Avies ir ėriuko pavadinimai tarmėse (A. Salio anketos „Apklausas 1“ duomenimis)

LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS, XXXIV (1994) LITHUANIAN LANGUAGES ARTICLES IR JŲ INVESTIGATIONS Vita PRANSKŪNAITĖ NAMES OF IR SHEEP LAMBS IN THE LANDMARKS (A. Salio anketa ” Survey 1” data) After 0. establishment In Lithuania 1939 m. The Lithuanian be Institute of Linguistics, other works, began research on Lithuanian linguistic geography. Until then, there was no larger ir systematic work in this area !. Right, professor. K. Būga, iš Russian returned to work į He began preparing for the Lithuanian language atlas. For this purpose, he has prepared ir three printed questionnaires called 'question sheets'. The first "Questions sheet", dedicated to phonetic subjects, iš 106 questions, the second, the third, ir dedicated to vocabulary, includes more than questions. 180 The second questionnaire for determining the geography of words is divided into thematic groups: I. Trobes, II. Trees ir Shrubs, III. Vegetables, IV. Animals, V. Fish, VI. The Reptiles, VII. Insects, VIII. Weather, IX. Birds, X. Seasons, XI. Varia. The work was interrupted by the early death of K. Būga, and the compiled ir questionnaires remained unused. 0.1. K. Buoga's work jo was continued by a pupil Antanas Salys, while still a student, was pushed by his teacher into the field of lexicography. į ir To collect dialect material, he created a new 92 questionnaire " Surveys 1 (word geography)", divided into thematic groups. Some jų — plant ir animal names repeat — iš The second "question sheet" by K. Buga. The following thematic groups are appointed by Mr Sali: I. Animals, II. Birds, III. Reptiles, IV. Kiaupės, V. Žuvys, VI. Invertebrates, VII. Plants, VIII. Mushrooms. Left 25 questioiš ns of the second K. Boogs "The question sheet". Prie "A 1” separate leaflet attached to the survey 'Explanations to interrogators'. Comparing su K. Būga's questionnaire, "The 1" advantage of the survey is the possible answers in various dialect — names, given by the main word of Lithuanian common po language. The Latin, German, Russian and Polish equivalents are given in parentheses. 0.2. Multiplied "The survey 17, iš once the collection of material has begun. A network of approximat400 ely 100 points was established for direct dialect data collection. Material collected from 1941 m. to 1943 m. Received approx. 150 000 answers, but ne iš of the total Lithuanian language area ir ne iš everywhere evenly 2 In the last years of World War II, data collection was interrupted. It has been updated and 1972 m. ir continues. 0.3. 1951 m. of the newly compiled "Lithuanian Language Atlas material collection — : Atlas of the Lithuanian language. T. 1. Lexicon. V., 1977. P. 8—12. Country A. Writings. T. 3. Various articles. Rome, 1985. P. 76; Atlas of the Lithuanian language. T. 1. Lexicon. P. 9— 10. 93 program" in * the lexicon section left some ir "The 1” question In preparing the first * volume of this atlas for printing (lexical maps ir commented on), according to A. Salio "The 17 survey recorded data was not yet required to process (reused, classified), so they were used very little 1. First "The 17 question of the survey required the recording of — the names of sheep domestic animal kept ir for wool — meat. 3 1.1. Iš The answers collected show that the most widespread dialect of Lithuanian language is the old ide. name sheep. It is used in western Lithuania. part of the forest area (see section 4.4). 1 Figure 1. ). In another place, the name is ewritten in the form ave. In the eastern dialects of the Lithuanian language, the diminutive adverbs have almost completely replaced the sheep. -ėlė derivati- — ve of iš ovčlė, initially could have only minor or mą. the lonic value, which over time faded closer to the ir inherited sheep value “. ją Both names are now used synonymously. The approximate boundary between avie sheep names is "Joniškis-Radviliškis-Kėdainiai-Kaunas-Prienai". In the area of Awe, sheep are often mentioneir d. Thus, sheep is used throughout lie. in the Tuvian language area, only in the eastern — part as a variation of avėlė. - In addition to the main names of sheep avéla ir there are many others, having: the minor graceful meaning of the root avedinių: avietė, avūtė, ar aviūlė, aviélé, avaička. a Mr. SkardZins also mentions rarely used adverbs in Lithuanian -yka derived from avieka, adjective used in eastern Lithuania -us derivative owka ©. The event was also 1977 m. recorded by the data collectors Zieteloje. 1.2. Other root sheep names are rare, used mainly Pietų Lie: in you as sheep variants. Iš older data show that rather lively consumpiš tion of sheep Let's call the words derived from the names of this animal ". This is the root burpavadinimai būriir bu deminutive jų variants: būrela (būrelė?), buritė, burikė, burt buriūtė, occurring almost throughout the Lithuanian language area. i Of the same origin (from the exclamation words) root cucnames Kkūcė, kucytė, kucūtė were common In the woods. According to recent data, these names are p disappearing, giving way to the common language word sheep: buriūkė buriūtė recorded only In o Kybartuose, colt — In Balboa. It is also known as iš the North Pole in the United 1942—1943 m. States. (dem. boreliosis). Other ir rarer sheep names are disappearing: base, bazėlė, binė, būlė, cėbė, škiūdė. A 1956 Lithuanian language atlas material collection program. V., 1951; II I'm sorry. VS Atlas of the Lithuanian language. T. 1. Lexicon. Skardžius P. Lithuanian language word formation. V., 1943. P. 177. 6 Idem. P. 131; 160. For the iš names of sheep made up of call words, see O T x ynmuxkos H. B. BaaTuitckne n CJIABASHCKHMe HA3BAHMA OBUBI H Gopana // Peripheral dialects of Lithuanian language. Lithuanian Linguistics. T. 30. V., 1993. P. 63—68; See also Sabaliauskas A. Baltic names of pets (their origin relationship ir with the su corresponding names of Slavic languages) // Baltic ir Slavic languages Lithuanian Linguistics. T. 10. V., 1968. P. 112—122. 94 OŪpp>»>Vvoe avis avėlė other variants būrė other burvariantai bėrė kūce/kucūkė Om : 25 Or Os’ = On Ca! 7 Os į see J a 1 Figure 1. Sheep names. 2.0. Dialectal names of sheep children are the subject of the second “ Question 17 of the survey. A. Salys presented thirteen dialect names and their variants. | The answers show that in Lithuanian dialects there are about thirty names of sheep children and their variants. 2.1. The oldest form is considered to be jėras, from which the later phonetic variants éras, geras, véras 8. The most common éro and géro adverbs are the Vedic "lamb/lamb; 2). It is used in the northern and eastern parts of Lithuania. When comparing the data of Survey 1 with the map * of the Lithuanian Language Atlas for the names of lamb, it is clear that within two decimals lamb has been completely expelled from the area of use of gėriūkas, and the isogloss of gėriūkas has moved slightly to the west. Now it could be drawn slightly west of Šiauliai and Radviliškis, southwest of Kėdainiai-- Jonava-Kaišiadorys. In addition to the dominant name gėriūkas, the main form — geras and the -ėlis derivative of the adverb gėrėlis can be found in the same area. Ėriūkas is widespread in the western and southern part of Lithuania, where other variants are used: ėrėlis, érdilis, ėras. A separate islet is formed by the western corner of Žemaitija, where the vérditis predominates. Other options here are very rare. 2.2 In the southeastern part of the area, due to the influence of Slavic languages, various variants of the root baron are used: baroniūkas, baronėlis, barondilis. There is a tendency of their penetration into the area of the goodiuk. In addition to the prevailing variants of ėriūkas, in almost the entire area of the dialects, except for the western part of Žemaitija and the area around Biržai, Pasvalys and Panevėžys, various av(in)deminutive names of the root are also recorded: aviūkas, aviniukas, avėlė, avdilé, avytlūkas, avyčiūkas, avielė, avietė. Sometimes the term "lamb" is used to distinguish the sexes, but most often one of them is used to refer to both sexes. 2.4. According to būrėir kūcē — sheep names derived from sheep’s call words —to make names of youngsters: buriuk, buriuk, burūlis, burisiūkas, kucūkas, kucūkė, kucūtė, kucūltė. In the past they were more frequent, but in recent years they are rarely recorded. Rarely, other decreasing deminutive names are used: bariuk, bartuk, baziuk, baziniuk, cibuk, gloriniuk. The southern part of Lithuania is the most rich in terms of names and variants of the name Eriukas, as well as the name Sheep: here names and their variants of non-Lithuanian origin are used in the western and eastern parts of the Lithuanian language area. From the collected data, the influence of the common Lithuanian language on dialects is evident. Usually, the dialectal variant is pushed out of usage and the common language word takes over. The names of sheep or ¢riuka, which are typical of the larger area and have no variants, are more stable. 8Sabaliauskas A. Ibid. P. 112-122. 9 pg. Atlas of the Lithuanian language. T. 1. Earth. No. 74, pp. 148-149. 95 DIE DESCRIPTIONS DES SCHAFES AND DES LAMMES IN DAY MUNDARTEN (after the Information of the Questionnaire of A. Countries "Surveys 17) Summary Im Article becomes a Overview of the Use of the Designations of Sheep and Lamb and her Distribution in Languages of the Lithuanian given. Am most is the Name avis ‘Schaf’ (in the western Part of the Flat of the Lithuanian language) and dic Derivation of the Suffixes -elé sheep (in the original Part). Zur Name of the Sheep also become Wérter from the others Roots, which mostly come from the Calling the Sheep stammen, used. Die Name of the Lames is ériukas western im and gériukas northern im and eastern Part Lithuania used. In the Mouthpieces are also other Derivatives of the Root av(in)used. Es will Conclusion drawn, since from the use the oral names are displaced and the Overhand in to a groBeren Area characteristic designation avis and geriukas gain. 96 r ‘Op e. A a p iai fra on | ) nr ži from’ 58 ku pa ae JR Vn į i ‘AANA AD AAT | Abend”, ; A Ro FY a 1349: p. by: jj ae Sat . Par i’) h 142 A “ A Av kar 2 Ad DARL ma[)o-br060 d lamb/lamb era, lamb/lamb/lamb good lamb/good lamb good /gėrėlis laviniukkas other lamb-/lamb names vėraitis buriūkas baroniūkas/baronūkas/ baronėlis fig. 2 The Lamb's Names.