Priešdėliniai ir priesaginiai darybiniai vertiniai lietuviškoje politechnikos terminijoje

SOCIAL LINGUISTICS PROBLEMS LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS, XIX (1979) Angel KAULAKIENĖ PREPARATIONS IR OATHS ACTIVE SUBSTANCES VALUE IN LITHUANIAN POLITECHNIKOS IN 1. TERMINOLOGY Introductory remarks One of the most important issues of terminology in any field of science is the creation of — new terms. Ją usually influencdu ed factors: ir internal external. The internal — factor is the general vocabulary of one's own language. Ji is the main source of new terms. The external — factor is the terminology of other languages, whose effect is ir manifested in borrowed values?. Vertiniy problem, in general, is not very old. Linguists į have paid attention to this concept only 19th a. century. The most controversial opinions are still on the values: disagreement on the exclusion criteria, definition, classification, jų etc. ir The origin of the values is also interpreted in two ways. Some linguists (L. Bulachovskis, S. Buličius, Unbegaunas B. et al.) ir translations have been interpreted as the transfer of internal forms of one language o to another, others (A. Tomson, V. PorzhezinskD. y, Ushakov, G. Vinokourov) have studied — ją the aspect of morphological structure. The second aspect is more common. Some linguists treat the verb as a borrowed word. They ir consider the creation of verbs as a partial problem of borrowed words. [Mulina R., 1955, 135; Ponomarenko L., 1962, 92; Ivanovas V., 1973, 12; Sergeeva L., 1975, 156— 160]. However, in recent times, the values tend to be regarded as separate lexical units, not belonging to [Hegaj M., 1964, 299; Sanskis N., 1955, 28; Jefremovas L., 1960, 16—26; Laua A., 1969, 147—150; Outline, 1974, 79—86]. Be doubt, all similar contradictions are reflected in the classification of values. For example, in the German ir linguistic literature, the types of borrowings are called the following terms: Bedeutungslehnworter (semantic borrowings), Bildungslehnwĕrter (descriptive borrowings) [Fleckenstein K., 1966, 152], Lehnformationen [Fleckenstein K., 1966, 154] (creative values). The Si group is further subdivided into: 1) Lekniibersetzungen (exact operative evaluatives); 2) Lehnschopfungen (compositions that transmit the content of a foreign word independently); 3) Lehniibertragungen (artificial values, freely transmitting their model). A separate group consists of Lehnprdgungen. It has both semantic and phraseological values. In English linguistics, valuables are classified somewhat differently: loanwords (borrowing), loanblends (semi-valued), loanshifts [Fleckenstein K., 1966, 157]. This group consists of functional and semantic values. The French language literature presents a quite detailed classification of semantics [Flekenšteinas K., 1966, 152]: 1) emprunt semantique (semantic borrowings); 2) emprunt du traduction (translated words: accurate translation words, inaccurate translation words, not entirely accurate translation words, semi-valued words); 3) translations of phraseologisms. This classification is the basis of the current classification of valuables. In modern linguistics, semantic and functional values are referred to as a more general term – lexical values. In this case, the word is used in the same sense as in the English language, but with a different meaning. The term “valuative” appeared in our linguistic literature in the second decade of the 20th century. The term was first used by Vydūnas in, šį 1914 o po 1930 m. jį secured P. Skardžius, A. Salys ir Other linguists. 143 However, in the classification of values it is more appropriate to distinguish these groups of values and analyze them separately. Semantic value — a new meaning of a word used in the language, which originates from another language, e.g. fatigue and (metal) fatigue (see Russian ycranocTb, French Jfatigue, German Ermiidung); aging and (metal) aging (cf. crapenne, engl. ageing, german. Alterung) etc. More common and much more diverse are the operative values, e.g.: bangorašis (see Russian: BosiHorpad, German: Wellenschreiber); conversation (cf. rojibfū3biIkK, engl. sublanguage): bump meter (cf. Tosukomep, engl. bumpometer) and so on. Usually, each constructive value has its own sourcez (the example by which it is composed). This can be done either by using a language that has a similar structure to the language of the source (e.g., the English language) or by using a language that has a similar structure to the language of the source (e.g., the Russian language- ). Carrier and Pan. Therefore, the evaluation directly derived from the example of some language can be called a direct evaluation, and the one that has come into Lithuanian through intermediate languages — an indirect evaluation. In translation, they use their own formants of action, their own means of action. Therefore, the creation of such values is double. It is characterized by the inseparable unity of translation and production, based on the motivation of the source. This motivation is best illustrated by the analysis of the work. Therefore, it is useful to review the metrics in terms of work analysis. In our opinion, such an overview is useful because it highlights: 1) the relation of the value to the source and 2) the relation of the value to the main word of the language. The most important of these is the subset of functional values. The name of these values varies in the literature: sometimes they are called morphological values [Mulina R., 1955, 133; Lyberis A., 1958, 104]. Often the constructive value is treated as a pamorphic copy of the word [Sanskis N., 1972, 306]. Recently, it has been proposed to call the constructive value a structural-semantic value, because such a value copies the structure of the source and takes over its semantics*. A verb value is a word composed of its own verb forms, based on the motivation of the source and reproducing the meaning of the source. Usually, the constructive value has the current meaning of the source, although sometimes it can also recreate its etymological meaning. The latter value is reproduced only in the case when it is not apparent from the motivation of the source why such a word content has such an expression, for example, gr. geometria, cf. rus. 3emaemepue. The concept of adjective value is sometimes unnecessarily expanded: it is understood not only as a word, but also as a combination of words copied from a compound source. In such cases, the source is said to be a compound word, and therefore the value derived from it must be constructive. This is not the correct opinion. In general, the values are divided into works not according to the source, but according to the method of the valuation itself. Therefore, the word combination cannot be a constructive noun. This view is also taken in this article. * Some linguists use the term ucmourur xaabkuposarus to describe such a concept (Dondukov U. —Ž. Š., 1972, 105). Other —asstk-ucmounux [Ivanovas V., 1973, 11; Sanskis N., 1955, 32; Bulachovskis L., 1953, 127]. Other linguists use the terms npomomun or UHO3bli4HbL i opueunaa [Deribas V., 1972, 84; Roitenbergas F., 1953, 15; Jefremovas L., 1960, 21]. At present, L. Yefremov proposes to use the term kaaoxupyemsiii 06sexm [Osnovy, 1974, 61 —64]. In Lithuanian linguistics, the term source language has been used to describe this concept [Keinys S., 1974, 41]. In our opinion, the term source of value would best express this concept. * This is the opinion of B. Tatarincev (1974, 7), who calls the value a semantic or structurally non-essential copy of a word from another language. E. Shakhmedov (1974) distinguishes two main ways of creating values: structural and semantic. The terms structural and structural-semantic values are used by V. Yarceva (1969, 21) and V. Ivanov (1973, 105). ai 144 Classification of Operating | Values Table | Relationsu ship with the source Relationship with | precise imprecise | adequate | inadequate direct | indirect principal | Values values values | values values | values with word pees (in terms of semantics) (in terms of action) (in terms of origin) | | . . . - . 47 . - | Prepositional prepositionprepositional |prepositional |prepositional |prepositional |prepositional value nis purposeunvalued adequate inadequate direct indirect | sis | | 2 3 4 5 6 Prepositio- | ns prepositio- | ns prepositions prepositions "preposition || Triad values nis celu-| incorrect adequate inadequate direct indirect | sis | | | | | 7 8 9 10 | 11 | 12 Galaniniai galūninis | galGininis galūninis galūninis | galūninis | galūninis vertiniai tikslusis | netikslusis |adekvatusis |neadekvatusis| tiesioginis | netiesioginis 13 14 15 15.7 art ją | 18 Sudurtiniai sudurtinis | sudurtinis sudurtinis sudurtinis sudurtinis | sudurtinis vertiniai | tikslusis netikslusis | adekvatusis neadekvatusis tiesioginis | netiesioginis | | 19 20 | 22 | 23 24 21 | Some linguists distinguish only between exact and incorrect semi-values. į ir Usually, this distribution is determined by the value ratio su $source. Other linguists classify the operative values according to the operative forms (affinities). This division is evident from the value relationship with the main word of the own language. It seems appropriate to take both classification characteristics: the relation of the value to the source and the relation of the value to the main word. This is required by the very dual nature of operative values. This analysis highlights the more detailed classification of the functional values. Values can be divided into prepositional, adverbial, ending and enriched according to their relation to the main word, and according to their relation to the source — into precise and imprecise (with regard to semantics), into direct and indirect (with regard to origin), into adequate and inadequate (with regard to action), etc. (see table 1). Undoubtedly, this classification is determined by the constructional tendencies of Lithuanian and the analogy with other languages. However, in our opinion, the classification of constructive verbs should be based on two main classification characteristics: the relation of the verb to the source and the relation of the verb to the main word. This article discusses the prepositional and prepositional operative nouns. The relationship of these values with the source and the main word of the language is analyzed. This analysis highlights the motivation of the values and the creation of values itself. The material is taken from various printed sources: dictionaries of terms, scientific and science popularization magazines, textbooks for higher and special secondary schools, etc. Such diverse material helps to better identify the respective tendencies of prepositional and prepositional functional values and highlight the criteria for their evaluation. 10. Užs. No. 1554 145 2. Overview of pre-emptive values An important feature that distinguishes prepositional derivatives from adverbial derivatives is that the prepositions in most cases do not change the grammatical status of the base word, i.e. its belonging to any part of the language. Some linguists call this their lack of classificatory significance and consider it an important distinctive feature of this kind of derivatives [Levkovskaja K., 1960, 86]. This feature allows you to compare prefix derivatives with "„composed words. In addition, the prefix, as a word-forming formant, remains phonetically, morphologically and semantically more independent in the derivative than the suffix. However, in terms of productivity, the derivatives of prepositions are far behind the other derivatives. According to S. Keinis, more than three-quarters of the derivatives presented in the “Politechnical Dictionary of Russian—- Lithuanian Languages” (V., 1959) and the “Dictionary of Computing Technology Terms of Russian Lithuanian—English Languages” (V., 1971) (a total of over 4300) are derived from prepositions (about 3400). Only about 29 terms are made with prepositions, [Keinys S., 1975a, 15].,,Lietuviy kalbos gramatikoje“ states that the following prepositions are used in the construction of literary language nouns: ant-, apy-(ap-, api-), at-(ata-, ato-), be-, į-, iš-, ne-, nuo-, pa-, per-, po-, pra-, prie-, pries-, pro-, są-(sam-, san-), už-(užu-, užuo-) [Gramatika, 1965, 423]. According to productivity V. Urbutis arranges these prepositions as follows: pa-, už-(uZu-, užuo-), ant-, prie-, ne-, į-, apy-(ap-, api-), po-, be-, prieš-, at-(ata-, ato-), iš-, per-, pro-, nuo-, pra-, są-(sam-, san-) [Urbutis V., 1971, 30]. In addition, there are 19 more prominent international prefixes: a-, anti-, ark(i)-, dis-, eks-, for-, infra-, ko(n)-, kontr(a)-, meta-, peri-, pro-, proto-, re-, sub-, super-, trans-, ultra-, vice-. In the current terminology of our polytechnic, evaluations are more often made only with the following prefixes: a) Lithuanian ant-, at(o)-, ne-, pa-, po-, prieš-, virš-; (b) international anti-, infra-, pro-, sub-, super-, ultra, etc. Nouns with international prefixes usually retain the ending of the main noun unchanged. In addition, some of these values are derived from operatively complex prepositional derivatives, e.g.: postcleaning (computational technique), anti-coincidence (physics), superconductor (physics) and so on. These derivatives are compared with other values made up of various other prefixoids, e.g.: milikiurvalandė (physics), stopbutton (computing technology), telecontrol (automation), servomultiplier (computing technology) and so on. All such derivatives with international prefixes and prefixoid will be considered semi-valued and will not be discussed in this article. In addition, there are derivatives made from the Lithuanian prefix and the international Word, e.g. paprogramė (calculation technique) — Russian noonpozpamma || English subprogram(me). Such values are now becoming more common, and they are occasionally corrected by another prefix (e.g., subsubprogram). In the terminology of polytechnics, in addition to the prepositional terms — the actual terms of this field — there are also derivatives that are not formed as terms of this field, but are taken over already ready to be named for special concepts of various branches of technology, e.g.: subgroup (computational technology) and so on. Such valuations are also not included in our review. In the following we will discuss Lithuanian terms used in polytechnic terminology according to individual prefixes. Prefixes on-, over-* values. In polytechnic terminology, the prefixed valents usually indicate the excess of the terminological designate named by the main word. Sometimes the prefix over (see anti-voltage and over-voltage) is used for the same purpose. Both prefixes correspond to the Russian prefixes XaO-, ceepx-, dt. iiber-, angl. super-, over-. In this case, the prefixes an and over are not yet properly normalized, and the prefixes overvalued are more common, e.g. antroviris (physics)<—- rus. "Ceepxmox, angl. supercurrent, overpressure (physics)<-- rus". Ceepxdasienue, superpressure, etc. 4 In this case, the preposition over passes into the prepositional group. The values of these values are called the prefix values. 146 "Prefix overvalued. The following prefixes are most commonly used: Russian prefix npomue-, Germans gegen-, vor-, English counter- (and international counter-). Valuatives usually indicate a certain opposition to the terminological designatam to named by the main word, e.g.: counter-pressure (physics)— rus. npomueodaenenue, vok. Back ir pressure pan. In this case, the values are derived from prepositions and iš endings, for example: priešamplifikatorius (physics) <-rus. npedycurumens, priesitampis (fizika)<-vok. Preload pan. ir Prefixes after -, conjugates. These prefixes are most commonly translated: Russian prefix nod-, English (and international) sub-, German unter-. Values usually refer to a smaller unit of the terminological designate named by the main word; e.g.: damaged (cybernetika) rus. node 2361, sublanguage, substring (calculation technique)<-rus. nodo6.racme, angl. subregion, poerdvis (f izika)—ruūs. nodnpocmpancmeo, engl. subspace, vok. Lower ir compartment pan. PreEdélio unvaluable. This prefix is usually translated: Russian prefix xe-, English non-, un-, German nicht-, un-. Values usually indicate the negative opposite of the terminological designate named by the main word, e.g.: non-conductor (physics)<—rubber. KenpoeoOdKux, vok. Non-conduir ctor pan. The lack of prepositional values in Lithuanian polytechnic terminology does not allow to draw broader general conclusions. Iš what we have said about prepositional valuations, only the following can be stated: prepositional valuations in Lithuanian du polytechnic 1) terminology are usually created in the case when the derived terminological designate is expressed through the main designate and the latter is connected with certain classification relationships; In the current Lithuanian ir su polytechnic terminology, prepositional values are more and more often made derivatives of various 2) prepositions. iš 3. Overview of subordinate values All the prepositional operative values used in polytechnic terminology can be divided into two groups. į The first group consists of those values that are considered real (true) values su according ir to the relationship with the source key word. Usually, the main word in such values is value. The second group is composed of prepositional adverbial values that are considered values only by their su relation to the source. ni In relation to the main su word of the own language, such values are relative, because the main word is jų own, Lithuanian. Therefore, it is not possible to strictly ir distinguish the value derivative in this case. One can only point to the influence ar of one language on another, which leads to similar neologisms. The first group includes many of the suffixes used in polytechnic terminology su -Is. In Russian, this suffix corresponds to the suffix -exue, German -ung, English -ing. Adverbs -imas values are called the action, event, state itself. This type of values are made up of prepositional verbs. iš Such valuations are adequate su according to the relationship with the source (in terms of ir performance) usually accurate (in terms of semantics). It is therefore easy to iš distinguish them from other Lithuanian derivatives of the same type. Be the key word of these values is the value itself. The suffixes of these -im values motivation is determined by double relationships, which highlight iš the structural semantic interface of the ir motivating the motivated, e.g., water watering ir — (technique) plg. Russian. 06600Kenue, vok. Bewdsserung; charcoal — charcoal (technique) plg. Russian. Xayznepodicusanue, vok. Durchkohlung ; nuanglinti->coating (technique) plg. Russian. obGesyeaepoxcusarue, vok. Kohlenstoffentziehung: degreasing->degreasing (technique) plg. Russian. 06essxcupueanue, vok. Entfetung: dehydrating->dehydration (calculation technique) plg. Russian. 06eseomxueanue, vok. Discharge. Sometimes Lithuanian suffixes du are formed from one source -im values equalir 10* 147 used together in polytechnic terminology, e.g. inulinti—nullification (technology) ir ground->grounding (technique) plg. Russian. sasemaerue, angl. earting. The second group is somewhat more diverse. It has such subordinate values. Adverbs -tube values. In Russian, this suffix corresponds to the adverbs -meas, -HUK, -4UK, German -er, English -er, -or. Adverbs -tuvas values are called various tools, devices, mechanisms. This is iš essentially the same as su the literary ir folk language suffixes -tube with lead making inclinations. In literary language, these verbs are usually used in the form of non-prepositional verbs, and in the form of prepositional verbs. su Prepositional verbs are apparently o more commonly — su chosen because of the influence of terminology from other languages. Such suffixes -tube valuable in terms of origin (according to the su relationship with the source) O considered values, in terms of structure (by relation to su the main word) — derivatives. Therefore, similar values are called relative, e.g., atskirti—separator (thermal technology) plg. Russian. omadeaumeas, angl. separator; unload—loader (technique) plg. Russian. pasepyxcameas, vok. Dump truck, angl. discharger; remove—to remove (computing technique) plg. Russian. cCSennHnuK, vok. Customer: numesti->numestuvas (technique) plg. Russian. copacoisanieno, angl. kicker; heat up->heater (technique) plg. Russian. noJdo2peeameno, angl. heater; superheat->superheater (thermal technology) plg. Russian. Nepe2peeameno, vok. Uberhitzer: interrupt->interrupter (technique) plg. Russian. Namepoteameno, angl. interrupt; rinse—rinser (technique) plg. Russian. npomsieameas, vok. Washer, angl. washer; receive—the receiver (physics) plg. Russian. npuemrux, vok. Empfinger ir pan. Be therefore, many of these vertiniy polytechnic terminology are used alongside non-permissive suffixes -tube of leads. This usage shows that the prepositional variants have been influenced by other languages and are therefore considered to be values, e.g. ir (thermal technology) plg. Russian. omdeaumeas, angl. separator; receiver ir receiver (physics) plg. Russian. npuemnux, vok Receiver; guide ir (technique) plg. Russian. omkaonumens, angl. deflector; heater ir heater (technique) plg. Russian. nodoepesamens, angl. heater; washer ir washer (technique) plg. Russian. Npmsisamens, vok. Wiischer, angl. washer ir t. t. This value motivation is determined by double connections (semantic ir structural interface — of the ir keyword of — the value source). Sometimes the natural value relationship su with the main word is violated. Then the prepositional adverbs -fuvas values are irregular non-creativir e, e.g. redirect (technique) plg. Russian. "OmkKA0Hume.no". omkKA0Hume.no. deflector; heater (technique) plg. Russian. nodoepeeamens, angl. heater ir kt. Adverbs -iklis values. In the polytechnic terminology, the values of this suffix are: Simpler devices a) ar jų parts ir b) various chemicals. A large number of device-naming suffixes -iclis (Russian). -me1b, engl. -er, -or, vok. -er) values formed by prepositional iš verbs. Similar to suffixes ir -tuvas prepositional verbs are chosen for this type of verbs because of the analogy with other languages. In this case, it is possible to su use the value of the relation as o the value of the su reference. It is also not possible to strictly distinguish such values. It can only be stated that in Lithuanian tą literary language the non-prepositional derivatives of this suffix are more common. Prepositional suffixes - the terminological innovations in the polytechnic terminology have arisen as a result of other influences. bų Some are jų considered values because they are semanticalir ly adequate to their su source, e.g. separator (technique) plg. Russian. omdeaumeas, angl. separator; dropper (thermal technology) plg. Russian. cOpaceiéamens, angl. kicker; pusher (technique) plg. Russian. "Ommaakusameas, angl. repellent; switch (technique) plg. Russian. Nepekawuamens, vok. toggle switches; coupling (technique) plg. Russian. coedurumens, angl. connect; reloader (technique) plg. Russian. unplugged, angl. shifter , 148 rinse aid (technique) plg. Russian. npomeisamens, vok. Wiischer, angl. washer; ejector (technique) plg. Russian. Eormeckumeno, vok. Degenerate. Several suffixes -icon in the terminology of valuable polytechnics goes by the names of various chemical substances. Such values are associated with prepositional su verbs, e.g. (technique) plg. Russian. ocpacumeas; diluent (chemistry) plg. Russian. pa36aeumeno etc., ir although sometimes the prepositional verbs are chosen be (solvent cf. Russian. pas6aeumeno). Currently, there is a relatively large use of non-prepositional suffixes ir in polytechnic terminology. -a number of terminological innovations, meaning the names of chemical substances. These neologisms are also considered to be values, because they are formed by analogy with other languages, e.g. aušiklis (physics) plg. Russian. oxaaJdOumeAo; ésdiklis (technique) plg. Russian. mpasumeas, vok. Atzer; switch (technique) plg. Russian. coeduxumeno, vok. connecting center; hardener (technique) plg. Russian. -OmeepOumeo, Angl. hardener; liesiklis (technique) plg. Russian. omowumeas; accelerator (technique) plg. Russian. Samedaumens, vok. Delay; softener (technique) plg. Russian. mseuumens, angl. softener. ; Adverbs -iklis values in Lithuanian polytechnic terminology are formed by iš prepositional verbs. These values are relative, because the main word is own, Lithuanian. This is a typical example of a proof-of-work method. Therefore, it is not possible to distinguish very strictly between the -tuvas and -iklis values. It can be assumed that most often the values of these adjectives are related to prepositional verbs. The operative motivation of the values of the adjectives -fuvas and -iklis emerges from the structural and semantic interface of the value—source and value—main word. Lately, in the polytechnic terminology, the suffixes -tuvas and -iklis are very often used in compound full terms*, such as stiprintuvas-išlygintuvas (technique) plg. rus. ycuaumeano-soinpamumens, angl. amplifier-rectifier; switch-separator; switch-separator (technology) pertauktuvas- -skirstytuvas (technika) plg. rus. npepoeamens6-pacnpedenumeno, angl. interrupter-distributor, vok. Circuit breaker distributors and so on. This use of compound full terms is justified. In these cases, two equivalent nouns are connected by a dash, one of which is a noun. But in general, such names for complex machines are not convenient. In such cases, it is suggested to name only the specific function (the more general one will be understood). In other cases, such composite full terms should be replaced by coordinating compounds — composite terms [Balašaitis A., 1977, 20]. The Russian suffix -meas, English -er, -or, German -er corresponds to the Lithuanian suffixes -ėjas, -tojas. In Russian, often in English and German, nouns composed with these suffixes designate both subjects and objects. In general, the meaning of the -meas suffix in Russian should be considered abstract, having at least some specific meanings that assign it to a certain, strictly limited semantic group of words. A much more accurate is the old grammatical meaning of the suffix -me/6, corresponding to Lithuanian suffixes -éjas, -tojas. Therefore, there is semantic duplicity in the use of the suffix -me/. Firstly, the -mne16 suffix continues to be used for Russian nouns with the meaning of an actor (a person). On the other hand, more and more, especially in the special usage of technical terminology, there appear words with this suffix, denoting objects, means or even abstract components [Sorokinas J., 1965, 229]. Undoubtedly, such semantic duplicity of this adverb has influenced the corresponding values of this adverb used in Lithuanian language. Therefore, due to this analogy with the Russian, sometimes English and German languages, in Lithuanian polytechnic terminology there is a double use of the adjective: a) regular, b) irregular. * In Russian linguistic literature similar terms are called “C. I0>xxHOcOcTaBHbleė TEpMHHbI” or “AByXOCHOBbIe CJIOxKEeHHsi” [Andrejevas N., 1963, 119—134]. 149 In the Lithuanian language, these adverbs are given. For example, in the case of a person, the suffixes -ėjas, -tojas are used to denote the names of the subjects or possessors of the verb characteristics. -er, 0 names of various devices, mechanisms or their parts are formed with suffixes -tuvas, -iklis plg. rus. also -meas, angl. -er, -or, de. -er, e.g., angl. finder plg. liet. 1. finder. 2. the applicant; rus. depacameas, angl. holder, vok. Halter plg. lit. 1. the holder. 2. the holder; Russian. Hocumeas, angl. carrier, vok. Trager plg. let. 1. carrier. 2. carrier and so on. In the Lithuanian polytechnic terminology, the values formed with these suffixes are closer to the names of the owners of the verb property. The most common examples are: 6036ydumeans: This is an optimization problem where there are users, each of which consists of k, (i=1,... n) resource-- consuming elements. Oxygen is considered an undisputed cause of corrosion of boiler metal. In these values, the non-living objects are given the name of the actor, rather of the possessor of the verb property, in a figurative sense, e.g. factory producer 3asod-npoussodumeasv, factory polluter 3a6000-30epasKumeno, factory supplier 3a800-nocmaswuk, etc. Only logically, such terms as factory-producer, factory-supplier are incomprehensible, because every factory produces and supplies something. In general, such use of the adverbs -ėjas, -tojas in polytechnic terminology is justified, because the semantic and structural interface of the principal Word of the evaluative — the source and the evaluative — is not violated. It is a highly motivated and motivational work. Sometimes, due to the semantic duplicity of the suffix -meas, in the Lithuanian polytechnic terminology there are quite a lot of incorrect translations. There are three of them. The incorrectness of one of the values is related to the main word, which is incorrectly chosen. In such cases, the semantic interface of the value and the main Word is violated. This type of functional adequacy to its source prepositional functional value in semantic terms is inaccurate and incorrect, e.g. носитель plg. рус. Hocumeas, angl. carrier, vok. "Isle of Wight Railway". "Hocumeaov u3omona, isotopic carrier". "Isotopentrüger || ladungsträger, rus. Hocumeas sapada, charge carrier, vok. Ladungstrager || side carrier, rus. HEOCHOBHO LU Hocumens, angl. minority carrier, vok. Minority struggle (physics). The incorrectness of other values used in polytechnic terminology is related to the incorrect use of the suffix itself, e.g. atšakotojas (technika) plg. rus. omeemeumeas, angl. coupler; Reversing (technics) plg. rus. nepexawouamens, angl. reverser, dt. toggle switches; 8036y0ume/o, angl. exciter; 2008. (Russian). (English). (Russian). (English). (Russian). (English).. interrupter ir pan. Other adjectives -ėjas, -tojas are used to incorrectly name materials, e.g. įliepsnodintojas (technology) plg. rus. 60cnmanMeKHumenob; rescuer (technique) plg. rus. 6ocemaxoeumeno; aušintuvas (technika) plg. rus. ox1ad0umeas and so on. Most of these irregular adverbial verbs are found in special secondary school textbooks and scientific journals. The motivation of these values is unfounded. There is an uncertain and operative and semantic interface between the value and the main word. Therefore, such blind values do not correspond to the Lithuanian word formation norms. In terminology, similar devices or materials are named by other suffixes that can be specialized [Keinys S., 1975b, 7—53]. The adverbs -ėjas, -tojas, used in Lithuanian polytechnic terminology, are closer to the names of the owners of the verb property. Due to the semantic duplicity of the Russian suffix -meab and analogous suffixes used in other languages, 4 Sie compound terms are not considered to be adjectives. However, their component — the carrier — is a constructive value, therefore the semantics of this value is analyzed. 150 a number of irregular values are made. For some, the wrong verb is chosen. These are the terms used in the dictionary. The incorrect use of other values is related to su the incorrect use of the prefix itself. This type of values are usually found in textbooks of special secondary schools. Adverbs -um values. In Russian, this suffix corresponds to the suffix -0cmb, English -bility, in German - Kate. Adverbs -umas values designate a generalized, detached, attribute, iš property or state derived from the meaning of the main word. Such values are usually translated by Russian passive present participles, e.g., obraba—obrabaem—obrabilnost iš k. I. (technique) plg. Russian. 06pa6amoteaem-—>00pa6ambieaembiti—>06pa6bambieaenocmo, vok. machining capability; repeats repeated->repetition — (computing technology) plg. Russian. no8MOPACMEA—>NOBMOPACMbLU—>N0BMOPAEMOCME; restoring—restored—restoreability (computational technique) plg. rus. eoccrmanasausaem—»eoccmanasausaemolii— soccmanasaueaemocme, angl. restorability; jgeria—>joral—digestibility (technique) plg. Russian. snumeisaem—enumeisaemolii—enumeoleaemocmes; invertible—-invertible—invertibility (thermal technology) plg. Russian. wenepesepmoieaem— Henepesepmoléaemslii — Henepesepmolgaemocms, vok. Unconvertibility; suspaudzia—suspaudziamas — suspaudZiamumas (technique) plg. Russian. cacumaem — cucumaeMoll — cocumaemocmes, compressibility, etc. These values are functionally adequate and semantically accurate. ir In the terminology of polytechnics, several values of this suffix are used, which are semantically accurate, but are not adequate in terms of usage, because the usage tendencies of the Lithuanian language do not coincide with the usage tendencies of the source of the value (in this case, the Russian language), e.g., užsidegamumas (technika) plg rus. camososeapaemocme; self-restorability (computational technique) pg. camosoccmarasausaemocme, angl. self-restorability etc. The -umas adverbs are usually made from the present-- time participants of the passive type. The main word of these values is prepositional. Such assessments with their source are adequate and accurate, but sometimes too greedy. In general, the -umas prepositions in Lithuanian are not commonly used to form vedic nouns from participants. However, such participle derivatives of this adverb are widespread and continue to spread in terminology. Their spread can be explained by the influence of other languages, especially Russian. Therefore, in the polytechnic terminology, the relative functional values of this suffix, composed of nouns, are used in addition to the nouns. Such values are called nominal values. In the polytechnic terminology, verb-valued nouns (composed of verbs) are also used. All of the above can be divided into real and relative, verbs and nouns. There are 5 types of verb prepositional adverbs with suffixes -imas (names of actions), -tuvas (names of tools), -iklis (names of tools), ~ ėjas (names of possessors of the verb property), -tojas (names of possessors of the verb property). Substantial prepositional adjectives are used only with the suffix -umas (names of particulars). The operative motivation of verb and noun adverbial adjective values emerges from two relationships: the structural and semantic relationship of the adjective — the source and the adjective — the main word. Literatūra Balašaitis A. Žemės ūkio specialistų kalbos rūpesčiai. — Kalbos kultūra. V., 1977, sąs. 33. Keinys S. Kurie-ne-kurie terminų darybos bruožai. — Kalbotyra. V., 1974, t. 25 (1). Keinys S. Lietuviškų technikos terminų darybos apžvalga. — Kalbų dėstymas. K., 1975 a. Keinys S. Priesaginė lietuviškų terminų daryba. — Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai. V., 1975 b, t. 16. Lietuvių kalbos gramatika. V., 1965, t. 1. Laua A. Latviešu leksikologija. Riga, 1969. Lyberis A. ir Ulvydas K. Lietuvių literatūrinės kalbos leksikos praturtėjimas tarybinės santvarkos metais. — Kn.: Literatūra ir kalba. V., 1958, t. 3. 151