Daugpilio apylinkių lietuvių šnektos fonetika

IŠ LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS STORIES LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS XX (1980) E. GRINAVECKIENĖ PHONETICS OF THE LITHUANIAN SCHNECK OF DAUGPILIO REGION 1. INTRODUCTION a) 1977 m. dialectological expedition conducted by the Belarusian TSR MA J. Collapse Language Institute together su Latvian TSR MA Institute ir of Language and Literature tu ir Lietuvos TSR MA Lithuanian Language ir and Literature Institute, were studied Latvian TSR Daugpilio (lat. Daugavpils), Kraslavos (lat. Kraslava), Ludzos (lat. Ludza), Rezeknés (lat. "Regional White Houses". Our task was to collect The southern part of Daugavpi- — ls district left Dauguvos (lat. The Lithuanian language is spoken in Lithuania by Belarusians. Most of us have been worked Cereals (lat. Skrudaliena)! in the surrounding area (18 km from Daugavpiį ls southeast), especially Ragūliškių (lat. In the ir neighbouring villages. Tų We have recorded in the Belarusian dialect of some places a number of words of Lithuanian origin, names of places, surnames, fragments of Lithuanian proverbs?*. Daugavpils (local lit. taria Daugpils, Daugpilys, Daiigavpilis, Daiiguvpilis) in the suburb of Gryvojé (lat. Griva, now part of Daugavpils on the left bank of the Daugava), we learned that there were a few local people living here who spoke Lithuanian." In the neighborhood (lat. Calcine; older more often say Kalku.ne. *) * It is of be Lithuanian origin. Būga K. (Selected Writings. V., 1961, t. 3, p. 565) quite reasonably jį time rising liet. iš Tortellini (plg. let. dial. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum *anthill"). * Iš names of these places of Lithuanian origin, in particular the mentioned names of villages su suffix -ituki, e.g., Bdluimki, CYpsuui, Périmki, Enimki, Bécepuki, Kipaiuki, Pymaniwxi, Jlsiardniummxi, MiKaniwki, aipsaniuwki etc. ir K. Boogs (Būga K. Selected writings, t. 3, p. 565—566) ir J. Safarevičiaus (Safarewicz J. Lithuanian place names na - Iszki. — Onomastica, 1956, Nr. 2, p. 15) opinion, where common place names su suffix -iški, there — are historical places inhabited by Lithuanians. There are many other ir Lithuanian-origin toponymy elements, e.g., ir names of pool forests ir — Illj1anari, Upstaiuri, Kimcet, etc., ir some old names of local people — CepsYus, Max3iika, Kapauon, Jlsmkyn ir et al. In the village of Ragūliškiai there are also written four Lithuanian proverbs. Tupos, for example, said. order. || safe $dka, tilvikis pabalis nimaka || pėlupe. - I'm sorry. "peeled sausage) || all branch, all breast, be.larūsti bii.lbes skita || Tų the meaning of the phrases the persons who said them did not know how to explain. They only said that their grandparents used to speak jų like that, ir especially when they wanted the children not to understand some more secret things. Here are lively used some Lithuanian ir phraseologisms values, e.g., Gaadra ix (plg. let. bala jū); Ka6 Ta cxicaa (plg. let. to sour) tu and others. It was also noted that the inhabitants of these places spoke Latvian (interviewed by Latvian linguist filol. m. cand. B. Reidzanė) used many words, forms and values typical of Lithuanian in his jų Latvian language, e.g., es no five bins (plg. lat. Ik I am, let. bani) majūs; bėrni atiet (plg. lat. 1k Come on, let's go. comes) un helps; train leaves (plg. lat. I'm going. piendk, liet. comes) uz station ap four kt. ir One local 75 years old The inhabitant of Gryva Janas Jadzėvičius had now moved to live next door į The Apex. (6 km į south of Grives). Su with us he spoke pretty good Lithuanian. Here is an jo autobiographical excerpt: “I am born. Gri.voj man' || septynia.sdėšimt pinki métai tėvas le.tūvis močia le.tūvis mécia || gimi. ir || Žvi.rbliški., father — Gri.vdj || su Mask.liūnu iš A turkey. kap sūstenkam, it's still le.tuviškai“ || Other ancient local Gryvas Lithuanians are already extinct. * Būga K. Selected writings, t. 3, p. 567, exp. 2, indicates that in Lithuanian it should be called Kdlkuoné. 223 in the area (7 km from Gryvės į pietuose) speak Lithuanian at home and ir consider themselves Lithuanians. A few old native Lithuanians live ir Honey (lat. Honey; the old say more often Mead, also plg. the name of the lake there Honey? bei Smiltinés (lat. Smiltene) in the vicinity. About the to expedition 'metu was investigir ated by our visited The Lithuanians of Daugavpils area, here called collectively Dauguvieši, spoken. Tų the basis of this ir article. b) According to K. Buga and A. Bylenšteinas, Lithuanians have lived in the vicinity of Daugpils on the left bank of the Daugava since ancient times." The Lithuanian language of these places has not been studied so far. However, some knowledge, especially about its phonetics, has been published by K. Būga. In 1911, together with E. Volteris, he has done some research on the Lithuanian dialect of the Ciskodo (Tiskūdi) parish of the Rezekne district and published his findings. In them some of the data of Ciskodas schneck are compared with the Lithuanian schneck data of Gryvds, Kalkūnai and Laukesds neighborhoods®. Our research only confirms and partly supplements the linguistic data published by K. Buoga, expands knowledge and provides new facts about the phonetics of the Lithuanian schnekt of these places. c) Dialectal examples of this schnekt with minor iSimtims® are presented in the article in the usual Ik characters. 5 Maskoliūnas Augūstas (83 years old), Maskoliūnienė Jūlija (81 years old), Kergalvys (also says Kiergalvys, Kėragalvis, Kergelis, Kiergelis) Povilas (81 years old), Kergalvienė Monika (76 years old), Katkėvičius Antanas (67 years old), KatkéviCiené (about 65 years old), Igliška Benediktas (about 60 years old), Igliskienė Apolionija (about 55 years old), both their children of school age, Gravel¥ys (about (80 years old), Graveliené (about 78 years old), Lapkauskiené (about 80 years old), Ple¢kénas (about 75 years old), Jonénas (also says Janina) Ana (about 80 years old) and others speak Lithuanian here. They are all well versed in Latvian literary language and Russian. Only Kergalvys, Kergalviené, Katkevičius, Maskolitniené, IgliSkiené were interviewed in our Lithuanian language. It is worth mentioning that Kalkūnai belongs to the Laukesds (Lat. Laucesa) Catholic parish, in whose church, according to people’s accounts, every third Sunday until 1977 there was singing in Lithuanian. In Kalkūnai village cemetery we found a lot of Lithuanian monumental inscriptions, e.g., Cia Ilsys Ona Laureniene Mire 1958 || Laurenas Antanas || Barčys Antanas || Cia ilsys Barcis Antalukas and Julitia || Barčyene Julja || Cia Ilsis Graweliania Jieva || Gravelis Ignatas || Rozalia Isadiene || 3, p. 567) the form of the sources Meddum restores to Medina. Local residents speak Lithuanian here: Masčnas Stas¥s (74), Smilginšs, Liskinys Mikelis (69), Petrauskienė, Bainasėvičienė and others. In the neighboring village of Smiltynė. (6 km from Medum to the northwest) we interviewed the local Lithuanian woman Vėrdanienė (pronounced Vierdaniene) Anėlė (70 years old) and her brother Liskin¥ys Pranas (57 years old). For comparison, two Igliškiai school-age children were also interviewed. See. Būga K. Rinktiniai raštai, t. 3, p. 563—568, taip pat p. 99—100; see also Bielenstein A. Die Grenzen des lettischen Volksstammes und der lettischen Sprache in der Gegenwart und im 13. Century. St. Petersburg, 1882, pp. 5-10, 172, 390. Of course, this should be verified by the latest research in linguistics, archaeology and ethnography. 8 See. K. Collective Writings. vol. 3, pp. 570-572; see also ibid., pp. 88, 96, 97. For us, it is particularly significant and relevant the thought expressed by K. Būga here (p. 571) that,,The language of the Lithuanians of Ciskodas is not at all different from the language of the Gryva, Kalkunene (Kalkuhnen) and Laukesds neighborhoods*",- "providing the very first summarized data on the Lithuanian language of the Daugavpils neighborhoods, which we are studying. Wide unstretched vowel e intermediate between eir a notation «e; weakly labialized unstretched 0 written 2; hardened /buttocked ė notation ¢; the middle-order vowel i, derived from ¢ after the solid /, is denoted by bt; the softness of a consonant is indicated by a comma, I write such a consonant high on the right side of the letter; sample variants are separated by a slash; two parallels are placed at the end of the dialect sentence; between examples punctuation —comma and semicolon —as in Ik. 224 ai Since the prepositions seem to be clearly distinguished here, the length of the accentuated vowel is first jį indicated by the letter (e. g. ė, €, y, į, ū, ų) ir the corresponding standby sign (e.g. ‘azuolas’, it happens. "was', dilutes "skidra'), only the half length of the first syllable of the r pronounced solid i,u+1,m,n, diphthong (as the ir half-length of each long non-consonto ant) is indicated by a dot on the right side of the jį letter denoting low (e.g. ki.lpa, bi.rtai, gi.vi.nte.). The length of the unaccented vowel, except ė, y, į, ū, ų (they are spelled so), ir shown by a dash written above the letter jį representing (e.g., bookcases) "booklet"). The meaning of unclear dialect examples is explained in quotation marks (e.g., exclamation.- t* "reproduce"'). II. 1998-1999 VOCALS 1. Old Pronunciation of *dj, *#j The Lithuanian dialect of Daugavpils area belongs to the eastern Dzūkijos. Tą its peculiarity the first has noticed and stated K. Booga! ?. Although the language is almost homogeneous, there are some variations in pronunciation. ir It is the only one of the younger iš members of the group who ir speaks fluently. So, the ir drunkenness This is not quite consistent. It is ir consistently more pronounced on the lips of the older ir generation in older, more commonly spoken words, e.g., kniūpscia, meldzias, glūdzia.s "flat, straight', pū.nciu., pū.ncia.te. || In the language of the youth, especially in newer words, jo it is usually ir not present at all, e.g. dviračia., trupučiuūku., va.ke.čiais, pamečiau In the language || Ir of the elderly it happens that the same form of ta the speaker himself can to be said in parallel when dzūkavimas refused dzūkavimas, e.g. cia.nai čia.nai; plum, ir kitschy malt; jaunūciam mažiūčiui, mažiūčiai; | staciaii, arciaū skaiciaii: | atavercia, suldidzia | paldidia, pripučia | | || In general, we have found a more regular dzūkavimas against a contradictory vns, especially in the verbal form. a, I a. formosis, e.g., mathys, na.récia, negailecia; išvercia, nuplaudzia ‘washes’; third; I doubt it. "danties", the word. ; saldzia.s, gdrdzia.s; Vein. ‘dZiovino’; dzia.vi.ntas, bet tik griricia "gryčia", grifi¢ia.s || Much less common *tj, *dj > c, dz before the words ai, au, uo, e.g. kve.ciai, dziauigias, 0, dudziau, pradzios, pacidj, kve.ciuds, bet va.ke.čiai, apsivedfiau "vedžiau', pakrasciuds, plg. still birds, all kinds of houses’, ticidjas “tyCiojasi’, suvaikščia.jit “suvaik$Ciokite’. It is rarely used against a preposition, e.g. paciūs, peciūs, girdziū, sudziūvus, kve.ciū, but only u, ma.čiuūte., mergyčiu., baldgūdžiu. "Belarusian", guessing. "past', prieža.džiu., švifičiu., miniciu., vėrdunčiu., skaičius, grėčium "greta'. In the shortened communicative ending, the fricative is barely noticeable, e.g., nuskūse', nėšč' ( < carried because of progressive š assimilation), but only gi.vi.nt" "to live", pridzia.vi.nt’, ge.dét’, paldist’, also degraded. ir 'Calm down', come on. ‘eiti’ kt. ir Now there's almost no buzz before every sniff i, y, ie, in, e.g., gard, press, dpkas "empty", cock, mother, de.dūtis "grandfather", sits, ažudi.rpt', ū.ntis "duck, ducks', birth (plg. lat. dzemdēšana) "birth; suckling', average, 100.s "air', station, impure (plg. lat. netirs) "nesvarus', nepatiūka, atlaidit "paleiskite', pridigs "pridygs', artie ‘arti’, dičvas, netiésa, diela.s © See Būga K. Selected writings, t. 3, p. 571. " The differences in consonants are highlighted by examining each phonetic characteristic of the schnekt separately. 225 “intestinal worms, ascaris; such a children- ’s disease’, diéna, although it still happened to hear and ci.nsta “tinsta’- ”, cikras next to the more frequent tikras (the example with c is also recorded in the magnetophone tape No. VIII, preserved in the Lithuanian Language and Literature Institute). However, that in this case, in the past, the fishing here will have been quite désningas'®, well shows above all the name of the lake of these places Skirscinys (some say and Skirscinis) < Skirstinys (possible object, ir village name of Skrūdaliena apylinkių ĮI3ipBaniniki), such words used in conversation as išči.nsta, viščiėna, arkliarūgščis "horse sour" outcinsta, (< chicken, horse sour due to progressive assimilation) and here are § hypernormalisms va.ke.cys va.ke.cjs) "German', thousand thousands) (< (< 'tūkstanCiai'. The leveling of the fricative, especially before the i, vowel, is most likely influenced by the Latvian literary language, which is well known here and for which this phonetic phenomenon is not typical." At the same time, it is noticeable that tv, turning cv, dv dzv cases in the conversation are not found at all, e.g., pusdvi.likis ‘half twelve’, twiftus "strong". Very rarely, instead of the dialectal normative, a soft one c ar is ¢ pronounceir d, e.g., f, retiaii reciail ] rečiaū | (dž.), statiaū | staciaū | staciaii (d.) This, a possible object, is probably an to analogy of other forms of the trunk itself. On the other hand, perhaps it could be some atypical hypernormalism. In the case of foreign words of ir phonological origin, for example, din is usually preserved. ir č lha, suckling "if Ciupinéjasi’; footnotes.com "Friday', punčiūka.s "stockings", vėrčiukas "long-braced', teli¢ia.s, skle.njéia.s "glass", či.stacielas (plg. No. wubictanen) “fireweed’, although feet (next to the more ir common more usual feet). 2. Of other consonant compounds su j/ tarimas In the speech of consonant j compounds usually disappears, softening the consonant before itself, only the word beginning bj, always healthy, e.g., ugly, spit'; I'm guilty. ; labiaū, grepiau, iškepiau; pj keliū, negaliū, apipilia, nėmi.lia ‘nemyli’; , '* K. Buga, stating that Cisko's speech almost identical to The Daugavpils Lithuanian schnektos, indicates that here the Dzūkian is spoken only according to one characteristic: cid, svėcias, marcids, but marti, tikras (Būga K. Selected writings, t. 3, p. 571). Tą K. Booga's thought repeats ir Zinkevičius Z. Lithuanian dialectology. V., 1966, p. 139. Our submitted Cases of the Daugavpils Lithuanians' šnekta Dzūkijos šį specify ir the statement allows to affirm that here, ir as in most of the eastern Dzūkijos šnekta In Lithuania, iš the old was cooked according to both characteristics, only the second jų ir K. During the examination of the bouga, it will probably have been completely blurred, leveled, o recently only some of its relics have survived. '* It should be noted that in the area of the investigated Lithuanian schnets we did not find local inhabitants who speak Latvian (lat. Snakes of the Highlands (according to the division of Latvian dialects, these places belong to the Latvian Highland dialect). Iš no one of the old local inhabitants remembers their ir iš great-grandparents have not heard that Latvian Highland dialect was ever spoken here. Before the war, the official language of the people of this region was literary Latvian. Ja was taught in schools, so all the locals (and non-white) only ją (o ne Latvian schnektu) well learned and, if necessary, use. The fact that there are no local Latvian dialect speakers iš here can be seen from the work of iš Latvian dialectologists. For example, by mapping the phonetic, grammatical and lexical features of Latvian ir dialects, Laukesos (point No. 456), Demenės (p. No. 460), Breadcrumbs (p. 457) ir data of adjacent points in the maps are usually only empty spots (see section 4.4). Py azure M. K. Jlarsiuckas Jtnanekroj1orhsi (Ponernka H Mopdojnorus). Asroped. auc. Ha COHCKAHME yuenoji creneHn JoKTOpa OH10.10rHueckHux Hayk. Pura, 1969. Kaprsr Ne 4,6—9, 13—16, 23, 26, 32, 33; Jlaymane B. 3, Jlekcnueckuii MatepHas AHAJIEKTOJOTHYECKOTO AaT. Jaca JaThICKOro A3BIKA, OTpaXKAIONULHIL JaTBILLCKO-PY CCKO-0e/10PY CCKO-TI0/IbCKHE Local action. — B Ki. : LOHTAKTBI JaThiICKOrO H13bIKA, Pura, 1977. Kapta Ne 1, 8, 10, 11, 16. 226 latviaūm; "Today', gelaZinia. ; axes, hatchets, fours; mirsiau, nuskifidusiu, unksti.vosias "early', pirmasiai "first'; I'll come back; grįžiam ‘greZiam’, žiu.rėk, nuvažiūosim || There are cases where the compounds bj, pj are pronounced whole at the end of the word, e.g., kvėpja "kvepi', šlapia "Slapia', griehja "griebia", grėbja 'grébia'. Recently in Snekta there is a tendency to harden the kamiengalio v before iSkritusj j, as in some Lithuanian border and adjacent Latvian dialects'*, e.g., préte.vai "protéviai', le.tuvij "lietuvių', su le.tuvū "su lietuviu'. Forms with a hard stem y are more pronounced in the lips of young people or people who have forgotten somewhat of the Lithuanian language, and the old people of the schnekt usually do not speak so. It is noticeable that the vowel a and the diphthong ai after j or softened consonants do not turn into e(ei) in the prepositional speech, e.g., sėjai, grėbja, grįžam ||. 3. Prefix / pronunciation In Snæfellsnes, / before e, e, é and ei is usually hardened. The vowel ė (it is only pronounced) in all positions of the word after the hardened /emerges from the middle of the tongue &, e.g.: plėšia, pléniu., guléte., vabuoléliai “vabaléliai’, paslėgia, tilék “tylék’, glėbi., mi.lėja., žmona, ža.lėj, pu.sIés, Za.lém || In cases where the accent is removed from the pronounced /£ to the first syllable of the word due to the influence of Latvian lk, the remaining unaccented /č does not turn into la and is not shortened, e.g., gailécia "I would regret', This shows that the Latvian accent raising to the beginning of the word is a completely new phenomenon of schnect. In &-accented schnets, ė turns into ė after /and another consonant, e.g., papuvė, gelbėk, kalbék. Each schnekta e (and in diphthong ei) after the hardened / turns into a, e.g., ldsa, vaflas “varles’, pu.slūla.s "pūslelės', ku.lalis “kulelis’; I'm proud of you, paldide. ‘laido’; kelai “kol’, atlaidit® forgive, let go’; late. ‘avis’, kipėla. "giant", kiela. “kielė’, pirmade.- la., wafla.s, kakéla.s “speneliai’, skiedéla- .s “skiedrelés’, vadéla.s “vadzios- ’, sipo.kla.s “supuoklés’, kifme.la.- s, vaisla.s "veislės- ", agla.m, ka.jéla.m, bréla.nas “brolénas’. Noted cases where /before e, é is not eaten, e.g. : You're like "mushrooms, such mushrooms', maple?! *, gėle.s “gélés’, klepsėt, plepėjimas “puskéjimas’ (: kėše.s plepėjimas), Plečkėnas (surname). Unhardened /and before the root sound diphthong en, em in the words lefida, lenkam, lenkais, leūiktas, from lefigva., suglemba, plefitas and before in < en in the words linta ‘board’, lintėla.s, Linkijoj, nesiliūkia, liūk "lenk, gink, saugok', lingviaū“- *. Before e and other consonants / sometimes hard, e.g., kulndliai "kulneliai- ', 14 Pig, Lietuvos kalbos dialektai (Chrestomatija). V., 1970, p. 27; Ancitis K. Aknistes izloksne. Riga, 1977, p. 123. 15 E.g., and of all other eastern Highland dialects, firming /prieš e, form klėvas, probably derived from klivas (see Būga K. Rinktiniai raštai, t. 3, p. 90; Zinkevičius Z. Lietuvių dialektologija, p. 160), as well as Latin kĮavs'maple'. 16 In the Belarusian dialect of Skrūdaliena, as mentioned above, the real names of Lithuanian origin we have written — the surname JlumkyH and the place name Jismronimki, are undoubtedly Slavic processings of the Lithuanian dialectal forms Linkiinas (< Lenkiinas), Lintdpiskiai (< Lentopiškiai). The fact that Lithuanian words and names tend to harden the root / when they are praised can be seen from other Lithuanianisms used in Belarusian conversation. This is the celebration. The stream and the town near it, which is already in the Pastovių district of the Belarusian SSR, are called Lidtupis (Ik Ledtupis) by the people of Švenčionys in Lithuanian, i.e. with a soft /. And it's right at Lentupis. Belarusian and official documents (maps, dictionaries of place names and 227 Mountain rabbit "hill", but the voice is cool.s || Hardened is / before the ir end of the word -i< *-en, *_3n. Po this here I always pronounced middle-order vowel e.g. 54, kni.gelėr, kiaulėi; ends: "bad"; grass. "Grass," Winchester. ; prisalet.s "away", nejišbúlot.s, zapúoloi. "attacked," I'm sorry. || Softness of the word / stem vs. snippets in < en ir healthy en (for his cases see p.233) ir jo hardness in that phrase before the end of the word -i(< *-én, *-&n) indicates that the / hardening ir en> in course was different in both cases. In the word stem, the first diphthong of the en diphthong here, as in many other eastern Altays nearby dialects, ir narrowed quite quickly due to the assimilated consonant influence of the second diphthong." m, As a result, this narrowing, it boil in before the beginning en of hardening. / į When the / curing time has come, before šį in (< en) there were no conditions for it to harden, and it remained soft in this conversation. At the end of the word, the development of *-len is fundamentally different. In any case, the reduction of the extremities (especially the acute ones) and the demise of the old folk-syllabic diphthongs must have already begun. Therefore, the first vowel of the terminal diphthong en (vowel e), which is much less affected by the assimilation of the second vowel (vowel 7) weakened by the reduction of the terminals, narrowed much slower than in the trunk. With such a narrowed, but not yet into i converted first sandu (vowel e), the diphthong en will have met /hardening!- ?. In this way, such a diphthong still had the conditions to allow the /hardéti/ in front of it. The en itself, affected by this hardening, evolved into en, whose e, under the weaker influence of the increasingly decreasing n, gradually narrowed further, evolving not into the upper i, but into the middle-order vowel sz. On the other hand, the ending -/5t could perhaps be the result of the analogy of other forms of the same words: according to Za.lé, sdula. ir Green, sunny. || The 1999-2000 season of the A-League was the 33rd season of the A-League. (< */ė, Ik lė) in the speech is probably analogously affected by vns. In the 1st and 2nd centuries he translated them into -lau, -lai, e.g., acikėlau "I arose", papuolau "I fell", papiiolai "I fell". On the other hand, it could also be Latvian lk past tense é-kam. influence of verb morphology, cf. lat. veda "married", vedu "wedZiau', vedi "wedzei', also cf. the form of our investigated schnekta pėrvedau (< *pervedjau) "translated" (due to semantics cf. rus. nepeBOAHTH "translate- '), which probably arose from lat. Morphology. Foreign words /before e, ė in conversation are not used, e.g., davlėnija “pressing’, kaIėda.s "Christmas', kazlėnas "such a fungus', klebonas, klėvas (cf. br. xaey) "gate', pakalėnija "card', palėkas ‘pole’, plėmai "stains", skle.njcia.s "glass", sklėpas rašai and so on.) the stream is called JIstarynka, JIgmTyn, the town —Jlčiuryni, i. e. with hard /. Thus, /hardness in this case, as in Jlsiuky, Jlsmroniumi, is undoubtedly a result of the glorification of the Lithuanian word. That only because of praise the Lithuanian word / can be pronounced harshly before every in, is well shown by the cases we have recorded of the Lazūnų Lithuanian šnektas, e.g., išlėis'c'" "to escape", išlšizdzinėj "to escape", išlotūdo "to escape". The facts of the Lithuanian language itself cannot explain such hardenment of these Words in any way. This is, of course, only the result of Belarusian abstraction. 17 See Kazlauskas J. Possibilities and limits of determining the relative chronology of changes in Baltic languages. "Baltistica." I priedas, 1972, p. 84; Zinkevičius Z. On the narrowing of the first point of the Lithuanian -an syllable compounds. —Ibid., p. 227—228; Grinaveckis V. On the *-dn equivalents of lit. *-4 kam. the origin of nouns and pronouns endings. —LKK, 1978, vol. 18, p. 127, 135. 18 Plg, Morkūnas K. Phonetics of the Eastern Highland Southern dialect. —LKK, 1960, vol. 3, p. 43. 228 “basement', tupele.s (cf. lat. tupeles) "shoes', vaspalenia "inflammation'. This means that these foreign words have been used in conversation relatively recently. He also wrote and performed on: "Sounds of Silence". j "Suvalkija", alder, look??. Unlike lk /, in some cases unhardened occurs in the snot: a) Number of prepositional forms (with and without the formant K) b) In the final part of the word in separate service words, e.g. atgal’, dėl’ (cf. lat. dėl), gdl’ (and may), kade.l’ (cf. lat. kade]) “kodél’, tegul’, vél’; c) In individual words before another hard consonant or group of them, e.g., Zal'sva.s “žalsvos', Kal'kūnai “Kalkūnai' | Kalku.ne. ‘Kalkiiné’; d) In foreign words, e.g., bdl’ka “see”, bū.l'ba.s “potatoes”, butel’kds “in bottles”, kastrū.l'ka.n “in a cup”, kul’kds “bullet”, va.si.l'ka.s “rugiagélés”. In the latter case, the soft /in the snot will have come along with the borrower himself. In the pronunciation of younger people in Schneck there is a tendency to harden the r, s, š, v, Zir afrikat c, ¢ before i, ie, e, ia in individual cases, although in many other words the same consonants are pronounced softly in the same position. We have noticed the following words with strongly pronounced consonants: cérui “carui’, dukré “dukté’, duiikča. "stogo", grabėstai (grebéstai, sn.), inžomiėrus "inžinierius", kėšor. "košę", Iėpšai "lepšės', mašti.nka- .s "mašinėlės", Papušė "place name near Kalkūnai', paséta, pasisés, pre (greta pri) "prie", rožė 'roze', réze., sėkla, sūserbis (séseris, sn.) "sisers", sėja, vaisla.s "veislės", varvit' "varyti', žoina., Sauré "Šiaurė", Soifero. "Slate", but atdveže., ūžeru., jiše.jaū "I went out", maišelis, na.rėcia, nūmuše., reikia, rūdame.se- .s, senūtve., šeimyna, šeši, šešias, šve.sėsne., unsispyre. 'insistent', coming in. 'goin', goin', goin'. 'village', land. and others. This hardening of consonants is in most cases probably a new phonetic phenomenon, which is only beginning to take hold in the conversation, caused, of course, by the phonetic influence of the neighboring contact speakers — Latvian, Belarusian, rusy®*®. However, in the words krakenai "krekenos', skrūgžde.s "svalgės', ménasi. “"month', priragėjau "took care of myself', rdgis "looks", sūnus, dangūs “grandparents’, sūnus "grandfather', sanpste. "senatvė', susani "pasensta' consonants, as in the adjacent Lithuanian dialects in Lithuania, are apparently hardened by all the representatives of the šnekta. In the Suspicion of Older People, there is also noticeable and not quite "continuous soft pronunciation of some consonants at the end of the word: 1) The consonant of the secondary ending is usually soft, e.g., ain' "go", jim' (next to pajim) "take", nėš' "bring", pame.gėn' "help me"; mdn’, kasdičn’, pa.piét’; * According to Prof. Dr. M. Rudzytés of the P. Stučka State University of Latvia, in the Latvian language, and especially in their Altay dialect, in this case the folk-language /is pronounced much harder than in other positions. * In analogous position these consonants are pronounced strongly in all contacting Slavic and Latvian highland dialects. 229 2) In the language of older people, f is soft in the ending of present tense nouns, e.g.: sakunt’, Zinunt’ (next to gi.vénunt, dabojunt, nj., dz.); 3) Snektai in new words sometimes softly pronounced and root ž, e.g., Zeizdu. "wound', offends "plays". At the beginning of a word, before i, ie, j is almost always added, e.g., jifgi “irgi’, jiskuta, jilsta, jimtū, ji.lgas, jišimi, jiena, jieska. Yeah. "sought", but in place names such addition is not (: Lengtis “lake name’). Probably by analogy, j is also added to the ending of the prepositioned old native namé: namėj, cf. ailioj "in a row". It has also been observed that j is added at the beginning of some words of the adjacent Belarusian schnekts before i, e.g., iiHABIKaM (< iH/lbiKaM) “turkeys’. It is also commonly inserted between two vowel syllables at the junction, e.g. pasiji.lga. “missed’, pasijims, pdjilsis "poilsis', aZuje.me. “uzémé’, nujimt’, neprisijima, nejišgyda- .ma, nejiseisi "neišsiversi'. Between u and e, a v is inserted, e.g. nuvéja.m "we went", suveinam "we go". At the beginning of a word, s is added, e.g. skragZde- .s “kregidés- ’, stvére.s “tvérési’. Some foreign words that begin with a are pronounced three ways: with the suffix g, h or without it, e.g. arbétu. (sn., j.) [garbotu. | harbétu. (nj., rt.), armosku. | garmosku. | harmony. ‘acordeon’. The bit card time unit. In the I a. form, the verb root and suffix -éj tends to fall out in the speech, although the full forms are less common, e.g., nedidu "I didn't come", pradidu "I started", padidu "I helped", negaldu "I couldn't", nena.rdu "I didn't want", neragidu "I didn't see", ravidu | ravéjau, ma.kidu | ma.kéjau, mi.ldu | mi.ltjau, praguldu | pragulėjau || The forms mi.ldu, guldu, etc. show that the fall out of -éj is relatively recent, after the hardening of the compound lė in this speech, similarly as in some other dialects of the Lithuanian language*?!. Other forms of the person of this time are the same as Ik, e.g. ma.kėjai, ma.kėja., ma.kėja.m, ma.kėja.t || Male nouns vns. local forms usually fall j with the whole stem, su e.g. Daūgavpili. “Daugpilyje’, undeny "vandenyje", pavakary | The muffled consonant at the junction of morphemes before the squeezing one, as elsewhere in Lithuanian ir dialects, always squeezes due to regressive assimilation (e.g. thirty), the suffocating against the suffocating — (e.g., di.rpk). Fats š, ž in front of s, š, in conversation disappears (e.g., asikrecia < ažsikrecia "asikrecia', isivede. < I'm out. I'm grown. "called"). 6. Various consonant variation ns Prefix before b, p always cooked m, e.g., um burékais, um pūse.s, um pičtu., um pecii || # Plg, Grinaveckienė E. Some The most common features of the apse dialect. — Lietuvos TSR Mokslų The Academy. A batch, 2(9), 1960, p. 177. 230 Probably due to the influence of Latvian, the consonant § in some words is sometimes s, distorted, e.g. svarū "clean', weighted "Weightis ed', where "from where’, latviešu valodā “latviski’, | le.tūviski le.tūviski, | ienāk ienāk, as | aš || The 4th syllable is rare in the colloquial language and is usually found in youth language, cf. harmosku. the case. Instead, it is more jo commonly used, g, for example, gichtaru. "Hektar", o sometimes A dropped altogether, e.g., araūs vok. (< heraus) ‘lauk’. Sometimes, in foreign words, a consonant is pronounced instead of the beginning of the word, e.g. j, r lubiléiny /, (< 106inéiinbl, regressive assimilation of consonants) “jubilee’, (< ladu.ga panyra) "rainbow." III. VOICES AND DIVISIONS 1. Short vowels a) The old short a, e in the root of the word are usually long, e.g. namas, nėša. Unlike snitches Ik are a, e semi-oblong (our ears, they differ little from the long ones) in the prepositions of verbs, in the communicative forms of bi-syllabic verbs and in the time forms made by it, in iš pronouns in the forms of my, your, yours, higher-grade adjectives, e.g., kdste., kėzdamas, nėšte., istépt’, nėneša, atinese., mūna., tūva., sdva., gardésnis, vi.rėsni.sai || It happens that in verbs pronounced a, e sometimes pronounced shortly, e.g. nėšaukia, nėmi.li, suprask, nupėšk. In Latvian pronouns, in some individual words due to se the influence of ir Latvian and Slavic borrowings, the a, e may be pronounced shortly, e.g., Kaplava, Kréveni, Médinas (place names), balunde.s "ballons"; zapalenii. It has also been observed that the pronounced open syllable is pronounced e somewhat broadened, with a slight shade, e.g., kėpe.m, lintėla.s, the older su Schneck a representatives pronounce the o pronounced e before a syllable with w or contracted a somewhat narrowed, pronounced with a slight shade ie, e.g., mičtu. "years" includes. < aphea. ‘appendix’. I have heard that instead of the accent the diphthong ei is pronounced, e.g. ske.déila.s skiedėlės) "chips". The initial e and ei of a word always turn into a, ai, e.g. dsu. 'esq', dst e "be", aina "go", ailiėj (< ‘eiléje’. b) The old pronounced i, u of the word root are usually extended to semivocals, e.g. nimire. (rt. ir miomire., plg. lat. nomira), būvus, ūšlipe.m “uZlipome’, iškepe., apinešta, išlupe., ažūterše., ažūgine. "'protected'". In some rare cases, the pronounced i,u of the word stem (probably due to Latvian influence) are not prolonged, e.g., nesigirdi, tūpele.s “bateliai’, nūguru. (plg. lat. up) "'back' ir etc. Foreign w words are sometimes pronounced long, e.g. sūtka.s (< cyTku) ‘paros’. c) The foreign-pronounced stem 0 of the word is usually short, e.g., kiaitokas "boiling water", domikas "framed hive", burdovas "dark red", Zivatnavodstva "animals" (e. g. : karvyte., avéla. — ir visa mdna. Zivatnavodstva), tvoragas "varškė', bacionai "gandrai', although in older borrowings it is pronounced long (Sampijonai). It is a short-lived, non-competitive, non-profit, non-profit organization. || 231 yours a, e, 'strong', i.e. ‘ipinas’, nūmeta, le.tūviskai; lost, box., better, mine. || ** V. CONCLUSIONS 1. Latvian TSR Daugavpils district Lithuanian spoken with its phonetics (and other) characteristics is closely related to the whole su area of Lithuanian dialects is a continuation. ir jo 2. It belongs to the Eastern Dzūkian group, but has some characteriir stics of the Vardanian group. 3. Sutapdama su The dialect of the eastern ji Dzūkians ir of Lithuania has a number of phonetic characteristics that are unique to it (inconsistent accentuation according to both characteristics, inconsistent hardenment of some consonants, diphthongs in wo certain cases turning into cross-prono2, unced expressions, depressing part of the cross-pronounced part of the short ending into iš the long opposite į syllable, Latvian accentuation expressions, etc. ). ir Ji also has characteristics that do not identify ją su K. Boogs 1911 m. investigated Ciskodo Lithuanian spoken (Latvian TSR Rezeknes raj.), our ir presented facts of the investigated snitch somewhat clarify K. The comparative data of the boundary. 4. In the mouth feels relatively strong ir Lithuanian Latvian Ik ir ją surrounding Slavic languages (Belarusian, Polish, Russian) dialects. 5. Snakes are clearly endangered. 6. In the future, the whole system of schnekta should be studied in more detail, because the data published here ir are, in our opinion, relevant and important for the historical present Lithuanian dialectology, phonetics, lexicography, ir and contacts between ir Lithuanian and Latvian Baltic Slavic languages. ir be 3. TPUHABELLKEHE GOHETHKA JIKHTOBCKOTO rOBOPA OKPECTHOCTEH JIAVTABIUJICA (JlarsCCP) Pe310Me HsojinpoBannbkili JHTOBCKHI roBop JIieBoOepexss51 p. JlayraBsi ([layrasnuicckuit p-H JlarsCCP) B nnajekTrojiornuech scaneguunn 1977 r. HecJIe/10BaJiCA HAMH, MOXKHO CKasaTh, BrIepBbIe. OJHAKO HEKOTOpOe cpaBHeHHe ero JĮKHAJIEKTHbIX JIaHHBIX NPHBOAMJIOCH H JHTOBCKHM sidbikoBesiom K. Byroii, koropeii B 1911 r. Ha TeppHTOpHH JlarBHH OGc/1e/10BAJI H3OJIHpOBAHHbIK JHTOBCKHIT TOBOP OKPECTHOcreii Iluckojia (Hbime Pesekneckuit p-H). Ha ocroBe HOBehiuMX AMAJEKTHBIX AAHHBIX B CTATbe YCTAHOBJIEHO, YTO cBOef ddoHerTHuecKOH CHCTEeMOH HCC/IelyeMblil TOBOP TeCHO CBfI3aH C apeasioM JIHTOBCKHX nnanektoB JIutoBekoii CCP un sBasiercsi ero mpojo/ukenneM. [oop npuHajeKUT JMaJeKTy TaK HasblBaeMblX BOCTOYHBIX JI3YKOB-JKaJHHHHKOB, HO Hapsily C 3THM B HEM OTMEVAIOTCA H HEeKOTOpble OCOGEHHOCTH, XapaKTepHble AJ TaK HasblBaeMOro KaJHHHHKCKOTO ToBopa. 25 The author would like to thank Prof. Dr. M. Rudzyte of the P. Stučka State University of Latvia for her kindly acceptance to read this article and for her valuable comments. 238 I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry. K umcJy TAKHX OTHOCHM: (a) He COBCeM 3aKOHOMepHoe,,JA3yKaHbe'' —NpoH3HOLIeHHe addpukar c, dz nepejį HCKOHHO TMepejįHHMH TJIACHbIMH, H TIepejį TIJIAaCHBIMH, [pPOABHHYTHIMH Briepe; O) He COBCeM 3aKOHOMEPHOE OTBEpJIeHHE HEKOTOPBIX COTIJIACHBIX; B) npespauleHHe AMQTOHIa wo B ONpejleJIeHHbIX CJIy4asIX B MOHO(TOHT 2; T) cJeJbl yceueHHOH HHTOHALHH; JĮ) YACTHYHYIO OTTSKKY CHJIbl yJapeHHsi C KpaTKoro OKOHUAHHSA Ha JIOJITHII NpeAnoc/- eJ HHH CJIOT; (e) 2JIeMeHTbi YAapeHHs JIATbILICKOTO sI3blKa; JK) Olpeje/ieHHble OTJAHYHA ero (GOHETHKH OT (DOHETHKH JIHTOBCKOTO roBopa Lluckoza. Ha KoHKpeTHbIX npuMepax aBTOPOM CTATbH TaKXKe YCTaHOBJIEHO, YTO B FOBOpe NPOSABJIAETCA CHJIbHOE B3aHMOJIEHCTBHE S3BIKOBBIX CHCTeM KaK JIHTOBCKOIO H JIATHILICKOTO JINTEPATYPHLIX SI3bIKOB, TaK H OKPYZKaIOLIUX ero JHaJeKTOB CJIABAHCKHX SI3bIKOB —OeJIODpYCCKOTO, pyCCKOTO, MoJbCKOTO. YCTaHOBJIEHO TaK¥Ke, UTO HCCJIEjĮVEMbikh JHTOBCKHH TOBOP OTHOCHTCS K HCUe3al0LIHM,