Derinamojo pažyminio vieta senojoje lietuvių kalboje

LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS XXXIII (1995) GRAMMATICS IR LEXICOLOGY VIRGIN VASILIAUSKIENĖ DERINAMOJO CERTIFICATE PLACE SENOJOJE LITHUANIAN LANGUAGES 1. In modern Lithuanian, the preposition usually precedes the noun. Such a position jo is neutral, unmarked. Postpositionally, it is used when emphasizing jį (Schwentner 1922 : 29—30; Doors 1927 : 81—82; Meškauskas 1929 : 45; Girdenienė 1981 : 156, 168; Ambrazas 1986 : 96; 'paMmaTuka JiuToBcroro s3biKa 1985 : 685—686). It has been observed that in the old In the a. 16th—17th century writings, the postposition of the conjugated pazymnik is more frequent, jo but the place of the marked word in these writings has not been studied in more detail, only it is believed that the marked word is more po often moved by the marked word due to the influence of — Slavic languages. iš (Palionis 1967 : 208; Ambrazas 1982 : 107); on Slavic languages zr. Mensuuuyx 1958 : 37 tt. ; Cuporunnna 1965 : 12 tt.) Typological studies of various languages show that the position of the determining member in relation to the determining member is related to the order of the components of the sentence nucleus (Greenberg 1963: 73 et al., Hawkins 1979: 619—620; 629 et al.). Languages with a prepositional notation have a more typical SOV word order. The adjective (AdjN), numerical (NumN) and noun (PronN) prepositions typologically fit this word order model (Greenberg 1963: 73 etc.; Ambrazas 1982: 107). Syntactic typology works indicate that there is a very strong implication linking a sign to a prepositional structure: if a language has prepositional structures, then its sign is used postpositionally: PraepN —NGen — NAdj (Ambrazas 1986: 99). The SVO word order model is characteristic of contemporary Lithuanian, as well as the predominance of prepositional constructions typologically does not match the indicative preposition, so it is believed that this model may be newer, recently established in literary language. It has been noted that in folklore and dialects SOV and model are more common than in the current common language (Ambrazas etc.), but there is still a lack of more detailed data to justify this view. OV 1982 : 102 ; In the old In the 16th a. and 17th centuries, the postposition of the coordinating note, as already mentioned, is more frequent. This led to the assumption that in the Old Lithuanian language the conjugating postposition could be used more regularly with the denoting noun, this postposition po ir jo su SVO ir VO word order model. D. In the case of the skeleton of a human, the researchers found that the skeleton was more likely to have been broken in the ir neck. po Ji believes that such constructions may have preserved an archaic word 124 order (Girdenienė 1981: 165 et al.). 2. Data from ancient writings would help to determine the direction of word order development. However, the study is complicated by the fact that almost all of the ancient texts are translations, having experienced considerable influence from other languages. The source chosen should be original or at least semi-original. This article aims to examine the position of the harmonized certificate K. "Story of the "Break" and the "Breakdown"". "Points of Sayings" is a translatione n, but an original work, first written in Lithuanian, only then translated into Polish (Zinkevičius 1988: 256). The translation below allows you to compare the word order in the Lithuanian and Polish texts. J. Bretkūno "Postilas" is also not a translation, but a compilation work, in writing it the author used his own sermons and the works of other Protestant theologians (Zinkevičius 1988: 66—67). Nė one of iš these sources is not neutral, unmarked from a stylistic point of view. It is a collection of rhetoric- — al texts. Į this will be taken into account using statistical data without attempting to determine the prevailing word order in a neutral text (Reklaitis 1982: 371 et al.). 3. In order to determine the position of the coordinated mark in relation to the mark word, all sentences were selected su with marks iš K. Sirvydo From the first part of "Points of Sayings" and from 100 pages of J. Bretkūnas' "Postiles". Word order in compounds 3447 (2263 — iš "Points of statements", 1184 — iš "Posts". Statistics from both sources show (see section 4.4). 1 table), that the preposition of the coordinating sign dominates: * "In points of statements" prepositionally used all 74,3% coordinating marks, "Postila" o even — 89,4% !. Table 1 Prepositional Postpositional Source Total number of grades incl. % sk. % "Points of statements" 2263 1682 74,3 581 25,7 "Postilė" 1184 1059 89,4 125 10,6 Use of the conformity certificate before ar po the indicative word directly depends on what part of the speech goes that indicative table). (2 Tiek "In points of statements" both In "Postila", the ir numerical noun is usually used prepositionally ("In the points of the sentences" NumN=95.2%, PronN=92.4%; "In the Postile" — NumN=100%, PronN=93%). The place ir of the adjective participant certificate varies more: "In the points of the sayings" preposition58% ally used ir 30,2% adjective participle o marks, "in the Postile" respectively — 86% ir 67,8%. As we see, the adjective ir participant "In the Postile" ! The statistics ir will be presented in the following order: first iš Punkty sakymy”, is o po to iš ” Postiles”. 125 much more frequently used before the indicative word. Me. A nr The position of adjectives, pronouns, adjectives ir and participles should be discussed separately. in ducks toti Lu 3.1. As already mentioned, the numeral usually goes before the indicative word —PS 95.2%, BrP 100%. ; Teyp read ape Saul king/ who the scripture says d w e i s m et ws karalawusi unit Israel PS 13612—15. Pir m a 1 e d ie n aie ischmokam/ ghi tikrai isch Czistos Ponos Marios Born in Bethlehem BrP 9312—-14p. two of a kind Po "In the points of statements" go only 4,8% numeric pazyminiy (4 examples). Du iš jų we find in ne the very points, in o the passages of the Gospels, which, apparently, ne translated himself K. Sirvydas (Zinkevičius 1988 : 256). 2 iszeis ape dinu trečiu a ifwido kitus stowinéius vnt turgawiciu dikus... PS 3177_g. A buwo tinai iž stone day su six paed under the blasphemy of j... PS 21419—11In one case, the noun is used prepositionally when another noun is used before the noun (for more on such cases see. 3.3.). Those cusniey three ira anie/kuriuosus... PS 37924-95. The position of the numerical indicator in relation to the noun in ir the Lithuanian Polish text of "Punktų sakymų" differs: in three cases the iš postpositional indicator of the four Lithuanian parts corresponds to the prepositional one of the Polish part. Examples: perfect niwiniu PS 8629-93 —dZiewigéi doskonalošči; adin third PS 3177-8 —tržečiey godžinie; suday šieši PS 21419 —šešč slagiew. 3.2. Names are almost always used as prepositions — PS 92.4%, BrP 93% (Table 2). They make up more than half of all prepositional references in both sources (PS 59.9%, BrP 50.1%; see table 3). The postpositional sign is usually followed by an adjective, but it is interesting to note that the substantive sign constitutes as much as 32% of all postpositional signs used in "Postila" (PS 14.3%, see table 4). By the way, the demonstrative pronouns tas, ta, šts, $i, šitas, šita, anas, ana are used in some cases similarly to the articles of modern Western European languages. In such cases A. Rosinas has proposed to call them arthroids (Rosinas 1972: 84; 88—89; 1980: 96 etc.; 1988: 59 etc.). However, the degree of proximity of these pronouns to articles is difficult to define more precisely, so they are not distinguished from other jvardiniy marks, because it will be most important to define the position in relation to the noun. jų ; The above demonstrative pronouns make up a considerable part of all nominal signs about half — (43,7% ir 52,5%). The frequency of use of some marks, apparently, depends on the dialectal characteristics of the text (see section 4.4). 5 ir 6 lentils). K. Sirvydas more often už J. The name is used by the locals, but is less commonly used. Tik K. The name is a derivative of the word tulip. Instead of every J. In Bretkūnas' sermons, the word kožnas is used only once. , But you k tried one Zmog u po io the ace of thick eighteen BrP 8113-14. Only a few noun [pazyminiy postpositions are used more frequently in both sources. First of all these pronouns anas, ana (PS 15,9%, BrP 154%) 126 sea 61 849 0F HH 99 98 Lob L OF 6 089 £—-— _— < 001 28° Apso, 869 06 20¢ 66 ZF OF 8S 99g 9 £8 +'I6 8001 8% Vv. 096 08 ‘fiurkyes rezjung į, ¥ from: 06 9. Od 9% and Tog wu id % °d % id sAururAzed sAutrurkzed sAurur4zed s(kururSzed sluneg stutadeq sturpaeApng sturpieaf STUIpIEA3IBAS afpizod orunu/(zed oruriSTep Jį orurpaeaApną ‘orurpaeat ‘orurpreajreg 2[93U3] gz 127 > 3 table | Distribution of prepositional marks by parts of speech | Skaitvardiniy [vardinium Budvardiniy Dalyviniy | Total paZyminiy pazZyminiy pazyminiy pazyminiy number sk. | % sk. % sk. % sk. % "Points of sayings? 1682 79 4,7 1008 59,9 556 33,1 39 2,3 "Postile" 1059 82 TT 530 50,1 407 38,4 40 3,8 Distribution of postpositional marks according to language parts tlenetelė Numeral Nouns Adjectives Participles Source Total pazyminiy marks marks marks number sk. % sk. Where. en Sk. % sk. % "Points of sayings? 581 5 0,9 82 143° 403. 694 90 15,5 "Postile" 125 = = 40 32 66 52,8 19 15,2 and himself, herself (10.8% and 12.2%). They tend to be used postpositionally, apparently to emphasize the noun. Table 5 Relationship between preposition and postposition of the most commonly used noun signs in K. Sirvydo "Punktuose sakymy" Pr % Po % Tas 384 97 12 3 All 192 97 6 3 Other 123 99.2 1 0.8 Tula 72 75.8 23 24.2 Total 65 95.6 3 4.4 Anas 37 84.1 T 15.9 Toks 28 90.3 3 air Pats 33 89.2 4 10.8 Kiekvienas 21 91,3 2 8,7 Sis | 17 100 —— Wood 2 11.1 16 88.9 ...teyp regiesime karalistey an oy Diewu Tewu/Twasiu szwentu ir Sunu Diewo PS 33716—19. Luther's and Calvin's hearts don't have a star Christ's own/none other naked statue PS 2753; —276, _3. It is the first dd of another, which is marked BrP 665_g. It can also be noted that in "Punktuose sakymy" the postposition of these pronouns is more frequent before the pause. This is linked to the fact that in Lithuanian the second position from the end is more emphasized (Girdenienė 1971: 41; 1981: 100). 162—163). Tapes are available for download on the following sites: PS 28427_29. First, the sign ira Zim e ana/whose sword is what PS 19016—17...- .someone knows how to break into the kingdom of the cloudy... but floats straight into hell itself PS 2765-54. The postpositionally used pronoun itself does not always form an attributive compound: it may be related to the noun by an apozitional relationship (Valeckienė 1984: 117—118; 123). Sis and some other postpositional pronouns (visas, visa, tas, ta) again indicate the object said by the noun: table 129 6 J. Bretkūno "Postilėje" dažniau vartojamų įvardinių pažyminių prepozicijos ir postpozicijos santykis Prepoziciškai Postpoziciškai Įvardinis pažyminys vartojamų vartojamų Pr % Po % Tas 121 98,4 2 1,6 Six 111 96,5 4 3,5 Visas 105 96,3 4 3,7 Pats 36 87,8 5 "122 Sitas 35 100 — — Next 30 96,8 1 3,2 Kožnas 17 944 į epg Anas 11 84,6 2 154 Tree 8 32 17 68 And Christ Himself teipes in BrP 721. It will be difficult to answer God's prayer in the afternoon, BrP 9919-29. Two men are hanging their true newalnikay God PS 322¢_3. Death is in the eyes of all deceased persons who have died BrP19929. For iu dusdias tasmy/whose first kuny giweno/kunuosna sawo per galiby Diewo sugruzintas buwo PS 88325. Even more frequently than the previously mentioned pronouns, postpositionally used is the tulas, which has recently been proposed to be considered an adjective (Rosinas 1986: 30 et al.). Thulas postpositional use in its frequency (23%) is similar to some adjectives, e.g. baisus —23.5%, geras —24.6%), but similarly to these pronouns, the postposition emphasizes the demonstrative noun: jo — It is a wadinasi waystu/- which leads to the disease tulosPS 3551-39. Dušioy seia galibes tulas atminti/ iszmoniu/ luosu noru: wel ir tose seta mokstu tulu PS 292; 5. Thulas postposition has another characteristic: this pronoun even more often than fines prefix goes before a pause po (zr. ir previous examples Zius): Caries and the outcome of famine/ plague/ disease PS 2602930. k sa, reporicithal the position of the pronoun túlas in the sentence is not defined as follows: iv He would prepare a table or a banquet and make a big circle of ir guests. PS 2275_g. It shows that hid tulu si. daykt pcs Ap of dull pcs of winter ir sheet PS 1733-46. PS 9610-15. 130 The position of the pronoun koks is markedly different from that of other pronouns. It follows the indicative word even more often than it precedes it (PS 88.9%, BrP 68%). Sunus ima turtu tewo sawo ne ažu darbus kakiuos/bet todrin iog sunis ira PS 32339 —324, -3-„Ar teyp ape kitos io tikribes pa truputi ku gaudome/ir kayp tusteli k o ki aukso saw nulaužiame PS 2092. 5. Kadda sZmogus koksai stala pakloij alba pakel/sweczius kakius pakwietens/- alba su sawa szeimina noredams walgiti BrP 6438 —651—3. Thus Christ saw us and bled as a sign of His grace BrP6720—21. First of all, this use of the pronoun may have been influenced by its non-significant meaning, according to which it corresponds to the currently dominant pronoun ktoś. Secondly, kaks only is used postpositionally in samples kažin koks, bet koks, maža koks and so on, where it has a similar oppositional function as it has already been mentioned. This suggests that the postposition of the indefinite pronoun koks is relative, and that constructions in which it is used enclitically after a more emphasized noun have preserved an older state. Prepositionally, this pronoun is usually used when the demonstratijo ve noun has other indications: ++for tu mariu sema wisi/ who have some sawimp Diewo m i- "Esch nei Christus esmi/nei Elioschus/- wel kits koksai Prarakas BrP 4023-34". Isch new testament- ... we heard Christ really... born in Bethlehem and like some other poor Berneli wistiklosna inwistita BrP The 7015. position of pronouns may not coincide in the Lithuanian text of "Punkty sakymų" and the Polish translation: in this collection of sermons there are 9.6% of compounds, in which the pronoun, which in the Lithuanian text goes after the indicative word (NPron), in the Polish part of the text goes before it (PronN), e.g.: sutwerimo kiekwieno PS 792394 —každego stworženia; widuris pačius PS 878 —samych wnetržnošči; on these PS 3702223 —te days; laymiby takiu PS 3897 —so lucky; mariu wisu PS 20919—11 —all the sea. There are very few combinations where the Lithuanian text has PronN and the Polish has NPron (0.8% of all prepositional pronouns), e.g.: to swieto PS 10826 —swiata tego; tasay word PS 34123 — slow to; wisi žmones PS 35820 —all the people. This means that the Polish language is not affected by the postposition of the pronoun. Emphasizing certain text units was relevant to the authors, because the texts themselves (the collections of sermons) were intended for oral language. We sometimes see the variation of position in the same sentence. Kaczeibei sZmones wissi bei Angelai wissi rodos noretu sužinoti/- kū metu alba kaddai Ponas Jesus antra karta isch dangaus tur ataiti suditu wissas sZmones BrP 21913. A schitta buda ne pramane simogus koksai prastas/- nei wel didis koksai Daktar a 3/nei wel Popiesfus/nei wel Ciesaras koksai/nei wel Angelas Diewo BrP 6322-95. Even the same pronoun with the same noun is often used twice, e.g.: kiekwienam dayktuy PS 992¢_27 —dayktuy kiekwienam PS 993, — ditomis dienomis dienomis šitomis 1001; PS 36515 — PS 3702223; wisokiu 131 turtu PS 37894 — turtu wisokiu PS 3766-7; Coke BrP 4225 = Cox's Bazar BrP 4024; patsai Christ BrP 41; 2 — Christ himself BrP914; wissas sžmones BrP 1021 — sžmones wissas BrP 1929 Ir t.t. stu su] Thus, the postposition of the pronoun is apparently a Lithuanian-typical Feigkings. [the noun is used postpositionally to emphasize the noun or also postpositionally to relate the intonation i of the sentence, i.e., jo the pronoun goes after the noun when it is associated be with it by an apostrophic connection. po su bar . 3.3 Adjectives more often už than ir numerals pronouns used postpositionally (PS 42%, BrP 14%). The ir frequency of postposition of numerals pronouns coincides in both sources, o adjectives — differ significantly (difference = 28%). . e . ‘Binomial adverbs are not very diverse, a large part of them are jy constantly repeated. This allows us to identify different usage tendencies of different lexicons (see section 4.4). 7 ir 8 lentils). 7 Table 1 K. The most commonly used adjective signs in Sirvydo "Points in Sayings" are: Preposition ir Postposition Relationship Prepositionally Postpositionally Adjective sign used used used Pre and Post % Didis; 104 67,5 50 32,5 Good 49 75.4 16 24.6 Eternal 41 62.1 25 37.9 Small 26 813 6 18, True 26 65 14 35 Evil 24 68.6 11 31.4 Difficult 24 66.7 12 33.3 Holy 20 16,7 100 83,3 High 14 61 9 39 Terrible. 13 76,5 4 23,5 Old 11 68,8 5 31,2 Brangus | 9 39 14 61 K. Sirvydo "In Points Sayings" postposition of only two adjectives is more common preposition už expensive — (Po 61%) ir holy (Po 83,3%). Eight times fourteen the adjective iš expensive goes with the noun itself as a sign stone to expensive: fuurukzed fumwAged — nyɛ/zed nyɛAzed 132 — — ve H vz t t g 290d = : 9'z 1 8's oF I's ią zs Ig Subs eponge, Co % 0. HE % % A stunieg firupueysip fruiadeq frunuesip fitupreappg > filunuegsip fruipreajiog firuuesstp fiturpaeaj spujpep soqe] spidues sofpjsodead seupueisi(y ipo ns 212343] 01 RA z 2 86 L801 2sec 4 1's 98 6'16 9681 fides wppung, % y % ‘As efirzoda1d sunuwsip orunwized ofowsuuaq efiizodaid 2u1yejuoy owrwuized ofowreuns( ufpzodesd supueisyp Jf puipfeIucy ojunuiyed ofowreurteq stuneg 219312] 6 tind sq usvvanigado Irti1on aišbaoi ittbaavbiūt i ~ - - -—-+ i, Thai 139 2000/ 12/ 16 ir PS 3065s. The position before the noun in citu dide darby karsztibe aba stropibe/ noras PS 33028-—31- - Ši jų liepsnuoius pasirode is marked. kiB 7 2 5. In the Indo-European ir protospeech in the old Indo-European languages, various ar unpronounced weakly pronounced words.slidavosi to pronounced words of independent lexical meaning had a second ir place in the sentence (Wackernagel 1953; Crenanos 1989 : 225). In "pointed statements" to the conjugated indicative or indicative noun can be added particles already, only, again examples), occasional adverbs then (12 examples), pronoun then example). (3 (1 Particles are usually attached to the pronoun or adjective at the beginning of the sentence: A to kiti sutwerimay ne turi/ pats tiktay žmogus ir Anielas has luosiby PS 32535. Paéiu tiktay tikeimu sakos busiu ižganitays PS 2583_9. Ta welgalibe God's ir wisdom calls upon Christ PS 34118—-320. Kayre wel runka vnt to swieto ira tabay trumpa PS 24239—-31. Pikti wel dayktay :small ira nusideimay lyngwesni PS 3149729. . . = ; The adverb then joins the noun at the beginning of the sentence: Ionas tadu szwyntas nesidawe aprink ažu Mesiashiu PS T38g-10. Ponna tadu szwyn éerste ir [uozapas iog gieray iam daboios/- todrin stebeios PS 19047. The pronoun it is joined to the adjective: Mažas tai kusnis ne gal iuo pasisotint PS 27033 —2715. When the enclitics are inserted between the sign sub-sign, the latter are ir more emphasized. The changes in word order in Lithuanian play a similar role as in many related languages in the early periods of their development. ; | CONCLUSIONS The preposition of the conjugated adjective dominates in "Punktuose sakymų" and "Postilėje" (PS 74.3%, BrP 89.4%). The use of a coordinating mark before or after the marked word depends directly on which part of the language the mark goes through. Numerals and pronouns are most often used in prepositional form (*In the sentences in the points "NumN 95.2%, PronN 92.4%; in the sentences in the postpositions" NumN 100%, PronN 93%). The adjective and participle marks are more often used postpositionally: in "Punktuose sakymų" 42% of adjectives and 69.8% of participle marks are used postpositionally, while in "Postilėje" 14% and 32.2% respectively. [the postposition of the nominal pronoun cannot be explained solely by the influence of other languages. ir [the noun is used postpositionally to emphasize the noun. Jo postposition, similar to an adjective, ir could condition the intonation of the sentence. In some cases, the pronoun that protects the demonstratipo ve noun is ose sprig rysiu. s The adjective is pė used under the word to more expressively emphasize certain words in the text groups of words. The ar adjective mark often goes at the end of the sentence before a po sentence pause. ar +140 The order of the elements of some sacralized ecclesiastical phrases may have been influenced by other languages (Latin, Polish). In addition, the adjective mark is more often used postpositionally when the text recounts the content of another church work. The adverb can come after the designative noun when it has some other prepositional or postpositional sign. i = ”The adjective of the sayings in "Punktuose sakymų" follows the indicative word much more often than in "Postilėje", perhaps because K. Sirvydas used more abundantly the rhetorical means of expression characteristic of the Baroque era. The alignment mark may have a non-contact position. It is more typical of "points of statements". In the case of a distant position, the combining sign forms a framework with the indicative word. The prepositional conjugation mark is usually separated from its denoting word by a verb. The enclitic particles only again occupy the second place in the sentence, they are attached to strongly accented words (conjugation mark or marking word). LITERACY 1. Ambrazas V. Models of word order in contemporary Lithuanian language. — Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. A Ser. T. 3(96), 1986, pp. 92-102. 2. Ambrazas V. Word order and sentence type reconstruction in Baltic languages. "Baltistica- ." T. 18(2), 1982, pp. 100-118. 3. Durys M. Syntax of Lithuanian language. K., 1927. 4. Girdenienė D. Current division and its role and ways of expression in Lithuanian language. —Kalbotyra, T. 22(1), 1971, p.35—47. 5. Girdenienė D. The place of the alignment certificate in dialectal and common Lithuanian language. "Baltistica- ." T. 17(2), 1981, pp. 156-169. 6. Greenberg J. Some universals of grammar with particular reference to the order of meaningful elements. —Universals of language. Cambridge, 1963, p. 73—114. 7. Hawkins J.A. Implicational universals as predictors of word order change. —Linguistics. V. 55, No. 3, 1979, pp. 618-648. 8. Meškauskas P. Syntax of Lithuanian language. K., 1929. 9. Palionis J. Lithuanian Literary Language in the 16th—17th Centuries, 1967. 10. Parker F. Typology and word order change. —Linguistics. V. 18, 1980, pp. 269-288. 11. The first grammar of the Lithuanian language. V., 1957. 12. Reklaitis J.K. The PIE word order controversy and word order in Lithuanian. —Papers from the 3rd International Conference on Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam, 1982, pp. 369-385. 13. Rosinas A. A significant article in Lithuanian dialects and ancient writings. - It's a lie. T. 24(1), 1972, pp. 83-90. 14. Rosinas A. A few more thoughts on the article, or arthroid, in Baltic languages. - It's a lie. T. 31(1), 1980, pp. 96-98. » 1s. Rosin A. Del tulasstatuso y origen. —Our Language, 1986, No. 2, p. 16. Rosinas A. Balty kalby jvardziai. V., 1988. 17. Schwentner E. The Word Order in Lithuanian. Heidelberg, 1922. 18. Wackernagel J. Small writings. Bd.1. Gotinga, 1953. vi 19. A. Valeckienė The grammar system of Lithuanian language. Family category, 20. History of the Lithuanian language. T. 3. V., 1988. 21. paMMaTHKA JiHTOBCKOTMO s3b5IKA,. B., 1985. , 1984. 141 22. Mens Huyųyysr A.C. I hope you enjoyed it. H B CJIABAHCKHX f3BIKaAX. Kues, 1958. 23. CuporunnunzHa O.B. I'm sorry, I'm sorry. B A3BIKE. CapaTos, 1965. 24. Cte panos H.C. Uapoepponefickoe npenjlo’KeHHe. M., THE 1989. POSITION OF Attributes IN CONCORD IN OLD LITHUANIAN Summary Attributes of Modern Lithuanian precede the noun. They follow the noun only the case in inverted word of order. In Old Lithuanian the attribute follwed the noun more often. į Modern Lithuanian has the SVO order the major of sentence constituents. By implicational universals of Greenberg if any language has the SVO word order, the genetive and the adjective follow the noun. Modern Lithuanian is inconsistent with these implicational universals. j ii The article deals with the position the of attribute concord in in K. Sirvydas "Points of sayings"? and J. Bretkūnas" "Post". Statistical data show the dominance prepositional of attribute (PS 74,3%, BrP any 89,4%). The pronoun and the numeral precede the noun more often than adjective (in "Points of statements?" Adj N 58%; in "Postile" AdjN 86%). The postposition of attributes in Old Lithuanian writings can’t be explaned only as a result of the influence of Slavonic languages. A pronoun follows the noun such cases: when in the noun stressed; when the pronoun connected is with the noun appositional relations; is can follow the noun by it as a result the of intonation and rhythm the of sentence. An adjective goes after the noun in such cases: when the adjective is stressed; when it is used in constructions with other attributes {pronoun or genetive); when it goes at the end of the sentence or before the pause. The position of the adjective in some frozen constructions of religious phraseology can be the result of Polish and Latin influence. The position of adjectives can be motivated by genre and style, e.g. postpositional adjectives in "Punktai sakymų" are more often used for rhetorical reasons. The usage of enclitical words in the position between the attribute and the noun is being explained in connection with the law of Wackernagel. eatin) Lame! itsrmsia codlsd previord A broda ao in V 0 142