XVIII a. pabaigos pravardinės kilmės pavardžių daryba

LITHUANIAN LANGUAGES SANDAROS INVESTIGATIONS LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS, XXVI (1987) + Love RAMONIENĖ XVIII A. PAYAIGOS PRONOUN ORIGIN SURNAMES GARYBA Structural-functional aspects of surnames have been studied only recently. Until now, the main focus has been on the semantics and etymology of Lithuanian personal jų names. The name — is a lexically closed limited language sign systeml. Jų The task of the thesis is to determine the structural types of surnames, the most important structural — features, the relationship with other layers of the nomenclature by common words, classifiedsurnames, based on structural-grammatical criteria. su ir ti The formation of Lithuanian names has already been studied. XVII Lithuanian a. personal names (it is unclear how many had jų already become surnames), reviewing the work, has ir jų discussed Z. Zinkevičius*, investigated the formation of personal names in various periods V. Maciejauskiené®. It is important to study Lithuanian surnames of different periods in terms of their construction, because they have changed greatly over the long period of their formation and have been influenced by foreign languages. The 18th century* is considered the final period of the formation and establishment of Lithuanian surnames. What did Lithuanian surnames look like at that time? An image of them can be drawn from the 1795 baptism metric book of the Zemgaly bishopric, which is stored in the Central State Historical Archives of the Lithuanian SSR. registered more than 48 thousand personal names. Almost 24 thousand of them are male surnames, a large part of which consists of adjectives (of animals, beasts, plants, various objects and phenomena, words of abstract meaning) with various forms of construction or without them, made up of two words. These are surnames of nickname origin, which most often came not simply from common words, but from nicknames, of which Lithuanians have had many, very different* and now often create themselves’. And other nations have a number of names of this origin, Gala 1 S. O method of analysis of word-making anthroponyms. — Proceedings of the Language Committee, 1977, t. 23, p. 63—77; Crantmane B. B. I'm a little shy. OaMuun. — M., 1981, c. 31—33. 28 Zinkevičius Z. Lithuanian anthroponymics. — V., 1977, p. 227—242. 3 Maciejauskienė V. The name of the new two-tiered Lithuanian su surname in personal singular sandu. — Lietuvos TSR Scientific The Academy. A batch, 1973, t. 1(42), p. 177—181; as well as her. Distribution of Lithuanian personal name suffixes XVII a. — Kn. : Issues of Lithuanian Areal Linguistics (Lithuanian language). V., 1977, t. 18, p. 159—168. 4 Manesiyckene B. B. ®opMapOBaHHE Thank you, Colonel. mic. (Manrmnormcs]. — B., 1981; Vanagas A. Our names ir are surnames. — V., 1982, p. 56—61. 5 F 669, ap. 1, b. 69. 6 Zinkevičius Z. Lithuanian anthroponymics. — V., 1977, p. 230—235. * Butkus A. First Names ir jų origin. — Our Languag1982, e, No. 3, p. 25—28. e.g. Poles, Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians. In Latvian anthroponymics, the appellative surnames also make up a large part, but due to the peculiar history of the origin of Latvian surnames, not many can be considered nickname kilmés®. jų The majority of the population is of Polish descent, but there are also many Ukrainians, ir Belarusians, and Russians. jų All names of nickname origin can be divided into primary secondary first. į ir These are the first — of a series of novels that do not have any formal titles. Not only surnames that coincide with ordinary (primary) words are considered primary, but also su ir su derived, extended forms of the verb, which include į tų words, o ne į the field of surname derivation, e.g. : Bee, Forester, Rekaszius (: rėkūšius ‘verksnys’). In many cases, such surnames are problematic, difficult to ir identify, their original, ar the surnames ar themselves are made according to the model of appellative formation. Most of the names are noun-first names. They could be divided into several į significant semantic groups; e.g. surnames: derived from animal 1) names iš (remain in original spelling): Asylas, Awel, Balandis, Bite, Briedis, Gaydis, Gaygatas, Garnis, Giarwe, Gienis, Karpis, Karwel, Kiauwnia, Kiela, Kiszkis, Meleta, Meszka, Prusokas, Stumbras, Szapalas, Wabatas, Wanagas, Wiezys, Wilkas, Ziogas, Zyle, Zwirblis; names of plants: 2) iš Alder, Hops, Daffodil, Clover, Coriander, Hemp, Hawthorn, Linden, Lupin, Barley, Bean, Ruth, Szatawija, Zylwit; words denoting 3) iš craft, business, social position: Dragunas, Girininkas, Galwonas galvénas (: "senior, chief"), Melniks, Muylinik, Murnikas, Seniunas, Szaulis, Waywada; folk names: 4) iš Gudas, Koraim, Latvis, Poles, Russians, Turks, Žemaytis; words 5) iš describing the appearance, behaviour, character, language characteristics of people: Buksa (: buksa „a man without fingers“), Docius (: dėčius „a very generous man“), Gawien (: gavėnas „a black, sloppy man“), Gikar (: gūkaras „a boat, a tall man“), Kleywa kléiva (: „who walks on clay feet, klišė, kerėpla“), Klumbis (: klumbis „slump“), Kudzma (: kudžma „noisemaker“), Lemezis (: lėmežis „sick, stunned man, liurbis“), Lepkis (: Ičpkis „snobber- “, „snobbery“), Mykis (: mikis „mickey“) Pluszkis; 6) from various other nouns of concrete and abstract meaning: Auszra, Boksztas, Burna, Dawatka, Duda, Giedra, Gierybe, Ginczas, Gira, Gramas, Hook, Kakta, Kaminas, Kaulas, Kipszas, Kurpalis, Eadas, Easzas, Molis, Piktis, Plunksna, Ragayszis, Rojus, Skiedra, Sweykata, Szaltis, Szytkas, Tuzynas, Wiesulas, Žiedas, Žiupsnis. First-person singular adjectives are adjectives that have become singular. There are just a few of them: Drunken, Other, Evil. Second surnames — are various derivatives (vedic and punctual- ), a large part of the surnames consists of vedic from different parts of the language. * Crantmane B. B. Jlarsuuckas and others. GOamMunan, c. 106—107. 136 Many iš surnames derived from patronymic names have suffixes -aitis, -onis, -ūnas, e.g., su -aitis: Bitinaytis, Gudaytis, Kalnaytis, Katwaytis, Katynaytis, Kazokaytis, Krauleydaytis, Kreywaytis, Pisoraytis, Piworaytis, Preykszaytis, Purwaytis, Ragayszaytis, Uzkuraytis, Wanagaytis, Zemaytaytis; su -onis: Daylidonis, Kaukonis, Žydonis, Žwalonis; su -one: Kaylunas, Kaktunas, Krauciunas, Meylunas, Meszkunas, Strelzions, Tytunas. In the 18th a. century, the names are written very flattened. The main method of conjugation is the addition of Polish suffixes to — Lithuanian surnames or the replacement of Lithuanian suffixes with Polish ones. kų Many of the ir names have Slavic origins. Most of these names are the Slavic suffixes su -ovič and ir -evič, which were popular in earlier centuries, e.g. : Auksutowicz, Barzdowicz, Dobilowicz, Drasutowicz, Gielzynowicz, Kaktowicz, Kubitowicz, Melnikowicz, Raudonowicz, Stumbrowicz, Szudowicz, Tilwikowicz, Wowerowicz, Zemaytowicz, Zydowicz, Zuwelowicz; Ausewicz, Baublewicz, Burnewicz, Dyglewicz, Dundulewicz, Kubilewicz, Kuysewicz, Lalewicz, Meylewicz, Szawklewicz, Szerkszniewicz, Oszkiewicz, Pluszkiewicz, Wilkiewicz. The most popular in the late 18th century were Polish suffixes with -ski (-owski, -ewski, -auski, -inski, -ecki, -icki, -ucki). In the past, personal names with -ski were made from place names in Poland, but later this suffix became very fashionable and it began to replace patronymic suffixes —-ovič, -evič in Lithuania. There are also other names for the river, e.g. : Bakanowski, Bumblowski, Burnecki, Ezerowski, Gabalewski, Grazbarzdowski, Gribowski, Gudowski, Yawtowski, Jowarowski, Kisielewski, Kupetowski, Meszkowski, Ragowski, Szerniewski, Wanagowski, Wilkowski. At the end of the 18th century, surnames of nickname origin with -elis, -ėlis were quite popular (due to their imperfect spelling, it is impossible to distinguish them), e.g. : Auxelis, Dwarelis, Gienelis, Kunelis, Medelis, Nyksztel, Ozelis, Penelis, Ponialis, Pukielis, Szawksztelis, Tewelis, Uselis, Wanagielis, Warnelis, Žydelis. The same suffixes are used to form minor-pleasing adjectives, so it is almost impossible to determine which surnames with these suffixes are non-derived, originated from minor adjectives, and which with these suffixes are made from non-derived personal names. The Lithuanians love the minor forms of names very much and use them a lot. The material of the Lithuanian language atlas shows that in our dialects the surnames of children (boys, adolescents, young people) are often made up of the father’s surname with suffixes -elis, -élis. In the 17th century documents we find examples where the same person is written differently, once as a personal name with a deminutive suffix, and elsewhere with téovardine®. Perhaps from the mentioned late 18th-century names such as in some cases suffixes -elis, -ėlis could be patronymic. The source also mentions names with other deminutive suffixes, e.g., su-(i)ukas: Sprindziukas, Pakalniukas, Piecziukas; -utis: Alutis, Kalnutiss Kraujutis, Lekutis, Laywutis, Starkutis. Some surnames — derived from nouns — have suffixes used to indicate the name of persons according to origin and belonging, e.g., -inis: Galinis, Griki- * Zinkevičius Z. Lietuvių antroponimika, p. 238. 137 nis, Gubinis, Liepinis, Meszkinis, Pilwinis, Pupinis, Raginis, Ruginis, Szilinis; -iškis: Dwaryszkis, Galiszkis, Pakalniszkis. It is also used to designate the name of the owner of the property. From the names we have collected, such would be noun surnames with suffixes -eika, -eikis, e.g. : Burneykis, Kiawleykis, Kuneyko, Kuszleyko, Medeykis, Sauleyko, Sodeyko, Szyleyko, Szudeykis. There are also some other types of adjectives, such as. : Godeykis, Jodeykis, Mažeyko, Rudeyko, Žaleykis. The -enis suffix of similar meaning also has several derivatives from adjectives, e.g. : Szaltenis, Szyrmenis. There are names from adjectives and with other suffixes, e.g., -okas: Baltoks, Jodokas, Szlapokas; -ulis: Didziulis, Dorulis, Gierulis, Mažiulis, Rupulis, Senulis, Siurmulis; -utis: white, small, courageous; -usher: Piktuzis, Raybužis. The suffixes of the subjects and the possessors of the verb feature are typical of the names derived from the verbs, e.g., -eika, -eikis: Bijeyko, Brazdeyko, Mileyko (: mylėti or milénti „loving, caring”), Strypeyko (: stripinéti), Wedeykis; -lys: Bumblis, Bublys, Burblis, Kauklis, Kwiklys (some of them could be primary); -ulis: Bumbulis, Puciulis (: pucyti "to clean, to peel" or "to eat greedy"), Skarulis (: skdrti "to tear, to spurt, to burst"), Srebulis. We consider derivatives of endings such derivative names, whose derivative Mark goes the ending of the vedic. In these cases, it is quite difficult, and sometimes impossible, to determine which surnames are derivatives of the endings and which are primary, arising from derived appellatives. The following surnames with -is or -ys (due to spelling imperfection and conjugation difficult to distinguish- ): Dobilis, Gabalis, Karklis, Krutinis, Kuodis, Laywis, Morkis, Nagis, Nugaris, Rqkis, Rutys, Szalnis, Szarkis, Warszkis, Woweris, Ziemis; -ius: Barzdzius, Blauzdzius, Bruknius, Kulnius, Linius, Kalnius, Kaulus, Kauszius, Rublius, Szernius, Warnius; from adjectives; e.g. : Lauka, Rayma (: rdimas, -a 'ray'); -is or -ys: Bayksztis, Klubis (: klubas „raiSas, šlubas“), Ploksztis, Puykis, Raudonis, Naauris, Smaylis, Smulkis, Szwelnis; -ius: Baykszczius, Balczius, Budrius, Greicius, Jawnius, Plonius; from verbs, e.g., -a: Auga, Bimba, Dunda, Kiurna (: kiurnéti,niurzgéti*); -as: Augas, Krypas, Skubas, Raukas, Roczas (: rééyti,malonéti, teiktis“); -is or -ys: Dziawgis, Gaylis, Girgzdis, Klawsis, Kieyzys (: keizotis „to strike, to strike*“), Rayzgis, Sprogis, Szaukis; -ius: Bildzius, Ciauszkus, Gignius (: gignyti „to work hard, to drag, to carry“), Skirius (: skirti), Linkius, Ludzius, (: ludzyti „to ask“, „to ask for“, „to ask for“, „to ask for“, „to ask for“, „to ask for“, „to ask for“, „to ask for“. Our source records only derivatives of these prefixes: pa-: Pabarzdis, Papiewis, Padaubis; za-: Uzbalis, Uzpurwis, Uzwitkis, Užgalis, Užmiszkis, Užpalis. Surnames with the prefix be-Bedarbis, Berankis are most likely primary. Lithuanians have a number of compound personal names. Well-researched ancient double-rooted personal names, Somewhat newer are the compound surnames of nickname origin, with accents: a) noun + noun, e.g. : Gudgalis, Gudlenkis, Gumbakis, Jawtakis, Kaulakis, Kiaulakis, Laukzemys, Eaumakis, Miltakis, Ozakis, Udrakis, Warnakis, Jų 138 Szytbaioris. Sometimes one or even both ar elements are given the surname, e.g. : Gudionis,. Gudjurgis, Jaspelkis, Jurjonas, Wayciurgis; b) adjective + noun, e.g. : Aukszt-kalnis, Baltmyszkis, Baltaragis, Didzpetris, Jodakis, Jodpalis, Lignugaris, Ptatakis,. Red wing; a c) noun, e.g. : + Dewendonis, Kiaturakis, Trijonis, Szeszplaukis; d) noun +verb, e.g. : Gudsziepis, Zemmgulis, Zemrieta.. Most of the names in the list are in the lower part of the list. jų Only the more popular types of verbs, the more common derivatives of verb affixes were reviewed here, a number of suffixes, su which are used only for one or po two surnames, were not mentioned. An overview of the formation of surnames of pronoun origin shows that Lithuanians At the end a. of the 18th century there were many different apelliatyviniy names. Mostly primary noun names, derivatives of suffix endings, puns, ir few names with prefixes, least adjective primary su names. o CJIOBOOGPA3OBAHHE ®AMHJIMA TMPO3BHILHOTO NPOHCXOXIAEHHS COHILA XVIII BEKA Pe31oMe B young CTaThe C TOYKH 3PEHHs CJIOBOOGpa30BAHHSA pacCMATDHBAIOTCHA IJMTOBCKME daMH-- JKM NpO3BHINOHOTO npoucxoxaeHns xorna XVIII B. Merouguxr ucejiejpyeMoro MaTrepuajia — CBOJI-- Has perHCTpaLIHOHHAS KHmra Files 1795 r. You've got me. 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