Apie kai kurių žemaitiškų žodžių vartojimą

LEE ToU V. pl UE KLA VL, BOS: LE K SILK -O SR AWD A LAER ETOU ME ORB T STR 2 MO SK SL .U OS A RKS AL DO EBU MOT Fa ABOUT KAI THE USE OF CERTAIN ZEMAITIAN WORDS V. VITKAUSKAS This article examines a few words typical of some of the Žemaičių šnektų dialects: cjrulis „viversys, gu vyturys“, krūpis „toad“, kūlis “stone”, pile Ants, furs "Winter wheat". Specifies jų values, derivatives, usage, touchable ir jų the question of origin. "Dictionary of the English Language". ir The area of these words is shown on the maps based on the records of the Lithuanian Language Atlas and the author’s notes. : Cyrulis. As one of the differences iš of the lexicon of Žemaičių dialektai from the literary language (Ik.) In philological literature, the term cjrulis žemaitinis is most — commonly used. the name of a wild owl (Alauda arvensis). According to the current available material, the word cjrulis is used west of the line in the Žemaičių dialektai. į Laižuva — Mažeikiai — Nevarėnai — Telšiai — Žarėnai — Kvėdarna — Vainutas — Z. New Town — of Donians border with high-countsu ry westerners to Nemuno — Labguva (see section 4.4). 1 Figure 1. ). Thus, the word cjrulis is now known to all Donians, most of the Donians (except for Vegerių, Akmenės, Papilės, Viekšnių, Tryškių, Eigirdžių, Lauko Sodos, Luokės neighborhoods), mud miners about Švėkšna, Teneniai, Ž. Kvėdarnas, Vainutas, Nau- ‘miestj. This word, only other pronunciation eyruljs, — also had East Prussian highlanders western schnekte about Gilya, Labguval. Ji in his writings used M. Valančius, S. Daukantas, Vaižgantas, the Easterner who lived for a long time in Žemaitija, Klaipėda region periodical press (e.g., "Lithuanian Ceitunga) ir kt. This word is found in many folklore collections (e. g. L. Rhesus In "Songs", M. Valančius' "Proverbs of the 1913 m. Žemaites", published in "Tales about birds" and others). The word cyrulis is recorded by Ch. G. Milkaus, A. Juškos, J. Šlapelio, M. Nydermano and other dictionaries. The word cyrulis (cyrulys) is presented extensively, with many sentences from writings and living language, in the great “Dictionary of Lithuanian Language”. It shows that our schnecks know two forms of this word — cfrulis (1) and cyrulys (39). The first pronunciation is used by all Žemaites, living west of the line LaiZuva — TelSiai — Rietavas — Kintai (except the Klaipėda area), and the third b — Žarėnai, Rietavo, Judrėnai, Veiviržėnai, Švėkšnos, Ž. Naumiestis, Kintai, Šilutė, Rusnė, Klaipėda, the Lithuanian fishermen- ’s schnettes in Prussia (see fig. 1). The word cyrulis, only with a strong suffix, is also known to Lithuanians of Ciskoda in the Latvian SSR?2. 1 Zr, Lithuanian fishermen- 's dialect in Prussia, Kaunas, 1933, p. 92. * See K. Būga, Selected Writings, II (prepared by Z. Zinkevičius), Vilnius, 1959, p. 289—290. 155 There are few derivatives of the word crulis (cyrulys): cfrulé "cow name" (Tirkšliai), cyruliūoti "talk" (ppr. about a quarter) (Šatės), cjrulivoti ‘t. p.’ : ci'rulis O'nkstėi pavū'sari pra-ded ci"roldute (Mosėdis), cpruliitis "little willow, little willow" (Salantai)? ir another one. Regarding the use of this word, it must be said that it is still very alive in the mentioned Žemaičių dialects ir be I'm going. substitutes. In most places (e.g., Mzk 7d OVey Lz 7 (< : gem 22 Osk 4 Vkš Krp 7 7; 2 Pp Oskn WZ o OK no Z Ons O Pš [0] | [0] Grz OTrš Rsn 777 1 DIY 2 ZR. Kris : L, Mšk o Lp to ne Shiu Ktė Pin Žr | vo Varn OLkv Ša V o o Kltn Si Vn 0 2ge \Trg o On Skdv Rdn Lk Uzv [o] OK Krtv o Shauk Km rž Ti O Rd Oshin Ošiv ONmk OEriž OGr OVdk Ar O Grk o © O Šmk OGrnk Prnv OoP88 ov . Smin rly š Raud rly VĮ o Kai G Pik r OSk Op ks OSnt Oc: oCk Nm Oo Sid o Lkė O Kaunas OBr J ke OPkr ORz O Sa OBsg OGdž OKrk [e] OKbr OPlv KzR Vv Vik ov © v . OSs Oshil OPjv ž O, OKps O0Gd! White o OBri Old vi Brb? OGraz OKlvr OLbv Krsn Smn o “1 Figure 1. Spread of the word cjrulis (cyrulys) in Lithuanian dialects (1 — cjrulis, 2 — cyrulys)į apie Judrėnai, Veiviržėnai, Klaipėda, Priekulė, Dovilai, Skuodas, Mosėdis, ir etc.) the older generation does not even know I'm going. words vieversys, vyturys, the o younger dialect representatives often also fluctuatingbe ly use the Žemaitijos word cyrulis (or cyrulys). True, on the edge of the area of this word as adjacent forms already prevail I'm going. ir Eastern Semitic dialects Words vieversys (approx. Mažeikius, Tirkšlius), vyturjs (approx. Tenenius). The school-going youth in the whole area of the word cyrulis (cyrulys) know both I'm going. forms (vyturys, vieversys) and, speaking of the su unbelievable, lk. a talking Man, uses them to confuse, as sometimes happens. * Plg. Dictionary of the English II Language, (red. J. Balčikonis), Vilnius, Lithuania 1947, p, 28. 156 It must be said that in some cases the word yrulis ¢ (cyrulys) goes beyond its už range: in figurative meanings the word is known to the šį Žemaičių šnektas about Kuršėnus, Vidsodį, Raudėnus, Papilę etc., ir where it means: a) "small animal, man", e.g.: vari'k tit ciruli šalin. (Kuršėnai), korn that ci'rulis will help (Raudėnai) ir t. t.; b) "childish nicknames for the ką unable", e.g.: ci"ruli | neshin (wicker) | aš pabefi.ksu pinti (Kuršėnai) ir etc. Su oral cjrulis (cyrulys), be doubtless, it is necessary ir to associate the name of the breed of small chickens (only with su short root vowel) ciruliūkai — (cyrulic acid "little trigger", circle “little chicken”). For example: tér gaidė.ka cerolė.ka mū'ža (Laukuva), jail. that bucket missy curly chicken (Kuršėnai) and ir others. Kuršėnų, Vidsodžio, Šaukėnų, Raudėnų, Papilės, Tryškių ir and some other Žemaičių dialects, even in individual ir dialects of jų neighboring northern Highlands (Žagarė, Šakyna, Gruzdžiai ir etc.), where the bird Alauda arvensis is called only by the word vieversjs, a widely used shepherd's song, in which cjrulis is mentioned instead of the usual word vieversjs. The etymologists of the word cjrulis ir compare it to the Kurish language. jį su Latvian cirulis*, known throughout the Latvian language area ir I'm going. norm. This opinion is based on the consonantism of the word's root, the coincidence with the Latvian su equivalent, the geography of part of this iš word. ir In turn Lithuanian (žemaičių) cjrulis (cyruljs), Latvian cirulis are related su to Russian 4«4puKAmMmo ‘čirkšti’, Slovenian chiriti ‘n.e.c.’ ir In my opinion, it is still possible to specify Lithuanian cifpti “„čirkšti, blaauti“, Latvian cirkstėt „čirkšti“, perhaps, Lithuanian ir čirkšti, that is already.rodyty o onomatopéjing of the word cjrulis cyrulys) origin. ( Ciskodo Lithuanian word cyrulis, according to K. Boge, is borrowed by Latvians even at the iš time when Latvians firmly started (falling) the premonition had not į turned the anchor (stiepta)®. Crop. Northern Samogitians completely different from I'm going. Toad (Bufo vulgaris) called the word crab (crunched, ar crunched, crunched). This is how the reptile is called in Žemaičių dialects north of į Nemirseta, Jokūbavo, Endriejavo, Tverų, Viekšnalių, Šaukėnų, Kurtuvėnų, i.e. in almost all of the dounists' talks, except Gargždų, Endriejavo, Rietavo, Veiviržėnų, Judrėnų neighborhoir ods, mud miners talk about Kuršėnus, Vidsodį, Kurtuvėnus (see section 4.4). 2 Figure 1. ). Like the mentioned Žemaičių ir šnektos, the reptile is called šį krūpis by the pažemaitės highlanders ir about Žagarė, Skaistgiris, Šakyna, Kužiai, Gruzdžiai. Į our fictional language introduced jį iš to Women to writers Lazdynų Owl ir S. Kyocera-Mitsubishi. It's captured. S. In other A. dictionariA. es by J. Daukanto, M. Juška, ir Lalis, Šlapelis, Nyderman. Most of the material given in the academic "Dictionary of Lithuanian language", only there by accident got sentences with this word su ir jo variants iš Panemunėlio (Rokiškio raj.), Žemaitkiemio (Ukmergės raj.), Vilkaviškio, Šunskų (Capsule.) ko sniffs. As we have already seen, the root of this word varies in individual dialects. According to the material available at the moment, the Dounians, living in the quadrangle between the — Nėmirsetos - Žarėnų — Seated, ir all the šį word reptile Bufo vulgaris described by mudmen as krūpė kriūpė ar (ē-kam.), o the remaining — dounininkai * kirŽr. K. Miilenbacha The Latvian language. Edited, supplemented, J. E ncontinued I, by dzelins, Riga, 1923—1925, p. 391. j į * Min. ill., p. 391—392; E. Fraenkel, Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 1, Heidelberg, pis or kriūpis 1962, p. 70. * K. Būga, min. veik., p. 289—290. 157 (ia-kam.) (see fig. 2). Such variation of stems in Lithuanian is a common phenomenon, and in this case the ė-stem form may have been influenced by the words frolė, ripužė „such curse“, kūkužė „etc.“, piktvarlė,,Bufo vulgaris“, krūpvarlė „etc.“ and others. The Northwest Highland Schnacks, who know the word, use only the form krūpis. In addition to the direct meaning (Bufo vulgaris), the word krūpis in the Žemaičių and the mentioned Vysokiai dialects very often has other, figurative meanings. First, he mayo od Sleep taken Akm VE Zp ot) “8 o o KlvrŽ O Pp O Škn 4 iY Al OTrs Jers MRA & 7, om I “and in Zh gn Ši r Sie O Pki Žr ik Krtv 9) Ra ORz Sauk o YVarn 8 NN RI N NSS Vvr o Prk Lkv, Kp OKIm R y KYW" OKitn: i WN OSh Skdv yn Sly Slu NIMZNg o x Rsn o Erž o we VRE ADR oG: © Gk \QAr©® vi Smin HP Raud vi í ra) o Srd Kdi GI Pik pr 'o snt S Olkš 5 O Vikv OSs Ši PF Prn r Gz OBrt OLdvn B N rb SN I Quoc” aa 0 Mate fig. 2 Use of the word kripis, kripé in Lithuanian dialects krapis [1 — (Bufo vulgaris), 2 —krūpė (Bufo vulgaris), 3 —krūpis, krūpė (only figurative meanings)] used as a gentle curse to scold mischievous children (meaning,,toad, rabid) is sometimes of the common genus (substantivum commune): iščik paZwrék tas krūpis šūlni nei'roptu ir | | ka i (Root), where it ta grows out (Root), sometimes substantivum mobile next to — the form krūpis to indicate the masculine gender the form krūpė to indicate the ir feminine gender: akšin pasaki“su kit tas krūpis padir- | | ba (Kuršėnai), nedird ta krūpi galvuos iSuki-ti (Kuršėnai), t6"n krū.pi rūda pėpūose (Raudėnai), douk ta: kropé i kaili ę klausi:s (Raudėnai) and so on. Be to, the word krūpis (kriūpis) can mean,,a small child, a small man, a small animal, anyway a small thing“, in this case krūpis (kriūpis) can ar be a substantivum commune: kū“ krūpis means Iš prėš tdėki vira šoki 158 tu (Root), look at such a krūpis stirred-ukus | stirred-ukus | noka te" | that person nė (Root), or substantivum mobile: tūoks krū.pis tas vėū'ks bet mg'ndros | (Mosėdis), tioki krė.pę Spouléle ni sočopnūotę (Mosėdis), raddu tris kaušeleūs lizi tiokus krūpelūs (Kuršėnai), visd" krupiki ddr | su vai.kū besnekuii.ti (Kuršėnai) ir etc. Abiem The word is used in many dialects of Žemaitija, which repli ir ty Bufo vulgaris calls only the word rupké this dounininkai — about Endriejavą, Veiviržėnus, Judrénus, mud miners about Švėkšna, Kvėdarnas, Laukuva, Varniai, Užventis, Pavandenė, Šaukėnai (see section 4.4). 2 Figure 1. ). Such a broader use of the word krūpis in a figurative sense seems to indicate ir that earlier, at least in part of this area, it could have been used in a literal sense, although, on the other hand, the ir aforementioned dialects could have jį ir borrow from iš their northern neighbors. The word krūpis kriūpis), krūpė ( (kriūpė) has a lot of vedic, derived with various, sometimes su very rare suffixes. For example: krūpius,-ė "little child" (Šaukėnai), krinpelis,,keiksmaZodis* (Barstyčiai), krupėkšla ‘t.p.’ (Kuršėnai), hybrid krupėlka (as bobėlka, kumélka ir etc.) ‘t.p.’ (Kuršėnai, Šakyna), krūpena ( kriūpena) ‘t.p.’ (Kuršėnai, Papilė, Raudėnai, Ž. Kalvarija etc.), ir croupier (Crocodile) ‘t.p.’ (Kuršėnai, Pavandenė, Ž. Kalvarija ir etc.), krūpkis „t.p.“ to'n : krė.pkęe réks mūi'štę pri“ | svééiin kė'kas (Judrėnai), kruplėža ‘t.p.’ (Crown) ‘t.p.’ (Shates), croupier "t.p." : kropé-ité: | crops | what for us" (Underwatir er) etc. Be Furthermore, the Žemaičių šnektas has a number of compound words, the first sand of which is the root krup- (kriup-). These are floating words like (ambiguous works, probably hybrid) kripmausis | krikpmaušis (Kuršėnai, Šakyna, Raudėnai, Tryškiai etc.), krūplaižis ir (Varniai), kritpmurza (Šatės), kriūpnagis (Kaltinėnai, Kalvarija), hybrid Ž. kriupskūris (Šatės) etc., words denoting ir certain kinds of objects, e.g.: kriūpkartūnis „toks kartūnas“ (Šatės), crossroads „bad, kratus kelias“ (Kartena), crippled „tam tikras veislės kiaulės“ (Šatės), kriūpvarlė „ropūžė“: kropvacrle ruopūo (Šventoji), kriūpvištė „maža višta“ (Šatės), kriūpvikis „tokios veislės vikis“ (Now) kt. ir Su with the root krup- (kriup-) are often formed verbs, usually meaning ugly, slow movement, e.g.: kriupėnti (Šatės, Alsėdžiai), krupėnti (Mažeikiai, Laukuva), kriupinéti (Kalnalis), krupinėti (A. Juškos dictionary, Šilalė, Veiviržėnai), kriupynoti (Kalnalis), kriupinti (Kalnalis), krupinti (A. "Dictionary". ir kt ? The difference in the root of all these words is striking: in some speakers the r is hard, and in others it is soft. From the available material it appears that the words of the kryupšaknis are used only in Šventosios, Salantų, Kalnalio, Mosėdžio, Skuodo, Ylakių, Židikų, Sedos, in part Pikelių, Tirkšlių? in the neighborhood conversations. This limit only partially coincides with the area of the use of soft r in the root of krduti type words: the hard r in the word krūpis || krupé and its derivatives is found in the Žemaičių —Kretingos, Budrių, Plungės, Papilės, Akmenės, Mažeikių, Veiviržėnų, Judrėnų —and Vysočiečių —Šakynos, Gruzdžių, Žagarės, etc. —schnektos, where in many other words there is a soft r, e.g.: * See A. IOmkesuu, Jiutosckiil cJioBaps, Buin. Tperiū, [letporpaas, 1922, p. 257. 8 See. Ibid. * For the material in this section, see plg. Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language, VI (edited by J. Kruopas), Vilnius, 1962, pp. 651, 652, 715, 716, 717. 1 In these conversations it is said kFu.pis and krit.pis or kFo.pe and k78.pe. 159 krė.ša, kra'ustūos (Veiviržėnai), sra.ungs, ruoksūoje (Judrėnai), krūus ~ kriailjas (Tirkšliai- ), kfdruf (Žagarė), krokt (Šakyna) and so on, which already indicates a later softening of the r in this word and its Vedic variants in the North-West Samogitian dialects. The same is true of the little use of the word krupis in Latvian.” At present, krūpis (or krūpė, kriūpis, kriupé) is a living and very widely used word in the mentioned Žemaičių dialects, to which Ik. so far has not done and still does not have a greater impact. The word and its derivatives are often used in the above-mentioned figurative meanings. In some places, the word krūpis (krūpė) on the outskirts of the area (about Kurtuvėnai, Vidsodis, very rarely about Luokė and Kuršėnai- ), next to it is already said and the word rūpkė, which is more often used by the younger generation, and if the elderly say, it is only in proverbs. For example: i'sikabara va kap rūpki i" ruokun.di (Kuršėnai) and so on. In all the dialects of the Dunians and Dunians, using the word krūpis or its derivatives, the word pūžužė is only a curse and with the name of the beast (Bufo vulgaris) perhaps only in the last years, strengthening lk. influence, speakers have only begun to associate. The name of the animal, which is also used as a surname, is derived from the word for the animal. Here this word becomes more and more powerful, displacing the word krūpis. In addition to the aforementioned Lithuanian dialects, the Latvians also call Bufo vulgaris —krupis (rarely krupis)'®. In the Prussian language the word was used crupeyle, “frog”*3, J. Endzelynas associates Latvian krupis (krupis) with Latvian krupt “to tear, to split”, krūpis “toad”, kraupa “horse’s rash”, and all these with Old Slavic krupa “fragment, scrap”, Old English Aruf “rash”, hreof “rough”! *, In Lithuanian dialects, which have the word krūpis, its variants or derivatives, more words with similar root are used: krūpti „Shašti, spuogais aptekti“ (Kuršėnai, Tryškiai, Šakyna and others), kriūpti „etc.“ (Mosėdis, Salantai and others), kriupūotas "apšašęs spuoguotas" (Šatės), nukrūpelis "apšašėlis" (Kuršėnai), kriupytas "perliniu raštu megztas- ": kūoks če tava nė'rtinis | a krupi'c (Mosėdis) and others. Thus, the Samogitian word krūpis (krūpė, kriūpis or kriūpė), which in earlier times meant “apsases, grooved animal”, is common with the corresponding Latvian and Old Prussian words and has counterparts in other Ide languages. Bullet. Instead of lk. and most of our dialects of the word stone Žemaičiai, living to the west of Židikai, Seda, Telšiai, Žarėnai, Tverai, Pajūris and to the north of Vainuto, Ž. Naumiestis, Ramučiai, Šilutė, Rusnė (see fig. 3) use the word kūlis. This word was used in the dialects of the Pajūrio, Kvėdarno and Švėkšnos mud-makers and most of the don-makers by authors from that region — A. Emphasis, S. Daukanto, A. Kosaževskio —writing, it is found in many folklore collections: S. Daukanto in the,,Abecela t” added proverbs, M. Valančiaus “Patarlės Žemaičių- ”, C. Jurkšaičio “Pasakose”, “Klaipėdiškių dainų”, A. Basanavičiaus “Klaipėdiečių dainų” In “Lithuanian tales”, “Tautosakos works” VII volume, in various manuscript collections, preserved in the manuscripts of the Lithuanian Language and Literature Institute. It is also recorded in various language publications, e.g. : A. Baranausko tarminiuose un Zr. K. Miilenbach- 's Latvian Language Vocabulary. J, Endzelins, II, Riga, 1925—1927, p. 287. 12 See. K. Miilenbacha Latvian Language Vocabulary, vol. 2, ibid. from See K. Būga, Selected Writings, I (prepared by Z. Zinkevičius), Vilnius, 1958, p. 427. 1 See K. Miilenbacha's Latvian Language Vocabulary, II, ibid. See also E. Fraenkel, Litauisches etymologisches Worterbuch, 1, Heidelberg, 1962, p. 290, and other dictionaries by Juška, Šlapelis, Nyderman. 160 A. J. M. ir How Klaipeda region word, it was inserted į G. H. F. Neselmano, F. Kuršaitis dictionaries, but for these authors the word kūlis, apparently, was not well known, so it is not quite correctly presented there as mot. — genus noun kulis,-ės'5. The word kūlis is written in the so-called ir In the XVII a. manuscript Krauze in the dictionary: White Olos Kulys et ir al. This article about a word is a stub. ,,Lietuviy kalbos žodyne“, area not badly marked, jo only it was necessary to pay attention to the į meaning of this word and Lž kd OYIN EN g 0 OMe NT Vks» p Sk o Blood Klvr N N Skn Jnš O Sint © R p & ODr Opt o Krš Grz Ša N o Ping K Pin 1 Ran te o 3 o SONNE 88 g it Kip WY Grg ij 8 Tv N R í RO 082 ra Vi \ ja or us, o v Kim L R 5 o Na Right T OGmk NKitn® Nmk Kin \tSv Shiv o O Gdž Vn o Vdk [2] ss 8 L Skdv o Rs 4th ed. > \ 12 O Bt Bg o OB2 p, OD Ke NC \O gC ak No, © o 79 Pge [0] ' sv Srd O Bb Kd GI py g, VK O OlLka Rdd o Sk an Jnk fat 0000 AR as - PSS Nm OB © o r ' o R & an A LE ias 66 m Kbr o Plv o N Vb © Kps DONNY 2 o power So Pjv OCs OLldvn Brb Vt OKlv: Ie TEC ja Ča 3 Figure 1. Use of the word kūlis in Lithuanian dialects (1 — bundle ,,any kind of stone“, only the sayings 2 — milling wheels, milling wheels) do not write an example with it from the Paringio (Ignalina district) schnet, where this word is hardly used. It is possible that the present word areaal no longer ar corresponds to the former. Most of the Žemaites who use this word are now well acquainted with Zino 1k. the word akmué and use it quite often, adapted to the noun system of other consonant roots. For example, in the surroundings of Švėkšnos and Judrėnai even the oldest, 70-80-year-old dialect representatives, and "Zr. G. H. F. Nesselmann, Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language, Königsberg, 1851, p. 208; F. Kurschat, Lithuanian-German Dictionary, Halle, 1883, p. 11. Uzzak, No. 174 161 even when talking among themselves, they say akmito much more often than kūlis, the younger generation here says o the word keilis only in exceptional cases. Thus, the Samogitian word kūlis, especially in the literal meaning of,,stone- *, has begun to disappear. Jį displaces I'm going. ir in the vast majority of our dialects, the word stone. This process has not started today, as various written sources show. For example, a. the author of the 18th edition of "Žyvatai..- ." writes: lvipe prypylty siesis sudinus ysz akmenyis, ira tay stotkas yszkule? ?, tynay... buwa du sized stone or cube’. The word stone has used ir Valančius (e. g. : Asz him bread su time, ąns mqn stone svijde, su ar ne badass?? ). Iš Laukuvos apylinkės, kur žodis kūlis didžia dalimi išnykęs"*, Kosaževskio is written A. the name of the stone stdba kūl's, field name Strange thing about which K. The Bow writes: ,,Minétasis stūba kūl's is an idol's stump, i.e. stone of iš which (in ancient times) an idol was made"*". Those Žemaičių šnektos, which instead of I'm going. The word akmué means stone, has a number ir of derived su ta compound words. ir For example: burned ‘stoney’ (Gegrėnai), ball ,,a stony place“ ( Judrėnai, Veiviržėnai, Palanga, Barstyčiai), hill “river threshold” (Švėkšna), “stony stone” (Plateliai, Šatės, Beržoras, Priekulė ir etc.), “girnakalys” (Skuodas), “kulgraužis” ‘t.p.’ (Palanga, Kalnalis), wedge floor "stone-paved road" (Kvėdarna), conical floors a) "stone-paved path" (Barstyčiai), "secret b) underwater path" (Plateliai), kilkerpé "stone statue worker" (Salantai) “lichens growing on stones” (Mosėdis, Palanga, Darbėnai), “stone quarry” (Saugos, Priekulė, Palanga), “stone quarry” ‘t.p.’ (Kartena), dust mites ,,about the millstones spread flour” (Ylakiai), kdilmiltés ;,t.p.’ (Barstyčiai), wheelbarrow,,for carrying stones“ (Šatės), wheelbarrow 1. ,,stone carrier“: a pė'nkis mėtūs g.ns tė'n ežbė.va kū'Iveži os (Mosėdis); 2. "for the transport of stones" ir (Šatės) etc.? *. The word kūlis or vediniai in jo some defined meanings occurs in a larger area than previously mentioned, i.e. out of už their range: many zemaites all — dounininkai east of į Židikai, Nevarėnai, Telšiai, Žarėnai, dounininkai east of į Kvėdarnos, Pajūrio, į north of Šilalė, west of į Krazių, Vaiguvos, Kurtuvėnų villages (see section 4.4). 3 Figure 1. — the millstone (millside) is called or the combination of words girnų kiljs (Akmenė, Papilė, Laižuva, Pavandenė, Šilalė, Pajūris, Vidsodis, Vaiguva, some villages of Kuršėnai district, etc.), or in a ir compound word girnūkūlis (Leckava, Pikeliai, Tirkšliai, Nevarėnai, Tryškiai, Raudėnai, Luokė, Varniai, Užventis, Laukuva, some villages of Kuršėnai district, etc.). ir The name is derived from the north-westir ern ridge of the mountain. ir (this is probably a loan tų from the Samogitiiš ans). As in the mentioned western Zemgaling dialects the word keilis is replaced by the word akmuš, so in the eastern Zemgaling ir dialects the saying girnų ir kūlys jų girnūkūlis has been used frequently, especially about ar Vaiguva, Kuršėnai, Užventis, Papilė, Šakynas, ir etc., are replaced by the words girnų akmud, girnų ūkminas. 16 See. "Zhivatas Pona yr Gods of the Moth Jesus Christa... aprasite Methuselah Pona 1753... Wilniaw... Metusy Pona 1787, p. 62. 17 Min. ill., p. 213. 18 (M. Valančius), Proverbs Zemaithiu, and Tilzaye, 1867, p. 6. 19 In the area of Laukuva the word kljs is now used, meaning ,,girnapuse”. - -* See. K. Būga, Dievaitis ‘idolum’ (prierašai)- ,,,Lietuviy People", 1, Vilnius, Lithuania 1907, p. 214. 2! "Lietuvių kalbos žodynas" (in VI Lithuanian). red. J. Kruopas), Vilnius, many 1962, p. 828—861, ° 162 Iš examples in the article show that the schnekts know two forms of this word: kūllis (2) ir kūlys It is (4). interesting that the fourth accent of this word is pronounced exactly in those dialects where it is used in the compound name girnų kūlys. This could indicate the subsequent spread of this name as a term of folk material culture in the eastern dialects of the northwestern Highlands ir jų neighbouring the Žemaites. Be The above-mentioned Lithuanian Samogitian speakers, the other Baltic language word keilis does not have. This is a peculiar Žemaičių word, which, as you can guess, was used by the Curonianir s. Etymologišį sts have different interpretations of the word. K. The jį bridge is su linked by k. the Lithuanian word kūlynas "a shrub grown from one stem", Latvian su Curonian dialect word kūl/iens?2, At the same time K. The name implies the origin of the word from the Greek word for ridge. Pyle. Žemaičiai, living west į of Židikai, Seda, Alsėdžiai, Žarėnai, Tverai, Laukuva, Vainuto, Naumiestis, Šilininkai, Ž. unlike I'm going. ir most of us sniff both domestic and wild duck (Anas) calls it the word pj/é. As we see in the iš attached map (see section 4.4). 4 fig.), the word pylė is used by all the Donians, the Pajūrio dounininkai ir Kvėdarnir as Švėkšnos (see section 4.4). 4 Figure 1. ). This word is used only in the aforementine oned conversations, but is recorded in various ir written sources. Jį find S. In the writings of Daukantas, Vydūnas, in the periodical press of Klaipėda region (Lietuviškoje Ceitungoje), in individual folklore collections: „Klaipėdiškių dainos“,,,Pasakose apie paukščius“ etc. ir How Klaipėda. country duck name word pylė is given P. Ruigio, Ch. G. Milkaus, G.H.F. Neselman's dictionary. F. This word was little known to Kuršaitis (wrote about it ir K. A bow?* ), o this is evident iš from the to incorrect spelling of the word in the brackets ar pylé,-és pylis,-ies®. Šį word his į dictionary has included ir A. Yushka, jį mini too K. Young. Į In the newer dictionaries the word pjlé rarely appears: it is written only as vad. M. In Nyderman's dictionary, where two forms are given: pylė and (as a dialect!) pylė. Almost all the Samogitians who use the word pylė jį pronounce it with the second accent, only about He was placed fourth and placed in the finals. For example, "I'm going to get you a cold drink," or "I'm going to get you a hot drink," or "I'm going to get you a cold drink," etc.). In the whole area of use of the word pylė there are many derivatives. The most commonly used are: iš jų pylin "antin, gaigalas" (the area of use of this word almost coincides with the area of use of the word pjlé), pylūtis „dučiukas“ (Švėkšna, Judrėnai, Saugos, etc.). pylytis ‘t.p.’ (Mosėdis), pylėna (pyléna) "duck meat, duck" (Judrėnai, Veiviržėnai, Priekulė, Švėkšna and others) and others. In all this area, the words pili “duck call word” (Judrėnai, Endriejavas), pil’ “etc.” are well known. (Švėkšna, Plungė, etc.), pylékst "duck driven word" (Mosėdis, etc.) and others, which are used in many dialects that do not know the word pylė (see below). The word pylė is understood and its meaning is known far beyond its range, for example, about Tirkšliai, Šilalė, Skaudvilė, Tryškiai, but the Žemaites of these neighborhoods still do not use it, saying only g'ntė (Tirkšliai, Tryškiai, Šilalė), d'nti (Skaudvilė) and so on. This word is often used in folk songs outside of its range. For example, see: <0xE2><0x84><0xB5> 0 {\displaystyle \aleph _{0}}. K, Būga, Selected Writings, III (prepared by Z. Zinkevičius), Vilnius, 1961, p. 209. As the word kūlis origin explains E. Frenkelis see. E. Fraenkel, Lithuanian etymological dictionary, 1, Heidelberg, 1962, p. 307. 22 See. K. Būga, Selected Writings, II (prepared by Z. Zinkevičius), Vilnius, 1959, p. 514—515. 4“ F. Course chat, Lithuanian-German Word book, Hall, 1883, p. 311. t* 163