К вопросу о происхождении молд., рум. «doĭna»

LIETUVIEU KALBOTYROS KLAUSIM ATE VI Pe e TUS OO. S SOR MOK 1S LU, MARL AU DOR Mo dea ‘K BOTIPOCY O MPOHCXO)KEHUH MOJIJL., PYM. DOINA T. BOTAY C cepegunsi npou o o c ome us TepMHH OowHa, KaK HauMeHOBaHHe oco- 6o o MeceHHo o H My3bIKaNbHO O 2KaHpa AAKOPYMBIHCKOTO *ouIbKOpa, nmpo4- HO Bolle B (OJbKMOpHCTHKy H B OOmMi OOuxOR. TIpapaa, u coc asu esb MlepBo o COOpHUKa PyMbIHCKHX HapomHEIX mecen (1852) Bacuwse Aaex- CaHAPH, Aapliuli TepMuny wWupoKoe pacnpoc panenue, u nouTH Bce nocme- Ayioulue KyJIbTypuble AesTeM B ONpexeNeHHM Kapa YYATEIBATH TOMbKO e o awuTepa TypHb ii kpu epuii. Tog s um caosom, 3aHMCTBOBaHHBIM 43 Ha- PozHOH TepMuHOno un Moagasun, gon oe BpeMaA NoApasymeBasioch m060e “IMpudeckoe MpoHsBeqeHHe, OObIMHO B MHHOPHEIX TOHAX, oTmH4a omecca CBOHM TE KCTOM OT F epoOHKO-sTIMYeCKHX 03M, OT PHTYAaJbHLIX, KaJleHqap- HbIX H TIVISCOBLIX NleceH. To a, Bo BTOpoii noJoBuHe XIX Beka nH B TlepBble AecaTHNeTHA Hallle o CTOeTHH, BpeMA A u3yYeHin MeTORHU H CTPYKTYPb BOKaNbHOii H HHCTPyMenTaJIbHOli Aolinel, apeana 6un - TOBaAHUA, CTagui ee pasBu Tua, @YHKMUH, ocobeHHOcTH Uc- NOWHEHHA HM Apy ux npoG lem, elle He HacTynuso. Tloxa o eyec senuaa cbompKaopuc aKxa TomBKO HakaluBasa (bakTel A ia Oyayumx o606mennii, B 1875 TOY NOABHIOCh OCHOBaTebHOe HccenOBa- Hue © MpOHcxoxKneHHH caMo o HaMMeHOBaHUsA. BocnuTaHHnK Xapb- KOBCKO O YHUBepcuTe a, KpyMHbIii MOJZO-pyMbInCKHii dunono B. Te pu- yeliky Xaxq9y npeaqnoxHa s uMono uio TepMHHa HM yCTaHOBHA cBa3b Cc AaNeKHMH e o CooTBeTCTBHAMH. XaxkAsy CHHTa 3TO COBO TpakuiicKo o (dakuiicko o) npoucxoxzenus. Ono POAcTBeHHO, — mHcan OH, — KeubT- CKO-HpjaHAcKoMy dan «necua, mo9Ma> Hu nepcuackoMy danah «necua, MCHONHAeMad MHKeHUHHAMH>. OGe s u opMEI mMpeqnoma aw p KayecTBe oOule o STHMOHa caHcKpuTcKoe caoBo dana «necus, s3Byk>. JIpy umu COOTBETCTBHAMH STO O TepMHHA ABJAOTCH 3enncKHi daénd «MeCHA», ap- MAHCKHH den, Ho 61HxKe BCeX CTOHT, KOHeuHO, JHTOBCKOe daina «necua». 183 (B To Bpems HHKO O elle He Mo sa 3aHHMaTD cyQb6a s o e xe cHOBa B Ja- TBILICKOM sI3bIKe)!. «lakniins u anTopue — nuca Xaxknay — apasio es, caleqosa es p- HO, CAMHCTBCHHBIMH HaPOAHOCTAMH, KOTOpbIe COXpaHHJIH HeH3MeHHBIM co- AepxKanue H dhopmy cioBa daina — npexpacueiime o nacnequa HHH ab- Ho o HHOeBponeiicKo o s3bIKa, HacJeqUA, KOTOpoe sBuKeTCH opa3q0 6o- lee PaHHHM CBHAeCTeIbCTBOM OGUIHOCTH HalIMxX NpenKoB, uem Apes eiiuue JanuqapHple Hagnucn»...2 Mosjo-pympinckni yuensii noc asua u BOMpoc 0 BO3MO%KHOM 3anMcT- BOBAHHH TePpMHHAa JIMTOBIAMH (OT pyMBIH). OH 3ame Ha, 4TO y caaBaH Ta- Ko o C1OBa HET, H, KPOME TOTO, YTO MOaBaHe HM JHTOBULI KO Ma-To KH “B cocegc se». Ho y xe Xaxkysy o sep 9TY BOSMOXKHOCTb: HaHMeHOBa- HHA HaPOMHbIx MeceH He 3aHMcTByIOTCA, — yTBepxKman oH, — H, kpome To o, NOABJeHHe -i- B AHTOBCKOM daina (no oT HoMeHHIO K cCaHCKpuTckomy dana) moxeT ObiTh O6baCHeHO 3aKonamu Pa3BUTHA CaMO o JIHTOBCKO O asbika*. Bonpoca 0 3auMcTBoBaHHH c.10Ba y JIMTOBIeB CaMHMH pyMbIHaMH STOT yYeHbIli He cTaBHu. CyxxqeHuamM un ap yMen anun Xaxasy 0 Tpakuiickom nponcxoxzenuu TepMuHa Codxa, npeslecTBOBano B HayKe oOpacnenne JIumu pua Kau e- Mupa (1672—1723). To muenuio s o o Bbimaiome ocs MOJIaBcKo O yue- HOO, Oo ino% uMeHoBadca naKulicKHii «<6o BOiiHbI>. B IIPHMeyaHHH K CBOe- My Texc y Kan emup 3ame na, ¥To 3T0 c10B0 OOBIHIHO BBICTyMaeT B 3auHHe “MYXKCKHX> (C TOYKH 3PeHHA HcnoAHeHHA) meceH, TO-ecTb, 4TO ynomuHa- ue sTOo o OoxecTBa sBNAeTCA cBOe o poga HHBOKalUHeli!, Cpuge eapce so Kan emupa o Haauunu caopa B MHUUMaDHOi hopMysie necen (Ko oppie, HO € o MHEHHIO, HOCHH TOJbKO BoeHHBIii xapaxTep) NOATBEPAHOCh 60- wee MOSAHHMH (OJbKAOpHEIMH ga Mcamu. JJelic au e bHo, B 3aunHax Qoii- HbI, COCTOAULHX MHO Ma H3 pada ABYXCNOKHBIX HH OMHOCAOMKHBIX BOCKAH- WaHH, B 3a4HHaX, CTaBUIMx MecTaMH (bakyJbTaTHBHBIMU, 3TO COBO uMe- e ca. Ilpapga, B TakHx xe e o pa3mMuHBIx (oue Hueckux BapHan ax Hu B PaSAMYHBIX PHTMHKO-aKUeCHTOJO H4YeCKHX MOO2%KeHUAX OHO HasimuecTByeT B HauabHbIX CTPOKaX He TOMbKO QOiiH, HO HM Apy Hx 2KaHPOB, B TOM 4NCIe M PHTyaJibHbIX. Tak, B ceBepHoli uacTu AaKOPyMbIHCKOH TeppHTOpHH, B Mapamypewe 6ni yio : daina, di ina; dui, du , dui: TpancuabBanun — déinu, dana; di-nam—da nam; — éi-nu—du nu: daina-le; daina-mad; — dina- daind; déina-daina. B Mongapun 6ui ye doma u YMeHBLIHTebHOe = doini a. ' Tleppoe ppegenne B o6uxon Tepmuna daina B 1893 ogy Kpuupsanom Bapoxom, no HacTOAHMIO usqaTeaa Bucceuxopha, u ap yMenTs gaa e o speqenna Sl. Jlay en6axa n A. Caugepa Bpspaau pesxui o son I. Lmu a u A. Cupmauc: P. Smi s, Pa jauno au as dziesmu k ajumu, »Majas Viesis”, 1893, e p. 50; J. Si mais, Misy au as dziesmu jaunakais izde ums, ,,Dienas Lapa", 1894, c p, 212—215. D oi unopmanuei mi oOa3zane puxcKomy oabKaopuc y M. Beli eima, 3a a o npu- HOCHM eli HcKpeHHIolO Gaa ogapHoc D. 2B. Pe iceicu Hasdeu, P incipie de ilologia compa a i a a ioeu opea cup in- dénd g upu ile indo-pe so- acice, g eco-i allo-cel ic $i le o-sla o-ge manic cu aplicaloiuni la is o ia limbei omane. Cu s inu la Facul a ea de Li e e $i Filoso ia din Bucu es i, I, 1875, cTp. 28—29, 5 Ibidem, e p. 26—27. ‘Tlumu pui Kau emup, Tleckpuepa Mo.gosei , Kummusy, 1957, e p. 197. 184 Toabko B Moagapnu, B Byxopune 1 B Mapamypeme caoBo doa un Bapnan- Tbl e o BBICTyMalOT Kak TEPMHH, OGoO3HAYAIOWIM My3bIKabHblii *KaHp necuu. B Tpakcuibpannn cnoBo Obi ye TomBKO B 3a4unHax. B Jpy ux o6- wacTAX MaKOPyMBIHCKo o s3bIKa doina, kak TepMHH, HeH3BecTeH: OHO He Gui ye Bonce B Myn enuu, B On enun, B Bana e u B Joopyaxe®. Muenne Kan emupa o nepponayanbHoM BoeHHOM xapaKkTepe My3bI- KaNbHO o 2%KaHpa H CaMO O HaHMeHOBaHHA Hallo NocwesoBa Teneli HB XIX sexe: ako o Muenua 6p Mopzaxu Manunecky u uapec ubiii Momgas- ckHi nuca enb K. He pyuuu, Ko oppii qaxke counHun TpH Mapwieo6pa3- Hble <JOHHbI>, BbINaB UX 3a HapomHbie. Bcem nocaexyiomum yuenbim ap yMen auua Xaxagy, KOTOPbIi O60c- HOBaJl MHeHHe Kan emupa co gacuo yposHio HayKH cBoe o BpemeHH®, m0- Ka3allacb, O HaKO, He yOequTenbHOH. Kak no, Tak H mocae Xaxysy (onHa- KO He MOJ@MU3HpyaA c HUM) Hccne_OBaTeIM UCKaM OCHOBY cOBa B Apy- THX A3bIKaX: Ja . dona i um «nap, nonyuaemblii pHMcKUM BOHHOM Tocae 6u Bp» (!), sa . Diana «<noxpopu enbunua oxoTHuKoOB» (4, cneqoBpa e. b- HO, BoHHOB), Danubius «JIynaii>. Bce s u Tpu mpeqaoxKeHHaA BOSHHKAM B 1842 ony nog nepom quase an a Mopzaxua Maaunecky’. JIpy ue uckaau STHMOH B CJlaBAHCKHX AB3bIKaX: CJlaB. OsodHuya «ABOliHAA MboKATKa, [BOi- ya ka>» — A. Unxax®; pyc. OyTo, Oyny o — K. H. Bypuasny®. Jpy ue yue- _HbIe PUOAO H MpousBOAHAH COBO U3 peyecKo o Sny, da — opuiicko o HauMeHoBaHua «IOnu epa» — Tle py Maiiop!®, no uame sce 2Ke 43 1aTHH- exo o: Diana+oda (!) — nos HW. Sanage-Pagyaecxy"; aa . doleo, yepes Mpeanoa aemMyio MpoMexyTounyio @opmy *dolina, — A. T. Jlaypuan u VW. K. Maccum'? u ap. Hakonen, namiaucp u uccaeqopa em, KOTOpbIe Mpo- MSBOMJIH COBO H3 COOcTBeHHOFO A3bIKa: OT ula odia a ddina «6anancu- POBaTb, KOueOaTbCA>, HIM 2%e OT MexKAYMeTHOTO NOBTOpeHHA, YacTO BBIC- TyMa oule o B 3a4HHaX 9TO O MOsTHYeCKo O waHpa: dul, dul, du, Bui o Bol- CKa3aHO H MHeHHe O TepMaHCKOM NpOHCXOxKAeHHH AaHHO O CIOBa B Aako- PYMBIHCKOM s3bIKe. B nocaegueii paGo e Ha s y xe Temy, B yxe IHTHPOBaHHOM BBILIe AOKYMeHTaIbHOM HM TOHKOM HCCJeqoOBaHHM PyMbIHcKO O (osbKopuc a OBu- 5 Bce 9TH MpHMepbl oGbeneHeHEI c UX KOHTeKCTOM B HccnenOBaHHH PYMbIHCKo o onmkaopuc a O idiu Papadima, Conside a ii desp e doina, ,,S udii si ce ce & i de is o ie li e a i si olclo “, IX, 1960, Ne 2, e p. 326—329, : ® As op ynomanya uw uMa uccaenoBa ens, KOTOpBIii BlepBbe mposen cBasbh MexTy AakopyMbinckuM doind auTosckum daina: MIOHXeHCKHi opHenTaauc Ma in Haug » Zei sch i de Deu schen Mo genlindischen Gesellscha “, 1855). 7Jo dachi MaAalinescu, Un discu s si poezie, ,,Foaiepen u min e, inima si in- aja u a“, V, 1842, e p. 97-99; Ap. B. Pe iceicu Hasdeu, Op. ci ., c p. 21; O idiu Papadima, Op. ci . c p., 312. * A. de Cihac, Dic ionnai e d’é ymologie daco- omane, F anc o s/M., 1870, s. . °C. N. Bu ileanu, In e ,, unzi e de“ si doind, Bucu es i, 1936, e p. 57. Ap. B. Pe iceicu Hasdeu, Op. ci ., eTp 21. “ Ap. O idiu Papadima, Op. ci ., e p. 314. * AT. Lau ianu gi I. C. Massim. Glossa iu ca e cop inde o bele d’in limb’a omana s aine p in o iginea sau o m’a lo u si celle de o igine indouiosa, Bucu es i, 1876, s. . * Tibe iu B ediceanu, 170 melodii popula e omines i din Ma amu es. Bucu- es i, 1957. c p. 5, 185 Aun Tlanaqumel, BbickasaHo TBep oe MHeHHe 0 MpoHcxoxKeHHH cmopa. Tpancu ppanckas cbopma da na, KaK 3To MpeqIOKH «Cc NOAHBIM OCHOBa- Huem> u Xa xkyay, MoxeT ObITb Lakulicko o npoucxox enna; MommancKan ke cbopma doina o Hocu ca «<onpeneneHHo» K caaBAHCKHM s3bIKaM!, 3a- weM 2Ke TaK Pa3MEKEBLIBATh HaHMeHOBAHHA OAHO O H TOTO xe ObBeKTA? TIpapga, kpome Xaxasy, na Hx npeqnosoxKeHHi HH ORMH 13 nepe- MHCJICHHBIX BbILe ABTOPOB HE AP yMeHTHpOBad CBOIO STHMOMO H3aMIO, a Mpoc o ee mpemia ad, Nake He MbITaicb ONpOBep HyTh MHeHHe mMpesbIy- UIMX aBTOpoB. Tlo seeli Bepoa Hoc u, sTux HccaeqoBa eneli CMYTHJIa HeO%KHaHHOCTD H THYaHTCKHi «pasMax> aTuMoso MM Xaxysy. B jelic BuTenbuocTu >%«e, NO NOCM€HHM aHHbIM A3bIKO3HAHHA JaKHHCKHX 3CMeHTOB B MOJILaBCKOM A3bIKe He Tak yx MHo o. IlocnegHHe uccuegoBaTe u TpakHiicKo o s3biKa, Soa apcKuii s umono uc Ba. Teop ues!® x PYMBIHCKHH § =sA3BIKOBe HM. U. Pyccy', B pynzax, cneyuanbyo nocpameHubix TaK HaSbIBaeMBIM aB- TOXTOHHBIM SJIGEMeHTaM, HE PaCCMaTPHBAaIOT H axKe He BKMONAIOT COBO do ina B cnHcoK TPakHHiCKHX COB, COXpaHMBUIMXCA B ASBIKAX HapogoB Baakaucko o noayoc posa. Ipo apopeya uno ese 06 eqHHOM cTapHu- HOM “ aKHiiCKOM> O6pa3ile H HeOKUMaHHbe JWIn TaKo o WeABHOTO A3bIKa, KaKOBBIM ABJIACTCA MAKOPYMBIHCKHH, H pacnomoxKeHHbIe Ha BeECbMa GO/H3KHX PaccTOAHHAX Apy OT Apy a (H axe B OAHOH H TO xe MecTHOCTH!) Ba- pHan bl. Takum 2xe BecKHM omposepxKeHHem ily6oKOii Apesuoc u 3To o ci0Ba y AaKOpyMbIH ABIAeTCA H e o (bOHeTH3M: omKHZaemaA coBpeMeHHas hopma 6ni1a Obl B MakopyMblHcKoM He doina, a *doaind. Mo cmy u p YeHBIX H TOT (ak , uTO XaxKAsy CMHINKOM KaTe opH4ecKH OTBEA BO3MOXK- HOCTh SaHMCTBOBAHHA, IPH MOBObHO 4YaCTOM NMPOHHKHOBeHHH B Apy ue ASPIKH HE TONBKO HAHMEHOBAHH i, HO H CaMHXx npegqMeToR — Hapon- HbIX HHCTPYMEHTOB, TaHUeB H Meced — HanpuMep, cobza, ldu a, ghi a a, polca, mazu ca si ba, bulgd easca MaKOPYMBIHCKOM sA3bIKe; CaMo o cylOBa daina & coBpeMeHHOM JaTBILICKOM s3BIKe 1 Ap. (Cnegye nomuu s, ogna- KO, TO BC€ STH 3AHMCTBOBAHHBIC OGbEKTHI H cOBa He OepyTcs B AX «uHC- TOM> BHC, 1TO OHH BCe qa KOHTaMMHUPyloTcA c TpakMHOHHLIM (bouyom.) Haxkonen, Xaxgsy sosce He Mo o ga yuecTh Oo lbulyio doue uyeckyio BapHaHTHOCTh CJOBa, MY3bIKaNbHYIO cTopony AoiinpI (ee Onu30cTR Han OTAaTCHHOCTh OT AHTOBCKHX Malin H MO CHX MOp elle MOKa HHKTO He H3- YuHJ...), a Takoke c aquabHocTh Hu apeal OblIToBaHHA camoili joi HBI. Tnapuoe xe, ye o He yuen HH Xaxysy (ko opplii He pacnoaa an o - Aa HeOOXOAHMbIMH MaTepHasaMH), HM Mocaenyiomue STHMOJOFHCTHI, ABJIA- €TCA TO, YTO COBO Ooiiwa cpu ypupye ua e Bce o AuUID BO BCTYMHT@JIb- Holi dopmyle Mos H4ecKo o TeKc a sTo o My3biKasIbHO o *Kaupa (pe uo- HaJIbHO M B HeKOTOpBIX Apy Hx 2x%«aHpax), B Toi e o uacTH, koTopas, Kak YCTaHaBJIMBaloT MySbIKOBebI, HHKAK He CBAZAHa, HH TeHeTHUeCKH, HU “ O idiu Papadima, Op. ci ., e p. 316, 48 Tbidem, c p. 317. * Baaxumup Teop ues, Tpaxniickus exuk, Copua, 1957. 7 7. 1. Russu, Limba aco-dacilo , Bucu es i, 1959. 186 Aaxe TEMATHYECKH C OCTAJIbHBIMH YacTaMu AolinbI, Kak Takosoi'®, A ecau OHO BRICTYMaeT H B TeKCTe CaMOii JOH, TO MH TaM 39TO COBO BOCHOMHAeT <TpOKy B BUe AONoNHeHHA No ec ecTBeHHO O pasMepa CTHXa. Tlo Bceii Bepos Hoc u, uMeHHO oTcioga, u3 3TOi BCTYMUTeJbHOH «HHO- POMHO» copmysH — Ha ce oqHaMHHi AeHb B 3TOM *Kaupe dakyJibTaTus- Holi — ci0B0 OoiiHa co BpeMeHeM u30mupoBanoch u cTamo o603Ha4aTb BHawalle Pe HOHaJIbHO, a 3aTeM, c cepegquHb XIX Beka (pacuiupuB cBoe 3Ha- ueHne) 9TOT OCOGEIii MosTHYeCKHi HU My3bIKabHbIii *Kaup B weno. IIpu- MEPbI H3OJIAIHH OTACMbHBIX COB H3 HHHUHAJIbHOH POPMY.IbI, KaK H BOOOLIE M3 TeKCTa MeceH, H NpHoOpe enua uM camocTosTembHO TO MH O6O6ULeHHO O SHAMCHHA HepeAKO BcTpeyaio ca B cbonbKMOpe. A Haya bHbIMH cdopmyzaMH neceH MO yT ObITh pa3JHYHbe BOCKAMNAHHA H WeNbIe Mpenox*KeHUsA, no - HOCTbIO MepeHeCeHHble 43 APy HX AB3bIKOB: TaKOBbl PYMBIHCKHe 3a4HHbI Oaniaq Ha A3bIKe 4aH aiil, MomgaBcKue BCTYNHTCIbHbIe (OPMyJIbI WbI aH- cKUX Necen H ap. Ilepenoca ca B uHyI0 A3bIKoBy10 cpeay HM We bIe kyneTbI ( ax, B Bunnuuxoi o6nac u yKpanucKuii (o bKn0pHeT O6HapyxKuA Moa- AaBCKHii TeKcCT MpoTOTHNa nyuIKuHcKo «Ilecuu Semouppi>; B geTCKHXx “CHHTaIKaX> BCTPedaloTcA cOBa H Ueuble BbIPAxKeHHA, nepemenme U3 AIPyTHX ASbIKOB HM T. 1.). Hanuu e cos, no epsBmiMx BcAKHii cMBICN BO BCTYNUTCIbHBIX OPMyMaX, COB, pasqeMAOMMx Ranee MexAY HUMH 4H OT- AeMbuble CTpobl pass sHE x OOpALOBEIx MeceH (Kak, HanpuMep, HaJHuHe PYMBIHCKO O COBeplleHHO HenoHATHO O copa le B copmyae Le , doamne, HCxomai e o oT wa . (Ha) lel (uiah), domine, oKka3biBae OJHOBpeMeH- HO H BOSMOXHOCTh BKJOUVCHHA B 3A4HH HOBLIX 3aMMCTBOBAHHii, H He Mpo- THBOPCYHT BO3MOAHOCTH JaJbHeliliel e o H301KuHH. Hakonen, cu0Bo doina ©O BCeMH e€ O PasHOBHAHOCTAMH ObiTyeT aeKO He Ha BCeli ZaKopyMBIN- €ko TeppuTopuu. Menbie o o: «HUD B Moagasuu, Bykosune u Mapa- Mypelle, TO-€CTb TOJIbKO B CeBepHOii H B CeBepo-BOCTOYHO! YacTH TeppHToO- PHH, COBO BBICTYMaeT B HAPOAHOM SA3BIKe KAK TE PMHH, O6O3HaYAIOUINi OMpeAeeHHbIii MYy3bIKaJIbHBIii HaHP; Ha CpaBHHTeAbHO GoabUIO; TeppHTo- pun TpancuabBanun OHO cOxXpaHHJocb JIMIIb B 3a4MHax H He UMeeT HUKa- ko o onpexemenHo o cMbicsa. B ioxKHOil yacTH TeppuTopHH aKkOpyMbIHCKo o AZbIKA COBO BOOOWe OTCYTCTBYeT, KaK, BIPOYeM, H BO BCeX PoMaHcKHXx Auanex ax BaakancKo o nomyoc posa. KoneuHo, 3 0 He Mo o 6b HMeTb Me€CTO IPH CXHHOM AaKHicKOM MpOHcxoxKAeHHH cOBa. Bce sTo oBopuT 0 TOM, ¥TO MOJaBcKOe cooBO dona aBaaeTcH 3auM- CTBOBaHHeM. MoxHO BbINBHHYTh Jo ayky, Yo AaKOpyMBIHCKOe coBo dona 6wno 3aumcTBoBaHoO B XIII—XV pekax y an osues. Ap yMen amu aus. 9Toi H- | *NHOTESbI ABJIAIOTCA CeAyIOWMe (hakTbI (A3BIKOBO O XapakTepa). B an Tosckom s3bike daina s o — «napognas NleCHA>, B TO BpeMs, Kak B MOJaBCKOM — TOJbKO KOHKPeTHbIi NOSTHYeCKHi H My3bIKAMBHBI 2XaHp. C exopa enbHuo, B MOJaBCKOM A3bIKe CMbICW cuIORA opasqo yxe, 4em B JINTOBCKOM. OTO cy%KeHe cMbICa, XapakTepHoe Kak pa3 AVIA eKCHYeCKHX 18 Em. Comisel, P elimina ii la s udiul s iin{i ic al doinei, ,,Re is a de Folclo ", TV, 1959, Ne 1—2, c p. 157. 187 3aHMCTBOBaHHii, HMeJIO MeCTO, KaK HaM y2Ke H3BeCTHO, B ceBepHOl MosoBH- He JaKOPYMBIHCKOH TeppHTOPUH, TO-ecTb KaK pa3 Ha TeppHTOpHU, 2xUTeTH KOTOPOH AelicTBHTeIbHO MOTH CONpHKacaTbCsA ¢C MHTOBILAMH, OLITb Cc HUMU ec He B «coceACTBe>, TO XOTH Obl BXOAUTh B CHOWIeHHA BOeHHO O, TOp- opo o HM KyJIbTypHo o xapak epa. Kpome o o o, Ha ce o,HalHnii AeHb, KO Aa yKE HAKONMIOCh HEMANO (PaKTOB, MOXKHO 3aMeTHTb H CHeLyIO- ulee, 10-BHAHMOMY, BOBCe Hec1yyalinoe copnagenne: cioBo doina Gui ye B e o AHNaJeKTaJIbHBIX (popMax ddina u daind (c omb 6.1M3KHXx, Tox ZecTBeH- HbIX JJHTOBCKOMy daina!), 1 BO BCTYMHTeMbHBIX chopMyslax HM Kak HapogHb i TepMHH, Ha CeBepe, KaK pa3 B OONaCTH apea a ObITOBAHHA H ApeBHe i - mel CTaquH MYy3bIKaJIbHOH 9BO1104uH 9TO O xKaHpa.!? Hakone, 3auM- cTBOBaHHe ci10Ba doina ceqoBano Obl NpesoOxKUTh UM MOTOMY, 4TO, B OTAHYHE OT JHTOBCKOTO, Te COBO HMECeT HONbUyIO ONOpy B OAHOKOpHEBEIX CHOBaX, B aKOPYMBIHCKOM Si3bIKe doina ABAAeTCA COBOM-OCHOBOIi, H T0- TOMY TO BCe MPOHSBOAHbIe OT He o CIOBa OGpas0BaHbI Mp MOMOLIM cpaB- HHTCIbHO HOBBIX cyduKcos: uma Oownau o6pasoBpaHo mpu nomomm HO- Bo o B ASbIKe CyiuKca -aw, BeHTepcKOTO MpOHCXOxKAeHHA; B yMeHbIIH- TebHO-aCKaTeMbHOM OowHUYS UMeeTCH cyuKc caBAHCKO O Mpoucxox: AeHHA, BCe OCTaIbHbIe MpOHsBOAHbIe — Oo inap, a Ao iHU, OollHumoaps u OoiixuTop, XOTA HM OopMuJeHHEIe npH nMOMOMH cyduxkcos slaTHHcKko o TIPOHCXOK CHHA, BCE KE B MOMJABCKOM A3bIKe ABIAIOTCA MOBOJIbHO HOBbIMH o6pasopan amn — llepHoga ObITOBaHHA .caMo o MoOJaBcKo o s3bIKa. Bce 9TO — M Cy2KeHHe CMbICIa, M COBMaqeHHe apeaia AMaeKTabHOH (opMb Oa ina c apeanom jpeBHeiimel my3biKambHoil c anuu OWI, H, Hakouen, Mop(oso aa HOBbIX O6pasoBaHnii oT KopHeBo o cwoBa OollHa — He Mo ao Obl HMETb MeCTO, ecIH COBO OoiiHa (KaK TepMHH, He Kak NosTHUeCKHi 1 MYSBIKAJIBHBIH *KaHp!) Obi0 Obl AaKulicko o npoucxox AeHHA. SaMMcTBOBaHHe akopyMBIHCKO O doiiHa Mo sio HMeTh MecTO BO Bpe- MA pacilipeHuaA TpaHHy JIMTOBCKo o wapce Ba (XIII—XV sp.) snaoTh 70 panu Moagasun u cesepuoii Tpancumpeannu. Tponsoumio xe 3To 3auM- CTBOBaHHe MpAMBbIM OOpa3oM HIN 2%Ke Yepes MOcpeACTBO NOMbCKOTO ASEIKA: Tako o 2%e HeACHO O NPOHCXO*KAeHHA c0Bo dana (B KoHTeKc e: Da, dy, dana, da, dy, dana; Oj dana moja dana; Dana, dana, dana, dana; Dana ...lé ...W ip.) HMeeTCa HB MoubCKHX MecHAX2. Tleppona aibxHo, He 3Bec Hbii HaM KyIMeT UM Xe TOABKO 3TO OHO COBO, paHee ObITOBaBUIee B KaKOM-TO CaMOCTOSTebHOM KynaeTe (MoxeT ObITh WelicTBHTebHO H BOeHHOTO XapakTepa, H Ha JIMTOBCKOM si3bIKel!) m0- NaslO B TeCKCT Tpa MIMOHHOTO 3auHHa MeCTHOI TpayuNMOHHOM MenogzHH Holin i. BMec e ¢ nosTH¥ecKHM KyMWIeTOM WIM pedpeHHbIM cOBOM B 3TOT 3a4HH ObIIM MIpHBHeCeHbI, OKa3aJIMCb HanJlaCTOBaHHbIMH HH KOHTAaMHHH- * Béla Ba ék, Insemna i asup a cin ecului popula ominesc, Cu 0 p e a a de Zeno Vancea, ,,Re ai Lexicon‘, Vol. Supl., 1935, e p. 73; Ap. Tibe iu Alexand u, Béla Ba ék desp e olclo ul ominesc, Bucu es i, 1958, e p. 73; C . Em. Comisel, Op. ci ., e p. 149. * Cm., Hanpumep, cOopauk: Dol Chybinski, Od Ta do Bal yky, K akéw, 1950, NN 89, 140, 177, 208 u ap. 188 POBaHHbIMH S/1eMeHTEI HeOObIUHOM Menonnu. (Kak MbI yxKe 3HaeM, 3a4nH 9TO O AAKOPYMBIHCKO O My3bIKaJIbHO O %aHpa, B KOTOpoM caoBo doina TONbKO HM (u ypHpye , He cBa3aH eneTHUeCKH uH TeMaTMYeCKH c TpanH- MMOHHOH NOiHOi). Sa em, Ona ogapa yxe yTBepAMBUeMyca OCTOAHCTBY 3auHHa H, CiI€OBaTe/IbHO, YaCTOTe ynoTpe6/1eHHA cOBa, OHO H30NMpoOBa- W10Cb M3 KOHTeKCTa B KayeCTRe TE PMMHA AA BCe O My3bIKasIbHO O 2KaHpa. S y H30HUHI0 MBI HaGslOLaeM Mu ce onHA B Mapamypeule, ye TepMHH duina we MoxeT O6bITb OTAeNeH OT OOEIUHOTO nopTopenua dui-dui-dui, Ko- Topoe cileaye OMHaKO pacCMaTpHBaTb He Kak OOpa30BaTeNbHbIii KOPeHb Audi COBa, a Kak e o ciegcTBHe. Ho B Mapamypeule, ye cBa3b pecpen- HO O NOBTOPCHHA C yAKe H30/IMPOBaBLIMMCA TepMHHOM OMWyTHMa H ce ogHA, COXpaHHJICA 3aKOHCeEPBUPOBaHHbIM ApeBHeliluuii TH MeO_HH Aol. Tipu H€PaBHOMEPHOCTH Pa3BHUTHA MyY3bIKaJIbHbIX 2KaHPOB Ha Pa3SHbIx TeppHTO- PHAX, Mbl MOXKEM AONYCTHTb, YTO HMCHHO TakOii xe Mpouecc coBepllusAcH u B Mosgapun: u3 Tako o xe «HHopogHo o» sauna ci0BO H30JIMpoBaJlocb H yTBepAHNOCh Kak TepMuH. Ho s o npowsouio yxKe Ha KaKOM-TO paHHem a ane ObITOBaHHA AOliHbI c ee NPHBHECeHHEIM 3a4uHHOM. Menonua xe camoii HOU! CeMOBaa 32eCb CBO NyTb 2BOMIONMH HM OTMaNeHUA ee OT apes- elie c aquM, coxpanueu elica To1bKo B Mapamypeme. Esponeiickue yuenble He 3HaH 0 HaqMYHH B MOAaBCKOM u PYMbIH- CKOM s3bIKax Cl0Ba Oodixa. JIuToBcKOe xe daina HeKOTOpHIe 3 HHX, Kak, HanpuMep, Moxann Umug , o nocuau x Kopmo di- « anuesa e», Apy ue — K deja «xano6a», dejdo i «Kanopa pca» (neiixep), a Tux e u An6ep Be6ep yc anopHan anee cBa3b e o c cooTBeTc BHaMH Apy ux HHoeBpo- nelCKHX ASbIKOB (M€PCHACKHM, 3e€HXCKHM Hu Apy umu). B nocaeqHem 3TH- MOJIOTHYCCKOM COBape JMTOBCKo O s3biKa E. @pexkess?!, B KoTOpom Boc- MpuHsTo MHeHHe Il[mug a, OTMeyeHO, uTO cOBO daina ObITyeT HM B AaTHIL- CKOM ASBIKe C TEM *Ke CMBICJIOM, H YTO OHO POACTBEHHO C JATBILICKHM xe aano om dié « anuesa b», «me h». [Ipoc paiaa oKyMenTalua mo ce- MaHTHKe HaHHO O C/1OBa NPHBeseHa B JaTBHlicKO-HeMelKOM CloBape K. Mio- ‘eH6axa u A. Suz3ennHa??. BoiBHHyTas BbIe umoTesa O JHTOBCKOM mpoHcxoxKTeHHH akOpyMBIH- CKol OodHe: KacaeTcCA, pasyMeeTca, TOMbKO TepMuHoOmo HMuecKol CTOpOHbI Bonpoca. Jloli a — aupuyeckuii xaup. A aupuxa — HenmpeMeHHas yacTb oubKOpa Bcex Hapogos. Ilo cBoei KonKpeTHoii (opMe u coyep2xaHuio Hola ocoGeHHo O1u3ka AMupHuecKkHM necHAM HapOdOB, %KMBYWHX Ha Baa- Kanax. Ho HM MupoKoe pacnpoc paneHue 2%aHpa B We OM, HH Oonee KOH- KpeTHOe CxOACTBO e o y OnpeeseHHO O Kpy a Hapo OB HUKAaK HeNb39 pac- CMaTPHBaTb Kak 3aHMCTBOBaHHe, Kak Mu paluio. DombLKAOpucTH onepH- PyloT TaKHM TepMHHOM, Kak NOMUFeHE3HC, KOTOPbIM OOoOsHayaeTCA ca- MO3aPOXKACHHE %KAHPa OMHOBPeEMeCHHO y Pa3HBbIX HapogoB, nopoii o en * P o . E. F aenkel, Li auisches E ymologisches Wo e buch, Lie e ung I, Heidel- be g—Gi ingen, 1956, s. . ™ K. Miilenbachs—J. Endzelins, La ieSu alodas a dnica, I-IV, Riga, 1923 — 1932, 189 OTAANCHHBIX Apy OT Apy a, Kak cueACTBHe OAMHAKOBBIX ycnoBHil ma e- PHaJbHOH MH AYXOBHOH xXH3HH. C umb %ke My3bIKaNbHO O %KaHpa joliHa no HaGmO_CHHAM He onHO o MYSBIKOBe1a OTCbIIaeT Hac He Ha ceBep, He B cTOpoHy JIuTBEI, a Ha BOCTOK (cp. yKpaHHcKHe AyMpl) H Ha 10 o-BOcTOK (Béla Ba ék)?3, Ha soc ox (C. B ailoiu)*, u x llepcucko-apa6ckomy Makamy (Emil Riegle Dinu)2°. CpaBHHTenbHBIM H3y¥eHHeM MomaBcKOli Oowne u mUTOBCKUX daina ene HHKTO H€ SAHHMAJICA, HO HET COMHEHHS, YTO TeMa a a HaliqeT B CKO- POM BpeMeHH cBOe O HccIeROBaTemA-SHTy3HacTa. Kak 8H2HO H3 H310%KeHHO O, BoMpoc 06 exuHOM NpOHCxo*KMeHHH MoOW- AaBCKO O H AHTOBCKO O TepMHHa Oodna—daina He Tak SJ@MeHTapeH, Kak OH MpegcTaBia cs cBbiine 80-TH neT TOMy Hasaq naxKe TaKOMy MacTHTOMy YueHOMY, KakuM sipaicd Xawasy. YaAuBuTenbHOe oHeTHYecKoe coBnase- HHe STHX TBYX TEPMHHOB H HX CCMAHTHYECKaA OH3OCTb HYKMalOTCA B Mab- HeHLIHX KPONOT/IMBIX HCCeOBAHHAX OObEMUHEHHEIX ycuNuii H A3bIKOBeq0B (quanekToso os Hu 9THMOnO HCTOB) Hu, laBHEIM 06pa30M, MY3bIKOBexoB, 1 HE TObKO MOJAaBCKHX H PYMBIHCKHX, HO H YKPaHHCKHX, MOJbCKHX, wa- TBILICKHX H, 6e3yc0BHO, JHTOBCKHX. Kuumunes MOLD., RUM. DOINA KILMES KLAUSIMU G. BOGACIUS Reziumé S aipsnio au o ius iskelia hipo eze, kad zodj doina, ku is nuo XIX a. idu io plaGiai isigaléjo kaip olklo is ikos e minas am ik ai dainos i- Siai zyme i, dako- umunai XIII—XV a. galéjo pasiskolin i is lie u iu, ku iy als ybés sienos uo me u sieké Molda ija i Siau ine T ansil anija. Pa- siskolin i jie galéjo iesiog i8 lie u iy a ba pe lenky kalba. Kad Zodis. doina dako- umuny kalboje y a skolinys, ody u i ai, kad Sio Zodzio eiksmé, palyginus su lie u iy daind eik&me, y a susiau éjusi, be o, i8- es iniai zodziai is doina suda y i su naujais, daugiausia s e imos kilmés su iksais. ; * Béla Ba ék, Op. ci ., 191, 192; Ap. Tibe iu Alexand u, Op. ci ., 75. * Cons . B ailoiu, La musique populai e oumaine, ,,La e ue musicale“, N spé- cial: ,,La musique dans les pays la ins‘, 1940, e p. 7-8. * Emil Riegle Dinu, Das uminische Volkslied, Be lin, 1940; Ap. Em, Comisel, Op. ci ., c p. 150.