Lietuviškos kilmės leksika Aũkštdvario lenkų šnektoje

LITHUANIAN AREALINES LINGUISTICS QUESTIONS LITHUANIA TSR SCIENCE ACADEMY E. GRINAVECKIENĖ LITHUANIAN ORIGIN LEXICON AUKSTDVARIO In the woods Exploring Trakai region. The language of the people of Aukštdvari apskritis, it was found that part of tų the old local inhabitants of the neighborhood speak Polish that the ir majority jų iš old Lithuanian almost ar ir They don't pay at all. The use of Polish in these places has a long history? !. In these areas, nobles of Polish origin have had their own manors since ancient times, through which, without be doubt, Polish su culture spread along with ir the Polish language. ir The Polish language here is neither homogeneous nor pure. In particular, it is characterized by the local dialect color?. Be moreover, it contains a certain layer ir of Belarusian, especially Lithuanian, o vocabulary®. Lithuanian vocabulary is closely related to both past su and present ir su present social-cultural life of Lithuanian rural People includes mainly various terms of everyday use, Here is presented a fiber of ir such Lithuanian lexicon*, our written Aukštdvaryjė 1972 m. apilinka "neighborhood : busting' apilinka postawiona tutaj; The teacher lives where apilinka, plg. let. district. bandim "try": try, ja plg. let. burying. Barskkuli ‘scambling, hanging on the horse's neck': barszkulami swaty z przyjechali, plg. let. intestine. barbs. 1 Zr. Little Lithuanian Soviet Encyclopedia, I, Vilnius, 1966, p. 188—189; plg. Halina Turska, O powstaniu polskich obszarów językowych na Wilenszezyżnie (on the emergence of Polish language areas on the Vilnius Lowlands), Vilnius, 1939, p. 1 tt. 2 Especially noteworthy here is the short pronunciation of the word endings gq, ę (similar to the Lithuanian short o, e) and without the nuance of nasalization, e.g.: majo = mają, žuje = žują (in the illustrations of the words under consideration, these endings are written as they are pronounced). Similar cases of pronunciation are also typical of the Polish dialects of Bialystok (Poland). Texts of the War from Białostocka with a linguistic commentary, ed. A. Obrębskiej—Jablonskiej, Warsaw, 1972, p. 18—25, 27 tt. The particle sie is pronounced as sia here (brazgaé sia); past masculine singular forms of verbs # after consonant is not pronounced (zjad ‘zjadl’); The present tense plural I person is used with the ending -mo (nazywamo ‘nazywamy’). There are also other minor differences. * Plg. H. Turkey, p. 63 et seq. 4 The meaning of Lithuanianisms used in the local Polish dialect is best illustrated by the illustrative sentences. In all cases, Lithuanianisms are compared with their Lithuanian equivalents; where necessary (when the Lithuanian example is not sufficient or when another word is used in Polish), —and with the corresponding words in Polish literary language, Belarusian and Russian. In many cases, the word borrowed from Lithuanian has retained its old accent. To emphasize this pronunciation, the pronounced syllable of words considered Lithuanianisms is marked with a gravio mark. 136 baladaé sia ‘klibéti, judėti': you have to watch that the horseshoe does not balladala na sia hoofie. zabaladaé sia ‘to fall asleep’: woda zabaladala sia. In both cases the meaning of the word has changed, cf. lit. baladétis ‘to beat, to knock’. r blinda ‘blindé’: blinda —mietke drzewo, plg. lit. blinda, bliūdė, blendis. boltūsznik ‘coatmaker’: poprosilam boltusznika, że welny nie wydarbal, plg. lit. baltūšninkas, baltūšnykas ‘coatmaker’, but: pol. bialoskornik®. bond 1. ‘kepalas’: napiekli wielka bonda; 2. ‘bandelé’ means on bonda zjad; she burned the fire, baked the bonds; 3. ‘kugelis’: bonda upiekli tarkowana, cf. lit. banda, bandėlė. branktūk ‘to bind a little piece of cloth to the knives’: branktūki trzeba przyczepič do warstatu i tkač, cf. lit. branktūkas "to bind a little piece of cloth to the knives". brazgač sia ‘brazgintis’: he started brazgač sia, but did not go to the cottage, plg. lit. brdzgintis; pabrazgač sia "subarškėti': as soon as you press this key (replės), it will squeeze out the tooth, plg. lit. brodnik ‘bradinys’: caught fish with a broom, plg. lit. bradinys. This loan is also used in Polish Ik. From the latter, he will probably have fallen into the investigative slug, cf. also bradzinys (Onuškis, Pivašiūnai). brukowaé "burkuoti': polny gołąb brukūje, plg. lit. brukioti < burkuūoti. box 1. ‘beragis, bekojis, berankis’: a cow; has a buck —nema reki; 2. ‘prosthesis’: nosi on noga w būksie, cf. lit. buksa "cow without legs, man without fingers". bucz "bučius': buczy stawili, plg. liet. bucius®. būmbut ‘bumbulas, varpa’: gozibrodka ma bumbul taki, plg. lit. bumbulas. burbulič ‘bumbéti, priekaištauti’: baba burbulije i burbulije, plg. lit. burbuliūoti. bubble 1. ‘burbuliukas’: if the bubbles are blowing up, it will be a long rain; 2. ‘who bumba, reproaches': baba taka wielka burbūlka, cf. let. bubble, bubble. burlūga "kašė': mleko —jak burlūga, cf. let. burlaga "dirt, porridge- ". cyr wir wir pawasaris: skowronek goworié: cyr wir wir pawasaris. dziegieč ‘degutas’: pure birch bark dziegie¢, plg. Polish lk Dygieč (<lit. degutas). dyrwan ‘dirvonas, nedirbama dirva': for dyrwan it is necessary to draw linen; plowman for winter dyrwan; czomberek na dywanach rošnie, plg. lenk. I'm going. Dyrwan (< lit. dirvonas). The pronunciation of the word Šnektas indicates that it is derived directly from Lithuanian. dudūk ‘dudutis (Upupa epops)’: dudūk na deszez krzyezy, plg. lit. tarm. but: lenk. dudek, br., r. ydoo. duji ‘dujos’: prepared on dūji, plg. lit. dijos. dulka ‘spaliai’: duzo dūlki w Inie. The meaning is changed, cf. lit. dūlkės. elektrynia 'electric power plant': jak zrobili elektrynia, zrobilo sia jezioreczko, plg. liet. elektrinė. gil ‘deep’: gili kąsajo kowy, plg. lit. gylys. * Plg. Składnik języka polskiego utożony pod redakcją Jana Kartowicza, Adama Krynskiego, Wtadyslawa Niedzwiedzkiego, I, Warszawa, 1900, p. 189: 1 (Boltusznik) garbasz < may be from Lit. baltas = white, white, white. white-skinned >; 1975, p. 166. ® Plg. K. Miilenbacha Latviešu valodas vūrdnica, Redišējis, papildindjis, turpinšjis J. Endzelins, I, Riga, 1923—1925, p. 334; V. Urbutis, Lituanisms of the Contemporary Belarusian Language, „Baltistica“, V(1), 1969, p. 51—52. 137 Gilovac "gyliuoti': gilujo krowy i teluki, plg. let. deepening. Gymnasium "gymnasium": on w Gymnasium, plg. let. intestine. gimindzia (psn.), but Polish Ik. Gymnasium. girnik 'eigulys': woodcutters gather birch bark, plg. let. I'm going. forester. The form of the word indicates that it came iš from nearby Lithuanian dialects, plg. also forester (Onuškis, Stakliškės, Pivašiūnai and others). girnikija 'girininkija': girnikiji wiozo do szyszki, plg. te let. intestine. girnykija, Ik. forestry. giwis "pempė': giwis przylecial, plg. let. live live live (pemp’s cry), a living creature “pempé’. Grabel "grėblys': here grabel i kosa, plg. let. rake, rake, but: Polish I'm going. grabie (plural form), also br. epdbai, r. epdbau. grabiast "grebėstas': piled grabiast; sloma przywiązujo do grabiasta; grabiast nowy, plg. let. greedy. Black-throated hawk '"grebėstuoti- ": frzeba grabiastowac chata, plg. let. I'm going to grab a seat. Gumbas "born; uterus pains": moja kobieta gūmbas meczy, plg.liet. tuber. jakmy "kepenys": on only eat the litter, ifthere is a heart; i "Jany bywajo przy bebeku: trzeba pokosztowaé migtuza jakny, plg. let. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. jinkszezyr “inkStiras’: this jinkszyr i will squeeze, the worm will leak, as it needs; w Rather, the sign is where jinkszczyr was, plg. let. kidney. kaciūk "kačiukas': w tym rojstu kaciik taki kniau kniau, plg. Dzūkijos (Cyclops, Lycaenidae, Lycaenidae). kitten, but: Polish kotka "katė', kiciak, kiciątko. kamariūk "kambariukas': she one ma roommate, plg. let. Roommate. karezūki "karčiukės': with artichokes the trees do squeezed water, plg. let. Cardiac. Chestnuts "rusvo plauko arklys': his chestnut u was so good, plg. let. Chestnut (<link. chestnut). š kiernez “kuilys’: do boar must be pedzi¢ swine: wild boar. KepHO3, KipHO3 are widely known in ir Belarusian dialects BTSR’. Russian KUpHoC, KUpHo3 M. Fassmer time polonism®, o F. Slavskis doubts this, considering ir the earlier etymologies of the word® to be dubious. Since the word has no reliable etymology, we try to propose a new one based on Lithuanian language facts. In our opinion, the meaning ir of this word could easily be linked to lit. su Kernez, kernuz "who's short, wide-shouldered, strong, likes to fight"? ? (for the work cf. vaikėzas, bambėzas, narnėzas), which in turn is closely related to kerna kas kernėja, su neauga“, , kerniūkas "vaikezas', also kerdti, kéras. klak ‘suvobuliuotas kąsnis, gumulas’: kori klaki robie: "Zuje zjeca i wyżuca ten klak, plg. let. kluck, klek 'gabana, cork'. Liet. kldkas quite a su foundation considered Russian KA0K ‘my4YoK (Bosioc, mepctH)’ ir Polish klaki ‘wyczeski Inu or hemp, pakuly’ relative. In its semantics it is, in our opinion, quite close to the ir Russian * Pvz.: én npolėxai) esiaseusiyb keprosa Žiliai, Yvijos raj. ; ust KHYp, 4bi KepHd3 S. Smilginiai, Varanasi district ; See also T. O. Cusurkošiu, Marspsisnki and: cAoykika: T pog3nenckali BoG; jracui, Minek, 1972, p. 229. * See. M. Oacmep, DrumMojornuecknil cj0Bape pycckoro s3bika, II, Mocxsa, (hereinafter referred to as 1967 — M. ® acmep), p. 238. ?* Zr. Fr. Stawski, Stownik etymologiczny języka polskiego, II, Krakow, 1998, p. 1958 — 1965 (hereinafter referred to as — Fr. Stawski), p. 155-156. 10 Zr. English Grammar, English I, Grammar, 1965, p. 334; Lietuviy terminologija, p. 178. Zr. LKZ V 952. 138 Duck ‘narymiauba HKpa; U4uTO JIMOO 3artBepieBuieeTM. In Lithuanian language, legitimate relatives, jo doubtless, laikytini be klekėtas, kiekena ‘creSulys’, klėkenas "cow droppings", klekūšė "thick dirt', klakéti "pripilsti', paklakti "patrūkti’, užklakti “uzstringti’, klakuoti "daryti klaka’, suklekéti "'sukrešėti, sutirstéti’, klékti 'tenéti, krešėti". So, the possible thing closest to the truth ta M. Fasmerium ir F. The Slavic part of the etymology of this word, in which Slavic x10K, klaki is related to lit. su Hey, hey, hey, hey. With this in mind, the opinion that the Lithuanian klykas is a Russian** loanword is probably debatable. iš It is a word be of phonetic origin. lumps "klūmpės": klūmpi nosili kajs; skaptukiem klūmpi wybierali, plg. let. stump. Kombla 'kamienas, kamblys': harder wood; woman combing linen: kombli tut, wierchowiny tut rzucila, plg. let. cambridge, but: r. Comeas, br. Cameo. krejga ‘kraigas’: a stork made a nest on chalk, plg. let. crested, crested. curved "krantas": further dyrwan, a under the ridge of the lake my they fell asleep, plg. let. shore. Krupa 1. "a pile of stones in the w fields": krasniach ptaki žyli; 2. "jaujos krosnis": a w stone pit made with stones, plg. i let. barn "a heap of stones in the fields". cubic "kubiliukas': kubilūk dla bačwin, plg. let. balinūkas, but: lenk. kubelek, kubelko ‘kibiriukas’; No. kybeadx, kybérax “statinaité’s, kumpiak 1. “kumpis’: kumpiaki wiqzy this na zerdeczka; 2. "thigh"; the ham is painful; koguta kumpiak, plg. let. kumpis: buck. kolūk ‘akuotas’: you won’t be a barley peasants, to z you will be kolūkami, plg. let. kuoliūkas**, also see kuoliné ūdata, stallion "vinis." kupraty ‘kuprotas’: a man with cupped head, plg. let. huprotas. liszeza "lęšiai': z bake the lenticular bliny well, plg. Dzūkų tarm. lenses < Exit. lurb "big log chip": need to squeeze a big log chip, plg. z let. Liar. labimi¢ sia "gerintison ": goodbye! sia, labūnil sia tutaj i pojechal, plg. let. Lupinus ‘gerintis’. lek "lankas": the z medicine of the tree for windmills; the drug na made siege; z lėczki drzewa, plg. let. larnic. lips ‘lapos’: i /ūpy, usty i nazywamo, plg. let. lips. mokikla ‘mokykla’: the way do mokikly goes, plg. let. school. Motula "motulė": father healthy, a motūla? u my motul so was; My mother-in-law baked bad bread, plg. let. intestine. motile, motūlė, but: lenk. matula. 12 See. M. OacmMep, p. 246. '8 See. M. ®acwmep, p. 252; Fr. Stawski, p. 247—248. 14 See. E. Fraenkel, Lithuanian etymological dictionary, Heidelberg — Gottingen, 1955-1962 (hereinafter referred to as — E. Fraenkel), p. 263. 4 The origins of J.P. S. Karaliiinas, J. The lexicography of several Lithuanian loanwords, — Iš Vilnius, ir 1970, p. 183. B. Vanagienės ir V. Mr Vitkauskas's remark (see section 4.4). Dar dži kubelo, Lzksikos — tyrinėjimai, Vilnius, Lithuania 1972, p. 222, 6 footnote), that,,while S. Karaliūno proposed etymology of this word is very interesting, but it ir is still difficult to give up the Slavic... ksbsltb...““, being evidence, our opinion, self-defeats, su without changing the situation, cf. be but S. Karaliūnas, Iš History of Baltic pottery terminology, Lithuanian terminology, — p. 132, 14 footnote. ' The origins of the pt. E. Fraenkel, p. 312. 139 odlurbowaé 'nutašyti nuo rąsto liurbas': odlurbūji kolunem i czeszy sklutem: plaszezak odlurbowali, plg. let. Liar. oksciūki "sauces, dips': oksciūki rosno kurom, cf. lit. aksčiūkai: akstinai, but: Polish ošč "spyglys". osklutowaé ‘to be drawn down with a bolt’: osklutowali plaszczak, plg. lit. nuskliutioti *nutašyti', zr. Fuck you. oszaki ‘aSakos’: oszaki remains as it is from yeast; in bread a lot of oszakow, plg. let. 100 g of agave. pakulnica "audinys iš pakuly’: paulnice for pants; pakulnica z pakuly, pants robio, plg. let. intestine. pakelnys + slav. Suffix -ica, see also iS Lithuania received- !" Polish dialect pakulnica. pakuly ‘pakulos’: packages for bags; baba oblozyla sia pakulami, plg. lit. pakulos. The place of the accent indicates that the word was taken directly from Lithuanian paminkl ‘monument’: wszystkie te paminkly on zakopal, cf. Lithuanian pamiūiklas. pampuch ‘spurga; purus blynas su mielémis’: fe bliny nazywaemo pampūchi. The Polish etymologists consider pampuch to be borrowed from the German. Pfannkuchen (Hochdeutsch pfankuoche, Niederdeutsch pannekoke) "baked from eggs (frixum ex oves) pancake, paplotis', originated by the distance progressive assimilation path p—k > p—p'. As the pémpuch phonetics suggests, it will have come into the investigated Aukštadvario dialect from the Lerka language. In Lithuanian, it is known as pampuska, also derived from lerkus?*. But are pampuch and its variants indeed unquestionable Germanisms? Based on the forms of individual words, which have arisen as a result of contacts in neighboring languages (Lithuanian, Belarusian, Russian, Polish, German) and their dialects, and some phonetic and semantic data of the Lithuanian language, we will try to propose a new pampuch et mologia and to motivate it. Accepting that borrowings are generally characterized by a certain distortion of their form and adaptation of the latter to the laws of the language (or dialect) to which it is borrowed (cf. Corridor > lit. tarm. Collidor, r. tarm. Koaudop; lot. marmor > liet. tarm. mdrmulas, r. mpamop; liet. nėrimasis > br. intestine. Hemapaco; vok. Planke > lit. tarm. bldnka; Lithuanian sauna > Rytpr. vok. intestine. Birt, wook. Feldscher, r. tarm. ¢epwan et al.), it is nevertheless rather difficult to believe that the Polish pampuch (from it also Polish pampuszka, lit. pampuška, r. namnytuka) could phonetically have emerged from the German diphthong Pfann-kuchen by the way of distant progressive assimilation, when the posterior k of the tongue became p due to the assimilable influence of the anterior p of the tongue. After all, sounds usually resemble when they are of the same or close articulation (cf. our cases mentioned above), and here the speech assimilation of consonants is unusual and hardly phonetically possible. The Polish language sources do not record nė any similar cases of sound similarity." She is not known, as far as we know, in Lithuanian language. 17 Zr. Dictionary of Polish Dialects, utožyt Jan Kartowicz (hereinafter —SGP), IV, Krakow, 1906, p. 12. 8 See. Aleksander Briick ner, Stownik etymologiczny języka polskiego, Warsaw, 1970, p. 393; M. ®acwmep, Drumosoruueckuil caoaps pycckoro sawika, III, Mockea, 1971, p. 194. 19 Plg, E. fraenkel, 536. * Plg. Z. Klemensiewicz, T. Lehr-Splawinski, S. Urbanczyk, Historical Grammar of Polish Language, Warsaw, 1955, p. 154—156. 140 The unlikely transformatir ion of the univocal German Pfannkuchen, į which entered the Polish language, into a polynomial. Some doubts raise the presence next to pampuch of the words pepuch, pepuszka, pępuszek, having all the meanings of pampuch and several analogues to them? !. ir Therefore, the semantics of these two groups of words are completely ta the same, only the first is jų represented by only one pampuch, o the second — by a large number of vedic words. Common semantics of these words ir jų comparison of the forms allows to discern relatively easily the jų direct relative relationship between them. After all, roots are quite ir possible in phonological terms. This is the second step in the transformation of the root. But this is no be doubt not a creature of the Polish language (plg. Polish: z¢baty: ząb; dębina : dab ir pgpuch : pampuch instead of expected *navel). With the į help of Lithuanian language, it is quite natural to see a phenomenon characteristic of it (plg. serious : supporti- : ng pillars; liūkti : lefikti: time; sėmti: sdmtis. So ir pemppa- : mp-). Ir that, by the way, is not nė contradicted by the semantics nė tų of words, nė jų form. This is iš partly supported ir by abundant Lithuanian examples su of both degrees of root vowel change (plg. pimpis "a small sore, acne; ‘pimpalas’, pimpūkas ‘little child’; kas mažo gio', pimputys "pumpuras", pimpiras "string of hair, bunch of hair', pimpolas'molar, eyebrow', pimpkus 'pempus' pempus : 'chubby, fat', as well as pémpé®® "a small swamp bird of the family Sepiidae; 'bad girl'; pémpéti "to shrink, to dry up, to grow'**: pampti "to expand, to swell; grow a į belly, get fat; Inks, leaves; brinkti, pursti, didėti', pdmpa "small bulge, lump", pdmp? "what is fat, puffy', pdmpla "short, belly-fed man; gyvulys išvirtusiu, dideliu pilvu', su pamplé "a stupid, a loser', pamplys "a fat, a bulky, a non-growing animal', pamputys 'a guzzler'; gniutulas; puffed bun, doughnut; fat, small child, boy" etc., cf. ir d. but Rytpr. vok. dialects most likely borrowed iš Lithuanian Pampe, Pampel, Pams ,,Brei, thick Mouse, thick "Suppe, Breiiges ūberhaupt"**). Thus, it could be assumed that pampuch ir all its su semantics Polish could be obtained Lithuanian. iš It is a pampūkas of ir especially confirmed Lithuanian dialects "wheat flour pancake" direct Polish pampuch désninSee ®t Dictionary of Polish Language Adama Krynskiegoi Vtadystava Niedzwiedzkiego, IV, Warsaw, Poland 1908, p. 29, 31; GSP, IV, p. 22, 81. *2 Liet. Five? tiejimas su latv. pink ‘eine kurze Whip; der kurze Tail of the Pigs, Stump tail of Pferde’, as proposed E. Frenkel (p. 569), is quite measured. Juk ir J. Endzelynas (see section 4.4). K. Miilenbacha, Latvian noun, edited, added, continued J. Endzzlins, III, Rigi, 1927-1929, p. 199) latv. pempe sieja su pémpt, pampt ‘pustis’, only the meanings indicated in pampi, in our opinion, are more related to the concept of thickness, su shortening, 0 ne su cf. dar latv. Phempis ‘der Beuch, der Schmerbauch’, pempezlis ‘a pretty fat, underrated person’, pempelétiés ‘to dress very warmly and tightly, to hide’ kt. ir Taiga lion. the pæmpe probably got its name from the short tail ne (her tail, by the way, is not short!), from the protruding o tail. If the ši etymology of pemE. su pė ‘Baumschwamm® will fall off. * Pämppä also probably is inseparable from parūpti 'to bloat', despite the fact that į LKŽ, IX, p. 778 returned jo values "decay, dry up, grow old". These jo meanings are somewhat clarified by illustrative examples from the dictionary: that a fat cow is still a ir cow, — o ne narrow. Chicken, goose puffed up; Swollen like a sponge. The ideas of the examples ir seem to show that pémpéti is, in its semantics, still closer to the concept of "expand, stir, burst', than to 'dziati, trauktis". * Prussian Dictionary. East and West Prussian Provincialisms in alphabetical Following of H. Frischbier, II, Berlin, gas 1883, p. 119. 141 phonetic equivalent- ®. In addition, the relationship between the b. pampuch and lit. pampūkas and considering them as the precursors of that kinship, we should in this case discard also the German. Pancakes in a role. The Lithuanian word, entering the Polish soil, preserved its original root vocalism and semantics until our days, acquired the Slavic suffix -uška and as such it will continue to be borrowed to other Slavic languages and again returned to the Lithuanian language. į pardawiėjas "seller": zaszlam to tej miesnej, i pardawiėjas dal mnie loj, plg. lietuv. pardavėjas. The word has entered the Polish dialect quite recently, because in Lithuanian dialects it is generally relatively new, cf. the somewhat older krdutuvininkas or the borrowed krėmininkas. parsiūk "piršiukas': miala parsiūka i zaklula; trough for parsiūkow; Twelve paršiukai came, plg. lietuv. paršiūkas. pėjsač "to watch": jeczmien trzeba pėjsač, plg. lit. to watch, paisas ‘nupaisyty barley-coated; ignore, with acorned barley grains'. pėjsany ‘iSpaisytas’: jeczmien pėjsany, plg. liet. paisyti, paisytas. pienkietūkas "pažymys „,penki““': nauczyciel pienkietūkas postawil, cf. lit. penketūkas. piesta "piesta': we had a piston, cf. lit. piesta. pirminikas ‘president’: on by! priminikas kolchozu, cf. lit. tarm. Chairman, 1k. President. The word is borrowed from the Lithuanian language. plaszezycz "to break, to flake': kto tam plaszeze drzwiczkami, plg. lit. plėškinti "to break, to flake', but: plk. is a ‘jis tranko’. pliewa "pleura, lung membrane": zachorowal on na pliewa, plg. plk. plewa ‘pelai’, br. nas6a "film", lit. film. The phonetics of the word indicates that it was borrowed from Lithuanian. ploksz "pliokšt': ploksz and poplyla, plg. lit. pliokšt. poszor "pašaras': he brought poszoru to the horse, plg. lit. pūšaras. pradzienik ‘a person who alternately grazes a herd for as many days as his own cattle graze in the herd’: skierdzia nie można wytrzymać, to pradzieniki szedli, cf. lit. intestine. beginner, 1k. a "worker for a day"**. pramūga'- space between the stove and the wall': pramūga —žeby šciana nie zapalila sia, cf. lit. pramiiga "space between the wall and the stove; the gap between the forest and the lake; from generation to generation; trench; duobė ant kelio", plg. dar prasimūginti “prasibrauti’®, przyšwiron ‘priesvirnis’: na przysšwiron podloga stawio, i deszcz nie zalaje, plg. let. preesvirnis. 235 LKŽ IX 315 pampūkas, in our opinion, is unfoundedly regarded as a loan from the Polish language. It should also be noted that pampuk is also recorded in Polish alongside pampuch, and is used with the same meaning (see Stownik języka polskiego przez M. Samuela Bogumita Linde, II,część II, w Warszawie, 1811, p. 620). It may have been a direct original equivalent of the Lithuanian pampūkas, which later evolved into pampuch in Polish soil. That the Polish pampuszka originated in Lithuania or was first recorded in its documents, among other things, confirms be ir SGP IV 22. * Plg. but E. H. I'punaseuxene, H. II. Kosaabuyk, IO. O. Maukesny, E. M. PoMaHOBHu, Cepeposzanansbie Geji0opyccKHe TrooboDpbI JHTOBCKOrO norpaHHubA, Byto-ciassnc- — Fun c6opuuk, Mocksa, 1972, p. 383. *7 On the punch connectisu on Polish framuga plg.dar A. You. Apawounkasa, E. I. TpunasenKene, II. I. Get it, IO. O. Mankesiu, 51. M. I'm sorry, JI. O. IllarTajana, 3 Jexciki Gesiapyckix raBopak 3axo/tnsilt 30Kbr,,Becui Akajgjomii naByk Besapyockait CCP, Nt 4, 1969, Cepus rpamanckix HaByk”, p. 126. 142 polkownik sia "to į gather in a flock': ryby pulkūjo sia do narestu, cf. let. pulkūotis*8. pumpryca ‘pumpuré’: a pumpryca — že holds a piece of stone. Pumpryca most likely < *butterfly < leaves. bud slav. + Appendix -Yca. pundėczek ‘puntagalvis’: pundėczki outgoing: big heads, with tails, plg. z let. greyheaded, black-headed; pundėkas, puūidžius, pimgalvis, pūngžla, puntūkas, puntagaivis "t. p.’, pūndza ‘pampla, dručkis’". blown "bladder- ": bladder, plg. let. blister. radikis "ridikai': radikis bulbs, radikis i bulbs, plg. let. Radishes. Raudonik ‘raudonikis’: i raudoniki rosno: red head, plg. let. red-headed, red-headed. rezagini ‘rezginés’: i mierosz a (= certain network) robio jak rėzgini; Sometimes the slomy wore rzezginiach, plg. w let. scarlet fever. birth ‘raistas’: z rod of moss; is rojst what three acters; is his at rojstach, poszed rojstu, plg. on do let. raistas. Red-tailed hawk ‘raistelis’: in w this stream of water I knelt: rojstéczku do jej do zaprowadzil, ja plg. let. raistas. symbiosis ‘stagaras’: leaves flew away, one symbird remained sia, plg. 2000: The Squirrel, lit. stimbiras, stimbas, stimbirys'- stagaras', stimbti "to harden, to grow a į stem'. siesiėle "medicinos sesuo’: ta sister came to us, do plg. i dzūku sešefe, liet. seated. skaptūk ‘skaptukas’: skaptikiem wybierali lyzki: skaptuk like a carpenter, plg. let. skaptikas. skaptowaé ‘skaptuoti’: skaptik dobrze skaptije, plg. let. skaptioti. skierstiwi "skerstuvės': skierstūwi carry one another, plg. let. slaughterhouses. skierdž '(s)kardžius': skierdż i siedem pastuchow; skierdzia musieli brać: where the village is not big, skierdzia nie można wytrzymać, i plg. let. (s)cattle. skierdzidwy ‘(s)kerdZiaus’: skierdziowa jecznica (=Jjajecznica), plg. skierd?. skilandzia ‘skilandis’: skilandzi wiqzy this na erdeczka, plg. let. divorced. sklut "kirvis rąstams tašyti': sklūty byli: czesze sklūtem, plg. let. hatch. alone ‘sala’: w lake sola taka: in the salts w trees i grow, mushrooi ms: salts na w Lake, plg. let. sala. stembūla ‘trunk, stem’: stembūla burakow, cf. let. stemberys, stembris 'plant stem, stem', stembti 'to become strong'. strozda ‘strazdas’: the strozda will feed the little birds ; Strozda większa jak szpak, plg. let. Ostrich, lenk. thrush. swiron ‘svirnas’: oni poszli swirna do poležač; swiron on high legs na stood; swirnie made for w meat such žerdeczki, plg. let. float. ** Plg. but E. Ladies and gentlemen, p. 665—666; P. Skardžius, The Slavic Lehnwėrter im Old Lithuanian language, Kaunas, 1931, p. 183. In the Polish language, puikowacz is known only in the meaning of 'to form troops' and is only ir found in ancient writings (Slownik języka polskiego Jana Kartowicza, Adam Krynski i Vjadystava Niedzwiedzkiego, V, Warsaw, Poland 1912, p. 433). In the New Polish Dictionary (Stownik języka polskiego, redaktor naczelny Witold Doroszewski, VII, Warszawa, it is not 1965) presented at all. Be besides, ir the Polish putk itself does not have the Lithuanian regiment-specific meaning of 'group, friend', which, iš doubtless, be has taken the ir meaning of the investigated dialect pulkowač sia. i ) 143 ‘Sakakaliukas’: a short-tailed jackal, plg. let. Jackal. szęszka'shesh': old shesh (and about a gudry man), cf. let. - Oh, shit. Shilling "šlynas': shale — gray land, bad, nothing grows there, plg. let. slope. stem 'šipulys': made a stem of a na firecracker, plg. let. rubble. szúly "šulai': scarves w on doors, plg. let. Shul. teletnikajtis "calf's mouth, calf's enclosed pasture': teletnikajtis tam dobry, plg. let. intestine. teletnykditis < br. It's a bad + word. Appendix - Father. trėjna ‘skalus pušinis pagalys balanoms"': they made such a trėjny z klodek; My man made the trains, put the bridges, etc. let. intestine. trains. tript "tript': tript, i stawal, plg. let. tript. Trichsel "'the herb of the broken heart, (Plantago lanceolata)’: suchiego trukziēlu niema; trūkziel jak kwitnie, to bialo, jak morkownik < from lit. trūkis + lenk. ziele "grass" (thus the research word hybrid), cf. lit. trūkžolė (< trūkis + žolė). thdra 'otter': otter — pretty animal, plg. let. Go on, left. Otter. farm school 'ūkio mokykla': where is the park, ūkia tu mokikla, plg. let. farm school. Compound į The Polish dialect of the High Court will have entered the years of bourgeois rule, when schools for this purpose were established. Walgikla "valgykla': now the house stands there, i there walgikla, plg. let. canteen. The word could have į entered the dialect in new, ir even post-war times, when dining halls began to be used more widely in the village. Warja "braided live Fish in water to keep': warza — żeby ryba žywa byla; The lake is covered by a cliff. ^ "Lake Ladoga". The poem. wėcierz "venteris': wėcierz has two throats, plg. lit. vénteris. drilling "kirbinė': drilling obarzanek costs ruble; Bywalo i pieč i szeszcz wiercinow obarzanek wygram, plg. lit. virtinė. wirszajtis "buvęs renkamas ar skiriamas valsčiaus administracijos įstaigos viršininkas': he was a wirszajtis, cf. lit. psn. supraditis. The word will have entered the investigated dialect in the years of bourgeois rule. zablaé "to forget": zablal ten jagniuczek, plg. lit. uzbliové, bet: br. 3abasiay, Polish Ik. beczeé ‘bliauti’; cf. also old Polish blwaé, blué¢ “to vomit” (about blood). zaputnieé¢ ‘sustined’: the leg sustined strongly, plg. lit. suputo. zilwica "Žilvitis": Zilwicami wiqzali fence, ¢wiekow nie bylo: rozgi z Zilwicy, plg. Lit. žilvitis. žlūgta "žlugtas': to this zZtugty water it takes longer; wet underwear in a crash, plg. lit. žlūgtas. The presented lexical Lithuanianisms show that the Upper Dvaras Polish dialect, intensely influenced by the surrounding Lithuanian dialects and thus affected by the Lithuanian literary language, changes its vocabulary relatively sharply, borrowing Lithuanian words and terms (especially cultural and everyday terminology) quite easily. Most of the Lituanisms of this dialect have preserved the pronunciation characteristic of the Lithuanian language (barszkūli, baladač sia, apilinka, kubilūk, etc.) and in many cases the Lithuanian phonetics characteristic of local Lithuanian dialects (/iszeza "lentešiai (>lįšiai)*, girnikija „,girininkija', giminazja *gimnazija'). The Lithuanianisms that entered the dialect recently remained unadapted and retained their healthy Lithuanian form (pienkietūkas, siesiėte, pardawiejas, walgikla). 144