Termininiai frazeologizmai su asmenvardžiais

chaired J. Dagys. The dictionary commission met for 10 about a year. Once all deadlines have been approved at those meetings, the The dictionary was edited by to the Botanical Institute. editorial board: mrs. editor J. Members ir of Dagys: A. Lekavičius ir V. Malishauskienė. The dictionary was finalized and 1962 m. ir handed over to,,Minties® jį publishing house, which published 1965 m. Released The “Dictionary of Botanical Terms” is actually part of the previously published “Lithuanian Dictionary II of Botany”. The preparation of this part lasted about a 20 year. The work did not end there. Now The Botanical Dictionary Commission, acting as Lithuanian Botanical Society LTSR MA Institute of Botany, tooksi iš new review, refine ir supplement the nomenclature of plants, prepare this I New edition of the Botanical Dictionary. This work is being done systematiį cally: several new specialists have been included in the work of the commission: — G. Jankavičiūtė, for mushroom names — J. Mazelaitis, for moss names — A. Kuzas, for ornamental plant names — Vilnius University Botanical Garden Director A. Lučinskienė, Secretary of the Commission — R. Jankevičienė. Always attends meetings MA Members of the ir Terminology Group of the Lithuanian Language and Literature Institute. The work is already halfway. J. Dagys TERM Phraseology SU Term phraseologisms are mainly found in the folk spoken language. Although the progress of ir science and technology, the new conditions of social and political life require new only single-word, but composite ne terms, the popular terminological ir phraseologisms relatively rarely enter the modern scientific terminology. į More rarely, in scientific terminology, they appear as translations of other iš languages. Most of the term phraseologisms occur among plant names, e.g.: rabbit cabbage “haskiakotis”, frog tears ,,memiršėlė“, less commonly in animal terminology — wood goat „stirna“, The Stock Exchange Thief "laumhorse", even more rarely in technical sciences, e.g.: in astronomy the scourge of the sky — "cometa", in geology a thunderbolt — ,belemnitas® ir t. t. A separate group of terminological phraseologisms consists of those that in some respects are related to onomastics, because one component is a su personal name, e.g., "Mare jų leaves", "Ionian clover", etc. ir The names entering into the intricate phraseologies are almost entirely Christian, therefore they partly indicate the iš approximate historical date ir of the emergence of such terms, t. y. in the Lithuanian language they began to form, after which 1 In writing the article, literature ši used ir manuscripts: J. English Dictionary of Botanical Names. I, 1938; I. Edelmane, Some names of plants associated with the names of ar scents, Dedication un — Akadémikim Janim Endzelinam 1873-1973, Riga, 1972, p. 274-292; J. Elisonas, Zoologijos sistematikos terminų žodynas, Kaunas, Jaco 1920; by, Litauischen Literary Society, II, Heidelberg, 1887, p. 133—143; J. Kalvaitis, Lietuwiszky wards shelter, Tilžė, 1910, p. 72—84; K. Miilenbacha, Latvian language vocabulary, II, Riga, Akademinio 1925-1927; Lithuanian language dictionary card and Funds of the Lithuanian Language Atlas at the Lithuanian ir Language and Literature Institute. Some term phraseologisms are written by the author herself from dialects. The meanings of terminological phraseologisms are given in the appendix. 248 time of the po introduction of Christianity. The name of the person in some folk termsprobably se appeared because most of the flowers and plants have been used in folk medicine since ancient times, the time of flowering for medicinal purposes coincided exactly with the calendar days of some saints o jų established by ir the church. su Perhaps this can explain ir other more frequently occurring, už clearly Lithuanian terminological phraseologisms, having a personal noun in their structure Jonas, Jonis (e.g., John's barb, St. John's wort). Jono lineliai, Jono herbs, ir etc. ). In the meantime, the term phraseology of the — foundations of the jozapas "toad" may probably have arisen from euphemistical considerations, in order to describe life in softer words. tą On the other hand, it may have been helped by the relic of ancient — beliefs, the custom of worshipping certain animals. Be to, perhaps a personal name, phraseology to į enter was influenced by ir jo popularity. After all, most such phraseologisms are composed of the names of su popular saints (plg. John, Joseph, George, Mary, etc. ir ). In other terminological phraseologisms, the noun probably entered Lithuanian į language, when translating the term from a foreign language, iš e.g., Benedikto kardas, plg. lot. Cnicus benedictus, or the sword benedict. — Russian. kapdobenedukm, Jono duonmedis plg. — vok. St. John's wort kt. ir It is remarkable that the scientific terminology was particularly served by Latin, which iš is mostly translated into Lithuanian į terms. Some of these names differ in their structure from the usual terms for this species and, possibly, should not be considered very mature, e.g. žilė jokūbaitė is called a rapidly re-flowering aging plant, whose seed tabs at the tops have as if gray hairs ir (plg. lot. Senetium Jacobaea — lot. senex ",grandpa, žylis"). The term phraseologisms in question consist mainly of the noun of iš the main part of the word combination — (certificate word) ir certificate. The main noun in them, although retains the characterisir tic elements of change (can be joined), but usually only ti vns. ir dgs. denominator. The word performing the functions of a testimonial in such phraseologisms is usually expressed by the pronoun of the person, e.g., Jurgio raktai, Marijos lineliai ir t. t. In the terminology of the Lithuanian spoken language, there are relatively fewer cases when a sign is expressed by an adjective, a coordinated su sign word in genus, a number in syllable ir (plg. common barboryté)®. In Russian, for example, they are typical," plg. epydxas KAemKka ‘thorax’. Be that, in this type of Lithuanian term phraseologisms, the personal noun often denotes the ir * In some cases, the number of letters in a word varies considerably. į Sometimes, in the same work, personal names are presented differently, e.g., sword B enediktas, Žilė Jakūbaitė, vaistinis juozapas, laukinis jokūbelis, Jurgio raktai, or: Benedict- 's sword, Mary's sword, George's keys ir t. t. In this article, those personal nouns that perform the functions of a sign in the composite term are written in capital letters. They are used solely as the origins of ir belonging, in the composite term they are not syllabled. t. y. (e. g. George's Keys, plg. In the garden many "George Keys". In lowercase are written those that in compound terms go with a denoting word, are used as general words can be replaced by funny numbers ir ir (e.g., wild jackfruit, cf. : Bring me some wild jackfruit.) Phraseological names of the latter type are particularly characteristic in the language of scientific works. * A. II. 1998-1999 Mopasuako, Ouepkn no pycckoit pazeosornun, Mocksa, name 1964, p. 25. 249 (e.g., autumn deer, cf. lat. Helenium autumnale. Also compare another phraseology of that kind, in which the personal noun does not mean the name of the genus, e.g. wild jackfruit "bitter garbage- ", lat. Erigeron acer). The semantic structure of such terminological phraseologisms is similar in basic features to the structure į of noun non-terminological phraseologisms, but has distinctive ir features. Į nouns in terms of botany belong almost entirely to botany (e.g. clover, lily ir t. t.), and, being in a combination, they have thus retained their direct meanings, the figurative meaning is concentrated by the notation, cf. o Joseph's lily, Mary's cherry, ir etc. Only one other such composite term is made up of words from su other iš spheres of life (e. g. tears, sword); usually the decisive role has been played by the shape and shape of the plant itself (leaf ar flowers) similarity į to any object. Relatively few of the kind of relatively motivated compound terms, which are related to the su concepts ar of the bird-animal sphere (plg. St. (Josephus). It is remarkable that very often the whole of such a composite term is used in a figurative sense associated with a free word combination, in which individual words are used ir in their nominal su meanings. Let us compare, for example, the composite folk term of botany George's keys, a free word combination probably derived from the image of a flower, somewhat reminiscent of a key in its appearance ir — George's keys, immediately characteritį zingan object belonging to a person — Jurgiui (plg. here George's keys, ne yours). Tą The same can be said about the botanical term Mary's chebatuk, the zoological term St. Joseph's rod, the astronomical term for Jacob's rod ir t. t. It is not difficult to trace traces of a certain artificiality in one term after another of this kind. Most likely, ir the term of one concept has become a compound word combination in order to achieve a rhythmic consonance of sounds, e.g., marytė—katrytė, mariuška—petriuska ir t. t. In different dialects, sometimes the same bug — „boružė“ is named by one word, e.g. katrytė, marytė, petrelė, barborytė, to make a compound term, most o likely, it was made possible by custom. For example, to a beetle on the hand they like to say: „maryte—katryte, show the truth, if it is raining, then sit, if it is clear, then run“. o It must be said that some of these kinds of terminological phraseologisms in Lithuanian dialects have relatively clear areas of distribution. For example, the aforementioned maryté —katryté, usually used next to the god cow, quite regularly used in eastern In Lithuania Biržai, Joniškėlis, Panevėžys, Vabalninkas neighborhoods. Some of the term phraseologisms of this kind, such as non-term noun-constant ir word combinations, can be used polysemantly in Lithuanian. The same ir compound term is used for different plants, for example, St. John's wort. John's wort in botany is called: 1. ‘Solanum dulcamara’ ir 2. ,,Rattlesnakes’’ (Euphorbia virgata): in zoology, the god’s dove is called: 1. ‘Ladybird’ (Coccinella septempunctata) ir 2. ,,small light red beetle“ (Trombidium holosericum). Be It should be noted that especially in botany, more abundant synonymy is typical of those plants whose medicinal properties were known in ancient iš times. By the way, it can still be said that synonyms are usually expressed in one Word, o ne terminological phraseologisms. 250 Below is a list of some terminological phraseologisms formed by personal nouns. su Alternatives, synonyms and foreign language equivalents are also ir listed, if they show the roots of two words, one o iš jų — personal name. Geography is indicated tų only by composite terms that are written in dialects. iš Names of plants: a) when the personal noun goes with a note, e.g. Benedict- ’s sword bot. „bitter holy day” (Cnicus benedictus). "Benedict of Nursia". 1998. "Rudolf Krämer, Ph.D.". Benedictine herb. "Atriplex litorale" (Atriplex litorale). (It is said that this plant was found in the vicinity of Palanga.) Jonio clover bot. „mountain clover“ (Trifolium montanum). Plg. var. St. St. John's Clover: St. John's Clover "Jono clover grows in meadows" (Skr.). "Ionian grass bot. "Melampyrum nemorosum"". Plg.: lat. 1986. "Jane Zale, Rus. usan-da-mapos., vok. Forest guard alces. "Ceratonia siliqua (Jono duonmedis bot., salZiavaisis pupmedis®)". Plg. vok. St. John's wort. St. "Stefan Schönfelder: "Ich bin ein St. Pauli-Fan"" (in German). kicker.de. John's barskulyé called (Sd). St. "Stefan "Stefan" Schönfelder" (in German). welt.de. Jono dobilélis still grows here (Pbr, Brz). St. 1, pp. 1. "Solanum dulcamara". 2.,,Lycaon carpazole* (Euphorbia virgata). St. "Linaria vulgaris (L.) Plg. sinon. Mary's Lines. St. "Jones, John (Stuart)". St. John's keys bot. 1.,,common lotus (Lotus corniculatus). 2.,,Spring primrose“ (Primula veris): In our garden there are only yellow primroses. Jono rakteliy (Sk, Jnš, Zml). Plg. sinon. Keys of St. George The Keys of St. Peter: Yellow St. Peter's Keys Peter's Keys and Forests (Škn, Vdšk). St. "Hypericum perforatum (John's wort)". Plg. vok. St. John's wort. "White lily" (Lilium candidum): For me this is the most beautiful of all Joseph's lily — it smells very delicious (Sk, Jnš, Kair). Some say it is the lily of Joseph, others say it is the lily of Joseph, as you please (Kair). "Gladiolus communis (Gladiolus communis)". Plg. var. St. Flagellation of St. George (Kn). St. "Brown-- breasted white-winged anemone (Anemone nemorosa)". St. George's Keys. John's keys. "Mare's leaves bot. "Medicinal Beecroft"" (Tanecetum balsamita). Plg. sinon. The Crown of Mary. But plg. vok. Marienblatt. Marės vyšnia bot.,kryklé vyšnia“ (Prunus cerasus?): Marės cherries are not acceptable to me, as if they lack something, hard white (Trgn). * Abbreviations as academic ,,Lietuviy language dictionary“. 251 Mary's grass bot. 1. ‘St. John’s wort’ (Hypericum perforatum). Plg. var. Mary's herbs, sinon. The grass of Jesus' wounds. But plg. vok. genuine St. John's wort. 2. ‘meadow sleeper’ (Succisa pratensis). The Tears of Mary (Pn) bot. "rabbit tears" (Average breeze). Mary's Chebatuk (Vnd) bot. ‘blue shoe’ (Aconitum Napellus). Mary's sword bot. ‘,manganese’ (Silybum Marianum). Plg. var. Mary's Sword. Plg. vok. Marines. Cross of Mary (Trgn) bot. ‘meadow cardamom’ (Cardamine pratensis). Mary's Lily bot. "Forest Lily" (Lilium Margaton): Rodijo Mary's lilies to give, but I don't aš know her (Trgn). Plg. otherwise. Jesus' Lily, Mary's Linen, see. St. John's Lines. Mary's mint (Sld, Rdž) bot. ‘medicinal lemon balm’ (Melissa officinalis). Mary's Lady's Lily bot. ,,parnassia palustris’’. Mary's Rose bot. Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha): You'll see what I got Mary's rose, it blooms like snow (Trgn). Mary's Crown. Mary's leaves. St. Peter's Keys. St. John's keys. b) when the noun is followed by a pronoun, e.g. common barberry (Barbaraea vulgaris). Plg. vok. real Barberry. Barberry (Barbarae stricta). Plg. vok. stiff barberry. autumn hedgehog (Helenium autumnale). žilė jokūbaitė (Senecio Jacobaea). Plg. len. old man Jakdbek, Vok. St. James's Cross herb. (The plant blooms in July. about calendar Jacob's Day). wild jack bot. ‘bitter chard’ (Erigeron acer). Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis). wild moth (Phleum Boehmeri). forage moth (Phleum pratense). wild salmon bot. ‘arable buckwheat’ (Knautia arvensis). shiny veronica (Veronika polita). Plg. Russian. sepoxuxa Giecmsuyas. (Without the shiny veronica The LBŽ su would have made up the still presented plant 17 names. Since it is also stated that the name of this plant "meaning ir origin" being unclear — can allegedly be linked to jį su St. In the name of o Veronica, also ir su Greek phero "nešu", nikė „pergalė“, therefore in the article only the Lithuanian names are given, e.g.: čiobralapė v., dirviné v., gebenialapė v., ilgalapėv., paprastoji v., pavasarinė v., pelkinė v., persinė v., plačialapė v., pūdiminė v.,” storalapé v., šaltininė v., tamsioji v., trilapė v., upelinė v., vaistinė v., varpotoji v.). Animal names: when a) a person's name goes with a point, e.g., St. John's beetle zool. ‘John’s beetle’ (Lampyris splendidula). Plg. var. St. John's Bugle: Holy John's beetle is such a worm, glows in the forest at night (Jnš, Sk). But plg. lat. Jan Tarpinš, Russian. ueanos 4epesauex, vol. Johanniswiirmchen. St. Mary's Fish Zool. ‘Platypus’ (Pleuronectes flesus). 252 St. Joseph's cuckold zool. ‘Melolontha vulgaris’. Plg. var. St. Jūzakuilipo s® (File). St. Petro carvelé (cattle) see dievo barboryté b) when the noun is followed by a suffix, e.g. dievo barboryté zool. ‘Ladybird’ (Coccinella septempunctata). Plg. var. By the way. : babuska —mariuska (Eiš, Mrk), the cat-like goddess (Vb), god maryté (Jnsk, Pbr, Pn, Ps), god petruska (Pbr), katryté—maryté, maryté —katryté, maryté — karusyté (plg. asmenvardį Karolina), katriusyté—mariusyté (Vb), mariusyté— katriusyté, maruska— petruska, sv. Petro carvelé (carved) (Vb), damn it. But plg. vok. Marienkdferchen. (It may also be mentioned that in the colloquial language the ladybird is sometimes confused with the small light red beetle (Trombidium holosericum). su babuška—mariuška see god barborytė god katrytė see. » 3 god mary see. 3 3 Oh, my God. » 33 katryté—maryté (marinated-cured) see 2 2 maryté—karusyté žr. 5 > Marius-Katrius (katriusyté — mariusyté) zr. ,, k, maruška—petruška žr. 3 5 devil's maryté see. 33 3> foundations The zool. ‘common toad’ (Bufo vulgaris) (Ms.) Astronomical names: when a a) person's name goes with a pointer, e.g. Abakuk astr. "one of the iš stars". Grigo wheels (Jnš, Sk) astr. “one of the constellations; constellation of seven stars in the harsh sky (Ursa Major). The rod of Jacob "one of the iš stars". Noah's dove "one of the iš stars". J. V. Kairys, A. Kaminskas, Z. Kudirka, R. Kundrotienė, | M. Lipšicas, | A. Mačernius, J. Norkus, J. Riaubūnas, J. Stanaitis, B. Stulpinas, A. Šliavas. Russian-Lithuanian-English Dictionary of Computing Technology Terms, Vilnius, 1971, 600 p. 1. Three years ago the list of Lithuanian terminology dictionaries was supplemented by another new term dictionaries. It was prepared by a collective of authors — a group of engineers of the Vilnius V. Lenin calculating machine factory and the special design office of calculating machines. It is a comprehensive dictionary of computational technology terms, including some technical and physics terms in addition to special terms in this field. Both in volume and type, it differs greatly from previous Lithuanian dictionaries of technical terms, for example, A. Novodvorskis’s “English-Lithuanian Dictionary of Technical Terms”. * Synonyms for the genus are given below. Lithuanian language atlas (Leksika), I, on the map 84 (printable), 253