Неоднословные глагольные терминологические образования в современных восточнославянских языках

MOKSLO KALBOS KULTŪROS IR TERMINOLOGIJOS PROBLEMOS LIETUVIŲ KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAI, XXIV(1985) BHTAJIHH CTEIMAHOBHY CHJIOPEILL HEOJAHOCJIOBHBIE T'JIATOJIbHBIE TEPMHHOJIOTHYECKHE OBPA30OBAHHUSA B COBPEMEHHBIX BOCTOYHOCJIABAHCKHX SI3bIKAX Hayuxno-TexHHuecKas peBoJIOlHs 06yCJOBHJIA, KAK H3BECTHO, MOSIBJIEHHe MHOTOYHCJIEHHBIX MOHATHH, KOTOpble HAXOAAT COOTBETCTBYIOllee TePMHHHPO- BaHHe B PYCCKOM, GEJOPYCCKOM H YKPaHHCKOM si3biKaX. OCHOBHBIM cpe- CTBOM TEPMHHOOOPA30BaHHS ABJSIOTCH HMEHA CYUICCTBHTEJIbHbIC HJIH COYeTa- HHS, B KOTOPBIX CYIIECTBHTeJNbHbIE BBHICTYNAIOT B KayeCTBe rpaMMaTHYECKOro LeHTpa: dapconsarusayus, npubasoyHas CTOUMOCTb;, Oapcansarisaysia, npvibasa4nas eapracys; odapconsarizayis, dodarkosa eapricts. OnHaxo, Kak nopuepkusaer B. II. Jlannjenko, «<HaGop TepMHHHPYEMBIX NMOHATHI LIIH- pe, ueM CeMaHTHYeCKHe BO3MOXKHOCTH HMEHH CyllecTBHTeabHOro» !. Pa3suBas 3TY MEICJIb, OHA OTMEYAeT, UTO B COBPEMEHHOH CINenLHAJIbHOR JHTepaType JŲIS TeEpMHHOOGO3HaUeHHA HCIOJIb3YIOTCA H JPYrHe CPeACTBa, B UACTHOCTH, rJa- TOJI H rJaroJjibHble COUETAHHA. TepMHHojJiorH4ecKHe TJIaTOJIbHEIe COUETAHHSA, SBJIAIONIHECS KOMMYHHKATHR- HLIMH 3KBHBaJieHTaMH (TepMHH npod). B. M. Hukuresuua) raaronos, MHOTO- UKHCJIEHHbI H pa3HOOGpa3HkI IO XapakTepy NpeACTaBJeHHs JleHOTATOB. B co- cTAaB OJĮHHX COYETAHHH BXOJĮST KOMIOHEHTHI, KaX/blif H3 KOTOPHIX peaJiH3yeT OnpejieJIeHHBIH JEHOTAT, HANp.: HAAONMUTL OuKT, nOKpbieaTb acdanbrTOM, no- Kpbleare naenkod; Hanadkbiųs GikT, nakposayb acidanbrTaM, nakpbieaub NACHKAU; KaknacTų BUHT, nokpu6saTų acidanobTOM, nokKpusaTu nnAisKo!o. Cno- COGHOCTb CO4eTaHHA AAaHHOTO THIA «CBOpauHBATbCH> B TIVIAIMOJIbI He JIHKBH- JAHpyeT COOTBeTCTBYIOLIHX ceM. Tak, ceMa «nokKpbiBATb YeM-HHOYAb IIOBepx- HOCTb 4ero-HHOY/Įb> HMINIHUHTHO IIpHCYTCTBYeT B rJaroJe acg)aabTuposars. Ilpyrue coueraHHsS BKJIIOHAIOT HepaBHONKEHHbIe MO JEHOTATHBHOMY NMPH3HAKY KOMIIOHEHTBI, HANp.: 8eCTu CuHTe3, deaarsv unwveKkyuro, nodsepzare Tpubo- noiumepusayuu; eecyi Cintas, pabiys įn'exybuo, nadeapzayya TpeLEANOAi- Mepbi3ūųoti; eecTu cures, pobutu in’ €kyito, niddasarucs rpubonorimepusa- ųii. B 3THX coueraHHSx TIJIarOJIbHBI KOMIOHEHT He peaju3yer NEePBHYHOMN CeMBI, HO COXpaHser oOlleKaTeropuajJbHoe 3HaueHHe — Helo JeficTBHs. B OnpejieJIeHHOH CTeNeHH JeCEMaHTH3HPOBAHHBIN, JIEJIEKCHKAJIH3HDOBAHHbIN, OH Geper Ha cebst (GYHKUHIO KJIACCH(HIHPYIOUIEro MOKa3aTegasi — cBoeobpas- '*Haunaenxo B. II. JlekcHKo-ceManTHUECKHe H rpaMMaTHUeCKHe OCOGeHHOCTH CJIOB- TepMHHOB.— B KH.: Hccnenosanns no pycckoit TepsMnuHoJIiornH. M., 1971, c. 50. 132 Horo popmanTa. CezdanThueckHh HeHTp COUeTaHHS — AaGCTpaKTHOC HMS CY- IECTBHTEJIbHOE — HAaNOMHHAEeT B KOMMYHHKATHBHOM OTHONIEHHH OCHOBY IpO- M3BOJIHOTO CJIOBA. [lpn aKueHTHPOBAHWH BHHMAHHA Ha COYETAHHAX C JeJEKCHKAJIH3HPOBaH- HBIM KOMIIOHEHTOM (Ha3oBeM HX BepGaHOMHHaHTAaMH) 3aKOHOMEPHO BO3HH- Kaer BONpoc O npoueccax nopoxjaeHHs, o6pasoBanus, a Takxke (GYHKUHOHH- POBAHHH 3THX e/ĮHHHIĮ B COBPeMEHHBIX BOCTOYHOCJABSIHCKHX S3BIKAX. C ToukH 3peHHs TeOpHH JlepHBAIIHH, «e/ĮHHHIbI TOTO HJIH HHOTO YPOBHSA paccMaTpHBAIOTCA He KaK 3ajįaHHbIe CIHCKOM HJIH HeNoCpeACTBEHHO Npejį- cTaBJIeHHble B TEKCTe, a B KayecTBe pe3y/bTaTa MOPOKIAIOLIEro npouecca, o6pasyioulero Gojiee CJIOXKHbIe €IHHHIB H3 Gojiee NMPOCTHIX MO ONpeseseH- HbIM NpaBHJIaM»>?, Yro xe npejacrasiasier co6oii Bep6aHOMHHAHT Kak ejlH- HHIla NPOH3BOJAHANA? BHewHe, 3KCIJIHUHUTHO 3TO CJIOBOCOYETAHHE, BO3HHKAIO- uiee Mo CHHTaKcHueckon Mojenn. OfHaKo IO CBOeH CYTH 3TO «HelleJIbHO- opopMJIEHHOE» CJIOBO, TOYHEe — KOMMYHHKATHBHbI 3KBHBAJEHT CJIOBA, pea- JH3YIOLIHIT OHH AeHoTaT. EcJinh ygecTb oTMeUeHHYIO BbINllNe HYHKUHOHAJILHYIO OJIH30CTb KOMINOHEHTOB BepGAHOMHHAHTA CO CTPYKTYPHBIMH KOMIIOHEHTaMH (bopManTOM H OCHOBO#) NMPOM3BOAHOrO IJaroja, GYJIET JIOTHUHbLIM YTBepK- JI€HHE, UTO B CYIIHOCTH JlepHBAlLHS BepOaHOMHHAHTA He CHHTAKCHYeCKas, a CJI0B006pa30BaTeJibHas. PYHKIHOHAJBHO-CEMaHTHIECKAash KaTeropus rJa- FOJIbHOCTH, B IIEHTPe KOTOPO# — rJ1arojibl, a Ha nepHdepHH — COUCTAHHSA JAQHHOrO H JAPYrHX THIOB, «apeH0Baja» CHHTAKCHYECKHEe MOJIEJIH, MOJYYHB- liHe B Npolecce PasBHTHSA JlepHBALKHOHHOe 3HAYeHHe Ha YPOBHE CJIOBOOGpa- 30BaHHA. Bep6aHOMHHAHTH, B NOAABJSIONIEM CBOeM GOJBIIMHCTBE NPHHALIENKA- IlHe KHHXKHOMY CTHJIIO peuH, IIHPOKO pacIipocTpaHeHbi H NpOJIOJIXAKT akK- THBHO Pa3BHBATHCA B COBPEMEHHBIX BOCTOYHOCJABAHCKHX s3niKax. OcHos- HBIM «IIOCTABUIHKOM» HOBBIX BepGaHOMHHAaHTOB B COBPEMEHHYIO 3MOXY SBJIA- eTcsi HayuHasi H TeXHHYecKas JHTepaTypa, IMOTOMY 4YTO TEePMHHHPOBaHHE npoueccOB, ACHCTBHII, SBJIEHHĖ He BCerjJa BO3MOXHO C NOMOIIbIO IJaroJos. CJ10B006pa30BaTeJibHblū MEXaHH3M, MOMOJHSIOMHKI NEHTP (DYHKIHOHAJIbLHO- CeMAaHTHYECKOH KaTeropHH TIJIaroJIbHOCTH, He MOXKeT Ha Kaabii cayuai «BBIIaTh» rOTOBOE LEJAbHOOGOpMIIeHHOe CJIOBO. EcTecTBenHo, KaTeropus raa- FOJIbHOCTH MOGHJH3YeT JApyrHe s3HIKOBHE CPeACTBA, OPraHH3alHs KOTOPHIX B OnpejeJieHHble eJAHHHIH (Hanp., B Bep6aHOMHHAHTHI) OpHeHTHpyeTCS Ha €IHHHIH LEHTPA: 3AHUMATLCA a3pozesuoTepanuell, noOeepeaTbca Mexaxo- decTpyKyuu, npusoduTs Kk dusepzenyuu; saimayya aspazeaisrapanisd, nao- 8apeayya MexarnadacTpykybli, npbieodO3iųs Oa dvieepeexybli; 3aimarucs ae- pozeaiotepani€io, niddasarucs mexawnodecTpykyii, npusoduru (npuseodu- Tu) do dusepeenyii (cnpuuuniosarty Ousepeenyir). Muorne TepMHHOJIOIHYECKHE Bep6GaHOMHHAHTBbI H3 chepbl HaYYHO-TEXHHYE- CKOro CTHJSI TepeMellaioTcss B JAPYyrue CTHJH, HANp., B MyOJAHIHCTHYECKHIL: *Cuapunuknft T. I. Teopus nepHBaUHH H ee MECTO B CHCTEMe JHHIBHCTHUECKHX Aucunniand.— B kn: Teopernueckne acnextw nepusaumn, [lepmsb, 1982, c. 4. 133 Henojib30BanHne B OjJtKoM ciyyae BepGaHOMHHAHTOB, a B APYroM — rJtaro- JIOB pa3H006pa3HT OnHcankHe, JĮleJiaeT ero Gojiee JIJOXOJIUKHBEIM, Hanp.: «/Tpu- cTa8ku no-, €- u 0- AIT NOAHYIO ACNEKTYAAU3 AY UO (BMECTO TOJ- HOCTBIO acnekrtyaausupyiores.— C. B.) He3asucumo or 3Ha4eHus OCHOBbL 2aazoaa. Jlpyzue npucraeku nOAHOCTbI0 ACNEKTYAAUSUPYIOTC A 8 CO- 4ueranuu C 2Aa20AaMU podcreenHbix CeManTu4eckux octHoe» (ABwu J o- Ba H. C. Bux raarona H cemaHTHKa raarossHoro cjosa.— M., 1976, c. 176); «!Tpowcraijki no-, c- i o- dawys noguyrwo acnekryaaisauy bolo He3arexnHa ad SHAYINHA ACHOBbL 03eacrosa. Inutota npoicraijki noįjkacijio acneKkTyarisyroyya Ū cnahAyuokni 3 Osesachoeami pOOHACHbLY CeMaH- Totunbix achol»; «Ilpegixcu no-, c- io- daw Ts nosuy acnexkryarisa- Ųų i10 He3areHHO 6i0 3HAUEHHR OCHOBu die caosa. Iniui npegikcu nosuictio AcCneKTYaAri3yloT b CAB CNOAYHEHHI 3 die croeamu cnopiOkenux ceman- TUYHUX OCHOB>. Bep6anoMHHaHThIi MOTYT BOCHOJIHATb TJIATOJIbi B OTHOWeHHH Buia. D raro- Jbl tUTYypMOG6ATb, LUTYPMABALD, UTYPMYEATU KecoBepureHHoro BHAA, a Bep6a- HOMHHAHTbI H HECOBEPIIEHHOrO, H COBEPIIEHHOTO, Hanp.: Oparb (63ars) wryp- Mom; Gpaus (y3a4) wrypmam; Gparu (esaru) wrypmom. BocnojinsaioT Bep- GaHOMHHAHTH H OTCYTCTBYIOLLHE rJlaroJibHbIe Gopmsl. Tak, B PYCCKOM si3bIKe OT raarosa naxarb He o6pasyercs JeenpHYacTHe HECOBEPUICHHOrO BHAA. Dry popMy Meer BePOAHOMHHAHT BbINOAHAT (OCYU4ECTEAATS, npoussoours, deaarb) naxory — 6uinoanan (0CYweCTEAAR, npouseods, deaas) naxory. To xe B Gesopycckom sisbike: apays — (?), svikonsays (pačiųs) sopeisa — 8bikonsarousbt (pobaust) sopoiéa. B ykpaunckom geenpnuacTHe HeCOBepIlleH- HOro BHJA OT riarosa oparu obpasyercs — oprowu. OnHako ynorpebasercs OHO pejIKO, OCOGEHHO B CIEIHAJBHOM, TEPMHHOJIOTHYECKOM 3HAUCHHH. 3/[EeCb Gosiee ecrecTBexHO 0Gpa30BaHHe OT BepGaHOMHHaHTA suxonysaru (poOuru) opakKy — 6uKORYyw4u (pobaguu) opanxy: «3assxcdu Odo6pe i Ka eucokKomMy pieni euxoxymo4u OPAKRKY enonepek cxunie, eo0Hu i ųbo020 pa3y 6yau siprumu codi> (Panuonepejaua) -— «Brcezda xopowo u Ha 661COKOM yposue BbLLINOAHAR NAXOTY nonepex CKAOHOB, OHu u HA 3TOT pa3 OCTAAUCH sepubimu ce6e». Hepeako Bep6aHOMHHAHTH TOuUHee TePMHHHPYIOT npoueccel no crnocoby AEHCTBHS, YeM CHHOHHMHYHBEIE rJjaroasl. B OTJIHUKHe oT riaronos decrabu- Ausuposars, dscrabirisasaysb, Oecrabirisyéaru BepGAHOMHHAHTH B8eCTU K Odecrabuausayuu, secyi da dacrabirizaysii, secru do decrabirisayii nepe- AQioT Gosiee NPONOJIKHTENbHOR, HO MeHee HHTEHCHBHOe JefCTBHE C pe3YyJib- TaTHBHBIM OTTEHKOM, Hamp.: «['0AAaHOCKUE KOMMYHUCTOL PEUWUTEAbHO OCY- OQuau azpeccusHolil BHEUHENOAUTUECKU Kypc admunucrpayuu CIIA, xo- 10pbui seeder Kk decrabuaruzayuu mexwdynapoOkoū 06CTAHOBKUS; «larandckin kKamynicror pawyva acydsiai A2PICIYHOL 3HEUHEeNAAITHIUHbL Kypc adminictpayoii UIA, axi esdae da dacrabiaizayoli minkka- podunaii abcranofkis; «loarandcoki Komymicru pituyse 3acyduru azpecus- Kull soBKiminoonoaiTuunui KYpe adminictpayii CIA, axuū sede do de- 135 crabiarizayii mizkapoOxoi obcranosku» (Pansucbrka Yrpaina, 1980, 10 xiona, €. 3). Bojiee HHTEeHCHBHbIM BOCIpHHHMAeTCA JEHCTBHE, BHIPAXKEH- Hoe BepGaHoMHHaHTaMH nodeepzars apecTy, nadesapzayb apbuiuTy, niddasa- Tu apeuiTy, 4eM TJiaroJiaMH apecrosars, apovluirasays (apuluiroyeays), saa- pewrysaru (3aapewrosysaru). T'narojisi 3KCnepuMeHTUpPOBATL, 3KCNepbi- MENTaBalyb, eKcnepuMeHKTYGATU HEHTPaJbHBl K ONMNO3HUHH OJAHOAKTHOCTh— MHOrOaKTHOCTb Cnoco6oB aefcTBHA. Ee TepMHHHPYIOT BepOaHOMHHAHTHL npO- 8o0ure (nposecru) IKCNEPUMEHT — nposoouTs (nposecTu) sKcnepumMeHTbi, npasodsiys (npasecyi) sKcnepbimexT — npagodsiyb (npasecyi) skcnepoi- MeHTbl, nposoduTu (nposectu) excnepumenr — nposodutu (nposecru) exc- nepuMmenTuU. | Ynorpebienne Bep6aHOMHHAHTA BMECTO CHHOHHMHUKHOTMO TMiaroJia MOXET ObITh OGYCJIOBJIEHO Dpa3JIHUHbIMH CTPYKTYPHO-CMBICJOBBIMH OCOGEHHOCTSAMH KOHTeKcTa. 3aMeHe, Hamp., Bep6aHOMHHAHTa 0arb Kaaccuguxayutlo riaaro- JOM Kaaccuguyuposars NPensiTCTBYIOT NpHJIAaraTeJIbHbIe YACTHbLU, CeMaHTU- 4eCKuiė B caepyiouleM KoHTekcre: «Muoeouucaennocte u pasnoobpasuasn ce- MAHTUKQ 22A20208, BCTYNAOWUX 8 BUCOBYIO ONNO3UYUI0 BTOPO20 TUNA, He nosgoaser 0axe nPUOGAUSUTEAbHO OQTb HACTHYIO CEMAHTUYECKYI0 KA a C- cupurayur Tux erazoroe» (ABunosBa H. C. Bux raaroaa u ce- MaHTHKa IJyarojibHoro caosa.— M., 1976, c. 186). š CamMojįocTaTo4u4HbIM, He TpeOyIOUIHM JĮONOJIHEHHA SIBJSETCS YKpaHHCKHŪ BepOaHoMHHAaHT 30ilcHi0BaTu HaKOnNU4UEHHA (OCYLMIeECTBJIATb HAKOIJIEHHE) B OTJIHYHE OT rJiarojJia HaKOnU4yBATŲ (HaKANJIHBATb) B npejJIioxeHHH: «JTluwe Taka npays cnpoMoJEKa CTBOPUTU NPOOYKT, aKkul... dae 3mMo2zy 3d0iūcHio- 8aTu HaKoOnu4erHa Ona 0aabwiozo po3surky eupobruyrsa Ta 3ado- 801eHHAa eciaakux noTpe6 cycniancrea» (Couianism i npaus.— Kuis, 1978, c. 42) — «Toavko Takoi Tpyd cnocoben co3dar6 npodykT, KOTOphiū. .. daer BO3MONMCHOCTO OCYUW,eCTBAATL HAKONACH UE Ona OaavHelwezo pas- surus npouseodcrea u Ydosaersopenus ecaueckux norpebrocred obuje- creas. ‘Psilom npHuHH OGb5CHAETCH HEBO3MOMKHOCTh 3aMEHBl TEDMHHOJIOTHYUECKHX BepOaHOMHHAHTOB B KOHTeKcTaXx: «Ono (macr6uuie — C. B.) pasdesexo Ha 3a2OHbl, NOITOMY MOMCHO B€CTU WUKAUYHOe CTpaBhAUuBanKnue, u Bcexda ecto 8 pesepse ceexcuil Tpasocroiy; «fina (nama.— C. B.) pasdseasena Ha 3azapadsi, Tamy MONHA eecųi YblKAiHAe cTpaiįijaiBaknne, i 3aycé- Obl écyb y pasepse ceexcvl Tpasacroily» (Fomenbckas npayaa, 1980, 10 uions, c. 2). «Bono (nacosuuie.— C. B.) poadinrexe Ha 3a20HU, TOMY MOXHA 8 e- CTU YUKAIYHe CNRACYBAHHA, į 3a8HOUE 8 pesepsi ceicuiū Tpasocriū». Bo-nepBkix, raiaronbl cTpasausars, crpayaisaysb, cnacysaru sBASIOTCS 06- ueynoTpeGuTeIbHEIME H HMEIOT OTTEHOK PasroBOPHOM peuH, BO-BTOPHIX, CO- YeTaHHsl HX C HApeuHAMH, OGpa3OBAHHbIMH OT NPHJIATATENbHBIX YUKAUUHbLL, ŲbiKAi4kbi, YuKAi4HUL, HEeCTeCTBEHHBl C TOUKH 3PEHHS JIHTEpaTYypHOfN HOPMBI H, B-TPETBHX, IJIarojibl «HeCaMOJOCTaTOYHHBI», TPeGYIOT pacnpocTpaHeHHs JIOTIOJIHEHHSAMH, 136