1-a recenzija

KALBŲ KONTAKTAI LIETUVOS TSR LIETUVIŲ KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAI XXIII (1983) RECENZIJOS Pyccknii s351K KAK CPeCTBO MexkHAlĮHOHAJIbHOTO OOmenus | OTs. pent. O. IT, On- nam. — M.: Hayka, 1977. — 301 c.; Pycckmii a3biK B HAUHOHATLHLIX peciryčOjiu- Kax Coserckoro Coro03a / Ors. pea. B. B. Usanos. — M.: Hayxa, 1980. — 260 c. B mocnexsue roasl Bce Goble BHHMAHHE VJIEJISETCA BONpocaM QyHKUHOHHPO- BAHHS H W3yYeHHS PYCCKOro s3bika B HAIHOHAJIbHBEIX pecnybmkax CCCP. O6 stom SPKO CBHIICTENbCTBYET H BCECOKO3HASN HAyYHO-TeOpeTHYecKas KoHpepewumus „Pyc- CKHil S3BIK — S3BIK JIDYXObI H coTpyanudectsa HapojioB CCCP“ (Tamxenr, 1979), opraHH30BaHHas Axagemueit nayk CCCP, Munucrepcrsom mpocseuienus CCCP, Hucturyrom pycckoro g35ixa AH CCCP. 3ameTHO aKTHBH3HPOBAJIACh H Hay4HO- HCCJIEeJ[JOBATEJIbCKAS paboTa Mo H3y4YeHHIO pycckoro s3bika. Tak, TOJibKO B 70-x rojax B Hamel CTpaHe 6su10 mposeseHo 10 Bcecoro3HBIX KOHĖjepeHnnit, nimano 6o- nee 20 KOJLUIGKTHBHBIX COOPHHKOB H MOHOrpaduif, MOCBAIICHHLIX BONPOCAM H3Y- YeHHS PYCCKOTO S3bika Kak CpejicTBa MeXHauuoHansHoro obmenus. TIpoOjieMbI pyccKoro S3bLIKA PEIIaloTCs B BY3aX H HAYy4HO-HCCJIeJ[OBATEJIbCKHX HMHCTHTYTaX. C 1ensio COBEDPINEHCTBOBAHHA KHCCJIE/[OBATEJIbCKOH paboTel B OOJIaCTH OYyKHKUKO- HHpOBAHHSA pycckoro s3bIKA B HucrTHrTyTe pycckoro s35iKa AH CCCP co3/taH cek- TOP H3y4YeHHS PYCCKOTO S3bIKA KaK Cpe/ICTBA MEXHAIKHOHAJILHOTO OOIN<EHHA B HAlHO- HAJIbHbIX pecnyOmukax CCCP. Cerxrop KroopjiuuupyeT paboTy akaIeMHYeCKHX HHCTHTYTOB TIO JaHHOMY BOIPOCY, OPTraHH3yeT BCECOIO3HbIC HAYYHLIC COBCIIAHHN H KOHOĖEPpEHIHH, TOTOBAT YYCHBIX-CIEIHAHCTOB [UI HAIMOHAIBLHBIX BY30B, Y4acT- BYeT B CO3/ĮAaHHH Y4eOHHKOB JUIN HALMOHAJBHBIX IIKOJ H BY30B. Bonbmoi HHTepec HayuHOH OGILECTBEHHOCTH BbI3BAaJIH padorsl „PycckHit s3bik KaK Cpe/ICTBO MexHalHOHAaJIbHOTO obmenus™ (1977) u ,,Pycckuif 53bIK B HAlLHOHAJIb- HBIX pecrryOjiuKax Coserckoro Co:o3a“ (1980), moAroToB/ieHHBIE HAIBAHHBIM CEK- TopoM coBmecTHO ¢ MucTHTYTOM si3biko3nanns AH CCCP, Hayuso-uccneaosareiib- CKHM HHCTHTYTOM IpENoJaBaHus DpyCCKOTO S3bIKA B HaumoHaubHo#i mxone ATIH CCCP (npn ysacTHH JIMHIBHCTHYECKHX HHCTHTYTOB aKajJeMuil Hayk H BY30B COKO3- HBIX pecIryOJIHK). B 3THX paboTax oCBEmIAOTCH MHOIHE IIpOOJIEMbI pyCCKOTO A3bl- Ka — JIHHTBHCTHYECKHE, NEAarornyeckKue, COUMOIOrHYecKHe H Jp., yKa3biBaeTcs HA HeOOXOJIHMOCTb OnpeleHTh OOLIeCTBeH be (DYHKIMA PYCCKOTO H HALMOHAJIBHBIX A3BIKOB, H3Y4HTb COLMANbHO-OOLIeCTBeHHBIE Ccdepsl MX (QyHKUMOHHPOBAHMS, OTMEYAlOTCA OTPOMHBIC MEepeMeHbl B (YHKIMOHMPOBAHHH PYCCKOro S3bIKA: BO BCEX pecITyOJIHKAX paCiIHpHJIHCb chepsl ero VYriOTpeOJIEHHS K MpHMEHEHHS. 3HaYMTENbHYIO pOJIb B PACHPOCTPAHEHHH PYCCKOro A3bika B pecIryOjmuMKax Co- 103a HrpaeT obuieobpasoBaTenbHas CEH WIKOJA, KOTOPAS ABASCTCH OJIHHM H3 200 CAMEIX BaxXHbIX KAHAJIOB pacIipocTpaHeHHA pycckoro s3bIKa. HecMoTps Ha OOJILINHė JIOCTHXEHHA COBETCKON INIKOJILI, ABTODpBI cTaTeit (JĮ. C. Manrypuuranjm, O. II. Og- Jan, A. B. GOujnarnios, 5. X. Xacanos, H. M. Illanckuit u ap.) oTMe4a10T, 4TO obmee COCTOSHHE HM3YYCHHMS pyCCKOTO S53bIKA B HALMOHANBHBIX IIIKOJIAX BCE elle HC Y/[OB- JieTBopsieT rIOTpeOHOCTENH COBpeMeHHOH XH3HH, TAK KaK 3HAYHTC/bHAA YACTb Bbl- ITyCKHHKOB IIIKOJI (ocobenno CeJIbCKHX) cnabo BjIaJjieeT pyCCKHM S3bIKOM. IIpH4HHbI HEJIOCTATOYHOrO 3HAHHA PYCCKOro S35IKA ABTODbI BHAAT B OTCYTCTBHH WJIH He- XBATKE BBICOKOKAYECTBEHHBIX Y4CeOHHKOB H y4eOHBIX IOCOOHI, A TaKKe TEXHHYCCKHX CpeJICTB ODYy4EHHSA, B HEXBATKE KBAJIHĖKHUKHpOBAHHbIX KAJAPOB, A TAKXC HEBhICOKOM KauecTBe NperiojiaBanHusi. Beh HepejikH elle CJIrygJaH, KOT/IAa CAMH TIe/ifaroTH-CJIOBEC- HHKH HeJIOCTATO4KHO 3HAIOT pycckuif s35IK. Ilo>TOMY TMIepejį COBeTCKOH pPYCHCTH- KOH CTOHT 3ajava YyJIyYgINeHHA NpPenojl@BaHus DpyCCKOTO A3bIKa B HAIHOHAJIbHbIX MKOJAX H By3ax, YJYYIUCHHSA NOATOTOBKH BbICOKOKBAJIHOKHIKMpOBAHHELIX KA/IDOB, Mpemnaraercs OO/tyMaTb, MPABHIILHO JIH BEJETCSH MPHEM CTYACHTOB Ha QakyabTeTsl pycckoro s3bika H JiuTepaTypbI. IlpoOjieMaM TMOJITOTOBKH y4HTeseH-pYyCHCTOB mMOCBALICH pa31leji MoHorpadum ,Pycckmit s35IK B HalHOHANBHBIX pecIryOJIHKAX Coserckoro Co:o3a“ (crarLu B. B. YUejas, H. M. Illanckoro x A. B. ®mannmosa). A. A. Merca yTBepKIaeT, YTO yuHTeJISM-pycHCTAM HAuHOHAJIbHOM TIKOJILI NpeXbABAAIOTCH OCOObIe TpeOOBAHHA: OHM JIOJIXHBI OBITH BCECTOpOHHE JIHHTBHCTH- 4ecKH 0Opa3oBaHHBIMM, 3HATb CITetuHĖOHKY OOOHX S35IKOB (pojmoro H PYCCKOro), Okbirb OHJIHHTBAMH AKTHBHOTO THIITa, OOjIa/(aTb OHJIHHTBHCTHYECKHM CO3HAHHeM, T. €. 3HATb BCE YYACTKH CXOJICTBa H pal IHYHWA B CHCTEMAX JIAHHbIX S3bIKOB, pH ananuse Joboro peueBOro ciy4as OBICTPO H HETKO CXBATHIBATH ITH CXOA- CTBA H paMIH4MsA, NOHHMATb NPHYHHH HHTepdEepeHUHH, ee XapakTep, pasMephbl H creeds OTpHHnATeJILHOCTH (anckuit H. M., ®uaunmos A. B. Akryajibūubie npob- JIEMbI TOATOTOBKH YYHTeJIeH pyCCKOTO s3bIKa H JMTEpPaTyphl UIA HAUHOHAIBHOM mkoabl. — B ku.: Pycckuit A35IK B HALKHOHAJILHbIX pecnybnukax Coserckoro Co- 03a. M., 1977, c. 122). ABTOpBI NPE/UIAralOT BBECTH HOBBIC HJIH YCOBEPUICHCTBOBATH CTapbie KYpCbI B BY30BCKHX nporpammax. Ocoboe BHHMaHHe XO/KHO OOpalaThCs Ha COMOCTaBH- TeNbHLIE IPAMMATHKH PYCCKOrO H HAIHOHAJIbHLIX $3bIKOB. Ha ymomsmyTO# Tam- kxenTckoit konpepenuun K. Mycreitkuc OTMETHJI, TO „JIEJIO yAYHIICHHS Npenoja- BaHHA PYCCKOro S3bIKA B HALKHOHAJILHON Kose Tpebyer TaKxe raybokoro H BCE- CTOpOHHETO OMMHCAHHA pyCCKOTO S3bIKA C TOYKH 3PEHHS pa3HbIX S3bIKOB. Taroe OomuCcaHHe JIOJDKHO CIrocOGcTBOBATb Gonee rIoJIKOMY H Gonee raybokoMy aHaJIH3Y CTPYKTYPHBIX OCOGEHHOCTEH pyCCKOTO S3b5IKA, BbISBJICČHHIO ETO Ccrieldukn, a O/THO“ BpeMeHHO YCTAHOBJICHHIO TpyjiHOCTeH B ero ycBoeHun“ (Mycreitkuc K. B. Opnen- Tams Ha nepcrekTHBy. — B kH.: Pycckuit 53bIK — S35IK JIpyxXObI H COTpY/[HH4E- crea Hapojjos CCCP. M., 1981, c. 219). „KpomMe Toro, neobxoauma paspaborka BbICOKOKAYECCTBEHHLIX Y4eOHBIX IUIAHOB M NporpaMM (C V4ueTOM CONeuLHOHKH Kax- JIOT0 HauHOHAaJIbHOTO S3bIKA M YCHOBHH XMH3HH B pecrryOjiuKaxX H obnacrsx) mo pyccKOoMY SBbIKY JUIS By30B (Puan GO. II. AkryasibHbie NpoOOJIEMEI NMOArOTOBKH yuurejielt pyccKOro s3bIKA H JIMTEPATYPhl [UIA HaLKHOHAJILHOI LIKOJIbI. — B xu.: Pyc- CKHIf A3bIK B HAUMOHAJIbHELIX pecnybnukax Coserckoro Coro3a. M., 1977, c. 12). Tax xax B CCCP pacnpocrpaHeHHbIMH SIBJICHHAMH CTAHOBALCS JBYsŲ4bIuKė H MHOIMOS3bIuKe, B MoHOrpadusx OcOGeBHO MHOIO BHHMAHMS YJIeJISeTCS QUIHHI- Bu3My. ABTOPBI OTMEYAIOT, 4TO B HaCTOSINCC BpeMs ĮBYSI3bISHEM OXBA TI BCE mapomst CCCP, uro B COUMANBHON XapaKTEpHCTHKe JBYS3LITHSA TIpOH3OLIJIH 60315- mue nepeMenbir ĮĮaerTcs aHaJIH3 CYINHOCTH JBYS3LIMHS B CCCP. BHJIMHIBH3M — SBJICHHE aJIeEKO HE OJIHOpojIHOe, MO3TOMY 3BaCiIiyxHBaeT riy- GOKHX H Pa3HOIIAHOBBIX MCCIEJOBaHMI, KOTOPhIC BO MHOTHX HALHOHAJBHBIX pec myOjmKax ycrmemno BemyTest. [list HalMOHAIBHBIX pecry6jxmax Coserckoro Coosa THITHYHO ,BYS3bI4HE B MIMPOKOM CMBICJIe“, KOTOpOE HPEANOJaracT OTHOCHTEJIb- HOE BJIAJICHHE BTOPHIM S3BIKOM, YMEHHE B TOM HJIH HHOM 06beMe TIOJIb30BATbCS HM B onpezenennsix chepax obmerns (demepues IO. JĮ., Tporsenxo M. O. OcHoBHBIC aCHeKTHI JBYS3LISKSA H MHOTOS3bIuKA,. — B xu.: Tesuchi Hayunojt KOHOEpEHIMH, IO- CBSINEHHOČ IIpOOJIEME JBYSBbISHS H MHOTOs3bIMHSA, M., 1969, c. 6—7). Honus xe GuxmarBu3u (ro yreepxaenuio JI. K. T'payganojt u M. B. CeMenozoit), mpe/tiojia- Tarompii OJmMHAKOBO CBOGOIHOE BIAJICHHE ABYMS A3bIKAMH BINIOTb JIO CIIOCOOHOCTH ĮtyMATb Ha HHX Ge3 IepeBojta € O/muorO Ha JAPYro#, BCTPEYACTCH PEAKO — JIHINb Y HeGojIsLION uacTH HacejieHnug. Ilo3TOMY AaBTODBbI CIpaBejUIHMBO OTMEHAIOT, YTO ABY- SB3bIūKe pacIIpocTpaHeHO B pa3HbIX T pyIIIIaX HAceJeHHS OYCHb HepaBHOMepHO, 4TO pacūpocTpaBeHHe ĮĮBYS3LISKS B H3BeCTHONH Mepe 3aBHCHT OT ITHHYCCKOH Cpe/tbi. Kak OTMEJ3AIOT MHOTHE aBTOPbI MOHOrpadmil, S3LIKOBEIC IMPOLECCHl 3aBHCAT OT CO- IMANLHBIX TapaMeTpoB — BIAJICHHE PYCCKHM $3LIKOM HeOJIMHAKOBO B pa3HkiX COIMATbHBIX, BO3PACTHBIX Tpyririax HacejieHHs. OOrnme KOHTYDBbI ABYS3bIYHA y pa3- HELIX Haponos CCCP HeoMHAKOBHI H CpejIH IIpe/ĮCTaBHTeJIelt TOpOJICKHX MH. CEJIbCKHX XUTeJelf, B POJHON H HHOHALMOHAJBHON 3THHUeCKOMHM Cpejie, CpejiH JMI[ pa3HOTO riojia. B.IO. Muxansuenko (®yukuuonuposanue pycckoro s3brxa B Jlurosckoit CCP H ero B3aUMO/IEHCTBHE C JIATOBCKHM A3BIKOM. — B kH.: Pycckuif S3bIK Kak Cpe/ICTBO MexHaHLHOHAJIbHOTO obwenns. M., 1977, c. 190) ormeuaer, 4TO „B CBA3M C pacnpo- CTPaHEHHEM PYCCKO-HALHOHANBHOIO ABYSA3bIYHA, C IHPOKAM PYHKIHOHHPOBAHHEM PYCCKOTO S3bIKA KaK CPe/ICTBA MeXHalHOHAaJIbHOTO OOIICHHS H NMPOUECCAMH B32aHMO- NeHCTBUS pyCCKOTO H HALMOHAJIBHOIO A3BLIKOB, BEChMA AKTYaJIbHBIMH Ha COBpeMEH- HOM JTarne CTaHOBATCA IIpOOJIEMEI KyabTyphl peun“. 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