Nauji duomenys apie Skaistgirio tarmės konsonantizmą

LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE QUESTIONS, III LIBTUVOsSs TSR SCIENCES. A KABDEM. I J A NEW DATA ABOUT SKAISTGIRIO ARTICLES CONSONANTISM A. JONAITYTĖ 1959 m. July dialectological expedition in Žagarė district near Latvian The border of the TSR was discovered a kind of north-western Highland dialect, which differs from the neighboring north-western Highland dialects (Shakina, Dameliai, Dilbinai) in that it has no consonants at all š, ž, č, j. Representatives of the neighbouring dialects (Šakyna, Dameliai, Dilbinai) have noticed this characteristic of the people of Kaunas for a long time, but perhaps they have not listened well. Jų according to, skaistgiriečiai (and even the Ionians) confuse those consonants: where reikią say s, = sakā š, # ir vice versa, e.g. a sentence ,,Mother said, bring a fork“ Klaipėdiečiai say: mama šū'ke, atnėsi sake. But nowadays the consonants are no longer o mixed, everywhere they are pronounced s, 2, c, dz. The neighbors call the representatives of this schnekta the Šlekiai or Kaungiriečiai. They are called šleki because they, in the opinion of the people around them, squeezed the tongue of the šlekiuotojas — (Dilbins)*. The name of the town is mostly a — geographical name of the surrounding area. Since the name of the slėkiai is given because of the characteristics of the šnekta, in this work the šnekta of Kaunas will be called by that name. ir The area of the snout is small. It starts from the very city of Žagarė, extends east to į Lankaičiai village, so about km. 13 In the north the snails border su Latvian TSR. The southern boundary of the schneck at Žagarė reaches Žagarė — Joniškis highway (Stungifi km. on both sides of the o highway), at Skdistgiris town three to — four kilometers away from the highway south į (Kemsiū, Domeikių km.). The eastern southern boundary of ir Šlekiai area is only approximate, because due to the limited time of the expedition, the material for the interpretation of the 1 name Šlekiai is provided by the Lithuanian language dictionary. In the leaflets of Šakyna, a person called a shelkie, iš instead of speaking r . M. Slančiauskas also knows the word in tą this sense, e.g. : Lmp. I, 191 writes „to him that poured sauna cold water, he would say immediately (Gasps) "Stop, stop, stop"; "he would go so crazy when he talked" LTA 1208B 375 p. In English, the verb "to go" means "to go," "to go," "to go". : "You can't ką understand, that lion is jumping." So "slang" to surrounding speakers people, in general, su means a person with a speech defect. Iš here it could be generalized to the Klaipėdians ir schnektai, whose language in relation to the surrounding schnektai also defect su (not available) š, ž, č, (j). "Šlekis" ar „šlekys“ is found in ir many other dialects of Lithuanian language, but there it means a broken, pierced end egg margutis (Dusetos, Kamajai, Kuktiškės, ar Lyduokiai, Utena, Tauragnai, Vyžuonas etc.) ir or a sick, injured person, e.g. : "Mink worker his, that ir iš already šlekis" (Anywhere). It is possible that this is due to the ar lack of skeletal su remains. 79 There are certainly shelters in the following villages: Pabaliuosė, Daukšiuosė, Rukuižiai, Žūčiai, Bandėriai, Ramdskiai, Petraičiai, Kemsiai, Lankaičiai. Stungių village only half of the sloping, because, formerly du ar three separate villages, later merged į into one. Looks like he used to have to sleigh ir The town of Skaistgiris, because it is almost in the center of the shelter area, but now, very confused residents, the shelter is no longer heard here. jo They could also sleigh ir Reibiniū village, located nearby Kemsiū. Some traces of such sheltering are still visible in Reibiniai, but very little is difficult to say, here the old sheltering is ir disappearing, due to the ar shelters neighborhood new features ar have been obtained. Slipping south from ir į Kemsiū located in Domeikiai, only very peculiar (see section 4.4). (see below). As already mentioned, the Sleeki dialect differs from the other adjacent North-West Highlander dialects of the universal accent deflection in some of its consonant peculiarities; morphology, syntax, vocabulary more or less coincides with neighboring dialects (Dameliai, Dilbinai, ir Šakyna). ji ar su That difference, which distinguishne es Šlekius not only from the neighboring North-West Highlands universal accent deflection dialects, but also, in general, from almost all other dialects of the Lithuanian language, is the complete absence of consonants dž, č, š, £ absence. Instead of jų the consonants dz, c, s, 2, pVz. : baznt'ce ~ church, ceba'tai ~ Cebitae, cé ~ Cia, giminaicei ~ parentes, ispe" ce ~ įspėčia „įspėčiau“, ko'pli"ce ~ koplyčia, nebėkefic nebėkenčia, ~ nevazuoce nevažiuėčia ~ „nevažiuočiau“, pa‘ces pacios, pė'sces pėsčias, o~ tūsces tuščias; didzd'usis ~ didžiausis „didžiausias“, ~ graudzei gratidziai, ~ pradze mo ~ “The beginning, ~ painfully painful; ~ astuofid'lika aštuoniolika, ~ pusi'ne pišnynė, ~ širdis širdis, sienapjū'te ~ haynapiūtė, visa višta; ~ d'zuols oak, &zers ~ ~ Lake, zagū're ~ Zagūrė, zmod'gus ~ Man, star'la ~ mirror "Star ir t. t. It is located in the village of Domaikiai. There the opposite phenomenon is observed: ne here only healthy I'm going. consonan- ¢, ts dž, š, £, but ir instead of I'm going. s, 2 pronounced, §, £, e.g., example of a squeeze: zė' ė'vai, tit papa'šako'k, daugau žinai tėvai, ti papasakok, daugiaū ~ žinai; young tu as, "stuffed" tū nijau, you". pa I said I was i, breastfeeding when I was very ~ young. (I got married), I didn't know if much about the puffs; iš dia va'landaš, mu Su d'ugime adi'naš ~ dabai valandos, our growth adynos; out of a : dreadful bush grew the ~ dreadiest bush; shkaust A Pain bo'žna day ~ hurts ir hurts hurts kėžną (each) dina; ready de rh vi Skar$, a'ukša blood fu an _Kru neš, ti d'uksa štazda ranko', aš vi Skupa šūtikau ~ pasirédé in the eyes of the bishop, the golden kry7ium afit chest, gold rod in rafting; the aš bishop I met; may didela Su It was a very ~ large sea-goose. (Written iš Felixienés Paugienés, 70 about m., originated iš Domeikiy km. ir flowing į Reibinius). It is also possible to add the inscription of the Skaistgiris cemetery cross, as ir lk. : Con ilses body Kazimiero Guns N' Roses. Kemšių (= Kem). In this net I'm going. in the inscription also has such elements of squealing (the inscription was made about m.). 1920 The reason for this variation is not known. But, perhaps, this is because In the past, the term was used to refer to the hypernormality of the normal. ir O if it were true the statement of the representatives of the surrounding schnekts, that the sleki at least in s, z ir §, Ž the past mixed consonants, then Domeikiai would have summarized everywhere š, £, o all other area — s, 2. That earlier these consonants could be mixed, part ir confirms iš the other ir data of “speaking” 80 Lithuanian speakers, e.g. Ašašnykų, Kabelių ir Musteikos (Varėnos raj.) kaimai®. Iš of all it should be emphasized that any § flying is now quite extinct. Only older people are jumping, not everyone. ir There are several reasons for the decline. First of all, this I'm going. the influence of speaking through schools, various institutions, ir radio, press, etc. In addition, the population mixture has a significant impact on the ir decline of squealing — po I-yo, o especially po World War II large population į šį area have moved iš elsewhere. Ir third reason all the — surrounding schnettes brightgriečius squealing už terribly mocks them imitates, for example, ir for this purpose known such a saying: sė'ses sė'ses, sėsi zė"nai igutaise so'ki šėšios sėsės, šeši zėnai ~ (boys) if fixed the dance. Best sleigh held in Ramėškiai, Rukuižių ir In the villages. It is difficult to explain this characteristic of Klaipėdians. There are no such consonants in adjacent dialects. There are also no special natural barriers that would have separated the Šleks from the other neighboring dialects and thus ir contributed to the linguistic differences, only that there may have been more forests in the past. It is also unlikely that the squealing is the result of the influence of the Latvian language, because: 1. Then you should squeeze all Latvian TSR border, o that, far from it, is not, for example, the village of Pabalifi, located about one kilometer from Zagare east, į squeezes, themselvo es The ir villagers of Zagarie on the western side of Žagarė say that the palace villages are not at all. 2. Latvian in dialects bordering the Slēķis area su (Tērvete, Bukaiši, Mežamuiža, Vilce) consonants are even there, no š, ž ir mixture is č noticeable, e.g.: ir čupa krūva, jų čiska snake, forties forties, iždvėr izžavėt išdžiovinti, — žadruve džiovykla, — šudvakar toįvakar, šūplis — lopšys, nepatikšanas ~ nemalonumai?. — — — — — It can also be mentioned that ir 1958 m. During the MA Latvian dialectological expeditions no such consonant mixtures were observed in the mentioned places. (Based on Latvian TSR MA The Institute ir of Latvian Language and Literature, Department of Dialectology. m. k. M. Cereals ir M. "Brennan". However, for a definitive denial of the influence of Latvian language, it would be necessary to investigate the dialects of the Latvian villages bordering on the Slēķi su villages to find correspondences. ir But, on the other hand, both the mentioned Latvian areas and the Slēķis area are part of the old Zimgalian inhabited area®, so if the Latvian border research would give corresponding results, then they ir would speak Latvian, perhaps rather in ne favor of o the influence of the Zimgalian language, because š, £ absence is characteristic of Latvian, ne Zimgalian o language. Buga, speaking about the ancientness of the Lithuanian į uprising in Žiemgala, writes: ,,...If the Lithuanians had opened up Ziemgalon just po 900 years, then they would say those place names here *Sesevė, *Svėtė, *Mūsa...“ *. O today's slicks are characterized by this ir pronunciation. 23.A. Good rep, Cnejnbi npepnnx IlpycoB H ux s3bika B I'm gonna get you, Hsny Mary the Little Sisbika H caosecocTd Mmm. A. Hayk, XVI, T. ku. 4, 160, 3 Livija Bi¢ole, MeZamuiZas izloksne, FBR, XII sējums, Riga, Latvia, 1999. 1932; J. Tambergs, Bénes's dialect, FBR, XVI session, Riga, 1936. 4 See. Dictionary of 133-141 Slang. ir B. T. [Tam ro, y OGpasoBanne JaHTOBCKOroO rocynaperea, map Jlutosckoe rocygapcrBo B XIII Beke H B Mepsoii nojiosuke XIV Beka, after 1341 Mocksa, 1959 5 K, Būga, Dictionary of Lithuanian Language, I, 141, Kaunas, 1924, 6, Questions of Linguistics, III 81 Thus, it would appear that the slaughtering could completely be the legacy of the old Wintergalls. However, one thing is doubtful here: the area inhabited by the Zimgalians was much larger than the area of the current už Slekies, so it would be difficult to explain why the Zimgalian characteristics did not remain in a larger area. It should also be mentioned that the Slėkiai dialect is not the only dialect of the Lithuanian s, z language that is pronounced in the place š, š. Similar phenomena can be found in ir other parts of Lithuania, e.g. : In the farm of Ašašnykai (Šašininkai) in Kabeliai district, Varena district, most of the older generation I'm going. §, £ also almost always pronounced s, £, e.g.: zūsis goose, ~ zėmė zemė, ~ žuvis fish, asarūkas ~ hedgehog, sasi šeši, ~ salis country, ~ siras this*?. ~ ~ Be therefore, ir on the farthest island of Lithuanian language, Zietela, the same iš characteristic is also partly found ta in words, e.g.: za'sis goose, zvė'ris ~ ~ Zvéris, bazni'če ~ bažnyčia, zoivis || žbrvis ~ Žuvis, svaizdė" || žvaizdė" "Star and ir a few others". These snickers š, š lack is associated su with the jotvingi® or even Prussians who lived in those places (Zietelos)®. Ir if some features of the Jotvingian language could have survived there to our days, then perhaps the Slek could have retained ir traces of the Zimgalians. For the final determination of the origin of the squeezing, it would be necessary to collect tą all historical data concerning ir the area in to the entire toponymy. This has not been to possible so far, so the conclusion about the ir origin of the leakage remains hypothetical. Texts I. Riddles jiioc kai, 1. spd'ks, vi'na smd'ks, @kmina širdis (vi'sne) 2. d'zuols d'zuols a'zuoli'ns, an. "You," I say, "you're," an. You say "po", lizde'li, katram nezde po Rausė'li (kana'pe) 3. širūks būks vo kietitks po", "pusi'nes kaulas ga'na (sighs) 4. Ska'mb call on uksta _d kd Ina, you killed the children, no, you gave them birth. (bazni ces vay ps) dit jriodvarnei kélu éin 5. (cebū'tai) | 6. sto kartė' kai, "papūtes, isein lauka kai, "pašūtes — (sd'utuls) II. 1998-1999 The song 1: begins with the words: "I'll be there, I'll be there, I'll be there, I'll be there, I'll be there, I'll be there, I'll be there, I'll be there, I'll be there, a, I'll be there, I'll be there, lu I'll be there, I'll be there, I'll be there, I'll be there, I'll be there, I'll be there, I'll be there, I'll be there." 6 D, A BoabTtep, Crean apepnux IlpycoB H Hx sisbika B I'll be back, sir. That's it. pycckoro s3bika M_caosecnoctd Mmm. Oh. Hayk, XVI, T. ku. 4, 160, CIIb, 1912; J. Senkus, Nauja medžiaga apie lietuvių kalbos tarmes, LTSR MA Scientific Works, series A, 1, Vilnius, 1955; J. English Grammar, English Grammar, I, 353 —354, Warsaw, Poland 1958. i ? Material taken iš A. "The Middle Ages: A Study of the Romanticism". 8 J. English Grammar, English Grammar, I, 354, Warszawa, 1958. 28 D. A. Boas Tep, p. 157 of the aforementioned article. 10 In songs, much less common dislocation of the old unpronounė po ! ced limb į a, than in everyday spoken language, In songs also much less ends are shortened for rhyme, rhythm consideratioir ns, dukréle aca Rusi, graudzei apsiverkusi, palidéjau 82 ziede li, rvii'tw vainiké' li, pali-dé'jau jd'unas dienas sulig $uo party | (Vestuvinė, dainuojama grįžus iš šliūbo) a'zuolė'lis 2. d'ugdamas, iseina pani‘téle girė'lėj svi'ruūodamas, i, duod bd'Ita ranké'le, ori atid] adj Ši nezad? ki mané's, mo'tusd te, raitd ju pulkeé lis ddr as jauna tebė'su, par. "There's no way I'm going to be able to do it," said the young man, "because I don't want to be in the middle of it." Sur h-guw lauké lu, ddr nekū'?tau ugné les, isiski‘re ddr nedirbdi tas dū jauni brold cet nawjo' ses stakld tes, is tur jaunu" pulkė'le | dd' ned'ustas dro'bd'tes | prijéje prė“, dvaréle, kad, As ir ké1su rite li, pré_margiju® vartélu, kad. as kifiu ugnéle, ir. sein isein.kad ismė'git'šu sėna mūdtusd'te, nauja'ses stakld tes, atkel md-rgus vartelus/kad, isd usu drobd‘tes | (Wedding, sings the girl, waiting for the young man) sesd'te mit'su, pakol pailsa aundji mi‘ su, sirmi 3. J 2irgé lei, ko" iseini pakol padila no'(is) tū mo'tusd'tes klūė'va vazé lei | | a. I'll be with you, your uncle, my young lady, I'll find you, and. je ka th Mo'tė'le| until you get used | to my:lčė*Ė mi'lė'je find tetūsi, and. tradesmen, non-profits; BH geis lauké leis ir mo tiné "la, da'r palidéje, nepa'rkalbama | | 11 In the memory of the singer, the young man atjodaves raitas to ji the bride, ledédave vien riding men, 12 According to the singer, the gates were stained because during the wedding they were embraced with wreaths, sprinkled with greenery, flowers, 83 r=. crying, sitting, standing, ri'tė'li, hurting, in the heart, not hurt, young, day, lu, creating, ughia'la, will, rueélu, nerd'ginama, aré, lum, butiia*la, washing, with,_jranko'- | vé" lum, | slurping | (Vestuving) 4. austriile béaustanti, nerd pinkis, matusé-le, sauli-té-le bétekanti, nerd pinkis, sengalvé-le, galvé'le beskaustanti kur isld'isi dukré lel rid' pino'si | mo'tinéle, zalo's &gles sé ses lentas, rit pino'st sengalvé-le, juodo's zė'mes vieta svaja, kūr isld'išu dukrė'le| tai, mana téviské'le | ar ARE Ina kalnuzé'li, kaspinė'lei blizguoné-lei, ar jį, mauji'ji dvaré'l, zalūoj rittw vainiké lis, ar. jį, vilniaus miesté'li | tai, mana parė'kėlis | Written from Elzbieta Pranciulytė, born 1875, illiterate, Kemsiai km. 1959 m. 5. that, "I've been to, "berzi'na, par, "lienė'le ant, _mustré les, uz. Berzi'na dvi sto'vė'je, par, pmakiė'le ant. _varté les, Viena būva mo'tinė'la, par, „dienė'le mustravd'jau, antra mana merguzé-la par_nakté'le vartavdjau merguzé'la graudzei verke, muskieté'la simta | sva'ru", mo'tinė'la | da'r graudė'snei | dd $o'bld'te prė', sald tes, o' md tina, mo'tiné'la, reike nésti kuo, told usei kd'm ti mani paauginai ir, imėsti kuo, „gild'usei | ant, „vargč'lu", ru'pestėt lu, ant. ‘graudztiju’ asaré lu |: You'll be fine with it. zuvd'tė'm, su,_zalums- == . » um li*dekd té'm, nebii't 5 vargu' né_vargélw, nekenté jes nė", kri'zė'lu | (Rekrūtinė) sladau, sladau kiema o' midurč"li, Id'ukau didze pulkė'le | o' "When I saw it, I was afraid of the great army 80° le | nenusiga’ skis, jauna merguzé-la, geip didis ne pulkė'lis o', ,cė visi penki, o's | pac sestasis, se'kmas mana zirgélis o'_acitrd uki, jd'unas bernuzé'li, nétufu mo'tinė'las | | ésu nūveik siratė'la, ésu naslaité'la, nétufu mo'tiné las aukstame kalné' li duobd'tė", te'n mana mo'tusė'la eišu prė',,kalnė'le, priliu pre: | _duobi'tes, budi Su mo'tusė'la | kelkis, mo'tinė'la, sirdies patieké la, as ra'u | pasiklo fio'Su) actrd-uk, dukteré'la, mana siraté'la, tū ma'n aciklo'no'jei | no“, Jentė“lu* & mei, i „grabė'li dė'jei, tu ma' aciklo'no'jei | gilo'jo i, „girč'le, zald'ji liepė'le te'n tava mo'tinė'la rumpis | ne, mo'tuose, sakas ne, rankė'les, fopė'lei ne. zo'dė'lei | Written from Joana Jariene, 65 years old, Rukuiziai km., 1959 Hobbie Jahbee o Kohchohath3me Ckakcithpckoto Robopa A. II, Highness Pestome Bo Bpemsi ĮnaJieKkTOJIOTHUeCKOH skcmepuuuu B 1959 r. B)Karapckom pafione B okpectHOcTAX ropojika Ckaiicrrupuc, OJiK3b rpannusi Jlatsuiickoii CCP | GbiJI OOHapy KeH HHTEpeCHbiK TOBOp CeBepo-3amafHbiX aykKmiTaHTOB. OT cocejįHHX AyKINTAKTCKHX TOBOPOB OH OTJIHY4a6eTCS CBOHM KoHCOHaHTH3MOM. B 3TOM TOBOpe BOBCe HeT coryiacHeiX Š, Ž, Čč, dz, BMECTO HHX Be3je YVIIOTpeOJISIOTCA s» 2, ¢, dz (e.g. cebaū'tai ~ chebūtai ‘camoru- ’, džauksmas ~ džiūgsmas ‘paAOCTh', sd'utulls ~ šautuvas ‘pyxbe‘, ziema ~ ziema “anMa“), Hecmortps Ha TO, YTO 3TOT lOBOP 3aHHMaeT HeGOJIbunNYIO Miowanb (13 KM. B LaHHY H 5 —8km. B IUMPHHY- ), B HEM €CTb H CBOM pasHOBHAHOCTH. Tak B JepeBHe J[lomeliksii, 85 SIBJIAIOIMENCSH KpaliHHM IOXKHBIM EMPTY TOBOpa, TARGETBYeT OGparHOe SIBJIeHHe— TaM HET COMrJaCHbIX §, 2; OHH Be3Je 3aMeHS1tOTCS COIrJIaCHbIMH §, Ž (Hamp. krūmš ~ krūms ‘kycr’, leaf-sha- ~ ped ‘manka’ H T. A). 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Takue xe uepThl XapaKTepHbI H YOJI HeKOTOPBIX FOBOPOB 10KHOH JInuTebI (ep. Ka6sinsitAinaiunukai u Yep. Bapenckoro p-Ha, 4acTH OT TO Je caMOe sIBJIeHHe BCTPeuaeTcsi H B Jeep. 3acaun, J3araosckoro m-na, BCCP). OrcyrerBne #, §, B 9THX FOBOPaX HeKoTOpHIE JIHHTBHCTH DISCLAIMER CJeJaMH JPEBHHX SITBATOB. K craTbe npHJIOxKEHbI OPHMEPH JHAJNEKTOJOrHYECKHX TEKCTOB CKAHCTIHPeKoro rosopa.