Povilo Matulionio „Žolyne“ pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai

ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ Institute of the Lithuanian Language AUTHORIAL SOURCES OF THE PLANT GENUS NAMES PRESENTED IN POVILAS MATULIONIS’S ŽOLYNAS KEYWORDS: plant genus name, authorial source, botanical dictionary, plant nomenclature, Povilas Matulionis’s Žolynas, botanical nomenclature. ABSTRACT The article examines the Lithuanian plant genus names presented in the first botanical terminology dictionary printed in Lithuania—Povilas Matulionis’s plant nomenclature, Žolynas. Dalys II. Lietuvos augalų žodynas ir augalų taislas (1906)—and identifies their authorial sources, as well as the original forms of plant genus names used by Jurgis Ambraziejus Pabrėža and Laurynas Ivinskis and included in the nomenclature. The plant genus names by J. A. Pabrėža used in the nomenclature under analysis are compared with those he gives in his manuscript Taislius augyminis and in his dictionary Botanika arba Taislius augyminis, printed in America in 1900. The L. Ivinskis plant genus names included in Žolyne are compared with plant genus names used in two of L. Ivinskis’s manuscripts (Scaurus Agaricus rufo divaceus and Prigimtūmenėje). Plant genus names created by the compiler of Žolynas himself, Povilas Matulionis, and by other authors are also briefly discussed. INTRODUCTION The first Lithuanian botanical terminology dictionaries and plant nomenclatures began to be compiled as early as the beginning of the nineteenth century: the Samogitian priest Jurgis Ambraziejus Pabrėža (1771–1849), who began systematically organizing the terminology and nomenclatural names of the natural sciences, was also the first author of dictionaries of these terms. In 1821, he wrote a bilingual dictionary, Dictionarium Botanicum Latino Samogiticum BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 2 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 (a Latin–Samogitian botanical dictionary) and included 860 plant names. In 1834, J. A. Pabrėža completed a 505-page work Sryje Balsenyvyny, which was also a bilingual alphabetical list of plant morphology terms in Latin and Lithuanian. In 1843, he finished writing his most important scholarly work, Taislius augyminis (Tayslós augumyynis), in which he described in detail the entire flora of Samogitia: he discussed plant structure, explained plant morphology terms, and described 643 genera of flowering plants and 150 genera of spore-bearing plants and fungi¹. J. A. Pabrėža himself was unable to publish these works. His manuscript was published by the Institute of the Lithuanian Language several years ago: the first part of the manuscript appeared in 2009, the second in 2014, and the remaining part of the manuscript was published in 2015 (see TA I, TA II, TA III)². The works of another Samogitian, the teacher Laurynas Ivinskis (1810–1881), are also important for botanical terminology, especially his unpublished manuscript Prigimtùmėnė, turentė sawiejė dalijkus žemiės, žoliun ir gwiunun su parodimu anun wartojimo (hereafter Prigimtùmenė), written around 1870. In the second part of this manuscript, Žolėmina, the author presented a systematic nomenclature of fungi and plants, listing 218 families and more than 2,520 Lithuanian names of genera (for more, see Jankevičius, Jankevičienė 1962: 151–163; Auksoriūtė 2000; 2004). At the initiative of priest Antanas Milukas, editor of the Lithuanian-language newspaper Dirva, published in America, a part of the manuscript of J. A. Pabrėža’s Taisliaus augyminio, entitled Botanika arba Taislius auguminis, was printed in 1900. This was the first printed Lithuanian dictionary of botanical terms, which also includes plant nomenclature, although it was printed in America. The second printed Lithuanian dictionary of botanical terms is considered to be the hectographed publication Lietuviški augalų vardai. Lietuvių–lotynų kalbų botanikos terminų žodynėlis, prepared by Kazimieras Drąsutavičius and published in 1902 in Irbit, Russia. This is a 42-page dictionary, signed with the pseudonym Bugienis (for more, see Kruopas 1998 (1975): 266–267; Klimavičiūtė 2005: 26; LKTŽ 2008: 13). The first printed botanical dictionary in Lithuania is 3 published in 1906 by Povilas Matulionis, Herbarium. Parts II. Lithuanian Plant Dictionary and Plant Guide (hereinafter, Herbarium), although chronologically it is the third printed dictionary in this field (see Fig. 1). It is a compendium of plant names in which one can also find a few botanical terms. 1 Apie J. A. Pabrėžos kalbą ir rašybą plačiau žr. Subačius (1996: 10–113; 2009: 9–28). 2 The manuscript Taislius augyminis was prepared for publication by Dr. Rita Šepetytė; I thank her for her consultations. 3 The first page of the book gives the year 1906, since the book was planned for publication that year; however, the printing house was late in printing it, so the cover gives the year 1907. BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 3 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 P. Matulionis (1860–1932) – įžymus lietuvių miškininkas, mokslininkas ir pedagogas. „Daugeliui P. Matulionio darbų tenka vartoti pažyminį pirmasis: jis pirmasis paskelbė kraštotyrinį straipsnį lietuvių kalba (1891), pirmasis lietuviškai aprašė gintarą (1922) ir pripažintas pirmuoju kraštotyrininku; jis pirmasis lietuvis, nustatęs lietuvių paplitimo ribas Vilniaus gubernijoje (1901) ir rengęs etnografinį žemėlapį; jis – pirmosios Lietuvos žuvininkystės ir vandens ūkio plėtros programos (1903) <...> bendraautoris; jis parengė ir išleido pirmąjį lietuvišką augalų pavadinimų žodyną (1906), žinomą Žolyno pavadinimu, pirmąjį Lietuvos geografinį žemėlapį (1923), pirmąjį reljefinį žemėlapį Lietuvių ir latvių žemė (1921); jis vadovavo Aukštųjų mokslų draugijai, dalyvavo steigiant Aukštuosius kursus <...>“ (Deltuvas 2014: 12–13). FIG. 1. The cover of Žolynas BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 4 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 When P. Matulionis began compiling the plant nomenclature, he had already gathered a considerable number of Lithuanian plant names in his work as a Lithuanian forester. He had an undeniable advantage over his predecessors and contemporaries, since he had studied botany at the St. Petersburg Forestry Institute and acquired a scholarly grounding in plant systematics (Deltuvas 2014: 312). P. Matulionis planned to publish a work in two parts: the first was to describe plant morphology and provide illustrations, while the second was to consist of a dictionary of Lithuanian plants and a system of plants. The first part remained unpublished. As Jonas Dagys writes, “the main obstacle was the transfer of his place of service from Lithuania to Smolensk. Having found himself far from Vilnius, he could no longer maintain close ties with Vilnius publishers; perhaps his administrative work also increased, no longer allowing the author to devote himself to purely scholarly work” (Dagys 1957: 33). In the preface to Žolynas, P. Matulionis states what he aimed to achieve in compiling the nomenclature: “1. to provide the number of plants discovered in our homeland, 2. to bring together the information scattered everywhere, 3. to organize and harmonize it, as well as the dispersed names of plants, both in people’s speech and in writings, thereby reducing the multitude of contradictions” (Ž 3). He emphasized that in everyday speech, and even more often in writing, one word is used to name two or three different plants, and conversely, one plant is referred to by several names. The author also stated the principles he followed in presenting the entries in the nomenclature: “In such cases I have selected only those names that are either more widely known, or more accurately express the plant’s characteristics, or are of older origin, or are more clearly confirmed by the languages of our neighbouring nations: Latvian, Polish, and Russian” (Ž 3). According to P. Matulionis, about 3,000 Lithuanian plant names were selected for the nomenclature from 5,000 words he had heard or read. The author rejected some names as erroneous because not all collectors of words were knowledgeable about botany or the Lithuanian language, and those who supplied plant names did not always recognize the plant and thus gave inaccurate names. Only names of plants growing in Lithuania were included in Žolynas; P. Matulionis did not provide names for potted or imported plants (Ž 4). Žolynas contains the names of 716 plant genera and about 2,000 species. It should be noted that plants and fungi are not distinguished in the nomenclature; their names are given together. At that time, fungi were classified as plants and had not yet been placed in a separate kingdom, so in this article fungi are also examined as part of the plants. P. Matulionis’s Žolynas consists of three parts: 1. Rodikle sulyg lotiniško abecyno; 2. Rodikle sulyg lietuviško abecyno; 3. Augalų taislas sulyg istoriškai-gamtiškosios tvarkos. In the first part, plant names are listed in Latin alphabetical order; the Latin name is given first, followed by the Lithuanian one. BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 5 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 the name, with a reference to the author who mentioned it, and equivalents in Russian and Polish. The genus name is given first, followed by a list of species names, e.g.: Asperugo. L. – Šiurkštelė. P. (Ašryna) – Острщца – Lepczyca A. procumbens. L. – Š. mėlinoji. – О. Лежачая – L. Leżąca (Ž 10). It is rare for only a genus name to be given, for example, Ligustrum. – Lubistras, Mln. – Ligustr. (Ž 37); species names are usually also given, and their number varies; for some plants more than ten species names are provided—for example, 15 species names are listed for plūdės (see Fig. 2). FIG. 2. Žolyno, page 48 For some Lithuanian genus and species names, synonyms are also provided; they are written alongside in parentheses, e.g.: Althaea – Ybiškė. P. (Rožė) (Ž 7); Lactarius trivialis F. – Pienius Paalksne Iv. BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 6 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 (Kiaulgribas) (Ž 35). Elsewhere, synonyms are written without parentheses, e.g.: Convallaria, Lin. – Gludišius. Pakalnutis (Ž 21); Cornus mas – Sedula tikroji P., Smiltre Iv. (Ž 21). Sometimes a species name is given as a synonym for a Lithuanian genus name, e.g.: Lamium L. – Notruolė (Dilgele kurčioji) (Ž 35). It should be noted that Russian and Polish equivalents are not provided for all genus and species names, e.g.: Ptilidium – Liverwort – Orlica P. ciliare Ness. – K. Pintinele Mln. Brzęsniak (Ž 49) Sphaerella Wittr – Apivale P. S. aquilina Auers – A. areline (Ž 56). In the second part of Žolyno, Lithuanian plant genus and species names are listed in Lithuanian alphabetical order, with their Latin equivalents given alongside (see Fig. 3). ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 7 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 In the third part of Žolynas, P. Matulionis presents a plant system based on the principles set out in the work Ecological Plant Geography (Oekologische Pflanzengeographie, 1896) by Danish botanist Johan Eugenius Warming (1841–1924) (Deltuvas 2014: 315). Its presentation can be seen in Fig. 4. As Jonas Dagys emphasizes, “[I]f we compare this system of P. Matulionis with the current phylogenetic plant system, we will see that only the division of non-flowering plants is now classified differently: what Matulionis considered classes are now regarded as separate types. And no fundamental changes have taken place in the system of flowering plants” (Dagys 1957: 33). FIG. 4. Beginning of Part III of Žolynas, page 97 BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 8 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 P. Matulionis’s works and his Žolynas have been discussed mostly by natural science researchers: a collection of articles, An Eminent Lithuanian Forester—Prof. Povilas Matulionis, was published in 1957, and Romualdas Deltuvas’s monograph Povilas Matulionis: The Beginning of the Future Is Us. appeared in 2014. The aim of this article is to identify, using a descriptive comparative method, the sources of the plant genus names presented by P. Matulionis in Žolynas, and the original forms of the plant genus names included in the nomenclature. The names presented in the manuscripts of J. A. Pabrėža and L. Ivinskis serve as the basis for comparison. The subject of the article is 716 Lithuanian plant genus names presented in the first part of Žolynas, excluding synonyms. AUTHORIAL SOURCES OF PLANT GENUS NAMES IN ŽOLYNAS In the preface to his Herbarium, P. Matulionis provided a list of the sources used, and as the final source he cited the plant names he himself had collected from various parts of Lithuania over 15 years. Next to a Lithuanian plant name, he usually gave an abbreviation of the surname of the researcher who had recorded or proposed that plant name, and included a list of the abbreviations at the end of the book (see Fig. 5). The list contains 17 abbreviations, but a review of the abbreviations cited alongside the Lithuanian genus names in Part One revealed several more that were not included in the list, e.g.: Ficus – stalk Al., Melilotus – sweetclover Al., Platanus – plane tree All.; Actaea – baneberry Hag., Chaerophyllum – chervil Hag., Cardamine – bittercress H.; Ceramium – red algae I.; Elaphomyces – truffle Sember.; Lupinus – lupine Staug., Viburnum – viburnum Staug., Castanea – chestnut St.; Conferva – alga Z.; Oenanthe – water dropwort Ž. As can be seen from the Lithuanian Botanical Dictionary (hereafter LBŽ), it gives the abbreviations Alk and Mln alongside the names stalk (LBŽ 142) and sweetclover (LBŽ 218), and Alk alongside plane tree (LBŽ 266). The latter abbreviation stands for Jonas Aleksa’s surname; Jonas Staugaitis used his list of plant names collected in Suvalkija (LBŽ XXIX), while Mln is an abbreviation of P. Matulionis’s surname. Thus P. Matulionis apparently abbreviated J. Aleksa’s surname as Al., but a proofreading error crept in next to plane tree. The discrepancies between the abbreviations Hag. and H., and Staug. and St., can likewise be considered errors. The former abbreviate K. G. Hagen’s surname, although in the list of abbreviations P. Matulionis used Hg.; the latter abbreviate J. Staugaitis’s surname. This is confirmed by the LBŽ data. The meaning of the abbreviations I., Sember., Z., and Ž. is difficult BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 9 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 to say, since LBŽ indicates that ragmaurė is a name given by J. A. Pabrėža, while išnė is attributed to L. Ivinskis (see LBŽ 79 and 237). FIG. 5. List of abbreviations for names, page 110 1. Comparative Žolynas and plant genus names in J. A. Pabrėža’s writings Žolynas contains mainly plant genus names proposed by J. A. Pabrėža—303 of them. As P. Matulionis notes in the preface, he used J. A. Pabrėža’s dictionary Botanika arba Taislius auguminis (hereafter BT), published in America in 1900 (Ž 3). This dictionary prints a small portion of J. A. Pabrėža’s 1843 manuscript Taislius augyminis (hereafter TA)—the introduction and the list of plants, about which the BT preface states: “The most important part of that work is an alphabetical list of plants found in the western part of Lithuania, with a Latin name placed beside each one” (BT 8). The editors of BT noted that J. A. Pabrėža’s work was written in Samogitian and that only the spelling was changed in printing: “Otherwise, we print everything we have, word for word, changing only the spelling” (BT 8). BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 10 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 Comparing the plant genus names in Žolynas marked with the abbreviation of J. A. Pabrėža’s surname with the plant genus names in BT reveals differences. Admittedly, 153 plant genus names—50.5 percent of the names by J. A. Pabrėža given in Žolynas—are identical in both nomenclatures, for example: paršė (Achyrophorus), ajaras (Acorus), aldrunė (Aldrovanda), gašiokė (Amaryllis), niukštarutė (Andropogon), vyrskaida (Androsace), katpėdė (Antennaria), uolunė (Azalea), šiušelė (Erigeron), šluotytis (Himantia), platužė (Sticta), bokštytė (Turritis)4. It should be noted that in Žolynas the ending -ė is written in two ways: in the now customary form, with a dot, but elsewhere without a dot—as -e, for example, soroke (Milium). In BT this ending is marked with a macron, i.e. written –ē, for example, sorokē BT 152; thus BT has no differences in the spelling of this ending. For some names found in both nomenclatures, the only difference is the length of the ending vowel in a word of the same gender: Žolynas gives names ending in -is, whereas BT has endings in -ys, e.g.: kibis (Aretium) Ž, kibys BT, cf. kybis (~kibis) TA II 394; kietis (Artemisia) Ž, kietys BT, cf. kyitis (~kietis) TA II 410; jautšonis (Bupleurum) Ž, jautšonys BT, cf. jautšonis (~jautšonis) TA I 327; driekis (Isaria) Ž, driekys BT, cf. dryikis (~driekis) TA III 134; blusganis (Physarum) Ž, bluzganys BT, cf. blóōzganis (~bluzganis) TA III 1295. Fifteen names with such differences were found; one shows the reverse pattern—with a long ending in Žolynas (žvaginys) (Melampyrum), but a short ending in BT (~žvaginis), cf. žvagyynis (~žvaginis) TA II 255. Differences in the vowel under discussion also occur in the root: skidunė (Parmelia) Ž, skydunė BT, cf. skidauny (~skydūnė) TA III 48; dobilas (Trifolium) Ž, dobylas BT, cf. dobyts (~dobilas) TA II 335. These are spelling differences. As noted, the spelling in J. A. Pabrėža’s manuscript was altered in BT. Half of the names in Žolynas differ to a greater or lesser extent from those in BT (150 plant genus names). Comparing the differing plant genus names with those given in J. A. Pabrėža’s TA (the portion of the manuscript whose publication was completed in 2015 also includes the list of plant names printed in BT) shows that most differences between the names in Žolynas and Taislius augyminis are minor. A few plant genus names differ in grammatical gender, e.g.: ramunis (Anthemis) Ž, ramunė BT, cf. ramóóny (~ramunė) TA II 429; uolobelis (Cotoneaster) Ž, uolobelė BT, cf. 4 The Latin plant genus name given in Žolynas is supplied in parentheses. 5 A plant genus name transposed into the common language is supplied in parentheses. The name given by J. A. Pabrėža in the main descriptive section on plants in TA is cited, and therefore the volume and page number refer to the printed volume, not the manuscript. BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 11 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 óulobely (~uolobelė) TA II 156; šalpusnis (Tussilago) Ž, šalpusnė BT, cf. szalpósny (~šalpusnė) TA II 406; činčiberas (Verbena) Ž, činčibėrė BT, cf. čžínčýbeery (~činčiberė) TA II 251. In these cases, Žolynas changes the gender and gives masculine names. In another small group of names (20 names), the grammatical gender is the same and only the ending differs, e.g.: dirsa (Bromus) Ž, dirsė BT; kaukis (Caucalis) Ž, kaukas BT, cf. kauks (~kaukas) TA I 335; pentinius (Delphinium) Ž, pentinas BT, cf. pęntyns (~pentinas) TA II 196; salotis (Lactuca) Ž, salotas BT, cf. saloots (~salotas) TA II 445; raukšlė (Marrubium) Ž, raukšla BT, cf. raukszla (~raukšla) TA II 250; biretune (Nicandra) Ž, biretuna BT, cf. byretuna (~biretūna) TA I 303; šiurkštė (Stereocaulon) Ž, šiurkšta BT, cf. śziórkszta (~šiurkšta) TA III 47. As the examples show, the ending was changed in Žolynas, since BT gives the names with the same ending as in the original TA. Several names in Žolynas differ from those in BT only in a component of a compound or in a suffix, e.g.: liutonasris (Antirrhinum) Ž, liaunasrė BT, cf. launasry (~liaunasrė) TA II 259; plikaplaiskis (Gymnostomum) Ž, plikžiopla BT, cf. plykžiopla (~plikžiopla) TA II 561; ankstyve (Draba) Ž, anksta BT, cf. anksta (~anksta) TA II 277; sausmedis (Lonicera) Ž, sauskune BT, cf. sauskuuny (~sauskunė) TA I 310; erškėtys (Rosa) Ž, erškrozė BT, cf. erszkroožy (~erškrožė) TA II 174; šepe (Leskea) Ž, kopturšepše BT, cf. kopturšzeepšzy (~kopturšepšė) TA II 576. To name several plant genera in Žolynas, P. Matulionis used synonyms or species names given in J. A. Pabrėža’s TA, most of them taken from spoken language, e.g.: epejeida (Hedera Helix) Ž, slanka BT, cf. jonoosžós slaŋka (~jonošius slanka), syn. pruus. epėjęydós (~epejeidos) TA I 321; uožekšnis (Evonimus) Ž, atkašnys BT, cf. aatkašznis (~atkašnis), syn. pruus. ožeksznis TA I 312; kularda (Chenopodium) Ž, balanda BT, cf. baląada (~balanda) TA I 349, baląada kuularda (~balanda kūliarda) (Chenopodium Ambrosioides) TA I 351; kenis (Abies) Ž, eglė (Abies Picea) BT, cf. egly (~eglė), egly kienys (~eglė kėnis) (Abies Picea) TA II 517; žliūgis (Stellaria) Ž, žvaizdininkė BT (žliūgis – Stellaria media BT), cf. žwayzdynyky (~žvaizdininkė), žwayzdynyky žliūgis (~žvaizdininkė žliūgis) (Stellaria media) TA II 125. The 11 plant genus names in Žolynas marked with the abbreviation of J. A. Pabrėža’s surname that differ completely from the names in BT need to be discussed separately, e.g.: plukė (Anemone) Ž, balas BT, cf. baals (~balas) TA II 212; šilinykas (Alisma) Ž, igautrama BT, cf. igautrama (~igautrama) TA II 83; kartuolė (Aristolochia) Ž, numgina BT, cf. nómgyna (~numgina) TA II 466; šiurkštelė (Asperugo) Ž, ašruna BT, cf. aszruną (~ašrūna) TA I 285; žande (Eryngium) Ž, zunda BT, cf. BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 12 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 zuunda (~zunda) TA I 326; glimždis (Exosporium) Ž, glimširtys BT, cf. glymšzyyrtis (~glimširtis) TA III 138; rukštelis (Oxalis) Ž, uksunė BT, cf. óksuuny (~uksinė) TA II 136; anomadonė (Anomodon) Ž, tarpdantblakštenė BT, cf. tarpdątbtakstieny (~tarpdantblakštenė) TA II 575; kardylas (Gladiolius) Ž, měčalis BT, cf. miečzáalis (~miečalis) TA I 177; indega (Indigefera) Ž, anglija BT, cf. ąglyje (~anglija) TA II 359; peple (Populus) Ž, tapalis BT, cf. tapalis (~tapalis) TA II 97. As the examples show, the plant genus names included in BT were taken from J. A. Pabrėža’s TA, whereas in Žolyne P. Matulionis gave names different from those in those works. A review in LBT of the discussed plant genus names and their synonyms showed that none of them bears J. A. Pabrėža’s surname abbreviation; most commonly, P. Matulionis’s surname abbreviation is given. Thus, it is reasonable to question whether these plant genus names were taken from J. A. Pabrėža’s writings. Apparently, P. Matulionis Lithuanianized some of the loanwords given in BT (uksūnė > rukštelis, mėčalis > kardylas), replaced a name whose formation seemed complex to him with a borrowing from Latin (tarpdantblakštenė > anomadonė), or adapted it to the Latin name, omitting the country name (anglija > indega). Comparing the names given in BT and TA, it is clear that BT lists plant genus names from J. A. Pabrėža’s manuscript, although the spelling of some was altered in BT, while P. Matulionis did not transcribe all the names given by J. A. Pabrėža in BT accurately; such inaccurately transcribed names make up more than 49.5 percent of all the names marked in Žolyne as J. A. Pabrėža’s plant names. 2. Comparative plant genus names in Žolyne and L. Ivinskis’s writings The second-largest group of plant genus names, consisting of 144 names, comprises names taken from L. Ivinskis’s writings. P. Matulionis indicated that one of the sources for his nomenclature was L. Ivinskis’s “botanical drawings of mushrooms and damsels,” given to him by Mečislovas Davainis Silvestravičius (Ž 3). It is known that in 1873 L. Ivinskis prepared a mushroom atlas (hereafter GA), in which he provided scientific descriptions of mushrooms and numerous drawings of them. This atlas was selected at a meeting of botanists held in Warsaw and sent to the World’s Fair held in Vienna in 1873. After the mushroom atlas went missing in Vienna, the author later prepared it again (for more detail, see Petkevičiūtė 1988: 93–94). Drawings of mushrooms discussed by L. Ivinskis have survived and are kept in the manuscript collection of the library of the Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore. Two manuscripts are held there—Agaricus aeruginosus IV Pratella (F1-660) and Scaurus Agaricus rufo divaceus (F1-661)—comprising 226 pages in total, with mushroom drawings by L. Ivinskis himself; there are 769 drawings. The mushrooms were described in 1868–1874 and 1876. BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 13 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 In these descriptions of mushrooms, L. Ivinskis gave 73 Lithuanian names for mushroom species (for more detail, see Auksoriūtė 2012: 217–243 and the compact disc Lauryno Ivinskio grybų atlaso rankraštis). It is possible that P. Matulionis had access to some of these manuscripts by L. Ivinskis. A comparison of the Lithuanian mushroom names in the surviving manuscripts of L. Ivinskis’s GA with the names given in Žolyne shows that the names of eight mushroom genera coincide in both works: šukėnis (Clavaria) Ž, cf. szukėnis GA; gniaužtenis (Helvella) Ž, cf. gniaužtėnis GA; ausunis (Peziza) Ž, cf. àusūnis, bòbausis GA; rudetras (Erineum) Ž, cf. rudiētras GA; lapelaizis (Merulius) Ž, cf. lapièlājizis GA; the endings of three of them differ: skilemynas (Boletus) Ž, cf. skiliėmina GA; vinguris (Daedalea) Ž, cf. wìngurīs GA; dygminas (Hydnum) Ž, cf. dīgminīs GA. As already mentioned, L. Ivinskis’s largest natural-science work is Prigimtūmenė. P. Matulionis did not list this manuscript among his sources; however, an attempt to compare the names in Žolyne attributed to L. Ivinskis with the names in Prigimtūmenė revealed few matching plant genus names—only 22, amounting to about 15 percent of all plant genus names in Žolyne attributed to L. Ivinskis. It should be noted that most of these names were taken from the spoken language of the time, since one of L. Ivinskis’s methods of creating terminology was to terminologize words from spoken language (for more detail, see Auksoriūtė 2000: 57–68). The following names coincide: katpėde (Gnaphalium) Ž, cf. katpiedė (~katpede) Pr 255; linas (Linum) Ž, cf. linas (~linas) Pr 167; lapelaizis (Merulius) Ž, cf. gaidkojis, lapièlājizis (~gaidkojis, lapelaizis) Pr 66; briedgaure (Nardus) Ž, cf. bridgaūris (~briedgauris) Pr 127; pušis (Pinus) Ž, cf. pušzis, kwājé (~pušis, kvajė) Pr 143; aviete (Rubus) Ž, cf. awiètė (~avietė) Pr 203; ruta (Ruta) Ž, cf. rūta (~rūta) Pr 165. Only one of the names mentioned differs in ending: Žolyne gives briedgaurė, whereas Prigimtūmenėje gives briedgauris. Checking J. A. Pabrėža’s BT and TA revealed the same name for this plant: briedgaurys BT, brydgauris (~briedgauris) TA I 184. Thus, the plant genus in question was named by both J. A. Pabrėža and L. Ivinskis, confirming that this name was taken from spoken language. It is unclear, however, why P. Matulionis did not mark the name found in BT in Žolyne with J. A. Pabrėža’s surname abbreviation. It is noteworthy that the plant of the genus Nardus is named in the Samogitian dialect with both a feminine and a masculine form. According to the Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (hereafter LKŽe), the form briedgaurė is used only in Šilalė, whereas briedgauris is found much more widely: in Kvėdarna, Šaukėnai, Šatės, Gargždai, Šilalė, and elsewhere (see LKŽe). BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 14 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 Among the names of the same plant genera given in Žolyne and Prigimtūmenėje there are also loanwords, for example: blodustas (Allium) Ž, cf. blodūstas, bładūstas, czesnākas (~blodūstas, bladūstas, česnakas) Pr 132, śzesznaks (~česnakas) TA II 55; cinamonas (Cinnamomum) Ž, cf. cināmonas, cinēmonas (~cinamonas, cinemonas) Pr 155; gvazdikas (Eugenia) Ž, cf. gwajzdikas (~gvaizdikas) Pr 201. L. Ivinskis may have taken some loanwords from colloquial speech of the time or found them in old writings (for more detail, see Auksoriūtė 2000: 121–126). It should be noted that J. A. Pabrėža did not include a plant such as cinnamon in Taisliuje augyminiame, while the name for a different plant—gwazdyks (~gvazdikas) (Tagetes) TA II 425—is gvazdikas. This group also includes plant genus names genuinely coined by L. Ivinskis, for example: paskinis (Epipogum) Ž, cf. paskinis (~paskinis) Pr 140, qntbaarzdy (~antbarzdė) TA II 462; rudetras (Erineum) Ž, cf. rudietras (~rūdėtras) Pr 48, ruudyniiks (~rūdin ykas) TA III 136; gniaužtenis (Helvella) Ž, cf. gniaužtenis (~gniaužtenis) Pr 65, alwiity (~alvytė) TA III 119; begalis (Laserpitium) Ž, cf. begālis, begalinis (~begalis, begalinis) Pr 194, dydžiōly (~didžiulė) TA I 348; garduoklis (Myrrhis) Ž, cf. gardōklis (~garduoklis) Pr 195, perlieweens (~perlėvenas) TA I 337; liesmuo (Onosma) Ž, cf. lièsmuō (~liesmuo) Pr 233, looty (~lutė) TA I 278; linovietis (Thesium) Ž, cf. linōvietis (~linovietis) Pr 153, lynołapis (~linolapis) TA I 321. A comparison shows that J. A. Pabrėža used other names for the plant genera in question in his work, most likely coined by himself. Several plant genus names in Žolyne, marked with the abbreviation for L. Ivinskis’s surname, may be mentioned; they differ from the names given in Prigimtūmenėje by a suffix or a component of a compound, for example: medumele (Melittis) Ž, cf. mĕdūnis (~medūnis) Pr 231; laiškenis (Mercurialis) Ž, cf. laiškėtis (~laišketis) Pr 150; vaškenis (Myrica) Ž, cf. waszkuonė (~vaškuonė) Pr 145; pludmene (Salvinia) Ž, cf. plūdūris (~plūdūris) Pr 117; garstinykas (Sisymbrium) Ž, garstītininkas (~garstytininkas) Pr 179; siaurenis (Sparganium) Ž, cf. siaurōnis (~siauronis) Pr 120; sausaziedis (Carlina) Ž, cf. sausūnis (~sausūnis) Pr 254. Comparing the plant genus names identified in Žolyne as L. Ivinskis’s with the names in Prigimtūmenės clearly shows that few coincide; most of the names given in the two works differ, for example: nuokana (Cicuta) Ž, cf. siùtminīs (~siutminys) Pr 191; šunažolė (Dactylis) Ž, cf. piewēnis (~pievenis) Pr 125; nerve (Fontinalis) Ž, cf. pasrowēnis (~pasrovenis) Pr 111; galvenis (Geoglossum) Ž, cf. kùltuwēnis (~kultuvenis) Pr 63; plauretis (Gymnadenia) Ž, cf. plìntis BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 15 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 (~plintis) Pr 140; saulenis (Helianthemum) Ž, cf. švitrūnis (~švitrūnis) Pr 181; skleist(e)nis (Herniaria) Ž, liekandris (~liekandris) Pr 184; driguonė (Listera) Ž, cf. bražis (~brašis) Pr 141; pienraudis (Lycogala) Ž, cf. raudmenė (~raudmenė) Pr 59; menuva (Montia) Ž, cf. šaltrenė (~šaltrenė) Pr 184; prožiklė (Neslia) Ž, cf. grudėnė (~grūdenė) Pr 176; klastotras (Osmunda) Ž, cf. roglenis (~roglenis) Pr 115; bervidis (Scrophularia) Ž, cf. ropeinis (~ropeinis) Pr 222; dygunė (Torillis) Ž, cf. šajtl(i)etis (~saitlietis) Pr 195. Thus it is clear that P. Matulionis included in Žolyną plant genus names coined by L. Ivinskis not from Prigimtūmenės. Apparently, he used other manuscripts by the author or secondary sources, or perhaps took some names from L. Ivinskis’s short articles published in Metskaitliuose. 3. Plant genus names coined by P. Matulionis and other authors The third-largest group of plant genera names marked with a surname abbreviation consists of 63 names bearing the abbreviation Mln., indicating that these names were recorded, collected, or coined by P. Matulionis himself. He took some names from colloquial speech, since in the preface he himself listed among his sources: “My own observations, collected from various corners of our homeland over 15 years” (Ž 4). Names collected by P. Matulionis from living speech account for about 46% of the names given in Žolyne. These include names such as kraujažolė (Achillea), lakišius (Bidens), kukurdvelkis (Bovista), žirnmedis (Caragana), vijoklis (Convolvulus), ąžuolas (Quercus), žalčialankis (Daphne), švylis (Eriophorum), drignė (Hyoscyamus), pienius (Lactarius), peliožirnis (Lathyrus), pupalaiškis (Menyanthes), umedė (Russula), vingerykštė (Spiraea). P. Matulionis apparently coined more than half (about 54%) of the plant genus names himself; half of these are suffix derivatives, for example: dirvuolė (Agrimonia), smilguolė (Agrostis), purvuolis (Liparis), žirnuolis (Orobus), driekana (Lycopodium), plūdena (Lemna), godulis (Anchusa), gleivikas (Arcyria), papartikštis (Ceterach), stepukas (Apocynum), svogūnelis (Colchicum), smilgaitė (Deschampsia), gleivetis (Nostok). Eight are compounds: auselgribis (Auricularia), pašepžioplė (Barbula), slepišere (Isoetes), smiltagraibė (Moehringia), trukažolė (Pirola), uolaskelė (Sacsifraga), kulkšnegalvis (Hippocrepis), šilkam(e)dis (Morus). Two are prefix derivatives: posmilgė (Apera), pojudra (Capsella). P. Matulionis borrowed three more names from Latin: eliodė (Elodea), levanda (Lavandula), mnija (Mnium). Thus, the author of Žolyno not only collected plant genus names but also coined them himself. BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 16 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 Fewer plant genus names in the Žolyne are attributed to Friedrich Kurschat, whose surname is abbreviated, namely 33: laišis (Eruum), kemeras (Eupatorium), brantimedis (Guajacum), žibutė (Helichrysum), dedėsva (Malva), kaukis (Mandragora), šaukštis (Petasites), raktažolė (Primula), putelis (Tragopogon), dagišis (Xanthium), and others. P. Matulionis also listed as sources dictionaries compiled by Konstantinas Sirvydas, Friedrich Kurschat, Mykolas Miežinis, and other authors (Ž 3). Since only a few names are supplied by some authors (Bakutis, Adalbert Bezzenberger, Gabrielė Petkevičaitė-Bitė, Kazys Grinius, Petras Matulaitis, Georg Heinrich Ferdinand Nesselmann, Konstantinas Sirvydas, and others), they will not be discussed in detail; it is only worth noting that the total number of such names is 71. Examples include papartys Širv. (Aspidium), varnalėša Širv. (Lappa), balkuote Grn. (Briza), barškuti Grn. (Rhinanthus), bitkriesle Ness. (Calaminta), kriaušė Ness. (Pirus), bežis Bezz. (Typha), gurgždis Hag. (Chaerophyllum), kresa Hg. (Cardamine), smidras Gabr. (Asparagus), jurginas Gabr. (Dahlia), durnažolė Jac. (Atropa), sniegulis Jac. (Galanthus), delgutis Mlt. (Erodium), snaudalė Mlt. (Leontodon), putinas Staug. (Viburnum), iev(a)ras All. (Platanus). The contributions of these authors, as well as those already discussed, to the terminology of plant genera in the Žolynas, expressed as percentages, are shown in Figure 6. FIG. 6. Sources, by author, of plant names listed in the Žolynas, percent. BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 17 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 The Žolyne also contains 102 plant genus names for which no abbreviations are given, for example: kaštanas (Aesculus), alksnis (Alnus), pašiaušėlis (Alopecurus), krapas (Anethum), arnica (Arnica), smilgaveisė (Corynephorus), narstiklis (Diatoma), banguolis (Furcellaria), širdažolė (Gentiana), dumblunė (Limosella), kietžirnis (Ononis), spalgena (Oxycoccus), sidobražolė (Potentilla), kerpunelė (Ptilidium), skutuolė (Rhytizma), tvane (Scheuchzeria), antplysė (Schizophyllum), nasturte (Tropaeolum), dilgyne (Urtica), vandsarge (Zanichellia). CONCLUSIONS 1. P. Matulionis’s Žolynas is the first plant-name dictionary printed in Lithuania. It contains names of plants and fungi growing in Lithuania, collected from living spoken language and from various printed works and manuscripts. The surname abbreviations given alongside names collected from written works and manuscripts identify the author who recorded or coined each name, indicating that approximately 86 percent of all plant and fungal genus names in the Žolyne have an attributable source. P. Matulionis provided a list of 17 surname abbreviations, but the dictionary also includes further abbreviations, from which two additional surnames can be identified: J. Aleksa and J. Staugaitis. 2. The largest share of plant genus names listed in the Žolyne (42 percent of all genus names) consists of names taken from J. A. Pabrėža’s dictionary Botanika arba Taislius auguminis (BT), published in America in 1900. The dictionary printed a small portion of J. A. Pabrėža’s 1843 manuscript Taislius augyminis. However, only slightly more than half of the plant genus names attributed to J. A. Pabrėža in the Žolyne appear there in the same form as in BT; the remainder, a somewhat smaller portion, point to differences between the dictionaries. The spelling of plant genus names in BT was changed in comparison with J. A. Pabrėža’s manuscript, and the forms of some names were also altered. P. Matulionis, in adopting names from BT, also changed some of them. As many as 11 plant genus names listed in the Žolyne with J. A. Pabrėža’s surname abbreviation are found neither in J. A. Pabrėža’s manuscript nor in BT; thus, they were most likely taken from writings by another author. 3. Half as many plant genus names bearing L. Ivinskis’s surname abbreviation were included in the Žolyną as names bearing J. A. Pabrėža’s surname abbreviation. P. Matulionis cited L. Ivinskis’s drawings of fungi as a source, but comparison of the fungal genus names included in the Žolyną with surviving manuscripts for the fungal atlas compiled by L. Ivinskis established that only 8 fungal genus names could have been taken from them. BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 18 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 When the plant genus names given in Žolyne are compared with the names in another manuscript by L. Ivinskis, Prigimtūmenė, it is clear that the plant genus names used in the nomenclature do not come from this manuscript by L. Ivinskis. P. Matulionis most likely drew on other manuscripts by L. Ivinskis or on secondary sources. 4. Žolyne contains about 9 percent of the plant genus names supplied by the compiler of the nomenclature, P. Matulionis, himself. The author took some of these plant genus names from spoken language, while he most likely coined more than half of them himself. Among the plant genus names coined by P. Matulionis, suffixal derivatives predominate. 5. Only a few plant genus names created or recorded by other authors (F. Kuršaitis, K. Sirvydas, M. Miežinis, F. Nesselman, K. Grinius, and others) are given; they constitute about 10 percent of all the plant genus names in Žolyno. ŠALTINIAI BT – Pabrėža A. 1900: Botanika arba Taislius Auguminis, Shenandoah, Pa. GA – Ivinskis L. Scaurus Agaricus rufo divaceus, rankraštis saugomas Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos instituto bibliotekos Rankraštyne, F1-661. Pr – Ivinskis L. Prigimtūmenė (Prigimtūmenė turentė sawieje dalijkus žemies, žoliun ir giwunun su parodimu annun vartojimo), rankraštis saugomas Lenkijos mokslų akademijos bibliotekoje Krokuvoje, 1 d. katalogo nr. 1801; 2 d. katalogo nr. 2824. LBŽ – Lietuviškas botanikos žodynas, red. J. Dagys. Kaunas, 1938. LKŽe – Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (t. 1–20, 1941–2002): elektroninis variantas, vyr. red. G. Naktinienė Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2005 (atnaujinta versija, 2008). Prieiga internete www.lkz.lt. TA I – Pabrėža J. A. Taislius augyminis. I–223. Parengė O. Kažukauskaitė, R. Šepetytė. Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2009. TA II – Pabrėža J. A. Taislius augyminis. 224–776. Parengė R. Šepetytė. Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2014. TA III – Pabrėža J. A. Taislius augyminis. 777–980. Parengė R. Šepetytė. Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2015. BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 19 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 Ž – Matulionis P. Žolynas. Dalys II. Lietuvos augalų žodynas ir augalų taislas, Vilnius: M. Kutkos spaustuvė, 1906. LITERATŪRA Auksoriūtė A. 2000: Lauryno Ivinskio terminologijos darbai. Daktaro disertacija. Auksoriūtė A. 2004: Neaiškios darybos L. Ivinskio Prigimtūmenės naujažodžiai. – Terminologijos istorijos ir dabarties problemos, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos instituto leidykla, 127–149. Auksoriūtė A. 2012: Lauryno Ivinskio grybų atlaso rankraštis. – Priešaušrio mokslas, kultūra ir švietimas: Lauryno Ivinskio 200-osioms gimimo metinėms, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 217–243. Dagys J. 1957: P. Matulionis kaip botanikas. – Įžymus lietuvių miškininkas – prof. Povilas Matulionis, Kaunas, 31–39. Deltuvas R. 2014: Povilas Matulionis: Ateities pradžia – tai mes, Kaunas: Lututė. Jankevčius K., Jankevičienė R. 1962: Kai kurie nauji duomenys apie L. Ivinskio darbus lietuviškos botanikos terminijos srityje. – Botanikos klausimai 2, 151–163. Klimavičiūtė J. 2005: Lietuviškos botanikos terminijos kūrėjai XX a. pirmojoje pusėje. – Botanica Lithuanica, Supplementum 8, 25–28. Kruopas J. 1998 (1975): K. Dražutavičiaus (Drazučio) terminų žodynėliai bei sąrašai. – Rinktiniai raštai, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 265–271. LKTŽ 2008: Lietuvių kalbos terminų žodynai: Anotuota 1900-2005 m. bibliografijos rodyklė / Gaivenytė-Butler J., Keinys S., Noreikaitė A., Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas. Petkevičiūtė D. 1988: Laurynas Ivinskis: Monografija. Vilnius: Mokslas. Subačius G. 1996: Jurgio Ambraziejaus Pabrėžos žemaičių kalba. – Lietuvių atgimimo studijos 8: Asmuo: tarp tautos ir valstybės, 10–113. Subačius G. 2009: Jurgio Ambraziejaus Pabrėžos Taislius augyminis (1843). – Jurgis Ambraziejus Pabrėža. Taislius augyminis I–223, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 9–28. Gauta 2019 12 11 Priimta 2019 12 30 BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 20 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 AUTHORIAL SOURCES OF PLANT GENERA NAMES OF POVILAS MATULIONIS’ ŽOLYNAS Summary The article analyses 716 Lithuanian plant genera names used in Povilas Matulionis’ glossary Žolynas. Dalys II. Lietuvos augalų žodynas ir augalų taislas (1906). Matulionis’ Žolynas is the first plant glossary published in Lithuania. Žolynas contains the names of the plants collected from writings and manuscripts with the abbreviation of the name of the author who wrote or created the name of a plant displayed next to. About 86 percent of names of all the genera of plants and mushrooms presented in Žolynas have such abbreviations. Most of the names included in the glossary are the plant names given by Jurgis Ambraziejus Pabrėža and Laurynas Ivinskis. Most of the plant genera names in Žolynas (42 percent of all genera names) are those of Pabrėža taken from his dictionary Botanika arba Taislius auguminis (BT) published in the USA in 1900, which contains a small part of his manuscript Taislius augyminis of 1843. Slightly more than half of Pabrėža’s plant genera names given in Žolynas are identical to the ones in BT, and the rest part of the names given in the dictionaries under analysis have differences. The analysis has shown that over 10 plant genera names presented in Žolynas with the abbreviation of Pabrėža were not included in any of his works under analysis, thus, these names are probably not taken from the writings of the said author. The number of plant genera names by Ivinskis included in Žolynas is twice less than the number of names by Pabrėža. Matulionis referred to Ivinski’s drawings of mushrooms as a source. However, the analysis shows that only eight mushroom genera names were taken from Ivinski’s surviving manuscripts of mushroom atlas Scaurus Agaricus rufo divaceus and included in Žolynas. Comparing the plant genera names given in Žolynas with the names presented in another Ivinski’s manuscript Prigimtūmenė, it is clear that Ivinski’s plant genera names used in the glossary were taken not from the mentioned manuscript. Most likely, Matulionis used other Ivinski’s manuscripts or secondary sources. BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ. Povilo Matulionio Žolyne pateiktų augalų genčių vardų autoriniai šaltiniai | 21 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2019.92.11 About 9 percent of plant genera names found in Žolynas were given by Matulionis himself who took part of these plant genera names from colloquial language and, most probably, composed more than a half of them himself. Other authors (F. Kuršaitis, K. Sirvydas, M. Mieżinis, F. Nesselman, K. Grinius, etc.) have only a few plant names that make up about 10 percent of all plant genera names of the glossary. KEYWORDS: plant genus name, authorial source, a dictionary of botany, plant glossary, Povilas Matulionis’ Žolynas, nomenclature of botany. ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas Petro Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius [email protected] BENDRINĖ KALBA 92 (2019) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204