Lietuviška specialioji buitinė leksika Smalininkų–Pagėgių vokiečių šnektoje

LAGE STE J vin) 2 TY EMR M 591710 NE NO: SLAHO2N IG. AEA LIET OU VIO'S TSR MOK SLU ACADEMY E. Contacts between the dialects of the Western Lithuanian language, which are spoken by a certain part of the inhabitants of the districts of Klaipėda, Silutės and Jurbarkas, and the local German dialect used here, can be said, have not been investigated so far. The question of how the local Lithuanian schnekts have influenced the German schnekt remains unanswered. The native people of this area are Lithuanians. Their native language is Lithuanian. However, this territory, which for a long time (from the 13th century until 1923?) legally, economically and politically belonged to Germany, was somewhat denationalized. The German language spread throughout the country. Therefore, in addition to Lithuanian, people here have spoken a dialect of East Prussian German (Plattdeutsch) in the past. After graduating from school, she retired from public life. In its place, a dialect close to the German literary language, replacing the local colours, took hold. In addition to the native Lithuanian language, it has been spoken by local Lithuanians, and some of them sometimes still speak it today. However, the latter, constantly influenced by local Lithuanian speakers, has experienced some influence of Lithuanian language. In addition, having withdrawn from public life, it is rapidly disappearing, especially in youth speech. Smalinifiky—Pagégiuy neighborhood (Jurbarkas and Šilutė districts) is one of those linguistic areas, where after the Great Patriotic War the local inhabitants remained closely connected to their native Lithuanian schnekta due to the above circumstances? speak German well (they write mostly only in German*) and often (especially at home and among themselves) speak German even now. In the case of two languages, each of the speakers has a certain degree of knowledge of the other language. The most prominent influence is noticeable in the lexicon. In 1961-1973, while studying the Lithuanian dialects of this region and collecting dialect material for the “Atlas of Lithuanian Language”, we recorded several dozen Lithuanian dialects in local German dialect, mainly in the villages of AfitSvenciy near Smalininkai and Bitėnai near Pagėgiai. Little Lithuanian Soviet Encyclopedia, II, Vilnius, 1968, p. 154—156. * Explained the territory snak more extensively Zr. A. Salys, Lietuvių kalbos tarmės, Kaunas, 1935, p. 53—62; E. Grinaveckienė, Kai kurios lietuvių kalbos tarmių ypatybės, —Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai (hereinafter LKK), V, Vilnius, 1961, p. 1970, p. 174—178. * The locals have been educated in German schools. 197 words* related to the life of farmers. They are listed here in alphabetical order. Bétenbartsch® hibr. „red beet soup“: wir haben heute Bétenbartsch gekocht, cf. lit. borrowed from the Slavic borscht, also cf. Rytpr. vok. intestine. Bartsch “barščiai” (A. Sabaliauskas, The development of the Lithuanian language lexicon, —LKK VIII, Vilnius, 1966, p. 96). Bijonen "peonies" (Paeonia): die Bijonen bliihen, cf. Lithuanian loanword from Slavic bijiinai, also cf. Rytpr. vok. intestine. "Bijon" (CCC VIII 96). Blitterbartsch hibr. ‘Beetroot leaf and stalk soup’: Bldtterbartsch schmecken mir gar nicht, cf. Betenbartsch. Bétten „botai, moteriškas aukštas guminis apavas“: mit Botten kann man durch Dreck gehen, plg liet. skolinj iš slavų botai. Brotkiickel hibr.,,duonos kepalas®: where did you put the bread kickel, plg. Kiickel. Géntis „giminės- “: when Géntis come, then it is a holiday, cf. let. drinking. „grikiai“: the chickpeas are grown on sandy soil, plg. let. borinj from Slavic grikiai, Rytpr. vok. intestine. Grick, Gricken (LKK VIII 97). Grickenbrei hibr. „grikių koS8é¢*: we have cooked porridge, cf. Gricken. Juckas "goose blood, dried apples and potato kukuliy soup": wir hatten Jūckas gekocht, aber mir schmeckt Jūckas nicht, denn da ist alles durcheinander, cf. lit. juka, tarm. yukas (Jurbarkas). Judging by the form, Juckas, without any doubt, was obtained through Lithuanian colloquial. However, the root of this word jukitself, having a number of such undoubted relatives in Lithuanian, as jdu-ti, jaūk-ti “to mix”, juk-ti “to mix”, sujūk-ti “to mix”, etc., is probably not a Slavism in Lithuanian either. True, A. Bruukneris, Pr. Skardžius, E. Frenkel derives it from the Slavic jucha*, only Fr. Slavski gives the latter opinion with some doubt: "„„..z pol.: niem. Jauche,,gnojéwka, liquid from the sight“..., može (praretinta mūsų) and lit. yuka,,black polewka*- ?. Since the root is known to many ide languages (including Sanskrit and ancient Greek), it is likely that Lithuanian yuka, like its other relatives presented earlier, is a word of the ancient Indo-European lexicon. Kadick „kadagys- “: the Kddick is usually only a shrub, rarely a tree, plg. liet. tarm. kadigys, Ik. juniper, Rytpr. vok. intestine. Kaddig, Kaddik (LKK VIII 97). The investigated word has retained the length of the Lithuanian counterpart of the a, cf. Nobody. Cactus hibr. „kadagio uogos“: the Kdicksberries in autumn are blue, Zr. Kadick. ¢ The author of the article sincerely thanks the local inhabitants of this region — folk artist Lidija Meškaitytė and her parents Ona and Jonas Meškaičiai, living in Jūrbarkas district. Smiles Away. Aūtšvenčiai village, who provided part of the recorded vocabulary and checked all the material. The 5-pointed prepositional sign here continues to indicate the place of the accent of the presented Lithuanianisms. ¢ Zr. The Slavic foreign words in Lithuanian by A. Briickner, Weimar, 1877, p. 88; The Slavic loanwords in Old Lithuanian by Pranas Skardžius, Kaunas, 1931, p. 91; E. Fraenkel, Lithuanian etymological dictionary (more LEW), Göttingen, 1962, p. 199. " Plg. Fr. Stawski, Stownik etymologiczny języka polskiego, I, Krakow, 1952—1956, p, 585— 586. 198 Kalėschen „,kaliošai- ’’: er ist ausgegangen auf Kaldschen, cf. lit. borrowed kaliošai, who came through the Poles (LEW 209). "Kntschuck": willst mit dem Kdntschuck, pg. lit. borrowed from Slavic kanciukas. For the place of killing, see plg. Baltistica, VIII(2), Vilnius, 1972, 203. Kissel "oatmeal kissel": Kissel kocht man aus Hafermehl, cf. lit. tarm. 1k. kisielius, Rytpr. vok. intestine. Kissel (LKK VIII 97). Kirmints „kirminas“: kuck —da langer dicker Kirmints, plg. lit. tarm. kif’minc (Brown, pp. 10). worm. Klėte „klėtis“: the Klėre is a storehouse, cf. lit.tarm. klėtė, 1k. klėtis, Rytpr. vok. intestine. "Klete (LKK VIII 97)". Klibbas „klibis“: this knife is an old Klibbas, cf. lit. klibapeilis, klibis, klibius: klibėti; Rytpr. vok. intestine. "Klipbacksch "Ausgefeilter Messer" (LK K VIII 97)". "Kėdder "skuduras": the kėdder is dirty, pg. lit. skūduras. For sk: k plg. lietuv. (s)kerdžius, (s)kdutis, (s)krégZdé and others. The word will probably be borrowed by Rytpr. vok. tarmés®, because it is not recorded in any other German dictionaries. From the dictionary of H. Frišby, his derivative kooderig "poor, poor" will be improperly entered into D. Šlapoberski's "German-- Lithuanian dictionary". Kriwūlle "such a stick with a certain written message attached- ": er ist von uns die Kriwūlle gebracht, cf. lit. krivūlė, krivūlė, Rytpr. vok. intestine. Kriwūle (LKK VIII 98). Krūschkis "pear": Krūschkis gibt es viele Sorten, cf. Lithuanian borrowed from Slavic grifisé, dialect. “badly broken pear” (Jurbarkas). Kūckel „kepalas- “: I bought a kūckel of bread, plg. lit. kūkulis. "Kūijel "kūlys": unser Kūijel ist noch jung, plg. lietuvišką skolinį iš slavų kuiljs, Rytpr. vok. intestine. 1998. pp. VIII.98. Kūijelfleisch hibr. „kuiliena- “: kuijelmees is not to be enjoyed, žr. A rabbit. Kūpst „kupstas“: on the meadow there are many Kūpsten, plg. let. smoked, Rytpr. vok. intestine. "KKK VIII 98" (in German). The Hibernation Hibernation. ‘kopos’, cf. lit. kūpstas. Lankas „lankos“: we will go to Lankas nac h Heu, plg. liet. laikos, tarm. lanikas (Jurbarkas). Lérbas "Jiurbis- ": what do you Lorbas do already wied he, plg. lit. liūrbis, Rytpr. vok. intestine. "Lorbas (LKK VIII 98)". Magritsch,,magaryCios®": wer wird uns Madgritsch geben, plg. lit. borrowed from Slavic magaryčios, tarm. magrycios, Rytpr. vok. intestine. Magritsch (LKK VIII 98). "The 100 Most Beautiful Places in the World": "The 100 Most Beautiful Places in the World": "The 100 Most Beautiful Places in the World". let. intestine. pilgrim (Jurbarkas), Rytpr. vok. intestine Maldininker (LKK VIII 98). Merjéll „samdinė, pusmergé®: this is a hard-working Merjéll, cf. let. intestine. Girl (Pagėgiai), lk. submerged, Rytpr. vok. intestine. Mergell (LKK VIII 98). 8 Zr. Prussian Dictionary East and West Prussian Province ialismen in alphabetical? Following H. Frischbier, Berlin, 1882, p. 399. * D. Slapoberskis, Vokiečių-lietuvių kalbos žodynas (II le id.), Vilnius, 1972, p. 542. 199 Meschkinnis "vodka with honey": Meschkinnis ist ein guter Getrdnk, plg. let. bear. Miūtrus,- .iStekéjusiy moterų tam tikra skepeta- “: the woman has tied up a mutrus, cf. let. muturas, Rytpr. vok. intestine. Muturas (LKK VIII 98). Nuogallis- ,,nuogalis- *: oh you Nuogdllis you could at least get dressed. Paggel “pagalys- ”: the Pdggel does not burn: it is too nap. Pauten,,- male genital organs", cf. let. paiitai, Rytpr. vok. intestine. Pauten (LKK VIII 98). Pelūd "peludė": trage den chaff in die Pelud, plg. Rytpr. vok. intestine. Pelud (LKK VIII 99). Pirack „pyragas“: we will bake a good pirack, plg. liet. skolinj i§ slavy pyragas, tarm. cake, Rytpr. vok. intestine. Pirack (LKK VIII 99). Plickkugelis "baked porridge of grated potatoes without fat": wir hatten nur ein Plickkugelis gebacken, cf. lit. tarm. hybrid. plikkugelis (Jurbarkas). Pūkis „pūgžlys (Acerina cernua)“: Pūkis is a stingy fish, plg. liet. piikis, Rytpr. vok. intestine. Pukis (LKK VIII 99). Rainus,,Rainius, raino katino vardas“: our Rdinus has found a mouse, cf. lit. tarm. "Rainiers" (in French). Shackle "Snake, snake": der Schdckel brennt gut, cf. lit. šakalys. Schlorre, “wooden block without heels”; prk.,,pasileidusi moteris“: the grooves are too rough; ach, du alte Schlorre, plg. lit. šliūrė. In this case, the authors of the report have suggested that the Germanic language is a dialect of the Latin language, but this is not confirmed by any of the sources. The argument that the word is familiar to East Prussian German dialects does not seem to us to be sufficient to support this opinion. The absence of this word in any other German dictionaries makes this opinion doubtful. The word šliūrė is widely known in Lithuania, as well as in Latvia (in Latvia it is also well known in other meanings*- ?), so wouldn’t it be more reliable to consider jj jtarti to be Baltic and to consider it a common root with the semantically very close to it derivatives šliusti „to crash, to fall, to glebti“ (cf. pašliūręs „,patižęs“ kėlias; neišmiegojusi, therefore sušliūrusi „suglebusi- “), šliurinėti, „valkiotis“ and others. Schūdvabbel "mėšlavabalis (Geotrupes stercorarius)": a Schūdwabbel flies, well and how, cf. lit. tarm. §diploid, see Wabbel. Schūppinis „šiupinys“: Carnival is celebrated by cat and mouse, Schūppinis is in every house. šūpinis (Smalininkai), Rytpr. vok. intestine. Schuppinne (LKK VIII 100). Truss “triušis- ”: we have seven trusses, plg. let. triūsis, tarm. species. Trūschenfleisch hibr. „triušiena“: truffle meat should be healthy, žr. Trusch. Wabbel “vabalas- ”: there flies the little wabbel, plg. let. intestine. Butterfly (Butterfly), lk. beetle, Rytpr. vok. intestine. Wabbel (LKK VIII 100). 0 K. Alminauskis, Die Germanismen des Litauischen, Kaunas (year of publication not specified), LEW 129; 1007; LKK VIII 94, 11 See. K. Miilenbacha Latvian language dictionary, edited, supplemented, continued by J. Endzelins, IV, Riga, 1929—1932, p. 75-176. 200 Warschkétschai, “a dish made of flour with cottage cheese, cut into large thick pieces”: Warschkétschai aus Quark, Ei und Mehl kann man schnell zu bereiten, cf. let. intestine. varskécai (Smalininkai), 1k. cottage cheese. Waschkodder hibr. „mazgotė“: in the kiche you need a washer, plg. Pillows. Wėnter „venteris“: we have two winters, plg. Rytpr. vok. intestine. 100, pp. 100. (in German) Wenter, Wendelin. The presented Lithuanianisms of the local German schnekt of the Smalinifiky — Pagégiy area are only specific terms related to everyday human activity, without exception nouns. Most of them are completely identical in their form to the corresponding Lithuanian form used in local Lithuanian dialect. Let us say that the words Merjéll, Nuogdllis, Pdggel, as in that Lithuanian dialect, have retained the short old pronounced a, e (cf. mergėlė, nugalis, pagalį, and the word Kirmints has come here with the fallen mobile a of the end, i.e. as it is pronounced in the local Lithuanian dialect (cf. Ik. kifminas- ); in the word Lankas the dialect-specific ending is also preserved (cf. Ik. laikos). There are cases where the borrower retains the pronunciation characteristic of the dialect from which the word originated, e.g. : Mdldininker (see Ibid. maldiniūikas). In the borrowed language, the pronunciation of consonants characteristic of the Lithuanian dialect is usually retained, e.g. : Rdinus, Warschkétschai (see 1k. Rainius, varškėčiai). Other parts of the language have not been recorded among borrowed words. The most interesting thing is that in the local German dialect there is not a single verb — the most vital element of the language, and that dialect borrowed from Lithuanian only what it did not have itself. All of this, of course, shows that the contacts between the two linguistic systems of this area were not very intense. 3. TPHHABS IL KE HE JIMTOBCKAS CMEUHAJIBHAS BbITOBASI JIEKCHKA B HEMELKOM TOBOPE B OKPECTHOCTSIX CMAJIMHHHKAHW H TATErsiH JINTOBCKOH CCP Peawome Okpecrnocrn Cmaannuukait Hu [larersii (Op6apkckuit ui uayrtekuit paitonst Jlutr. CCP) ABJSIOTCA OJAHHM H3 TeX apeaJtioB, B KOTOPOM MeCTHbIe MKHTEJH, J0/roe BpeMs HAXOJIKBINHECH noj BjaacTbio TepMaHHH, H JIO HACTOANIEr0 BpeMeHH rOBOPST KAaK Ha CBOEM DPOAHOM JIHTOBCKOM roBope, Tak H MO-HEMELKH (Mo-HeMeuKH NPeHMylIeCTBeHHO roBOPAT TOJIbKO B cembe). BeaenCTBHE 3TOTO B HX HEMEILKOM roBOpe MPOC/eKHBAETCH HEKOTOpPOe BJIMSHHE JHTOBCKOrO f3blKa. B crarbe ofpamiaercss BHHMAHHe Ha JIEKCHYECKHE 3aHMCTBOBAHHS B MECTHOM HEMEIKOM roBOpe H paccMATpHBAIOTCS OKOJIO 50 JeKCeM JIHTOBCKOrO MPOHCXOXKACHHS, B HeM 3adHKCHpoBaHHbIX aBTOPOM 1961—1973 TNpH cOope AHAJeKTHOro MaTepuajia Aas „Arjaca JHTOBCKOrO si3biKa“ B r.r. Bee 3adukCHpOBAaHHbIE J@KCHYECKHE JHTYaHH3Mbl —HMEHa CyUleCTBHTE/bHLIE, ABJISouHecs CNeLKHėOHUeCKHMH TepMHHAMH, CBA3aHHBIMH C TNOBCEAHEBHOIl XH3HbIO uesoBeka. [louTH BCe OHH NO Gopme GAH3KH CBOHM NPAMBIM COOTBECTCTBHSAM, VIIOTpeGJIAEMbIM B MECTHOM JIHTOBCKOM roBope, Hamp. : B ciioBax Merjéll,,cayxanka", Nuogdllis "rononpanen", Pdaggel "Koneno", Wabbel "'xyk" and others. 53. girl, nuogdlis, pūgalį, vūbalą, kišminas, laitoks. Berpeuaio Tea CJiyuan, KOrja 3aHMCTBOBaHHe COXPAHACT XapaKTEpHYJO JĄIA JIHTOBCKOrQ TOBOpa aKUEHTYalHio 201