S. Daukanto leksikografiniai darbai

Ja ah Flute.Language. TYR 9 5 QUESTIONEA S, LIEV OS TSR MOKSL U AKADEMII pce i A What, Ws SE ln Re Hi ALE Sen Bi Sp, RE ye gE el le RA RR Ar Rae ali sel ina fae T agi a LIT WARE SHARON Rai aĒo PER EE Galle), ‘ia ERE Ll Fy wl CE Ee pa FABER ty rar BeRUE RY Vienna EE G a aE | Saying ai chickens, he a, o e Ip a a k T k 3 ' Er i Viso © J. The Crisis, Sagi pi sa ie an ri S. Daukantas is — one of the most prominent and ir productive The first a. half of the 19th century Lithuanian scientists, cultural ir and literary figures. Jo activity very branched: he Ma. i ir historian, ir writer, ir folklorist, ir linguist, ir popularizer of science and FL , popular educator. Like other ir contempoto rary figures, Daukantas much jj Sh focused ir on the revitalization of the native language, the expansion of its use ir and the It's for g smoke. Daukantas, with his abundant and ir diverse work, tries to prove that the Lithuanian language, despised by the subdued clergy and ir bajor, can be written in a scientific manner. i Ši ir works of literature. In his first creation In "Works" (1822) he notes: a “I wanted to show the enemies of the Lithuanian Samogitian language, ir ą. 7 that everybody wants to write in Lithuanian, if they have speja,.lygia part as other ir It's a very beautiful language." He acknowledges that the to language of contemporary Lithuanian writings, 5% FE especially religious, is inferior to, for už example, the Polish literary language, but "so decorated Patti has been another time that today still who has the mind of a golden feather ir Homer SEN ir Virgil, he, I say, if he wants, can ka write tą cleverly cleverly in that language. ar Tą a song praising truth Donelaitis did in his honourable song — a ET "In the Seasons"®. pages 3 S. He was interested in various aspects of the Lithuanian language. He cared ir Th, general issues of Lithuanian linguistics, matters of ir language purification and improvement, various re subjects of ir literary language grammar, lexicon, spelling and other ir matters. ta This is clearly seen only ne iš jo linguistic works, articles ir notes, but ir iš other i ki jo all literary ir and cultural activities. Nors Daukantas took care of Lithuanian language matters all his life, but he devoted to them po 1840 Years After ir returning to į his native land in St. (1850), Petersburg, it became difficult to t continue his historical research®. 1842 m. in the message T. Narbutui S., Daukantas wrote: tara “First I was engaged in [historical] research; but having noticed that the work Fir requires too much expense, free time, I postponed ir the country, I jį į started ir to study the ai language itself, but in this matter I ir encounter many obstacles- ”*. See that dal time lack of language <. research went hard, gradually, because 1848 m. S. Daukantas Ya complained to the same T. Narbutui: ,,I wrote to him first that I couldn't bik 1S Daukantas, Darbay senuju Lietuwiu yr Zemaycziu 1822, 6, Kaunas, 1929. = | t Idem, 20. t EE i — A Plg. History of Lithuanian Literature, 1, 466, Vilnius, 1957. : 5 3 A © 4 Our antiquit1, 4—5 y, book, 695, Tilžėje, 1922. gt Ay SERINE i Hp | Lr RANE Be = Ls Su 2 hi p ; Li Nike ra | Aš Sis aro aus “hs | 20. Language questions, IV A A RAR sels to buy the r. = 301 Pay OYE FI a BI fh I PE i Nina ad ka a E EE i : a necessary books, I gave up on history; I had begun to explore the language but that Si ba work is not ir going on because I have to serve two masters: fill the offices | = the means ir to earn their own bread; ir They're rubbing. iš 300 Sid. algos, 4 Si which I get, could not be out of the way to cover up if ir I had no other work through | RE country'?. Just come back į In Lithuania ir separated from other works, due to the circumstances, having more and being able — to work in the field of language, he especially expresses himself as a dictionary, enriching Lithuanian lexicography with a — considerable contribution. Į lexicographi- " cal field, which for į other reasons of literary language ir development had been brought by almost all — Participants of the a. early 19th century cultural and literary movement (D. Poška, Stanevičius, S. Nezabitauskis, K. Uvainis, etc.), K. Daukantas ir was driven by language research, jo literary — activity, the desire and efforts to ir contribute to the ai ~~ development of the Mosian language. Tur bit, influenced the encourageir ment of others to draw up a Zoa = dynus, about ka iš negative side as about M. Valančius imposed work on pr | Daukantas, mentions J. Sliupas®. At the time Daukantas begins preparing the largest and 3h a most important lexicographic works (poland-lithuanian, lithuanian-latin language = post dictionaries), į deepening other ir dictionaries intensively fix vocabulary material. | ai Iš S. Daukanto lexicographical legacy, consisting of iš several manuscripts — Lietuvos TSR Mokslo Academies In the manuscript ir of the Lithuanian ir Language and Literature Institute (SD12, 13, 14, 15, 19, 27), ir one printed dictionary, pa- | 2 the following works are mentioned (here they are, except for small works and notes, try to discuss in chronological order): — a 1077 r AT that Take a EE AE | and ii fy Rr Members of Apr L pe | = 2 nd gh ar 6 1. Polish-Lithuanian language dictionary az Find hE | Ap a Be of the great third Polish-Lithuanian dictionary (see section 4.4). below), has remained low | A — format small (22 x 17,5) ir volume lenky-lietuviy languages Zodynélio's manuscript- | Fu e Thu (SD13). It starts, be begins with a letter Cz (June), baigiasi Z (Zbie- | | i gam), consists of a blue-violet iš colored double ir small sheets, cut into a large sewn notebook. | i > iš ir į Iš total numbered 391 double sheet, but missing — 1—24 (A—C), (Ch 27 end), (I—N), (P—R 52—158 beginnin163—273 g), | 275-389 (Rgalas — Wir end of the very end (Z ir Ž) leaves. They're gone somewhere. | = i There is a 12th-century part of the church. Each page a3, an | average of LY words, so po 16— 18 total iš There must have been about thousand24 Irish density of words (in the remaining part there are about du thousands). Printed on various iE pages of the manuscript (34, 42, 160) Year of paper production (1814, 1818, ji 1820) indicates that the vocabulary has been compiled po 1820 years. It must be assumed that this is one of hy the first iš S. The Duchess's Work. Must have started his literary activity (1822 m. TE write ,,Works of the Old Lithuanian ir Samogitia1824 m. ns“, į translated into Lithuanian Three Fedro pasakėtės), S. Daukantas felt the lack of a Polish-Lithuanian dictionary, which he ir decided to prepare jį himself. Based on the Polish dictionary, compiled by Polish — #odziy registry ir added Lithuanian equivalents. Some Polish words are left untranslat- = ed. It seems that the Lithuanian equivalents S. Daukantas counted the most Hid 6 Idem, 771. Lo ai + “Lithuanian writings ir scribes”, in 34, Tilžė, “But 1890: rather Varniose vysku« Yes, sir. Daukantas was burdened with futile work: a priest blinded by reading Kodainiui kasit aa done po 3 Adynas, writing a dictionary of Žemaitija in Polish, rewriting a French dictionary in i Polish, ir t. t.’. et ua ; wee L ag Rte > er | at | r Trap iš because it does not seem that he would have been very successful with the only Širvydas lenkyras K. Latin-Lithuanian dictionary. A brief comparison of the two dictionaries shows that Ph the registers of ju Polish words differ, that in many S. Daukantas gives a distincp | lazy Lithuanian equivalents, among which there are new creations of ir Samogitian words, Ly 3 e.g. :? Czeé¢ — Honor: shame; Czefto — Daznay, tunkiay: such; Czlon — Eldija; waltis; Czop wole: — kamsztis, spuntas; Dachowka — For the dumplings: stems; Dom — Namay: trobesi, numas; Diugovečnoé¢ — Long-haired: ilgamfit zybe, ilgumzybe; Giermek — Sarwanesis, fkidanefis: ginklanesis; Pokrzygol | wa — Hives: notrures or notrynes. However, so far it can not be asserted that S. Daukantas th would not have used Širvydas's dictionary at K. all. f = ii This S. Daukanto dictionary is interesting as the first lexicographic jo work. oa The dictionarjo y, at least the remaining part, is not very rich in ir words synonyms, but In these i he clearly shows that S. At the very beginning of his literary activity, Daukantas became interested in Ls in vocabulary matters, began to ir record Lithuanian words and to mobilize means of expression t: to enrich the literary language. Sk Cots aaa t ias | ni Kao a it A ee A" ia WF LP A Nr iii e WEE De It is the only printed S. Daukanto lexicographic work, jdétas 75 1838 m. booklets published , Epitome Historiae Sacrae” (Brief excerpts of the sacred history), where the words, word combinations and phrases of : the Latin excerpts are explained in Lithuanian. This is a small (42 page.) Latin-Lithuanian dictionary for reading ; the passages in the booklet. It contains 2350 about this number of Latin 250 words ir 3880 and combinations of 260 Lithuanian words and combinations. Li Some Latin words have several Lithuanian equivalents, synonyms po or more or less meaningfully related sr a words, so the number ar of Lithuanian equivalents is greater than the number of Latin — words. už For example: : ią’ 2 2 Abduco, cis, xi, ctum, cere. Krepl [=kreipiu], tęsu, pawedū, klaidinū, patų y ki Abeo, is, ivi or ii, itum, ire. paetū, prasiszalinū, prasikraustau, spudinū, sit x A traukus, atsitraukinū, nusidonginū (|). „(400 and Lavi lave, nu plaunū, masgoiū, welieill, trenkū, skalbū, zlugini, prausi, HEX skaturi (23). "Never 3) Numerous Lithuanian equivalents show The richness of Daukanto's ir vocabulary, the desire to enrich the written language. Most of the words are common, understandable to everyone, but there are rarer, dialectal, ir newly created or foreign borrowed words. iš ra Iš of Žemaitijos words to be mentioned? : *aplamys ‘kvailys’ (20), *beautiful ‘ornameA nts? (28), Gases ‘beautiful, beautiful’ (149), *kluku [=klouku?] ‘meldZiu, praBS Sau' (4), *likouiū 'I am counting' (27), *remainder ‘skai¢ius’ (27), *middl’s (penalty) (7), Le nairaus “I answer, I repel’ (34), pagibsznls ‘guvus’ (29), *[screams] ‘kviečiai’ a 4, ? First given are the K. equivalents of the year 1713 edition of the Širvydas dictionary, o po colon i S. Daukanto. 4G * Here ir elsewhere, those marked with an asterisk Words of Daukant (tarmybeés, neologizmai, latvizį ji mai), which are recorded ir iš in other jo writings. This determination shall be based on A. Miner's work wimano ; Dictionary of the Bible. (Kaunas, m., 1937 manuscript- ), which includes printed 17 The works of Daukanto ir 3 manuscripts (from lexicographic works A. Kalniaus used only "Wordst < rodys”) vocabulair ry, the great Dictionary of the English Language. eb os WE RIAL ETS. er SH Pa Wikis aa 24 other a on FE EE M Raat tau Ža Aido Tag Ua Re ATA How to pronounUK AA Runes RA ks Tika a va vi LE Network hy a ce: phe (substitute for 36), breadcrumbs) ‘poilsis’ (33), *pawiedus ‘panasus’ (36), *Let's go--* ' A A picture? (9), *pataika “favor, favor? (16), *skieyda ‘skiedra’ (7), *step 5 ‘ripinuosi, stengiuosi’ (9), in steigim’s ‘rpinimasis’ (11), *sriautu ‘teku, varvu’ pita tab (17), “all good’ skaugiū (14), tneapšau' sorrowful (22), (22), iy * *szalauis ‘svetimas’ (16), *wardauiu ‘praminu’ (26), wentinys ‘vienturtis’ (42), | 0 — *wižta ‘pina vyzas’ (39), *toys ‘uzgaulioju’ (21), *zaliiū [green] “I do harm' 73 (26), *žarinay ‘krūmeliai' (40). E “In the Dictionary, as in Daukanto’s ir other lexicographic works, Latvian words are used, e.g. : DK *asinas (screaming) ‘blood* (35), *jautoious (questioning) are. fl (29), *katps (cottage, hut) (36), kalpa (werge, sarge) (16), *klot, paving (greatiam us) “immediately, while watching' (7), *I use (GROANS) (3), *login (Screaming) (2), *small | Ag (paszalys) (55), *peldu (hair) (26). ws Slavic languages prevail in Skoliniy. In addition to the borrowed words, Lithuanian si ir substitutes are usually given, e.g.: altorius, (5), aukuras auka, arba apiera (19, 85), = Bocius (6), Beast, giwolys (6), gosliba, raskažius (12), hooks, drobina (35), Karon, koncze (38), crown, waiskas (10), charity, peace, toska (6), peace, i 2 cziesas (39), noumirielys, nabasztik’s (6), newale, wergiba (6), newalnik’s, werg’s (6), nebendring’s, neprieteling’s (21), neturt’s, ubagiste, badas (21), skersys, a Krizius (10), smertys, giltine (23), straipstys, czlonkas (24), skloustys, jutrina (36), rikiba, wiera uigaule, žala, (34), kriwda wieszpats, pon’s wiiszes (21), (13), ~~ [=vie$és], gastada (19). = More dangerous neologisms, which in other dictionaries ir of Daukanto writings CRE. is A lot more: *muksina ‘bégimas’ (18), malicious ‘nuodémingas’ a; (35), pictadium ‘nuodémé’ (35), *sendarine ‘lapine’ (39), strunisina “building, — warfare’ (3). Eh Iš archaic, rarely used words to mention: drewiejū (pleeszu, grobį greju) — nokieis (37), (sickly) (3), asleep ‘vejuos?’ (7), guard ‘saugojimas, | ‘ha sargyba’ debt (11), (I have, Debeo) (11), roof (coating, coating) (39), tract (white- | 1X kelys) (22), whey ‘branda’ (40), warauiu (zeid, iszzarginu) (41), warūs ‘smarku- | s’ (41), weczasis, weczls (obsolete) (31). It can be assumed that the verbs bez naktis, stogti, | skoléti, varauti were widely used, because this shows the same tų | a — root words (noki, roof, debt, force) consumption. | Cover: There are a dozen words to explain. Some jy (excludi- — ng artis, notis, palaka, | fi = pranara, wisnūs) have not yet been written anywheriš e: artis (Gwuus, science) (29), I diewys, diwiesina ‘jprotis?’ (43), Breasts (kibus, wiburus) (29), laupau (raminū) 3 (23), likeike, ligeiwe, ligbunie (friend) (37), ligbunis, ligeiwis (friend) (37), © mediote (convers- (40), ation) notis (fall) (7), deviation ‘nelaimé’ (7), palaka (ongala, „ gallon) (39), pranara (for (11), remaining) rum (swarus, sunki) (18), rumei mais’. (difficul- (18), t) (: F swilknis (18), unda) sztikies (knowled- (9), ge) oily (ADAR'S) (28), = trakouiu (kelous prisz) (33), widoule (adv. Intus) (22), wisnūs (wissoks) of (27). a, Be individual words, the “Wordbook” gives combinations of various Lithuanian words It is mainly written in Latin. iš But there are live folk ir sayings and phraseologisms, e.g. : t = Wisso partekes (3), zing doute (7), kojem’s walę doute =a [: se fugae] (8), muni meig’s fucked by (8), a big dick fucked by a big dick (40) ir kt gy. Zodynélio structure is very simple: alphabetically presented Latin words = The more characteristir ic words in the text that appear in male forms are combined with Ti EE ra Bitches Good va AS Le Ey 15 ES Te ge Sly i Tas ; ai gins; po jų Lithuanian equivalents. They are semantically undifferentiate5 i d, not divided into meanings. There is no nė illustrative material, except for a few word At combinations, substitutes for the corresponding Latin compounds. Nevertheless, from a lexicograp- “5. hical point of view The "Woodrodys" is the best processed dictionary of Daukantas. Jo small aa volume, limited to a certain text; of this, it was be prepared for the press outir = i The author, who knew Latin well, was able to present the Lithuanian equivalents in a simple but orderly manner, ai usually even several, without leaving untranslated po word combinations and gL completing ir his work to the end. 1k The language of the "Zodrodis" is very Žemaitinis. This shows the forms charactersu istic of the zePetty maičių dounininky dialect phonetic characteristics, e.g.: sūsiijū — susieju (4), g t sesou sesuo — rekal's (37), reikalas — reek reikia (26), milta miltai — meldū (36), meldžiu — dongus (36), dangus — (27), — (8) ir t.t. Only occasionally is the 2 singular noun of the first consonant of nouns su written in the high-German alphabet. ne -as, e.g. : friend, servant (8). ' g N SI PM year Se ne Tl Mb | st Mia : di Ae gy Fay hag! EE 3, Polish-Lithuanian language dictionary BF SST Pirin So i iN Hey! eg Maximum ir significant S. Daukanto lexicographic work is ra : lenky-lituviy language dictionary. Jo manuscript (SD12) consists of three huge (forHPT meter 35,5 x 21,6) bound volumes: I volume A-M, psl. ; 1-733 II t. N-P, psl. ; 722 iA LEY III t. R-Z, 1 —822 psl. The be manuscript of the author's ir last name heading, very graphic, legibly written well preserved. The text is not numbered, goes ir alphabetiBohs V tically separate letters. They are marked at the top of the pages and, above, be protruding on the iSkarpy glued at the edges, so that it is immediately visible where the words of any letter iš begin. In the thick, slightly browned paper, many places on the te Np Suje (on the left side) a small paper factory The stamp of the stamp: PaGpHKH tin 7 Ne4 Apucrapxosa. Knowing that such a mark was marked 1850 the year of production gh Aristarchovo fabriko popierius® ir kad S. Daukantas died in, it 1864 can be deduced a sr that the Polish-Lithuanian dictionary was written between the years. 1850—1864 A similar 1 i opinion, based on the stamp of the paper factory, has expressed ir TSR Moks- = ly Academy of Manuscripir ts Rare Prints Department (1961.III.27d. pattern CE I No. 715—139). Even more precise circumstances of the date ir of the dictionary is not yet known. „It was successfully determined, because neither in the text of the dictionary, nor in other There is no ri data on the jį Daukant or touching writings. k“ t Total words in the Polish vocabulary iš register 56567 (I t. — 16750, II t. — 19360, III t. — 20457). Marks part of words with su references 0b. (=see) į other words, e.g. : Absolutum, ob. Absolute (I, 2); Amantka, ob. mistress gh (1,7); Anizeli, ob. lower (I, Bablac, 9); ob. Babrach (I, 19) ir t.t. English equivalenma ts number less words — 37677 (I t. — 14280, II t. — MIB Tis, III t.— 9110). Very few matches 3-Cio tomo atskirose raidése. For example, in Traidéje 20 only Lithuanian words (Polish is available) 1518), U Raidéje (439—504 psl.) — jų 8 (Polish is available) 1698). W, Z ir 7 raidése Lithuanian equivalents again significantly more. See, when compiling the register of Polish words, Lithuanian equivalents were written Oh, iš immediately, jų without long searching. Kai S. Daukantas immediately came to mind į Lithuanian * C. A. Knennkon. Oeujauarpaubi w ureMneju Ha GymMare PYCCKOTO HM WHOCTPAHHOrO a Li ig XVII—XX sexa, 100, Mocxsa, 1959. hE il ra r Tą Ta Aaaa Sta Togo: SR SE TR yA afi yt v A ST -C8 A All en pi ni ana ER EARNER SRR By BR hd Ln Gs ee o t SEB a SE equivalent, he would write it next ji to the Polish word, when he could not find the o equivalent quickly, the Polish word would remain untranslated. Only on a few pages (III, 570, 571, 601, 604, 605), deciding on iš mascara colors, several Hew, CT | ~~ tuvisky matches recorded later. However, there are a number of cases where, it seems, the recording of FAS Lithuanian equivalents could not be difficult ir where there is none. jų For example, > Fi 8 The letter has no Lithuanian equivalents for the simplest Polish words, e.g. : Cord, 3 — Szourek, Szuba, Szukaé, Szybko, Szyč etc. ir Thus, it is seen that S. Daukantas “Šč did not — record Lithuanian equivalents in some places because of iš haste, trying first to create a | J — register of Polish words. Therefore, many Polish words are not translated. nd : Yet the huge dictionary manuscript contains about 37 677 Lithuanian words, — some of which are repeated as Polish synonyms and words of similar meaning | — Men, e.g. : Vojkarejvis III, 559; Kareivis — Warrior III, 560; Military- "Tiras So — karejwis, warrior, warrior III, To this 560. great lexical treasure and — S. The analysis of Daukanto Polish-Lithuanian dictionary requires ir special LE research, which our lexicographers must undertake immediately. At Meanwhile, it is useful to note in the most general terms that this S. Daui A Kant's lexicographic work is interesting ir and significant in many respects. hey The dictionary contains a number of old words that The language was spoken by — the old people, but later o disappeared. iš Į this one of the iš first drew to tą Attention! S. A contemporary of Daukanto M. Valančius, describing the jo language of the writings: | "3 devoted his entire life to raising the Samogitian language from macaronisms ir to climb. as For this purpose he began to write in a chosen language, an ancient one, which is no longer used in Žemaitija today, and therefore very unpleasant to — readers.”* ir There are such outdated words. examples may include: nannies ‘batai’ I, 468; Deja “problem, trouble’ I, 52; remaining ‘skaiGus' I, 629; Corn ‘penas, pašaras' III, 821; borders, meadows ‘miskas’ I, 609; = Notes ‘jvykis, atsitikimas’ II 688; strubium ‘alkiing’ I, 639; taurage ‘taurelé’ I, 160; jų ‘traktis ‘vieskelis’ I, 366; warra ‘prievarta’ III, 547 ir kt This layer of archaic = words is an important source for studying the history of Lithuanian lexicon. nr 8 Most abundant most ir significant S. The vocabulary of the Daukanto dictionary is — national Words showing the richness and diversity of the Lithuanian language. Iš jų It is obvious that the vi Lithuanian language was rich in its own means of expression and that the harbarisms of the feudal-ecclesiastical jargon, which had entered through the religious writings, ir the church, the manors by other ways, were a A foreign, unnecessary thing imposed on the Lithuanian language. ir | Ae ir Ja th Hundreds S. Lithuanian words recorded by Daukanto could be replaced in ir the writings of some iš — foreign words common in the various dialects, e.g. : Closure [,,kaldra®“] I, 519; gaurout x (, kudlotas’] I, 548; goboum [,,lokamstwa’] I, 605; globe [‘care’) II, 272; a — grajžtwas [‘gwintai’] III, square 513; [‘fault’] III, 560; kareywis [„Žalnierius“) = III, peace 559; [Chess] I, 159; convenient [‘vigada’) III, pillar 593; [‘paduškek a’) III, 524; praustuwe [,,bliid’] III, 509; paskolyti [‘mark’) II, 560; Ak — world [,,sites’] III, ripper 576; [„,‘kočēls’) III, ranked 508; (‘ready’) ią I, 368; miracle [‘,cūdas’’) I, 144; swidus [‘Glencoated’] I, 346; shining [‘gonris tas’) I, 362; Siuwiejas [‘cravings’) I, 559; szliektuwe [‘krapylas’) I, 566; —— drinking [‘cluster’) I, 503; taurus [“screaming”] II, bulb 1565 [‘kačerga’) I, 515; n.d. © Zr. A. Janulajtis, Simanas Daukantas, 34, Vilnius, MISE Se TTT Ė [Er OF IRR vp Se R Aa i a aa Se tn ia į | Fs Se oefles = MEN FAL CRE Pol St Th ra Eg | insulting [‘roniti’) III, 6; watanda [‘adyna’] II, 129; whistles [,,lickarstos“] I, 618; ah virtuals [,,kuknia’] I, 583; wiltis [,,nodieja’] II, 19 ir t.t. Ma S. For Daukantas, the folk language was the most important oi ž the source of sickness. In your creation In “Būde” he writes: "That is even more miraculous that Jake ta prosenove our language ne writings of our priests uZlaiké over thousands of years To her to žthese days; because [but] our wise mountain Žemaites ir mothers in their at Or in the huts in the woods, which, I say, preserved our ancient language, which we, children, can be proud of today.” pr jų ir (p. VIII). ik Among the popular words, there are a lot of low-key words, e.g. : *ergla vis * joke, laughing’ I, 62; *guzziti ‘travel’ III, itarte 559; ‘jtarimas’ II, 446; Xd *ingis ‘plikis’ II, ibingis 653; ibinggs) (= ‘isiutes’ III, 49; *kernoti, “flow, Ep J vainoti’ I, 574; Campine (=campaign) ‘lipyné’ II 619; nulyda ‘pastogé’ II, 600; ts i *distinct ‘perskyrimas’ III, *szasiliet 582; shadow? I, 132; *teklus ‘marrying, a running? I, 134; wieluga II, loans 544; ‘isdykauti, sargytis’ I, 141 ir t.t. LL There are new words in the ir Zodyninéje sudéty, e.g.: bewajkybe ‘bevaikysté’ I. 37; bewunde ‘bevandené’ I, 50; bediewybe I, 15; beszalybe ‘nedaliSkumas’ kd I, 43; 2005-2006 I, 44; III, cradle 511; ‘chirurgas’ esx I. 111; kirptuwe ‘kirpykla’ I, 28; clause ‘auditorija’ I, 16; Caclorajsztis I, 398; sa. kalietuwe ‘kaléjimas’ III, like 540; goods III, 32; tykrassis ‘metraStininkas’ ALR I, 9; Taikoskajtlū ‘chronologija’ I, 124 ir t.t. riai So S. The composition of Daukanto’s huge Polish-Lithuanian dictionary is rich Ey ir Miscellaneous. Į ja it is useful to pay more attention when studying the Lithuanian language vocabulary | ia ir compiling various dictionaries. a eye; | E yen jak 4. English-Latin Dictionary (start) AE isl Es Ia io high ty r "LT š iE Rankrastiniame S. In the legacy of Daukanto (SD is the 14) beginning of the lietuviy-latyny | language dictionary (A—G) manuscript consisting iš of five large format foils (35.2% 22,2) Sew-on sheet fibres with po 40—48 pages (total pages, 224 iš jų 48 empty). One fiber duplicate (pasted more than cut out letters of 50 words, Fi uZtinkamy A in the other two ir A ir "A-B-C-D-- E-F-G-H-I-- J-K-L-M-- m. N-O". i k The Lithuanian part of the dictionary (word register) clearly written in alphabetical form ka 3977 words,most of which have no Latin equivalents (there are only about 1600). It When compiling the Lithuanian vocabulary register, G. Neselmano ,, Dictionary of Lithuanian Sprache" (1851). This is first seen in the iš direct deHorn of the family į Neselmang (is Abbreviations for Daukant Nesel., Neselm. ), towe i rios added to some words (e.g., Apgelaj 14, Arakis 15 ir kt ). Second, some words (e.g., Atdaga 62, Auklis 74) ir compounds and phrases zatinkami zi ] only Neselmano ir Daukanto dictionaries, so they ir can support the statement that DaukantFp as used Neselman- 's dictionary, e.g. : Doubtful zweifelhaft (2), eyes apteka aszaromis marczios aszaras gérti (17), (17) ir t. t. But blind tracking of A I can't see it, because many words are omitted, many new ones are added. Daukantas looked critically į Nesselman Dictionary (see section 4.4). the following section on Daukanto 4 * idol for Neselman's dictionary) and uses it creatively. A end of letter S. Daukantas pencil marked the number of words (1080 slow) ir added that Ruigium ir TE layer BR ke 3 a A light ae Sl SARE CR Br is. Togo Reed OE TO Kita Sh it di rs Kika EET inas MR | 3% Milka's dictionaries contain only words 495 (u Ruhiga V Milke 495). See that these iA dictionaries Daukantas also had it in his hands. When jo used Milkumi, = shows in another manuscript (SD 27) containing proverbs written mainly iš "Milkaus rar dictionary, (156—166 collection pg. ). It states: Dictionary. Milk. Pararles — Letuwiszkas (159). Probably, mainly Daukantas used Neselman, as can be seen © iš jo abundant comments on Neselman- 's dictionary. Be of this, Nesselmann's © vocabulary was greater uz Ruigium ir Milkaus dictionaries. The use of Nesselman's dictionary, = published in, 1851 shows that The beginning of Daukanto Lithuanian-Latin dictionary was compiled — by pol1851 m. = It is possible that some ka Daukantas took ir iš K. Širvydo ,,Dictionarium by trium linguarum* kars was in (1713), the library". jo Use this dictionary, neither. = It was more difficult to find Lithuanian equivalents of Latin words, because Lithuanian — words are given in the first place, ne but Polish words. tia: Iš K. Širvydas Daukantas could have taken words, mostly new ones, which ui — are found only in the dictionaries of these authors, e.g. : Aonadabajlis, Aonadabajle (21), ją a: Summary [= Akuopa] (45), Apaline [= Apwaline] globe (55), Arklagidis (57), mA ~ Atatejsa (61), Atkalbis (65), Atpiauklas (67), Atsakitine ‘orakulas’ (68), hE) (73), Austuwe ‘audykla’ (76), Dousnis (129), Drajkci6s (129), Bostės (99), Dunciaka- — ls V toothpa- (135). x Iš ste various S. The Hints of Daukant (see section 4.4). SD 19, 27 ir kt) and remarks on the purity of rl the language of the ancient writings'?, it appears that he has used M. Daukšos, K. Širvydo i writings, various translations of the Holy Scriptures, L. Ivinskio calendars, ir etc. 7! Ary Major S. Part of Daukanto lietuviy-latyny language dictionary consists of common ls words, borrowed from writings iš or written down from memory. iš The jų majority goes ro through all the ir dictionaries familiar to everyone (e.g., Antakis, Aktas, Akmū, Adata, Alsinti a šrtit.). | jr a. Be common national vocabulary, in Daukanto dictionary we find dialects, Žemaitijos — words, among jy ir those that have not yet been recorded by other scripts, e.g. : iš jo *Api oF sokortinaj (52), *Crushed ‘epusynas’ (55), *Attention ‘coming’ (62), Atde (63), Tn *Atsiauta (69), Atwarslaj ‘vadzios’ (73), Atžwilga (73), Balinys (81), Blusouti | jog (97), *Daba (111), Worms, worms (155), *think The (153). | ey =, dictionary contains neologizmy, which Daukantas has a considerable prikiirgs in his writings, e.g.: | 5 rodwalandys “hour hand of the clock” (13), Apigarda vide *Apikarta (41), | si tN Atskalybe (70), *Auda ‘trumpa daina’ (73), Aukautuve (74), Auglinikas (74), | le Ausuraksztis auriscalpium (76), Vote ‘silabizuoti’ (83), Balsouka V soukbalse = prosodia (83), Balsakaijtis hirquitallus (83), Bausina (87), Bandisena (84), Gendryba is — commercium (89), Begalas infinitas begalo (88), Begieda impudentia (89), * Files V Oye bilis orator (93), Bilawijte — Bilwijte forum, forum competens (93), Brajza pi — character (99), Embroidered caleographia (99), Budelietuwe suplicii locus (103), Re — Dijnalginikas V dijnalgis (124), Driegnamiere hydrometria (131). Lee today no Iš longer use words, archaisms mentioned : Arwes removed (58), A iš — Aszmalikas decimus octavus (59), Benthic “a friend? (90), Wetusze ‘bobuté’ (97). aa We ir encounter debtors whose Daukantas tried to avoid ir changing Lithuanian Sk Hil in words, e.g. : Abelnas (5), Abruzés (7), Aluzna (10), Alasas (10) ir t. t. na į in 1 See. J. Leibniz Library, Heidelberg. = "Works of the Lithuanian a — Literature Institute", 1, 51—83, Kaunas, 1947. |; 8 it Our antiquit1, 4—5 y, book, 785—786, Tilžėje, 1922. RARER 3 ta TA SE a Ziai ay | CREE oA ai a m ir 0 i ae Ee AG TA ve 7; ix | ks jį a El i, i. Art S is 4 ra FE hy Ji Iš some borrowed link vide (vid) sends Lithuanian į words, e.g. : "but Abrozas vide pawejkstus (7), Adina vide walanda (12), Bee environment Auka (14), es I'm going to sacrifice myself. (14), Apierawoties vid aukauties (14), Apierawojimas aE vid aukawimas (14), Aperawotor vid kurban (14), Apierawotinas vid aukaui py tin (14), Aptikorius, Wajstinykas (15), Arsus [...] narsus (15); Arszumas vid. HE 3 Narsism (15); Release at last (18), Bagocziės vide diczturtis (80), Bagot vide rich (80), Bagotis vide tūrtaj, wealth (80), Video beam color (81), Amiri Balwonas vide pillar (84), Barawikas vide jouwurszis (85), Bartis empty drive a a (85), Biesės vide welinis V welnias (92), Bikswas vide runs (93); Caras vide wiesz = yourself (107), Czerepe vide poudszuke (107), Czertas vide welnias (107), Czesnis aig vide péta (107), Czestawoti vide watching (107), Delmone video music (119), Drocziés vide Eraser (132), Deepthroat vide walandinis (138), Gonta wide fine shining part (157). EA Among the borrowed words there are Latvian words with which Daukantas wanted to fill the lexicon of the Lithuanian literary language or which he used as familiar words in the dialect, e.g. : jo ša **, Orient of the East (76), *two-wheeled ‘late* (136), *TwoREA 1 selyba (137), *Gotina "young cow" (158), Gowe vide karwe (158). St Some words found in this dictionary have not been included in the large ir Lithuanian language dictionary, e.g. : į Screwed (8), at Aplankie arcuatim (48), Apmaukne cataplasma (48), Bandiesés vide bandinihose kas (84), Bandkhmis (84), Bandakmis basalt (84), Baklasés prostratus (89), ah Bitmede geum rivale (94), Blaksod (96), Bérnids blesphema (98), Dilbiés V. ji dilsbiės observator, speculator (124), Drossels, drossels ramentum (132), Durkle vide perstekie (136), Globés ‘globingas’ (156), Gabingas venerabilis (145), Guri) « Buže (163), Gwildas “easy to decipher* (164). Part not jų yet clarified; other (e.g., gvildus, globus) will be useful to enrich the lexicon of literary language. it Be common words, given several real names, e.g. : Bartuva | upis (85), Bartije (85), Budwitej (104), Dunajés (135) ir kt į nt The structure of the vocabulary is very simple. This is an alphabetical index of Lithuanian words and su their Latin equivalents, which are missing for a significant part of Lithuanian words. There is no | strict alphabetical order within the letters. There are repetitions. Occasionally, words are rr t) explained, e.g. : Actine, the tandi rod that burned the beast's hunger sp į wietoj* botaga (10); Anyta, my mother's hero (12); Awyn mother brother (18); Awyniene ia mother brother herself (18); Bdrinri (not per percent) (98); Dermie ornetum į kis pliewie žernas 6zdenganti Latin, in (119). i Be the dictionary some Polish some German equivalentir s, rest e.g. : Doubtful ąweifelhaft (2), Apsergiesina Protection (8), Blessed as an absinthe (10), Acziu thank you (8), Akywas ciekawy (9), Akywyba ciekawos (9), Accuracy of 1 positioning (9), Aklinaj blindly (10), Atwas cyza (11), Alwienas every an, Basti [=Besti] stick (86), Bastunas underdriver (86), Bastytijs drifting around eo (86), Delsounis a slower (119), Duma consilium status (königliche rath) ukes duma — (134), Dwibuga [= Dwiguba)] despair (137). i) jų To some words is given (this occurs rarely) illustrative sentences, e.g.: jautej = komelej czistą ir abraką ies kanapej ataka dūna akieta (7); (9); (9); © Tw A Kalnius, Simano Dictionary of the English Language 37, 164—169 (manuscript, Kaunas, Lithuania) — 19037); E. Women el, k Letticismen in Daukantas Vocabulary. — "Articles of the Society of Philologists", 11, 52—63, Riga, 1931, - (ha) š . he i TE S GRRE Ee tn a ri o aš azote, aie Gh dl "and i 2 Rae Inti ale In this 4 FTE en Echo a aa las RAT CC a WEEE SLE rf = S, The dictionaries of Daukantas do not feature lexicographical techniques. respect they are : | inferior uz K. Milkaus, G. Neselmano, A. Poškos ir D. Sutkevičius ~~ dictionaries, whose dictionary article is more complex and rich, in which we find more lexicographic i | elements (explanations, various notes, transcripts of Sit pe ir kt ). S. The manuscripts of Daukanto’s dictionaries resemble more simple registers of words than 4. better processed bilingual dictionaries. English-Latin dictionary "at i“ = gistra just started (A—G letters), Polish-Lithuao nian composed quite large. To of © jimesnis S. The task of Daukantas in preparing the Polish-Lithuanian dictionary was i = present Lithuanian equivalents everywhere, differentiate meanings, add various: ati certificates, references, etc. = ir To work S. Daukantas didn't rush to finish it. 3 Bi S. Daukanto lexicographic works, being unprinted and difficult to ir access for others, could — not have had a direct influence on the development of Lithuanian lexicography, on the rise of the 1X4 level. > oS They are significant as a great effort to contribute to the Lithuanian heft "to the revitalization of language, to the enrichment, purification ir of literary language. ib, Since those efforts were expressed throughout the S. In Daukanto's literary ir cultural y=} activity, this S. Daukanto dictionaries, fixing the rich treasures of Lithuanian language TE vocabulary, which could have entered the literary jo language through other į writings, indirectly contributed £0 to the consolidation of Lithuanian language in literature in other areas ir of cultural life, to the improvement = of literary language. Ne everything, ką S. Daukantas provided a ped for usage, it was acceptable, many used archaisms, jo narrow dialects, new creations were not ir established in | literary language, reproaches were made ne be ir jo — language purification efforts, but in general S. The writings of Daukantas made a great contribution to the = development of literary language. They were the source of language for later writers, ir dictionaries — ir For all others interested in language issues. | k Today S. Daukanto lexicographic works are interesting and ir important for the history of = Lithuanian lexicography as one of the iš ir =i] bilingual — dictionaries, which were supposed to help the Lithuanian language pt lo ir cultural life, to establish lexical norms of literary language, to give ) “ — basics of Lithuanian language ir learning to use. i- (not | wn Ir Daukanto, ir other Linguistic a. works of cultural figures of the 19th century help to illuminate | : — the process of development of the Lithuanian literary language, enrichment of | = development paths and methods, the to contribution of individual į actors of the time to the i — literary ir improvement work. S. In the dictionaries of or Daukantas there is a completely new ir iš material not recorded in other sources (various jų words, ša — meanings, ir notes, etc.) used for lexicographical work for ir lexicographical research. = Particularly important S. The lexicographic material of Daukanto is used to study i. id the lexicon of Žemaičių dialektas and to compile a regional dictionary. S. Daukanto lexicographic works ša £ also helps to illuminate scientific, literary and jo cultural activities. ir So — S. Daukanto lexicographical legacy should be studied in ir various aspects, as a significant m contribution to Lithuanian lexicography, as an attempt į to Lob revive and develop ir the folk language in the difficult times of criminal oppression of the Lithuanian nation Cae ae eR a ed Clove BE A i as R a ET SE A ai MEN rE at RS my er ite.’ ak vo an | Ft ią "See TR PL shim Mea bal It was he. | CO Oy Vala al 56 Testis į Sssa ii naro su Sa TRS a d až full = LEE a Ka Tea oT i TREE na gd TE Fg ee Aps p ARE ~~ JNEKCHKOTPA®HUYECKHE TPYAbI C. 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