О балтийских следах в топонимике русских территорий

LE sla, Yse a EoBeOeT YRIO°-S' KLAUS? Me A [I EIPESTU VOORS MheSeR MoO RS Eh e A KK ADVE MES A 0 BAJITHMCKUX CJIEJAX B TOMOHHMMKE PYCCKHX TEPPHTOPUH B. H. TOMOPOB Oxkono ec usecaTu eT TOMY Hasaq NoABHuach c a ba A. A. Kouyounc- Ko o ,,eppuTopus youcTopuyeckoi JIu sni‘ ()KypHan Munuc epc sa Hapog- no o IIpocsemenua, Uac b 309, 1897 ogz,.Ne 1, c p. 60-94), B KoTOpoii Bnep- Bble Obila CleaHa CepbesHad MONbITKa ONpe emTh GOauTHiicKkHe 9S/eMeHTHI B TONOHHMMYeCKHX Ha3BaHHAX Ha TePPHTOPHAX, JlexKAaLIMX K BOCTOKY H 10 0-BOC- ToKy OT coppemenHoi JIu pp. A. A. KouyOunckomy yaslocb BCKPITb BeCcbMa commgubil Oan ulickuii co B MecTHBIX HasBaHHax MuucKoli, Bu e6ckoli, Mo- THeBCKOM H (NHI B BAe uCKMOVeHHI) CmMoneHckol y6epuuii. Ykasannasa CTaTbaA MOsOXKUMa Hayao WeNOMy PAaLy NOMBITOK JaJbHelwe o BHIABeHHA Oaa- THHCKHX TONOHHMMOB B BOCTOUHOM HallpaBJeHHH. Tlpexe ce o cJleyeT OTMeTHTb UpesBE aHHO WeHHble HCCNeAOBaHHA JH- ToBcKo o smu suc a K. By a, MocBalileHHble BOCTOUHO-CaBAHCKOH TONOHHMHKe OanTulicko o npoucxoxyenua . Emy yganocb coOpaTb Sosee 150 mpumepos Ta- Ko o po la, YTO HaMHO O MpeBbiliiaeT MaTepHaubl e o MpexwecTBeHHUKOB. Kpo- Me TOFO, JIMHPBHCTHYeCKad WHTepnpeTala STUX NpHMepoB H HX NOKasaTe/bHad cua Oonee y6equTenbHp, em y A. A. Kouy6uncko o, xoTa u B padoTax K. By n Hemaio COMHMTeIHEIX HIM MpocTo omnOounbix mpumepos (Ipuska, Kab xa, Me enka, Heponas, Hepa osxa, Mepenom, Mepesonoxa, Mososa, C pynuua u Ap.), Upuyem Bompoc o KpuTepHax pasiMueHHA OasTHlicKAXx TOIO- HHMOB OT CTAapbIX CJlaBAHCKHX He Bce ja saHHMaeT JosKHOe MecTo. A 3TO OcoGeHHO YAHBHTe/IbHO, eC BCIOMHHTb, 4TO HMeHHO K. By a o eHb yyayHO ONpeyeNH OCHOBHEIe SJIeMeHTbI CJIaBAHCKOH peyH To o MepuHowa, Ko ga cila- BAHe BOUIWIM B KOHTaKT c OaJi aMM, (pHHHaMM, CO cTapbIM HacesleHHemM BaJikan H Upexasbnwiickux TeppuTopuii. BaxkHo OTMeTHTb, 4YTO NOMCKOBad OONacTb JH- TOBCKO O YYeHO O B OCHOBHOM O paHHYHBaJacb TeMH Ke TeppUTOPHsAMH, KOTO- pble Hccwleyopan u A. A, Kouay6uncKuil, ¢ TeM OTJH4YHeM, TO HeCKOJbKO 60- Jee TOAHO Obi HCHOMbSOBAHbI JaHHbIe MO TOMOKHMHKe CmoseHcKol yOepHHuH. Ege Jasuie Ha BOCTOK UcKalM cieqoB GasTuiicko TononumuKkH A. JI. [lo- 1 Cu. K. Biiga, Ais iskos kilmés Gudijos ie o a déiai. ,,Tau a i Zodis“ 1, Kaunas, 1923, e p. 20—44; e o xe, Upiy a dy s udijos i ais iy bei sla ény seno é, Tam xe, 1, e p. 1—20; e o xe, Die Vo geschich e de Ais ischen (Bal ischen) S amme im Lich e de O snamen o schung, S ei be g-Fes gabe, Leipzig, 1924, e p, 22—35 (au oscKuii Ba- puan — Ais iy p aci is ie y a dy S iesoje) 4 ap. 55 TOMHH, C4HTaBUIMIi, YTO BOCTOYHAA TpaHMlla Ppachpoc panenua OasTulicko o aeMeHTa npoxo usia B TamOopcKoli u TlensencKoli yGepHusx, ye on cMewun- BaJica c (pHHHO-y opcKHM H, BHAHMO, Jlaxke C MpaHcKMM a lemen amn?; A. HY, Co6ouesckuli, He mpHBeAUIMi, npaBya, HOBO O TOMOHMMMYecKO O Ma epuauia’;, M. @acmep, coSpasuinii nanGonee Ha exupiii (xo a u HeOombmoli) ma epHaa, oTHocsujuiica K TONOHHMUKe CmosiencKoii, TBepcKoli, Kasy2xcKkoii, Mockosc- koli, Uepuu oscKoi a OpmoscKoii y6epuuii , 3a NocdJiequIolo YeTBepTb BeKa MHTepec K 9dTO!i NpobeMe ABHO cHM3HVICR;. HOBbIe paOoTb! NOABJIAIOTCA KpaiiHe peqKO M, Kak NpaBuwlo, Kacalo es yacTHoc- Teli. Buumanue yyenbix MepeMecTHsocb B Go lee sanayuble OG/acTH, e HULyT cieqos OaTulickoli TonoHuMMN Ha TeppuTopuu Tlompum® wan yc anaBauBalo CBAsH OaJITHHCKOH THIPOHHMHH C_,,WeHTpadbuo-eBponelickoi .? Mpusnapaa nep-- BOCTeNeHHOe SHaYeHHe NOAOOHBIX Mcce oBaHHii, BCé-TakKH Hewb3A NpusHaTE. 2 Cm. A. JI. To oguu, Us uc opun caapauckux nepeapuxenui, CII6, 1901, c p. 92-93. * Cm. A.W. Co6oaesckui , Pge xuna JIn ea?, —spec ua Vimnepa opexoi Axayemun Hayx 3a 1911 og, e p, 1051-1054. 4 Cm. M. Vas me , Bei age zu his o ischen Vélke kunde Os eu opas, 1.— Die Os - g enze de bal ischen S imme, SPAW, Phil.-his . Klasse, XXIV, Be lin, 1932. 5 Cu. E. Blesse, Bei age zu Namen o schung, 4, 1953, c p. 289-291 (0 aspanuax. Pxa u 4 Boso o o; c a ba oKxasaacb HaM ue oc ynuoll); P,A umaa, Die os sla ische. Gewasse namen mi l-epen he icum, Fes sch i M.Vasme , Wiesbaden, 1956. c p. 47-60 (ggecb cogepxu ca H OauTulickul Ma Tepuas), DakTH, coOpanubie B KHu e T. Jlep-Cnaa- BHHCKO O,,O pochodzeniu i p aojczyznie Slowian“, Poznan, 1946 (cm. § 15. D. Nazwy: Bal yckie, (c p. 65-67, cm. akxe c p. 175-177), Tpaguu onus . B nocmep uo ony61uKoBaH- HOM HecneqoBannH A. PospaxoscKo o, S udia nad nazwami w6d slowianskich, K a- kow, 1948, Gau uiickwe uzponuMEl, Takxe oObINHO TPagzMHOHHBIe, PaccmaTpHBaloTca He © ToH TOuKH 3peHHA, O KOTOPOl saecb HAeT peub. ®° Cu. B.H.Tonopos, J[ne same ku us o6nac u Oan ulickol Tononumun. — C6opuuK. B yecTb axag. A. M. Ougsenuna, Pu a, 1959 (3gecb xe npuBeAeHa mHTepaTypa Bompoca). 7 Cm. H.K ahe, Illy ica, 1V-V, IF,49, 1931, c p. 267-274 (V. Bal isch und Il- ly isch, c p. 271-274); e o 2xe, Bal ische O snamen wes lich de Weichsel, Al -P eu en, 8, 1943, c p. 4344; e o xe, Bei ige zu al eu opdischen Flu8namen o schung, Wii z- bu ge Jah buch, 1, 1946, c p. 79-97; e o xe, Al eu opdische Flu8namen, BzN , 1, 1949 — 1950, e p. 24—51, 247-266; 2, 1950-1951, c p. 113—131, 217-237; 3, 1951—1952, c p. 1—18, 153-170, 225-243; 4, 1953, c p. 37-53, 105—122, 234 —243; e o xe, Sp ache und Vo zei . Eu opdische Vo geschich e nach dem Zeugnis de Sp ache, Heidelbe g, 1954, (oco6enno 15, Das Ve hal nis des Illy ischen zum Bal- ischen und Sla ischen, c p. 108—114); e o xe, Die Sp ache de Illy ie , 1 Teil: Die Quellen, Wiesbaden, 1955; e o xe, Zu einzelnen illy ischen Eigennamen, BzN , 6 1955, c p. 237 —243; 7, 1956, c p. 217 —224; e o xe, Bal o-Illy ica, Fes sch i M.Vas- me , c p. 245 —252; e o xe, Flu8- (und O s-) Namen au -mana/ -mina, Bz N , 8, 1957, c p. 1—27; e o xe, Beme kungen zu al en Gewdsse namen, BzN , 8, 1957, c p. 144— 148; u np.; K. Kaspa sons, Illy ica, — Filologu Bied ibas Raks i, 18, 1938, e p. 52—65; 19, 1939, c p.57—74; 20, 1940, c p. 188 —204; G.Allesio, Un’ oasi lin- guis ica p eindoeu opea nella egione bal ica. S udi E uschi, 19, 1946, e p. 141—176; R.Schmi lein, No es de oponymie li uanienne, AASF, 51, 1941, c p. 59—60; e o xe, E udes su la na ionali é des Aes ii, 1, Toponymie li uanienne. 1948; e o xe, Su quelques oponymes li uaniens, Z N , 14, c p. 233 ~ 248; 15, c p. 51—71, 152-179; e o xe, The con luence Bal o-Romane? Mélanges de linguis ique e de li é a u e o- manes, 2, 1953, c p. 251—267 u ap. 56 onpaBlaHHbM 3a6BeHHe Kpy a Bompocos, nocTaBenHbix K. By oli uM, @acme- pom; TeM Go lee, ¥TO STH BOMpocb! Ja ieKH OT HX NONHOTO pelueHHA U HepenKo OCBellaloTcd C COBePIeHHO pasJHYHBIX TOUeK speHHs. B s o c aTbe—HaCKOJbKO NOSBOMAeT ee OOBEM—XOTeNOCb ObI YKa3aTD Ha HaHOo lee BaxKHbIe, NO HallieMy MHEHHIO, MPOOseMbI, KOTOpbIe cTOAT ce oyuA Ne- pea uccuexoBa esiem Gaui ulickoH TONOHMMAMM Ha TeppuTopun Poccun, u BpIc- Ka3aTb HEKOTOPbIe Mpe BaPHTeJIbHbIe coOOpaxKeHHA, CONMPOBOAMB UX HeCKOMb- KHMH HOBbIMH OObACHeEHHAMH. Oguo w3 CYNIeCTBeHHBIX 3aj]a4 ABJIAeTCH YCTaHOBJIeHHe paHul, OaTulic- KOM TONOHMMUKH Ha TeppuTopuH Poccuu. MuTepecHo, yTO MMeHHO ee BOCTOU- Hai TpaHula ocTaeTcd HaHOoJlee HeOMpeseeHHOM HM pacibIByaTOH, To da Kak lowKHad TpaHulla BeCbMa YeTKO MpoxoguT no [lpuna u (TonoHumMuKa saTBsxKC- Ko o THMa)®, 3anaqHad Tak2Ke He BbISbIBAeCT CKOJIBKO-HHOYAb Cepbe3HbIX COM- HeHuii (B JaHHOM CJlyyae He MPHHUMMAIOTCH BO BHUMaHHe _,,UeHTPasIbHO-eBpo- Nelicku e‘‘ cBa3H); YTO 2Ke KacaeTCA CeBepHOM paHHilbl OasiTulicKOH TONOHMMH- KH, TO, NO CyTH eda, ee ONpeseneH e He cOcTaBAAeT MpoOsemy, MOcKouDKYy, OYeBHAHO, YTO OaNTHlicKHe MWieMeHa HUKO ya He HAXOMMJIMch ceBepHee Tex MeCT, Ie OHH XKHBYT Te epb. Bompoc 0 BOCTOUHBIX paHHiax Oa ITulickoli To- NOHMMUKH ObWl MocTaBeH Mu M, PacmepoM, KOTOpbIli H MonbiTasica onpese- UTb UX B CaMOM OOmleM Buse. O Hako (pakTHYeCKH HeT OCHOBaHMii oBOpUTS © peaJibHOH paHule, OTe/IMolleH Oan ulicky!o TOMOHMMUKY OT (HHCKOH, HpaHc- KOH, cilaBancKkoli. WM geno 3 ecb He TOJbKO B TOM, ¥TO Jake B Mpeqe ax pacnpoc panenua OaJITHlickHX CieJOB NOCTOAHHO BCTPe aIoTcA ApeBHHe TONO- HuMbI He-GalTHlicko o Tuna. Moxe OniTb, Goee cyulecTBeHHBIM sIBAAeTCA TOT (pakT, YTO H 3a Mpe eNamu BOCTOUHO! paHu el, HaMeyenHOl M, Pacmepom, 06- HapyXUBaeTCA TOMOHHMMYeCKHe HaSBaHHA, KOTOPbIe NOJABAAIOWINM OOJbLIMH- CTBOM yUeHBIX, OTHOCATCA K GaJITHiickHM (cp., Hanpumep, L[Ha— eBbili npuToK Oxu; Wna—aessi npu ox Mokum® u .7.)°, Ecnu pepHo mHenHe 9. Baece o 6auTHlickom Mpoucxoxjenuu HasBaHua Boso oe (Gas .* bal-g-, uoBep ineeca 3aTeM MepeOCMbICIEHHIO B AYX€ HapOAHO! STUMONOTHH), TO HM OHO sacTaBsneT Hac BbILTH 3a Mpe lesb, HaMeyenHpie M, Dacmepom. Ho qaxke ecM HCKJIOWTh NOMOOHHIe Ha3sBaHHA 3 4HCJa OasTHlicKHx (BUUMO, HMeHHO TakHM OOpa3OM HM CJleqyeT MOHHMaTb HIHOpHpoBaHHe ux M, ®acmepom, KoTOopplii B Apy Hx CJlyyaAx BCe la eNel Ma bHO o oBapHBaeT COMHHTeJbHbIe NPHMepbl), TO BOCTOUHAaM panua GaNTHHcKOH TONOHHMHKH BCE- TaKM OCTAHETCH CJIMLIKOM MpHOM3HTeIbHOH. B yacTHOCTH, 9TO OObSICHAeTCH ® Cm. K.Biiga, Upiy a dy s udijos,..; e o xe, Jo ingiy Zemés upiy a dy ga- Winé-da, — ,,Tau a i Zodis“, 1, c p. 100. Hexo opsie pasno sacus BbISbIBaIOT JHU He~ Oonbulo yuacToK io o-sanaquol paHHubl, OAHAKO, KaK NPaBHsO, OHH OCHOBAHEI He Ha PasHoil HHTepnipeTaljHH TONOBHMHYeCKHX (aKTOB, a Ha Pa3HOM MOHHMaHHH HeKOTOPbIX HCTOPHYeCKHX WaHHblx. ® Cp. Taxxe Lna- npapeiii npu ox Tpepup . 10 C OuT yka3aTb Ha wHTepecHoe HaOmogen e A, JI. Tlo oguna: B Gacce ine Mpuna i ec b pexu Ina u Llauxa, c Apy o i c opousi, na Une, npu oxe Moku, c ou opox WauK (cp. waspan e pexu Wa s, Wa - npasiii npu ox Yul), yKa3. cou., c p. 92. Co cBoeli cTo- pouLl, yKaxxem na pexy Sa é B Kpe uu ckom u Ma xsiixsiickom paiionax JIu epi. 57 TeM, ITO HeMelKHi yueHbili, OyqyaH Kpali e OCTOPOXKHEIM B CBOHX HaO IOJeHH- aX H BbIBOJaX, YKa3aJI JIMIb HeKOTOpble HaHOOsee AOcTOBepHbIe (MOXKHO JaxKe cKa3aTb, GeccnopHble) OPHeHTHPbI B BHJe TOMOHMMMYeCKHX HasBaHHii H 9THM CYUleCTBeHHO OFpaHHyHJI CBOIO sagauy, O KOTOpoli HaM M3BeCTHO 13 Ha3BaHusA e o paOoTsl. CaHuKOM MaJloe KOJIMYeCTBO TONOHHMOB (23 HayexkHBIX cJlyyad B Tpepckoi , MockoscKoli, KasyxcKoli, Opnosckol u Uepnu oscKoli y6epuu- ax; 19 u ponumos u3 CMo leHcKoli yGepHi MpUXOAUTCA OCTaBHTb B CTOpoHe, NOCKOIBKy OHH He ABJIAIOTCH KPaliHHMH BOCTOUHBIMA MIpHMepaMH) Ha cTOJb OOWIMPHEIX TePPHTOPHAX He NOSBOAAeT ONPeMeJUTh KakHe-1H60 AeTau BOCTOU- HOH paHHubl Ga/ITHHcKOi TONOHHMHKH. Tem He MeHee, ye celiyac, M0-BHAMMOMY, e€CTb HeKOTOpbIe OCHOBaHUA AS YTOUHCHUA OTICMbHBIX YYACTKOB STO FpaHHUbl WIM, MO Kpalinei Mmepe, NPOACHAIOTCA OTe/IbHbIe NPHEMBI, KOTOPHIe B OwMKaliwiem Oyzyulem cMo Hu Obl UPHBeCTH K YCTAHOBJeHHIO GoNee TOUHBIX paHH. B yacTHOcTH, cnopHbii Bompoc 0 OasITHlicKHX TONOHHMHYeCKHX CJlelaxX B 1OKHOM HM JaxKe B 10 0-BOC- TounoH yac ax Mockosckoll o6acTH HM B BOCTOYHOL yac H Ty ibcKol mo 6nI TIOJlyaUTb HeKOTOPOe HOBOe OcBelleHHe MpH yyeTe GeccnopHEIx caeqoB 6ad- THHCKOH TONOHMMHKH 3a Mpe esOM yKasaHHbIx palionoB, O u cuezBI, — Gy- ZeM JH Mbl OpaTb UX BeCbMa IMPOKO, UpOu pbiBad pH 9TOM B cTpo ocTH, WIM, HaO6OpoT, OYeHb y3KO, HO 3aTO 6e3 pucKa owMOuTECA, — c HeECOMHeH- HOCTbIO, [OKa3bIBaloT, YTO ceBepHee NO exKallle o HCKJIOYeHHIO § cHop- Ho o paiioHa panuua GasITHiicKOli TOMOHHMUKH HyeT c ceBepo-3anaga Ha 10 o- BOCTOK. C o b xe OeccnopHo, 4TO K lo y OT yka3aHHO O paliona panuna HeT C CeBepo-BOcTOKa Ha o o-3anax. Ec ecTBeHHoe mposomKeHHe 9THX ABYX KOHTYPOB OOpasOBbIBaJlO Obl HEYTO BPOAe KJHHA Ha BOCTOK, NMpHxo a e oca Kak pa3 Ha CNOpHbI B OTHOWCHHH HaHuuA B HeM OaJITHiicKHx cJle 0B palion, Bouiee cloxkHO 6b i0 Obl JONycTHTb, yTO B yKa3aHHbIx yacTax MockoscKol # TysbceKol oGnac eli Jo TOTO JOBOMbHO NOcTOAHHO OpHeHTUpoBanHad panuua peskO M3MeHaeT cBOe HanpaBsieHHe HM Cc 10 a H Cc ceBepa. Pasymee ca, 4TO TIpHBeJeHHbIe OCHOBaHHA WaTKH (HM, Me@2Ky UpOwHM, MOTOMy, 4TO BoMpoc oO TpaHHwax JOpKeH ObITh CBA3aH C XPOHOJO HyeCKOH XapaKTepHCTHKOli), HO OHH B H3BeCTHOH cTeneHH Mo sIH Obl NOAy4ynTb MOATBepwAeHHe B TeX MpHMepax 43 CnOpHo o paliowa, KOTOpble MHO HMM MpH3HaloTCA OaJITHlicKHMH; B MeHb- eli NocJesoBaTesbHOCTH duHCKOM TONOHMMHUKH B YKa3aHHOM MecTe TO cpaB- HeHHIO C TeppHTopHel, Jeane K cepepy o MockBbl, HO Ha Tex 2%xe JON- ToTaX; B We/IOM pAjle TONOHMMOB, CO epxKalll MxX STHHYeECKHe HasBaHua (PHHCKHX nuiemed (Moka, Mopapec 1.%.), YTO aABAeTCA He aTHBHBIM ap yMeHTOM B MOJIb3y TpaHHUb!l Aa Ho ASbIKOBO TeppuTOpuH (cp. Ha3sBaHHe c KOpHeM *slo -: *slay- uiu * en-: * en -: * end- Ha OKpaHHaXx CJlaBAHCKOTO Mupa). Alpy o# paxnoli sa aueli uccneqoBanua Oa/THlickux c/leloB B pyccKol TOMOHHMUKE SIBUIACTCH BbIABJIeHHe TO BO3MOKHOCTH BCeX TIpHMepoB GaJITHiic- ko o Tana, HyxHo yMa b, ¥TO, eCJM OcTaBaTBCA Ha TOM 2Ke ypoBHe JOKa3a- TeJIbHOCTH, Kak K, By a, TO KOMMYeCTBO MPHMepOB MOTVIO ObI ObITb, BepOsITHO, yBe/IM4eHO Ha BeCbMa 3HayHTebHOe 4UC.O. Yxe celi ac MOxkHO yKagaTb HeKOTOpbie HOBble NpHMepbI CasTHlicKOli TO- 58 MOHMMHKH Ha pycckaXx gemuax. Tak, B HasBaHuM peku TxaTb (npapbiii mpu- Tok Basy3bl) cJlenyeT, 10 HallieMy MHeHHI0, BHJeTb M3BeCTHDIH OaJITHlicKHi KopeHb, cojep Kalllulica B MpyccKOM gudde ,,kycTapnuk“‘, ,,Jlec‘‘ (H, Kak Ay- Malo HeKOTOpble, ,,60/I0TO'‘), B JIMTOBCKHX CJIOBaX gudka klis, gidno élé, gidobelé xp., a Tak2xKe B OO/IbUIOM KOAMYeCTBe TONOHAMMYeCKUX HasBanui , Tpyccuu, JIu sp u Jla sun4. B s om cayyae Twa b <*Gpi-a p <*gudi- A i- u naxogu OaM«Kaiimyio aHaJio uio B HasBanuax Gdansk(o) <*Gpd-an- psk- <*gud-an-isk- 1 Gdynia <*Gpd-ynja <“gud-iinja ua mpy om Kou- ue Ga uiicko o mupal?, Bupowem, BO3MOxKHO (XOTA H C MeHBIleli BepoATHOc- TbIO) H Apy oe OObACHeHHe, Cp. CTP. 63 9TOH cTaTEH. Haspanue Jiepo o npu oka Y ps Topyo s sacTaBiieT BCNOMHUTb MHO- ouucenuble Oa iTHiickue TOMOHUMBI c KOpHem ga d-, HeKOTOpHIe OOPpasiipl KOTOPBIX Ha C/laBAHCKOli TeppHTOpHH y2xKe OTMeyaHCh (CM. Ga dejxi). [pe - nomoxenue 0 OaliTHiickKoM MpoucxoxAeHuu Topgo s c aeT ocoOeHHO Bepo- SATHBIM, CCIM yuecTb ABHO OasITHiicKy!0 TONOHHMAKy sTO O palioHa HM OOpaTHTS BHUMaHHe Ha cybduKc, Coo6paxxenwe MogoOwo o po a 3acTaBJ eT BUeTb GanTuiicKuil SeMeHT HM B HasBaHMM MpaBo o npuToKa Basysb Canu a u B npu oke PxaTa Unua e (ecTb 4 OHOMMeHHOe o3zepo). SacuyxkuBaeT BHUMa- HUA MIpoBepka c OasITHlicKOH TOUKM 3peHHA TAaKUX THAPOHHMOB, Kak Jlo6b (B ce- Bepo-3allagHom y ay MockoscKoii o6sacTH; cp. Mpycckoe o3sepo Lobyn, J1u- oscKyio peky Lobinis o au . lébas_,,pycuo‘', »y ay6enne‘), Jlepxa (B PoxepcKom paiioue; cp. Ju . di zis, di Zingas ,,nasKuii‘‘), JlycauKa (mpa- Bbiii mpuToK Mockspl K 3allay o Moxalicka; a ecb xe ZepesHa Jlycocs)'%, moxe ObiTb, Cmegpa (mpappii mpuToK Oxu, cp. au . Smaid- iai, mpycck. Smedeyn, Smedy hen, Smydyn, Smaydega bs 4 1.1.) 4 2p. Bo ee mou- HO HM NOspoOHO GanTulicKMe SueMeHTHI B pyccKOl TONOHHMHKe OyAyT uccue- JOBaHb! HaMM B Apy oM mec Te. Jlui coc aBeHue JOcTaTOWHO MOLpOOHOM KapTb! OaJiTHiicKUX TONOHHMOB Ha pyCCKHX TeppHTOpHAX MoMO IO ObI OCylllecTBHTb AucbdbepeHunpoBaHAbli noyxoy K cbakTaM, COOpaHHBIM c O poMHbIx eppHTopHii Benopyccuu, 3a- naquoli H OTYacTH UeHTpasbHOH Poccuu. Bo scHkom culyyae, aHasIH3 NOMO Obl BEILeUTD XOTA Obl AOMHMHHpyloMlMe CMOBOOOpas0BaTeJbHbIe MOJeM BHY- Tpu Bce o sTo o mpocTpancTBa. B cBoi0 ONepe b 9TO (KAK H 4HCTO JeKCH- uecKHe laHHble) MOSBO/MJO Obl MOCTABHTb elle OAM ypesBbMaiHO CyllecTBeH- Hb BOMpoc O AMa/eKTHO! MpHHagexHocTH Oa/THiicKOl TONOHMMMKA yka3saH- HEX OO acTeli, KOTOpad NO TpayMUMH MHOFMMH CYHTaeTCH JMTOBCKOM HH (uiupe) BocTowHO-GasTHicKOH. [lo namiemy aly6oKomy yOexJeHuIo, OCHOBaHHOMy He TOJIbKO Ha H3yue- HHH TOMOHHMUKH, HO H Ha pxige coobpaxeHuli Goslee OGule o xapakTepa (AaH- 11 Cu. G. Ge ullis, Die al p euBischen O snamen, Be lin-Leipzig, 1922, c p. 47, 87, 95; H. A. Copo ne, Teo papuyeckuii Cnosaps zpesueli )Komoii cKol semau 16 c oneTus, Buabua, 1888, c p 86; J. Endzelins, La ijas PSR ie a di, Riga, 1956, c p. 336-337 4 mp. 12 B o HomlenHu sTuMOsO uH HasBaHHi Pyanpcka u Papin MbI COmHAAapHsHpyemcaA C BSPA- namu $1. Sugszenuna u 9. Openkesa (cm. Die bal ischen Sp achen, Heidelbe g, 1950, cp. 63-66) H OTBep aem TOUKY SPeHHA, BHAAMLyIO 3 ecb HasBanHe oToB (O. Xepmann, P. Sx610m H Ap.) 13 Cm. G.Ge ullis, Y«a3. cou., e p, 91—93; cp. Tak2xKe MHOFONHCJIEHHY!O BOCTOHO OasTHiicky!0 TONOHHMHKY C STHM 2Ke KOpHeM. 59 uble 10 ApeBue-GalTHlickoll WHasleKTONO HH, OTCYTCTBHe TaK Ha3bIBAeMbIX Te- PeXOMHBIX CJlaBAHO-BOCTOYHO-GaJITHHCKHX TOBOPOB, YeTKOCTh H3BeCTHBIX Gas- TO-CJlaBAHCKUX TpaHHll, HEKOTOpbIe aHHble O XpOHOJO HM CHaBAHCKHX 3aHM- CTBOBaHHli B JIMTOBCKOM H JIaTBILICKOM A3bIKax* 4 7.y.), GOasTulicKan TonO- HHMHKa paccMaTpuBaeMbIX OGJacTel OTHOCHTCH Ckopee K 3amaqHo-OanTulicKuM AMaseKTaM, 4eM K BOCTOYHO-OaJITHIickuM (pasyMeeTcs, Bcé 9TO BepHo AMID B TOM cJlygae, KO a Mex Ay ABYMA BeTBAMH Ga/THiicKHX JuaNeKTOB cyulecTBy- eT pasiuu e), B uspecTHOH cTeneHH B Tlomb3y TakO O npeAnonoxenua mo an Obl TOBOPHTb JIeTONHCHbIe WaHHBIe O anHHsax ( ouayb) Hw TONOHMHYeCKHe HpHMepsi, co ep»kaiue KopeHb *galind-, Oguako nocie KpuTHyecKo o pa36o- pa M. ®aemepom yxe ynomuHaBulelica pado s A. MU. Codonencko o ake ap y- MeHTHI ObWIH Ob! CMUUKOM Hey6equTe HbiMH. Tlos omy ayame H36paTb Apy oi TYTb— HCKJNOUNTEbHO JIMHTBUCTHYeCKHi. OguuMm 3 HaHGonee yOequTeIbHBIX ap yMeHTOB B NOb3y 3anaqHo-Gal- THHcKOH MIpHHajJiexHOCTH TOMOHHMoB paccmMaTpHBaemoli TePpHTOpHH ABIAIOTCA Ha3BaHHA, COsep2xalli e B CeOe SleMeHT CO 3HayeHHeM ,,peKa‘’. Kak M3BeCTHO, BOCTOYHO-OaITHiicKHe JMaeKTbI B OTHOUIeHHH (poHeTH4ecKo o Bua KOpHa sTO O CJOBA MpOTHBOCTOSIT sanaqHo-OanTHiickKuM: suT. Wpé, sTU. upe: Mpycck. ape (oTmeyeHo B OubOun ckom Caopape, 62 4 B esIoM paye Tono- HUMHYeCKHX HasBaHuli MpyccKoll TeppuTopuu). C oBpo ape cKppiBaeTca B Ha3Ba- Huu MpaBo o mpu oka Bo u )KyKonb, 3acTaB AIowlem Mpesnona a h Gau . Zukape ,,pbi0was pea‘ (xapakTepHo, ¥TO u MepBas YacTb sTO O ciOBa Belle Hac B Mpyccky o oOuacTb, cp. upycck. suckis ,,ppiGa‘‘ upu au . Zu is, a u. zu s, zi s!®, D o xe COBO BXOJUT B COCTaB Ha3BaHUuA peku Yxena, mpo e- kaiouleli B IOxHoBcKom paiione Cmomenckoli o6macTu (e BMecTo.o 13 *a oObacHaeTCaA Bo3szelic Buem 3ByKa Z!°), Hakone, HasBaHne mpapo o mpuToKa BepxHe o Teyeuusd J[Henpa-Bonu, xo a u MoxeT TeopeTHuecKH OTpaxkaTh Kak ape, Tak H upé, Oolee BeposTHO Npeqnona ae mpyccKoe caoBo!?, Io psay coopaxkeHuii MbI He Mpuuncaaem cioqa xe Heponam o, 8 Ha3sBaHnu koTopol A. Possagosckuli BuqUT yKa3aHHoe npyccKoe c0B0!8, Cep esubie TpyqHocTu BDISBIBACT MHTeplpeTaluA HasBaHAA HaMOosee SHAYHTeMbHO! peKH, cosep Ka- ule o KOpeHb CO 3HayeHHem ,,Boja‘‘. Mpl uMeeM 3 ecb B Bu y Yny (cp. eé 34 Towne CTapbix pa6o , cp. HoBBIe HeceqoBanua B. KunapcKo o, B KOTOpEIx oco6yio Pollb u paloT Bompock! xpoHoso nu: Ch onologie des ela ions sla obal iques e sia o in- noises, RESL, 24, 1948, c p. 29—47; The Ea lies Con ac s o he Russian wi h he Finns and Bal s,— Ox o d Sla onic Pape s, 3, 1952, cTp. 67—79; Hin angeblich al us- sisches Lehnwo im Li auischen, — S udi bal ici, 9, 1952, e p. 238 —243; Su la ch o- nologie de quelques al é a ions phoné iques en sla e. — Scando-Sla ica, 1, 1954, c p. 19-21; O xpouono un caapano-uncKkux seKcnuecKux oTHomenui ,— Scando-Sla ica, 4 1958, e p. 127—136 u ap. +5 U o xe Kacue ca suemen a Zuk-B TaKHx JMTOBCKHX cioBax, Kak Zukmis as, Zukspa nis, Zukl¥s, To 3pecb, BHJHMO, MIPHXOJHTCHA AYMaTb O 3aHMCTBOBAHUH HH 06 OUeHb. PeCAKOM jHaseKTHOM pumepe. © Cm, M.V asme . Yxas, cou., e p. 22. Jlio6onpi H0, 470 HB a om culoBe neppasd 4acTb. BTHMOJIO H3HpyeTca Jiyume Bce o MpyccKHMyu CpezcTBaMH. 7 Tax aymaio M. @acmep, yxas. cou., c p. 2} T. Jlep-CnnapuucKui, yKa3, cow, C p. 65 (aBHO owHOouHa s umoso ua E. ©, Kapcxo o:x Bon ). 48 J. Rozwadowski, Yxas, cou., c p.9, 60 mpu ok Ynep a, oOpiyHo u HOpupyembili ucceqoBaTeaMu, a TakxKe He cOB- cemM sicHble Ha3BaHHA peK To o xe paliona Bumps, Beinpelika, cp. Haspanue slu oscko o o3epa Upa as B Sapacaiickom paiione?). M. Pacmep u ueKo o- pble Apy e yuenbie BbIpaxkayIH COMHEHHe B TpaquUMOHHOM conocTaBleHHH c TMT. Upé, JTW. upe u3-3a (boHeTHYeCKHX MIpH4YMH (H3 YKa3aHHbIX BOCTOUHO- ©alTHlicKUx CJIOB Noyansocb 6s *Vopb; c Apy oi cTopoubi, TpyAHO AyMaTE ‘06 O¥eHb MO3qHeM 3aMMCTBOBaHHH pyCCKHMM STOO Ha3BaHHs; BO BCAKOM culyyae, HCTOpHyecKHe JaHHble O KO/IOHH3ALLHH CaBAHCKMMHM MlemMeHaMH 93THX SEMeJIb CTOANH Obl B MpOTHBOPeWMH C XpoHONO Heli usBeCTHEIX (boHeTHYeCKUX Mpoueccos). IIpapga, B nocwequee Bpema T. JIep-CnuapuncKuli cHopa Bepnyu- A K cTapomy oObacHeHMIO (ykKa3. co¥., cTp. 65, 176), ccbimaicb Ha Mo Me- uennbi H.C. Tpy6euxum (Z sIPh. 14, 1937, e p. 353-354) nepexog —B u- (mepex, co sjacHbim) B oBopax STHx MecT. O Hako HeKoTOpble xpoHo.lo u4ec- Ke CoOOpaxkeHUA He MO3BO/MIOT HaM CUHTaTb BOMpoc O MpoucxoxeHuH Ha3- BaHua Ynbi OKOWYATeIbHO pellieHHbIM. TouHO Tak Ke MpegcTaBseTcA pucKo- BaHHBIM YTBep%KeHHe O TOM, YTO Ha3BaHHe pekH Kacnas B CmosencKoli oG/acTH Co epxKUT B ceGe aiemeHT Upé>*spé. Jipy uM BaxKHbIM TOMOHHMMYeCKHM THOM, OOHapyxXHBaloMIMM salayHo- Gas ulickoe MpoucxomJenHe, AB/IAIOTCA Takue Ha3BaHuA, Kak Manes (peka B Bexkekom pa ione), Mona (B Kaayxckoi o6aacTH), MoxeT ObiTb, HeKOTOpbie H- “pouume /[Henposcko o Gaccelina, NozBep iu eca MepeocmpicseHuIO u cy(ppuK- caJibHbiM u3MeHenusim: Manuka, Manuk, Manuxea u T. a. 1°, B s ux HasBaHuax HECOMHEHHO CKPpbIBaeTCH TOT Ke KOpeHb, ITO H B MpyCcKoM CJloBe pannean ,,mo- seb uch® (Sb6un ckuli Cosapb, 288), cpaBHuBaemplii c o ckuM ani , , pasb‘‘, Up.-cake. eni ,,6ono o‘‘, ap.-nuy. pa ika ,, pasb‘, ,,6ouloTo', Ap.-upa. an »boga’ x T. X. °. B BocTouHo-OasiTHiickux JMadleKTax COOTBETCTBYIOUIee CJIOBO HIM MOMMOCTHIO OTCYTCTBYeT, HH ABJIMeTCH ATBAXKCKUM 3aHMMCTBOBAHHEM (cp. aT. qual. paniabiidé ,,poq pu6a, pac yme o Ha Gomo ax u B Apy ux cpippix Mec ax‘‘*!, Wu epecHo, ¥TO B KaYecTBe TOMOHHMa STOT KOpeHb BCTpe- YaeTCA TOJIbKO B OG/aCTH pacipocTpaHeHUA sallaqHo-OaJITHlicKux [MaseKTOB- cp. Panyen B opjeHcKux JoKymen ax 3a 1267 og, NombcKoe HasBaHHe MIpH- ToKa KupcHel (ToxKe sanaqHo-GalTulickui ujpoHum)—Ponie u3 ATBAxKCKO O *Pania u T. 2. Oguum w3 HaHOo lee yOeqHTeIbHBIX ap yMeHTOB B NOJb3y HaJIM4uA Ha TeppuTopuu sallagHol PoccHu HyApoHHMOB 3aMaqHO-OaNTHiicKo o Tuna sABIa- JoTCA HHKeM MOKa He OTMeyeHHbIe HasBaHuA C a6na (C a6enka) —mpaBuil upu oK Jlnenpa B pai one Cmonencka, C aGua- esiii npu ok J[Henpa, C a6- Hula-MpaBbii npuTok Bpoguu (npu ox Bepesmusi cupasa)®, B Hux MbI BHAUM 7 Cm. II, Mam akos, Cnucox pex ZIwenposcko o Gacceiia, CII6, 1913, c p. 5; 31, 206, 215, 228. 20 Cm, Takxe uup. Pannonia, *1 Cm. K. Biga, Kann man Kel enspu en au bal ischem Gebie nachweisen ?—Rocz- nik Slawis yczny, 6, 1913, c p. 37; Ais iskos kilmés Gudijos ie o a dziai, c p, 35—36. Tpyano CKa3aTb 4TO-/1H60 ONpeeAHeHHOe O CJHHHYHOM JITHI. pane, 2 Cm. Tl. Mam akos, YKa3. cou, e p. 3, 29, 97; MH, OpaoscKkud, Kpa kaa Teo paiua Céoneucko& yGepnun, Cmonenck, 1908, c p. 21, 61 OanTulickuii Kopenb s ab-, KoToppii TobKO B 3aMagqHo-OalTHlickoli O6acTH COXpaHHs 3HayeHHe ,,KamMeHb“ (cp. mpycck. s abis, Q1b6uu ckui Culopapp, 32) H TO/IbKO 3/e€cb yMo peO.isle cA B KayecTBe TOMOHHMa (cp. S aba as, S aba- yen, S abegode, S abelauken (s suT. ec b S ablaukis), S abelow, S abin- gen, S abyno il e, S abuni en®). Xapax epuo, uT0 pay mpycckux Ha3BaHHi, Kak 4 MpyccKuii annesns Tus s abni-,,neub‘ (uz *s abiné ), HenocpeqcTBeHHO yka3biBa oT Ha (bopMy, KOTOpad Jie ia B OCHOBY MpHBeJeHHBIX Bbillie uAp- HumoB CmoJleHcKoli o6acTu: *S ab-in-a>*S abpna>C a6ua. BoJiee cnopHo cBHJeTe/bCTBO TaKHX TOMOHHMMYeCKUX HasBaHHli, Kak Cha, Tenepb Com (seBbili npuToK J[Hempa), HaxOAAMMX COOTBeETCTBHE U3 BCex Gail- THHCKHX ASbIKOB JIHIUb B MpycCKOM suge ,,/0xK 1b‘ (eCJIH 9TO COBO cpaBHH- BaTb, KaK j@JlalOcb paHbille c p.-B.-Hem s igan u T. y.%4); unin JlykTEI— Repesua B Jlopo o6yxkckom paiione, Ha3BaHHe KOTOpOH cKopee co slacyeTca Cc mpycckum Luk e, yem c auTosckum LukS as “au saTeuuckum Luks e™, u gp. HecomuenHo, 4TO Ja IbHeMe HcCJleqOBaHHA NOMOLYT BbIABHTb HOBbIe 3a- Nlaguo-GaJITHlickHe S/leMeHTbI B PyCCKOH TONOHHMHKe, Tlocaequui Bompoc, Ha KOTOpOM XoOTeOcb Obl OCTaHOBUTb BHUMaHHe, Kaca- eTCH XPOHOJOPHH 3aHMCTBOBaHUA pyccKHMH OaJITHHCKHX TOMOHHMMYeCKHX Ha3- BaHuli. Hanuque zy6neTos Tuna Jlyyeca-Jlykeca, NowHO acHbix (popM Hapsazy C HeMOMHO acHbIMH, IpHMepoB C TaBTOCHJIa6H4YeCKHMH HOCOBbIMH CO laCHbIMH H C HOPMaJIbHBIMH BOCTOUHO-C/laBAHCKMMH pe(pieKcaMH co eTaHHH , ,TiacHp i+- HOCOBOH co lacublii’, a TakKxKe CHTYAallMH, NOSBO/MIONIMe MpOBepHTb OTpa kenHe u; k ug’; j u dj u 1.2. B 3a4MCTBOBAHHBIX C/laBAHAaMH GaJITHHCKUX HagBaHHAX, WalOT BO3MOXKHOCTb OCYMECTBUTb XOTA Obl MpeABapHTe/IbuyIO XpOHOMO HyecKyIO upepenu aunio yKa3aHHbIx ToMoHHMOB. Kpome To o, 9TH ABJeHHA MO yT ObITh HEKOTOPbIMH BeXaMH, MO KOTOPbIM Mbl CYAMM O (POHETHYeCKOli KapTHHe 3bIKa CJlaBAH TO O MepHoO a, Ko a OHH BCTpeTHJMcb Cc OaJTuiickHMH Iieme- HaMH Ha TeppHTopHu Besopyccuu u 3alaqHol Poccuu. Cy Tb s oi KapTHHbl gakJouaeTCA B TOM, YTO ele cyulecTBOBaIM AupTOHTH u yu oHTHuecKHE Co eTaHHA C HOCOBbIMH COFIaCHbIMH; CO eTaHHA TuNa e u j, dj ocTaBa- JIMCb HeTPOHYTBIMH; & eile He Mepellio B y. Bcé s o we ko MpoBepseTcA Ha GasiTHlicKHX TOMOHHMUYeCKUX 3aHMCTBOBAHUAX y C/laBAH. Takoe COCTOAHHe B SBOJIOUMH CMAaBAHCKOM (boHOMO MYeCKOH CHCTeMBI, Tpe ebHO 61u3Koe K GasTHiicKoMy, Kak uM TOT (paKT, 4TO OFpOMHaa YacTb OalTHicKo o H CaBAHCKOFO KOpHeCJIOBa COBMaaeT, 3HAYHTEJIbHO 3aTpyAHAeT BbICHeHHe BCeX CJleqOB Oa/ITHHCKOH TOMOHHMHKH Ha pycCKHX TeppHTopHAX 23-Cm, G. Ge ullis, Die al p euSischen O snamen, c p. 171—172. Cp. akxxe B. H. Tonopos, yKa3. c a ba (0 TONOHHMax c KOpHeM s ab= H 06 OTHOUIeHHH HX K TOMOHH- Mam Cc KopHem akmen- B eo paduueckom naHe), 4 Ecan Ke g ABAETCA 3 ecb paduyeckuM BapHaHToM j (Kak B cugis, cp. 1HT. kijis, cnas. kyjp), To c mpycckum suj-, noxanyi, c esopao Obl cpaBHuTh ujponum Cys. Hezap- HO GblI0 yOenHTeNbHO NoKa3aHO, 4YTO MpyCcK, suge HY2KHO MOHUMaTb, Kak sijé Cm. E ic P. Hamp, OP uss. Soye ,, ain“, KZ 74, 1956, c p. 127—128. Dopma soye o meyena B pa- 6o e E, He mann, Eine unbeach e e Ube lie e ung des p eussischen Vokabula s Simon G unaus, Go ingen, 1949. 25 Onuako 3 ecb ocTaeTcA H BOSMOKHOCT Apy o o OObACHeHHA HasBaHHaA JlykTl, npaBya, MeHee BeposTHo o. Cm. M, Vasme , yka3. co¥., CTp. 21. 62 H MpelATCTByeT BO MHOFMX c/lyyanx YCTaHOBJeHHIO CKOMBKO-HUOYAb TBEpALIX KpHTepHeB JIA pasiMyeHHA OaJITHHcKUx HM CaBAHCKHX Ha3Ranuii. B camom Mesle, Kak. HallpMMep, PellHTb BOMpOc O ASbIKOBOM MpHHa JiexKHOCTH Ha3Ba- HUA pekH: PxaTb (B P2xeBckom paiioue), Ko a axe cTapple HasBaHun Pxesa (Pxesa, Pxopa, Pxeska u T.J.) HIM TONOHMMH! Tua Pxasa, Pxaska He MO yT aTb HMYe O Oosbile, YeEM MpeqNOOxUTS KOHeyHyIO (popmy * udj- (>* bZ-), KoTOpad B paBHOH cTeneHH MOxeT ObiTb GasTHLCcKOi H CAaBAHCKOM? TouHo Tak 2ke yMOMAHYTbIM BbILIe KOpeHb gud- H3BECTeH HE TOJIbKO B OaJITHIic- KHX, HO H B CJlaBAHCKHX A3bIKaX (cp. c.-xopB. Gacko (polje) u3 *gud — esk*6). V sopuposanue s oTo o6cTosTe ibcTBa MpHBesio K Tomy, uTo K, By a co6pan HeMaJIO TOMOHHMMYeCKHX HasBaHHli, KOTOpbIe CTO/b 2%Ke Me KO OObACHAIOTCA C Oa/ITHHicKol TOUKH 3peHHA, KaK H CO c/laBAHCKoli. B 3ToM cJlyyae Jony- weHa CepbesHad MeTOAOO HyecKad Mo pelinocTb, noAOOHaA TO, KOTOpaAa HMeJIa Obl MeCTO, CCH Obl MbI STHMOJIOTHSHPOBA/IH TONOHHMHKY COBpemeHHOH JIuTBbI C MpaclaBAHCKOM TOUKH 3peHHA (NHCTO TeOpeTHYeCcKH 3TO ObwWIO Ob BHOMHe BO3MOXKHO MO OTHOUICHHIO K 3HAYHTeJIbBHOMY KOJIMYeCTBY Ha3BaHHli). Tlos omy B sakjioyeHHe XoTeJIOcb Obl elle pa3 Mok epKHyTb MepBocTe- MleHHOe 3Ha eHHe BOMpoca O Mpe eaX BO3MOXKHOTO Mp onpesedenun Oa THHCKUX SJIeMeHTOB B pyCCKOH TONOHUMHKe. % Cu. S.Rospond, S a yg a ia oponimiczna, = ,,Z polskich s udiéw slawis ycz- nych, Wa szawa, 1958, c p. 182.