Metodologinės naujovės kalbinio variantiškumo tyrimuose

231 Diana Dambrauskienė, Jogilė Teresa ramonaiTė, niJolė Tuomienė. metodologinės naujovės kalbinio variantiškumo tyrimuose Diana Dambrauskienė Lietuvių kalbos institutas ORCID id: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0346-8421 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: sociolinguistics, geolinguistics, perceptual dialectology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2024.97.11 Jogilė Teresa ramonaiTė Lietuvių kalbos institutas ORCID id: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-5194 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2024.97.11 niJolė Tuomienė Lietuvių kalbos institutas ORCID id: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6662-4615 DIRECTIONALS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: sociolinguistics, geolinguistics, language interaction, code change. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2024.97.11 METHODOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS On October 10-11, 2024, the Lithuanian Language Institute hosted an international scientific conference entitled METHODOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN THE STUDY OF LINGUISTIC VARIATION. The organizers of the conference invited the international academic community to share insights on geolinguistic traditions and innovations, word and its meaning, regionality and variantity, standardization and substantivization of common language, and interaction of languages and cultures. During the two working days of the conference, 48 participants from 8 countries (Germany, Netherlands, Slovenia, Romania, Poland, Ukraine, Latvia and Lithuania) read 36 papers. Annotations to the papers are published on the LKI website1. 1 Annotations to the papers can be found at https://lki.lt/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Anotacijos_Konferencija_Metodologines_naujoves_kalbinio_variantiskumo_tyrimuose.pdf. 232 GENERAL LANGUAGE | 97 The first day began with a plenary session, chaired by Prof. Dr. Aušra Kavaliauskienė, Head of the Geolinguistics Centre of the Lithuanian Language Institute. Danguolė Mikulėnienė. Dr. Albina Auksoriūtė, Director of the Lithuanian Language Institute, greeted the conference participants and listeners with an Pirmą pranešimą Netolimi horizontai dialektologijoje (The near Horizon in Dialectology) skaitė prof. dr. Johnas Nerbonneʼas iš Nyderlandų Grointroductory speech. University of Freiburg and University of Tübingen, Germany. The speaker highlighted the importance of dialectological research so far and spoke about new technologies and theories that allow a new study of the spread of linguistic variants. The invited guest welcomed the new methods of linguistic variantity research applied by the researchers of the Geolinguistics Center of the Lithuanian Language Institute. Another guest speaker was Prof. dr. Jožica Škofic from the Fran Ramovš Institute of Slovenian Language, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, in her presentation Interactive Slovenian Linguistic Atlas – new Tools in Slovenian Geolinguistics for International Use, presented an interactive atlas of the Slovenian language, which provides easy access to both research-relevant dialectal material and scientific works. In addition, the digital atlas can be continuously updated with language data, also by the public. The meeting was continued by Aidas Gudaitis, PhD student of the Geolinguistics Center of the Lithuanian Language Institute, and Dr. Agnė Čepaitienė, researcher of this center. The authors of the presentation Application of GIS Tools and Geospatial Analysis Methods in the Research of Lithuanian Variation presented their latest research, a new GIS technology methodology for collecting and analyzing perceptual dialectology data in Lithuanian dialectology. The speakers introduced the audience to the possibilities of geospatial analysis to identify hotspots of dialectal variants, the degree of prestige of the local language variant, the associative values of the dialect speaker and to see their connections with various socio-economic factors. The plenary session was concluded by Prof. Dr. Danguolė Mikulėnienė with the presentation Ideological Narrative of the Soviet Period in Lithuanian Dialectology. Taking into account the different Soviet periods and the multilayered nature of the ideological narrative, the lecturer discussed several stages of the development of Lithuanian dialectology in the Soviet period, introduced the most important features of the vulgar ideological narrative. 233 Diana Dambrauskienė, Jogilė Teresa ramonaiTė, niJolė Tuomienė. metodologinės naujovės kalbinio variantiškumo tyrimuose The researcher pointed out that this period did not have a greater impact on the development of dialectology: at that time and later in Lithuania the tradition of interwar Lithuanian studies was preserved, acting as an antidote to the narrative of drastic ideological adaptation. Summarizing, the professor emphasized that the ideological influence on science was halted by the linguists themselves. Furthermore, presentations of research and discussions took place in two sections: the first theme – Traditions and innovations of geolinguistics, the second – Word and Meaning. 15 papers were presented in the four sessions of both sections. The meetings of the Sections on Traditions and Innovations of Geolinguistics were chaired by Dr. Asta Leskauskaitė and Rima Bakšienė, researchers of the Geolinguistics Centre of the Lithuanian Language Institute. During the first meeting Florin-Teodor Olariu, Silviu Bejinariu, Veronica Olariu, Ludmila Malahova, Tudor Bumbu from the Iaşi Branch of the Romanian Academy of Sciences and the Moldovan State University presented the problems of digitizing the language atlas and shared their experiences of transliterating dialect texts into the Latin alphabet. Heiko Kammers, Simon Kasper and Jeffrey Pheiff from the Research Centre for the Atlas of the German Language at the University of Marburg, the Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf and the University of Bern presented a new atlas of morphological and syntactic variants, which takes into account both old dialects and local dialects, as well as their vertical relationship to the standard language. Anna Stafecka and Liene MarkusNarvila from the University of Latvia introduced the origins of geolinguistic research in Latvia and discussed the most important publications in this field. The speakers drew attention to the methodology of creating geolinguistic maps of the Latvian language in different periods, emphasized that the maps in the volumes of the Latvian dialect atlas published in the 21st century were created using the Paint Shop Pro program, and the website dialekti.lu.lv created by the Latvian Language Institute in 2022 provides free access to digital maps of Latvian dialects. Another researcher from the University of Latvia, Lidija Leikuma, described Adalbert Bezzenberger’s 1885 publication Lettische Dialekt-Studien, i.e. the first monograph on Latvian dialects, and discussed in detail the difficulties of foreign speakers in capturing phonetic nuances in dialect texts. She emphasized that Bezzenberger’s monograph provoked a culturally useful scientific polemic between the Latgalian clergy and intelligentsia, and that dialect discrepancies and errors recorded by foreigners were corrected in later studies of Latgalian speakers. 234 GENERAL LANGUAGE | 97 At the second session of the section, Edmunds Trumpa from the University of Latvia introduced the conference participants and listeners to the innovation of the research of the Latvian common language and the Curonian Livonian dialect in the Institute of Latvian Language of the University of Latvia – a method developed to relatively quickly visualize the movement of the first and priebalsių, – atskirais tyrimų rezultatais, pasidalijo įžvalgomis dėl alofonų kokybės kitimo dėsningumų. Lietuvių kalbos instituto Geolingvistikos second formants (F1/F2) between the two dialects. The speakers revealed the contrast between the Kupiškis dialect of then and today, updated the importance of the author’s accumulated data, and additionally discussed fragmentarily the current sociocultural and socioeconomic situation of the Kupiškis area. Asta Leskauskaitė, a researcher at the same center, emphasized not only the increasing importance of morphological features for identifying dialectal variants, but also the fact that the complexity of dialectal features is important both for pure linguistics and for creating, modeling and improving language recognition tools and artificial intelligence. The researcher drew attention to some aspects of morphological change, its relationship with horizontal and vertical continuity. Daira Vēvere, representing the University of Latvia, discussed the need to revise the classification of Latvian dialects and create terminology for individual dialects and proposed to divide these dialects according to 4 phonetic features and adopt the terminology suitable for describing Curonian Livonian dialects. Sakalauskienė and Dr. Loreta Vaičiulytė-Semėnienė. The first session began with a presentation of the si Kuržemės lyviškų šnektų, vadinamųjų tamniekų, istorinio skirstymo pagal giliuosius ir sekliuosius šnektos požymius problematiką, pateikė macrostructure and microstructure data fields of the Taras Shevchenko National Universal-Ukrainian Dictionary of Kyiv, with special attention to Antrosios sekcijos Žodis ir reikšmė posėdžiams pirmininkavo Lietuvių kalbos instituto Bendrinės kalbos tyrimų centro mokslininkės dr. Vilija illustrative examples. Vilija Sakalauskienė, who chaired the meeting, discussed ethnolinguistic information in the macro and microstructure of dictionaries, teto ir Lietuvių kalbos instituto mokslininkai Ihoris Koroliovas, Aurelija Gritėnienė ir Svitlana Hrycenko. Pranešėjai pristatė „Lietushowed what ethnolinguistic information, allowing to form a linguistic cultural picture of plants, can be found in dictionaries articles, illustrative sentences, terms, phraseologisms, paremies, derivatives, collocations, etc. Vilija Ragaišienė, researcher at the Geolinguistics Center of the Lithuanian Language Institute, 235 Diana Dambrauskienė, Jogilė Teresa ramonaiTė, niJolė Tuomienė. metodologinės naujovės kalbinio variantiškumo tyrimuose invited to discuss the importance of dialect dictionaries in the study of the perception of the linguistic world image. The researcher presented the word forest and its synonyms in the ethnolinguistic aspect of lexicographic articles, revealed the most important understandings of the concept of forest, as evidenced in dictionaries. Researcher Silvija Papaurėlytė-Klovienė of the General Language Research Center, having analyzed the associations of the word mother and discussed the field of associations of this word in the Lithuanian language worldview, stated that Lithuanian-speaking people record the main characteristics of mother through the emotional relationship with her, do not focus on appearance, work activity, describe only as a person causing positive emotions. The second session was opened by Veslava Čižik-Prokaševa, a representative of the General Language Research Centre of the Lithuanian Language Institute, who, based on the texts of fiction and non-fiction literature and publications of the late 20th and early 21st centuries presented in Contemporary Lithuanian Language Texts, examined the image of the Russian woman. According to the speaker, the image of Russian women is not too distinctive: Russian women are told in terms of physical, character, social, local, domestic, activity, ideological and religious aspects. Loreta Vaičiulytė-Semėnienė, speaking about the image of loneliness in journalism, stated that, taking into account the definitions of the word loneliness in the main dictionaries of the Lithuanian language and briefly referring to the research of other authors, the question arises whether the single person is always alone, whether (when) loneliness can be necessary for him and how the semantic continuity of loneliness spreads. Rūta Kazlauskaitė from the Šiauliai Academy of Vilnius University, having analyzed the semantics and motivation of naming the colors of stars depicted in Lithuanian authors’ poetry, came to the conclusion that the color of stars, or the tone of light and often the radiance, is named in poetry both directly and metaphorically. On the evening of the first day of the conference, guests and organizers took part in a tour of the recently opened Sapiegų Palace – they got acquainted with a unique Baroque-era architectural ensemble, which has changed not only its appearance but also its purpose over the years. On the second day of the conference, 14 papers were presented in three sections – Regionality and Variety, Standardization and Substantiation of Common Language and Interaction of Languages and Cultures. 236 GENERAL LANGUAGE | 97 Sekcijos Regioniškumas ir variantiškumas pirmajame posėdyje, kuriam pirmininkavo Lietuvių kalbos instituto Geolingvistikos centro tyrėja dr. Simona Vyniautaitė, pranešimus skaitė Geolingvistikos centro mokslininkės. Dalia Kiseliūnaitė aptarė lokatyvo ir prielinksninių konstrukcijų She noted that not in all informant’s language and not in all cases these forms compete as equivalents: it depends on their context. In her presentation, the translator Ieva Frigerio and her niece shared their insights on the strategies sintaksinės semantikos, prielinksninių junginių struktūros, daiktavardžio semantikos ir jo linksniavimo tipo. Posėdį tęsusi Jogilė Teresa Ramoof translating Italian dialect insertions in fiction into Lithuanian. The speakers drew attention to the rarely used translation strategy of foreignization, analyzed translations of Sicilian insertions in the Lithuanian text of Stefania nalo kalbos dialektą keisti vertimo kalbos dialektu ir, atsižvelgdamos į Lawrence’o Venuti teoriją apie vertimo teksto savinimą (domestication) ir Auci’s Italian novel The Lions of Sicily, The Saga of the Florii Family I (2023). Diana Dambrauskienė and Simona Vyniautaitė analyzed the causes and directions of mobility of Šilalė neighbourhood communities and hypothetically assessed the correlation of mobility and realization of dialectal characteristics. The speakers emphasized that the dynamics of the language users and the contacts with other spokespersons of the Soviet Union are among the most important factors that determine and will determine the change of the local language variants of the settlements located around Šilalė. Danutė Valentukevičienė, using quantitative methods to investigate the changes in the realization of the hardening consonant l in the speech of three generations of speakers living in the Varena geolect zone, revealed that in the youth language this feature has become an unstable dialectal marker associated with the regiolect and reflects convergence with the common language. In the second session, chaired by Nida Poderienė, a researcher at the General Language Research Centre of the Lithuanian Language Institute, the author of the first presentation, geolinguist Laura Brazaitienė, by comparing some dialectal features characteristic of the dialects of the middle area of the Lithuanian language, which do not coincide in the classifications of Lithuanian dialects, proved that the directions of change of the study area of dialects that do not coincide in the classifications do not fundamentally change on the map. Researcher of the Geolinguistics Centre Žydrūnas Šidlauskas revealed how evaluations from the emic perspective (not) coincide with statistical estimates of dialecticity: even if the speakers indicate that they do not speak 237 Diana Dambrauskienė, Jogilė Teresa ramonaiTė, niJolė Tuomienė. metodologinės naujovės kalbinio variantiškumo tyrimuose dialectically at the emic level, dialectal features are usually detected in their language from the etic perspective. He emphasized the importance of qualitative and quantitative dialectological studies, which show the dialectal (in)competence of ordinary language users. In the last presentation of this meeting, Nida Poderienė presented the theoretical basis and construct of the ethnolinguistic questionnaire (about Lithuanian language and local dialect usage tendencies and attitudes towards Lithuanian language and dialect). The speaker emphasized that the questionnaire is a tool that facilitates the assessment of the vitality parameters of regional linguistic communities. The meeting of the Section on Common Language Standardization and Substantiation was chaired by Dr. Aurelija Tamulionienė from the Common Language Research Centre of the Lithuanian Language Institute. All the papers in this section were read by researchers of the Common Language Research Centre. Rita Miliūnaitė drew attention to the fact that in the database of Lithuanian new words, there is an increase of hybrids with suffixes -istas, -ė, which have a specific connotation in public usage. The researcher pointed out the mechanisms of interaction of general language and substantivar phenomena and linked these processes with substantivarization of language phenomena. Aurelija Tamulionienė, based on the answers of 4,305 pupils to questions about language choice and use in everyday life, presented the areas of language prevalence in everyday use, assessed the preference of pupils for language (s) in different communication situations and revealed the similarities and differences in language use in different places in Lithuania. Žydrūnė Šalaviejūtė focused on the presentation of motivation features of fish names in Lithuanian language. After analyzing fish names in Lithuanian lexicographic sources, the speaker showed what conceptual characteristics help to highlight the analysis of the motivation of lexemes. Daiva Šveikauskienė raised the problem of computerization of the language of knowledge presented in printed grammar and discussed cases of incompatible grade management and fusion. According to her, in attempting to automate the syntactic analysis of Lithuanian language, the fact that the incompatible markup is considered to be controlled by the markup word is very inconvenient for computer processing. Dr. Violeta Meiliūnaitė, a researcher at the pradėjo pranešimu apie kalbinę aplinką ir jos įtaką lietuviškumui Šalčininkų rajone. Mokslininkė nagrinėjo kalbinę kulto ir sakralinės paskirties paGeolinguistics Centre of the Lithuanian Language Institute, chaired the meeting of the Section on Interaction of Languages and Cultures. She presented the results of the survey of the linguistic landscape in Lithuania, analyzed the language in which the main information for the faithful is presented, compared the linguistic landscape data with the official information on the liturgical language and raised the question of whether this field of language 238 GENERAL LANGUAGE | 97 Shapes favorable attitudes towards the state language in the Šalčininkai district. Nijolė Tuomienė, a researcher at the same centre, discussed the peculiarities of communication among bilingual (multilingual) native inhabitants of southeastern Lithuania. The researcher emphasized that situational code change becomes a universal strategy for achieving communication goals and performing certain conversation functions, and emphasized that the analysis of formal and private conversations of different content in bilingual and multilingual communities in southeastern Lithuania allowed to identify eight situations – possible strategies of code change. Violeta Švaikovskaja, PhD student of the Lithuanian Literature and Folklore Institute, based on the concept of education in the stories of the inhabitants of the region of Šalčininkai, sought to justify the status of education as a possible culture. According to the rapporteur, education is measured by the skills acquired in school or otherwise and by the circumstances leading to school absenteeism. The work of the conference was concluded with the final plenary session, which was chaired by Vilnius University researcher Prof. dr. Kristina Rutkovska. 3 reports were read at the meeting. The first presentation, Polish dialectology in the face of changing linguistic situation in rural areas – new methods in new conditions (Polska dialektologia wobec wyzwań zmieniającej się sytuacji językowej na wsi – nowe metody w nowych warunkach), was delivered by Prof. habil. dr. Maciej Rakas from the Jagiellonian University in Poland. The invited guest pointed out that the changing linguistic situation in Polish rural areas requires a new approach: sociolinguistic factors are becoming important for dialectological research, so the research methods are increasingly closer to those used for sociolinguistic research. In the second presentation Ethnotheological methods in the study of ancient writings, the chairperson of the plenary session Prof. dr. Kristina Rutkovska examined the application of ethnotheological methods to the study of religious monuments, discussed the development and dissemination of theological thought arising from the interpretation of the Holy Scripture. The scholar focused mainly on Konstantinas Sirvydas’s lecture summary Explanationes in cantica canticorum Salomonis et in Epistolam D. Pauli ad Ephesios, prepared in 1620. Having outlined the structure of the lectures, their connections with Sirvydas’s Points, the lecturer revealed how in these works, expressing Sirvydas’s authorial thought, it is possible to detect original elements arising from the cultural context of Jesuit activity in Vilnius. The third and final presentation on New methods of frontier studies. In Search of New Methods of Border Studies. Ethnographic archive material as a source for the study of historical multilingualism on the Belarusian-Lithuanian border. 239 Diana Dambrauskienė, Jogilė Teresa ramonaiTė, niJolė Tuomienė. metodologinės naujovės kalbinio variantiškumo tyrimuose Archival Ethnographic Materials as a Source of Research on Historical Multilingualism on the Belarusian-Lithuanian Borderland) was read by Dr Katarzyna Konczewska, representative of the Institute of Polish Language of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Illustrating with a specific example, the researcher emphasized the importance of historical documents for linguistic research from areas for which there is no or very little historical linguistic data. Summarizing the work of the international scientific conference, Dr. Vilija Sakalauskienė, Vice-Chair of the Scientific Council of the Lithuanian Language Institute, expressed her satisfaction with the international nature of the conference, the large number of participants, emphasized the importance of the humanities and thanked the scientific and organizational committees. The closing highlight of the conference was the documentary film We Preserved the Language, produced on behalf of the State Lithuanian Language Commission on the issue of the restoration of the state language status in 2023. 35th anniversary. Retrieved 2024-11-15 DIANA DAMBRAUSKIENĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas Petro Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lithuania [email protected] JOGILĖ TERESA RAMONAITĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas Petro Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lithuania [email protected] NIJOLĖ TUOMIENĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas Petro Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lithuania [email protected]