Unbekannte baltische Bezeichnungen aus dem Goldaper Kreis im Thorner Nachlass von Martin Gerss

LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS, XXXII (1993) BALTIC ONOMASTICS INVESTIGATIONS Krystyna SZCZESNIAK UNKNOWN BALTIC DESCRIPTIONS AUS DEM GOLDAPER CIRCLE IM Thorner NACHLASS VON MARTIN GERSS* The numbered 130 handwritten Pages comprehensive Thorner Estate of Martin Barley contains besides German Official names Designations of places and physiographical objects including their Genitive from the Areas of Masuren, des Warmlands and the Oppelner Silesia from the middle of the 19th century. Jahrhunderts. At the request of Martin Gerss of Masuria (from his biography only the dates and places of birth and death are not subject to discussion) they were collected in these areas among the locals by evangelical pastors, most of whom are known by their signatures with first and last names attached to the letters. Professor Ludwik Zabrocki reminded of the discovery of this document in 1948, so far without success. The value of the estate is undisputed. The collection of such a large number of names with their equivalents used in the mentioned area and their genitives from the middle of the 19th century. of the century must not be overlooked. These names reflect in an unambiguous way the complicated fate of naming in Warmland, Masurian and Opole Silesia in an authentic way. Today's presentation I would like to limit to the material of the N-envelope from the Goldaper district in Masuria. It had an extremely interesting fate in the past, an equally complicated settlement that is reflected to this day in the place names, although its traces have been somewhat blurred by time and the conscious action of many generations belonging to different nationalities and mixed faiths. In the 19th. In the 19th century, Lithuanians, Germans and Poles lived together in this area, who were mainly Masurians whose ancestors came from the neighboring Mazowsze. The sermons in the churches were given by Catholics and Protestants in three languages, in German on Sundays and public holidays, in Polish every two weeks and in Lithuanian five times a year in the parish of Dubeninki, while in Zytkiejmy until the end of the 18th century. Jahrhunderts fast exclusively in Lithuanian * Here is printed the report read at the VI International Baltist Congress. 166 were preached. In der past had their Percentan age of Colonization also the Old Prussia and the Jacwingen. Als proof may some presently this in Circle functioning Name of place: Kalniszki, Garbas, Wilkasy, Szyliny, Rominta, Mieduniszki, Goldap, Lenkupie, Grabowo or Jabloriskie, Suczki and Tatary apply. Der Thorner The estate includes 168 Settlement names from the Goldaper Circle, without the Municipalities Goldap and Zabin. All Designations come from the years to 1861 and form 1865 separate 8 list, where one only the Genitive of Name contains. In addition to German Official titles for Determination of the Charakters der Settlement (Abbau, Cologne. village, establishment, Foersterei and these comparatively) are every in Fall die im Terrain used designation and their Genitive given. If more than one Amtsoder area name occurs, finds the im Directory of his precipitation; similar procedure is es followed if im Area several different Genitives are noted. Some Settlements in became two and even in three Registered in directories. Yours Official titles do not differ from each other, however, the im Terrain on written Versions by different intensity of the Masuria dialect characteristics, which is another Evidence of Authenticity of the Thorner The estate is. About the precipitation of the mentioned Masurian dialect characteristics the in Names of this Circles I spoke during the May Conference in Bialystok, about the Influence of the German graphic on the Schreibweise der Area designations on the immediately preceding Congress Colloquium Prutenicum in Warsaw. Today I want this Attention to such Names of Baltic Origin judge the in im Thorner Inheritance of the written form neither of it nor thereafter of in any accessible source were noted. Mein Lecture will be both Official titles as well as Area names concern. A. Among the 168 Settlement names of the Kreises Goldap die im Thorner estate are perceived, gives es 6 designating Settlements that are te outside Poland's lie. They are: Czelsnerhütte zu Rogainen-Kielery, Kielerow, Kelerow and Krageningken (Kraginnen), Kraginy, Kragin, Kruginnen, Ribbenischken, Rybeniski, Rybenisk, Rybenischk, Sauslesziuwen-Sausleziewo, Sausleziewa, Sauslesziewa, Warlin do do (Poggenkrug), — do Warlini, na Warling, do Warlina, WyszupohnenI'm tired, do Wiszupoen. You steer the Attention to yourself through Replacement of the primary Suffixes -er in Place names Krageninki (Krageningken) through the secondary -inasin Kraginy, which one can think of the German official place in name. That was, mine In my opinion, on the Official routes not taken, during in the colloquial language only the Form with -inas is noted. In the rest Groups falls the german Loan translation of Name of Lithuanian Origin on: Warlin-Poggenkrug. The Lithuanian Appellativum varlyne, ‘ein Place, viwo le Poggen occur” corresponds to the joking Name Poggenkrug. On the Lande became a polonized Lithuanian Form with the fluctuating inflection gender written: do Warlina (male Gender). Diese Appearance is for the mentioned area characteristic so that I here am 167 the Fluctuation of Inflection im Names of Goldap remember. Während im Nominativ der Goldap or the Goldap exists, is es im Genitive — only the Goldap possible! Another one Name of this Groups, Rybeniski, Rybenisk (In another Letter became the soft through ($) (sch) reproduced, hence the Spelling Ribenischk). Das Masurieren was also the in designation Sausleziewo noted, the in im Thorner Nachlass stated official form Sausleszäuwen is and im Proposal by Gustaw Leyding by phonetic Substitution of the second Members and through Omitting the first you in Leszczowo changed (with the general Polish Suffix -owo instead of the primary and for the given Area of characteristic Suffixes -ewo). In of the mentioned name group will also contain (from the more frequently occurring type) deviating Lithuanian üpe, noted Jodupeny, Wyziupeny, instead Balupiany, Jodupiany. B. Two Baltic place names, which were noted on the Lange and have differed from those encountered so far, their clearly Lithuanian origin. These are Pablindzie, do Pablindziow, Blindiszki (both can be coupled with the Lithuanian blind ”saliz caprea” with the different suffixes). It is worth pointing out another consequence in an effort to preserve the Baltic character of the names: they do not contain any reference to the Masurian language. The situation is somewhat different when it comes to names that were registered among locals as Preslawka, Preslawki. Here it was well preserved: pres + lauks Old Prussian, which in the Polish language was systematically accepted as lawk. The general occurrence of the adoption into the Masurian language of the spelling of the names in the countryside allows in this specific case the rescue of the Old Prussian (s) instead of the Lithuanian (3). | C. All other designations, which I did not encounter in the sources known so far, receive their legible Balticness in all its most important dialectal characteristics. They are: A 1) The maceration, often associated with palatalization. It occurs in such spellings as Absiernyriki, Absiernyrikow, Absiernyrik; Dobawiski, Dobawisk, Dubawiski, do Dobagisk, do Dubagisk (where, in my opinion, (g) is to be read as (7)) with the hand of a pastor they became, who was accustomed to the German script, I spoke more extensively about this phenomenon on the immediately next to the Colloquium Prutenicum preceding Congress. Diese appearance I interpreted as Submission of the Palatalization (v) in front Self-vowels and the Transition of the polyphonic Group (vi, v’e) in (5) expressing by someone for whom the Spelling (j) by (g) was something completely normal. (These Spelling is just from the German scripture derived). Ins Masurian translate also notes the Name: Wielkie i Male Kalnyski, do Kalnysk; Kulsy; Markawiski, do Markogisk; Mazutki; Little one. Zitkiemy, do Zitkiemy, Zitkiemy Paint and Plockieny. | 2) Approximation of (a) an (0), what augenfälling in such Spelling is: do Uskolniow (Nom. Uszkalnie do Markogisk (Nom. Markawiski). 3) Palatalization of ‘Type: miotla=nietla, im Names: Unscrupulous, do 168 Nieskrupih (!) and that at the official name: Meszkruppien (today Meszno). 4) Acting as continuation of an earlier what general (0) -o the im Write down the genitives of the examined names: do Pablindziow, Tuniow, Pablow, do Kepurdegow. 5) Weiche Pronunciation (k, g) before Anterior vowels Serie was die Methods of rubbing: Zitkiemy, Plockieny, Skajzgierki, do Skajzgierk prove. D. Die Names of two Settlements from the Goldaper circle have double Official title. They are written as Rominte (Binnenwalde) and Kalweitschen Gross (Misziszken), whereby for the first Settlement three on the Countries listed Names were given: Romini, Rominta, Binnegwald // Bynnenwalt (Bynnenwaltu) and Tertak (Tertaku), with the Masurian transition of ar>er. Zum Trap of the Others settlement was founded on the Lande Kalveycie Duze, Kalweycie Male, Kalweycioa, Kalweyciow Malych takes note. The second one official version was allegedly proven because it was on the Land was no longer known. Names of the Thorner Estate im Lights currently valid Forms. Die The majority of the names analyzed, in particular those on the Land inscribed, has the distinct Baltic character. Evident evidence for this is: Absiernyriki, Absiernyrik, against the present Forms: Obszarniki; Uszkalnie, do Uskolniow against the present Loan translation Increase. As interesting you can here the citing the fact that the since valid German 1938 Official title Bergerode was. Similar to the above mentioned Names come from their Baltic Roots the present Bledziszki, Pobledzie, Pelkowo, Dobowo, Markowo, Bedzieszewo and Meszno off, according to the still in Thorner- 's estate noted: Blindiszki, Pablindzie, Pelkawiszki, Dubawiski, Markawiski, Padyniszki and Unscrupulous. It must be noted here that those Baltic descent already the German official name obscured or obscured, which sometimes appeared as some, sometimes the Double another Form was. This is already noted by the Thorner Estate Abstract at the colloquial Name of place: Absiernyriki; Dobawen — wobei Dobawiski; Markowen — wobei Markovischken. In all these Falling acted the German Official title strongly on the Retention of the currently valid Names. What is interesting, even the one and a half Century by Live barley Masure Gustaw Leyding-Mielecki in seinem vocabulary material not the Baltic forms, but only Obszarniki, Pelkowo, Dobowo, and with German names there is no es Trace of Baltic Origin more. . Es However, im Thorner Legacy such Official titles on such as: Kalkkaunen, Macznorkehmen, Matzutkehmen, Pauczkehmen, Staczausen, Thewelkehmen—beside in the same Source recorded Name: Kalkogegwo en, the present Kolkowo, Mocnarki, do Mocnark, today Maciejowieta, Mazutki, today Mazucie, Plockieny, Staciowka or Bordzie, today Barcie — the better the Etymology of Designations and their origins form allow discover, zu which both the in Naming of the 19. century as the currently im valid Toponymy was forgotten. Es there is also a Settlement, in which the Thorner Estate two has official 169 titles, namely Klein Jeralischken, Herzogstal, while as the in Colloquial language Hercogstal, do Hercogstalu is used. Perhaps with the new Wave of German Settlement on the given Land connected, wo in this Zeit sich German from Salzburg settled. Conclusions 1. Der Thorner Estate of Martin Barley contains credible toponomastic Information from the Area of the Warmlandes, der Masuren and the Oppelner Silesia, which the Situation in of Naming of the mentioned . Landstripes through Name of the Official titles (with their Doubles, if they exist) of the colloquial Namen (which also double terms, if any) including their Genitive, to reflect. This presentation of the toponomastic material allows to establish the linguistic situation on its then basis (the 19th century), and also indirectly that of the nationalities. At the time of the fall of the Goldap district, three peoples lived there, Lithuanians, Poles and Germans, “and the number of Lithuanians decreased and that of Poles increased accordingly, namely the Masurians, which clearly reflects the names recorded in the country, which contain many characteristics of the Mazowsze dialect, among others the appearance of Masurian so characteristic for it and the 'far advanced palatalization. A “new wave of German settlement began in this period, which is evidenced by the adoption of a new place name, a polonized German that does not resemble the parallel Baltic written language. Zur 3. The toponomastic material contained in the estate does not contain previously recorded names. By reflecting a number of dialectal characteristics and containing the genitive of the names, it is, in my opinion, an important core piece that combines information extracted from local documents by Wojciech Ketrzynski (as is known, the originals were lost during the evacuation of the archive in Königsberg) with materials collected in the countryside by Gustaw Leyding-Mielecki, which are valuable both for toponomasts, historians-- linguists and researchers of the past of this region. : The majority of the Baltic names studied lost their origin through a complicated Lithuanian-German- -Polish transposition, which were carried out in different orders. They are remembered by the following names: Podwyzna, Kolki, Kolkowo, Markowo, Dobowo, Maciejowieta and Stachowigta, Meszno and Black. 5. The above-mentioned change occurred: a) self-governing —in the area with a predominantly Lithuanian population, a Settlement of Mazowsze from zu develop. Die durch Diseases, epidemics and wars decimated villagers are often replaced by populations from Mazowsze or neighboring Masurian Circles e fill up. 170 b) consciously, through activities: 1) German Authorities, for example Dobawen, while on the Land only Dobawiski, Dubawiski was noted. 2) der Commission on Determination of Place names, which in Poland to end of war 1945 was active. Durch Enuscheinung sanctioned them Podwyzna, you Gustaw Leyding-Mielecki instead of Absiernysiki, Uszkalnie suggestion, although one Uzbaly lean. How it came about Kiejsty und Markowo, Dobowo which the Germans an Official titles Lean on Markow, Dobaw. It must be added here that this tendency was not always consistent. Zu Kreis Goldap were many Name on -iszki left, so were the Designations Markowo, Dobowo and Pelkowo not necessary. 6. Der Thorner Estate and be material therefore warn especially unthinking Drawing from Conclusions on Topics of primary Formation of Names in linguistically mixed inhabited areas and confirmed my previous Caution im Use of the Designation classification of Taszycki for the Name research im mentioned District area. GALDAPES SRITIES UNKNOWN BALTIC PRONOUNS THORNERIO LET'S STAY Summary In Thorner's legacy (Mid-XIX) are a. residential place names 168 is Galdapes " region. A jų considerable number are clear Baltisms, e.g., Poblindzie, Kalniszki, Wilkasy, Garbas. The Baltic origin of some oikonymies is difficult to trace due to later changes caused by the influence of ir Germanic Yenki languages. Common cases of translation (e.g., Warlin — vok. Poggenkrug) indicates former bilingualism resp. situation of polylingualism in these lands. 171