Dėl priedzūkio ir jo ribų

LITHUANIAN LINGUISTICS QUESTIONS, XXXIV (1994) LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE TARMÉS AND THEIR STUDIES Kazys MORKŪNAS ON THE SUBJECT AND ITS LIMITS Kazimieras Jaunius first in the study "Lietuvių kalbos priegaidés" (1899), later —posthumously published —"Lietuvių kalbos gramatikoje" (1911—1916- ), indicating the most important Lithuanian dialects, apart from other (western and eastern) Highlands, also distinguished the middle Highlands patarme- !. Antanas Salys was the first to discuss in detail the most important features of this dialect (in his term —Middle Highlands) and its differences from Western and Eastern Highlands. From the first, the Middle Highlanders differ in the hardening of the consonant I before € (and e, ei), from the second — in the use of the vowels ą, ę (also -a, -e < *-an, *-én) and the doubles am, an, em, en (as the Western Highlanders). A. Salys quite accurately indicated the area of this subdivision? (ribbons). In the course of Lithuanian dialectology he taught at Vytautas the Great University he also added: "As elsewhere, there are places in the borders of the Middle Eastern Highlands where neighbouring features, called sporadic, break through- "*. This observation was illustrated by A. Salys with one, but perhaps the most typical example — the southern corner of the above-mentioned highland area. The southern corner of the central Highlands, having some common features with the Dzūki, A. Salys called the pra-pra-- grandson. This term is still used quite often in Lithuanian linguists' works, but its content is not understood by everyone in the same way. For example, the term "Dzhuk" is interpreted as: "a dialect of the Southern Central Highlands, which contains features of the Dzhuk dialect"*; "the area of western and middle Highland dialects, which are closely related to the Dzūkian dialects- "®; "K. Jauniaus —A. In the classification of the Lithuanian dialects of Sali, the pre-Dzukian dialect is called the part of the middle Altay dialect that is close to the Dzukian dialects in some aspects, but is not Dzukian itself (between Alytus, Balbieriškis, Jieznas, Užuguostis, Butrimoniy”®. Sometimes this (pre-Dzuuk) concept is given a more clearly undefined geographical meaning — the outskirts of the neighboring Highlands, connecting with the area of the Dzuuk dialect, etc. Drottningholms slott, Stockholm, Sweden, is the residence of the Swedish monarch. V., 1970. P. 66-68, 165. 2 Plg. Salys A. Some notes on the history of dialects //Archivum Philologicum. K., 1933. Kn. 4. P. 28-29 and a map; Sa ly s A. Raštai. Rome. 1992. Vol. 4 (Lithuanian dialects). P. 109-114 and map. 3Salys A. Raštai. T. 4. P. 113. 4 Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian Language (2nd edition). V., 1972. P. 607. In essence, this interpretation remained in the third edition of this dictionary (V., 1993, p. 598), cf.: "the dialect of the Southern Central Highlanders, having the characteristic features of the Dzūkian language- ". 5 Dictionary of the Lithuanian language. V., 1976. T. 10. P. 631. 18) Gaivenis K,Keinys S. Dictionary of colloquial terms. K., 1990. P. 84 As mentioned, A. Salys referred to the southern corner or territory of the middle highlands, “where only some of the dialectal features of the Dzūkians are manifested- *”, as the “Dzūkian dialect”. Which territory did he allocate to the Dzūki and which features of the Dzūki, "manifested" in that territory, did he consider the most important? In A. Salio lecture on Lithuanian dialectology at Vytautas the Great University, the following more important places of residence in the Priedūkis area are mentioned: Balbičriškis, Jieznas, Prienai, Punia, and in the later article "Lithuanian language dialects" — Birštonas, Darsūniškis- ." Among the characteristics that bring the dialect of the above-mentioned area closer to the Dzūkian dialect, A. Salys first pointed to the transformation of the vowels g, ę into u:, i:. However, this transformation is not consistent everywhere. For example, in Jieznė it is said grūštas ‘grateful’, but izgr's-$k ‘get out’, between Alytus and Balbieriškis —grūštas, gru-77-t'ie ‘to be grateful’, su-s"s ‘Zasis’, it is also said Ki-s'tlie ‘to dig’, ku-s'n'i-s "kasnis" next to kd-s't'(ie) ‘to dig’, ka: ‘what’, ta: ‘that’. "It is quite common here to hear saying: fi st(ie), stki's, suki., mani, tavi-~ testi, sūkės, sūkė, mang, lav (mangs, manė, tavęs, tavė)", and instead of te, tenai(s) there are many places where ti, t'i-nai(s). In various positions of the word the ¢, ę transformation u-, 7 and other isophones have been significantly clarified by later studies of the above-mentioned middle-highland and neighbouring dialects: mainly data recorded in the 1950s for the "Atlas of Lithuanian Language", dialectological expeditions of recent years, as well as the description of one other dialect in diploma works*!. Cases of transformation of vowels ą, ¢ u'/u, i'/i occur in a much larger southern corner of the middle Highlands than indicated (but only approximately) by A.Salys. According to the intensity of the tilt, this angle can be further divided into three parts (zones). 1. In various positions of the word, ą, ¢ are regularly translated u-, £* (in the unpronunciated position —wu, 1) in the Gegužinė, Kaugoniai, Palomenės, Paparčiai neighborhoods on the left bank of the Neris, bordering on one side (southeast) with the western Dzūkai, on the other side (northeast) — with the eastern Altaičiai, see Figure 1. In these areas it is pronounced: t:žalas/tižolas akmuolas", gri-stas ‘graztas’, kus'n'ėlis ‘kasnelis’, žusū' ‘Zasy’, š'vks't! "švesti", grtižimas 'cut', anu' 'ana', ta: 'ta', baltu 'white', kdr'v'i 'cow', da ris 'do', da-r'i 'do'. Dažniausiai taip tariama ir dešiniojo Neries kranto Padaigy, Ūpninkų apylinkėse, nors čia pasakoma ir d-Zulas||1i-Zulas ąžuolas", žashs “žąsis ||žūrs'lis ‘zasys’, ka-||ki-‘ka’, K'.ta||K. is it us? " Cf. the letter of A. Salis to W.R.Schmalstieg dated 11 March 1972, published in this volume of “Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimy”. 8 pg. Salys A. Raštai. T. 4. P. 113, 303. 9.5'a1 ys A. Raštai. T. 4. P. 304. i 1991 dialectological expedition of 10 students of Vilnius Pedagogical University in Žasliai area (leader —doc. D.Mikulėnienė- ), 1992 dialectological expedition of Lithuanian Language Institute in Balbieriškio area (participants: E.Grinaveckienė, L.Grumadienė, D.Mikulėnienė, K.Morkūnas, V.Pranskūnaitė, A.Vidugiris). il švenčio nyte B. Žaslių dialect. Dipl. d. (rankr.). University of California Press, 308 pp.. Dipl. d. (rankr.). Vilnius University,? On the right bank of the Neris Čiobiškio, Gėlvonų neighborhoods, which A. Salys assigned to the further south going vowels 85 2. Approximately from Naujųjų Kietaviškių (Kašiadorių r.) į g, ¢ désningo transformation 4 uw’, isophone su coincides with ky western dzj boundary (instead of č, dZ ir t, d before 4, y, į, ie Tarminium c, dz isophone). From this; isophone west in a į narrow middle highland stretch (see section 4.4). 1 Figure 1. — Pakertis kės (Kaišiadorių r.), Gripiškės, Užuguostis (Prienų r.), Mefgiskés (Trakai r.) Butriménys, Kriauniai, Punia, Žagariai (Alytaus r.) — uu", 1 instead of accent. tų ir unpronounc- ¢, ę ed word stems are pronounced incorrectly, but quite often. nai, e.g., d'žuolas, ki's'n'is/ku-s''i-s ‘last’, si-spara/su-spara *sąspara? breast, ri-slas ‘rastas’, tū*so ‘level’, Zi's'i-s 'Zasys', u'žuolė" lis, Zuolin'is u gru-§t'e-lis, ru-s'U'élis, ustu-s'itas ‘uztasytas’, Zu-s'@le-s; ¢'i-sta ‘gesta’, grii-. Za 'grecia', n'el!i-s 'nekes', s'W'i-sta'- skesta', gr'iFimas 'grezimas' ir d*žuolas kd-s'n'is/ka-s'n'i-s, kars't! ‘kasti’, gra-stas, ra-stas, $a-la, ‘Sala’, 2d-s'is, dra sumas ‘bravery’, dra*sūs ‘bravery’, br'é sta ‘bresta’, g'é-sta, gr'é: a, sk'é-sta gr'e:žimas. At the end of the word (except for past masculine singular plural nominative forms) here are usually retained ir e.g., and“ €*, ‘ana’, ta’ ‘ta’, one: kafta: ‘one-time’, white, old: 'white wall'; kū't'e* 'kate', p'£*la" ‘skin’. | 3. Even further į west of the above locations (zr. 1 Figure 1. - Darsūniškis, Kaigiadérys, Kalviai, Krdonis, Žiežmariai (Kaišiadorių r.), Bal biėriškis, Birštonas, Jičznas, Nemajūnai, Prienai (Prienų r.), Ūdrija (Alytals r.) — instead of ą, ¢ in the word root wu-, occurs very ir rarely, e.g. su'spard “sąspara' (Caesalpinia), gr'sZa ‘grezia’, gr'i- #water ‘grezimas’ ( Birstonas, Darsūniškis, Kalviai, Krūonis, Žiežmariai), sū'spara||sa"spara, gr'i-š't! ‘greiti’, gr'i-Za (Prienai), grt, Small "to bear" (Not yet). The most commonly said here is: d:Zuolas, kd-s'n'is/ka-s'n'i-s, kd-s't! sd*spara/sa"spara, gra-stas, rastas, Sala, Za-shs, br'é-sta, s'k'é: sta, gr'é:Za, gr'e-3't, st! Ke I'm not. In this section, i"/i" is mostly ę transformed according to law. only at the end of certain word forms. Iš jų the singular plural form of the masculine noun of the past participle, e.g. D'ijd-ji-s/b'ijd-jis ir ‘bijojegs’, glir'd'é it /-is ‘girdéjes’, ma-t%-s/-is ‘mates’, Aižgūlas/ -ws ‘isgulgs’, b'ijé-ji' /-i ‘bijoje’, glir'dé-ji /-i ‘girdéje’, mat: /-i ‘mate’, ziZguln-/-u ‘iSgule’. Only at the western edge of this section the forms of the mentioned participants are pronounced in two ways, e.g. b'lijd"ji", but more often buve's, jd-je* (Krūonis), jé-jis, b'ijé-ji, bun'i, ke-tn ‘kéle’ greta di-r'es, (pa)ma-t'es, rises (Ziezmariai), uzdug'is, uZdugiir (apparently, more rarely) uzdug'e*8, uzdug'e: (Balbičriškis), gūm'i“s, tur'é-jirs, j6-5i, p'ripra-tigreta of rarer n'ebleigle:s ‘unfinished’, apv'ef't'e-s (Udrija). k, Middle Highlanders (see section 4.4). works mentioned in jo footnote iš 2), in fact both with the pronunciation of the double en am, an, em, (translates um, un, im, in), as well as other features of vocalism (e.g., by reducing the vowels at the end of the word) coincide su with the eastern highlanders of the neighbouring Pabaisko, Sirvintų districts, cf. Carrot K. Phonetics of the Eastern Highlands Southern dialect // Lithuanian Linguistics. V., T.3. 1960. P.8 tt. ; Zin k eold Z. Lithuanian dialectology. V., 1966. P. 53 tt., tt., 96 Zemel. No. 1; Atlas of the Lithuanian language. T. 2 (Phonetics). V., Zemél. 1982. No. 6, 68—72. 86 The same endings of past participles (e.g. bijédaves, bijédave) should be pronounced in this way, but the forms of these participles are not written everywhere. As with the past participle forms with -1*s/-is, -i* /-i, in all three parts of the southern central Highlands the adverbs (or particles) £4-<tę (somewhere also 'i-nai/t'i-- ndi, ti"nais ‘there, there’) and š4*< šę (the latter adverb is not recorded everywhere) are used. In the southwestern edge — in the vicinity of Balbiėriškis, Prienai — t4 and t'ė* are sometimes mixed even by people from the same village (t'ė is pronounced more often by younger generations). The locals of Balbiérisky and the surrounding areas, who pronounce t" (and š4"), call their western and northwestern neighbors, who pronounce 1'ė*, t e kši. According to local people's observations: vad'i"davo:m i“ p'r'ienu“ [Prienų] pūs'e: t'eks'zis || m'ė-s daū(k) „kas sarko:m | in'_t/i-] in/t'i-nai | 0: ir p'r'ienu“ pūs'e:| in" t'ė-| in" t'enai || t'e-v'é:l'is [mano sake] | in' t'i-| Oo__ mama nuo p'r'ienu“| in' t'e-|| mama iš t'ekš'ū'|| mama nud m'é-d''v'is'u-| kun'ig'is'- k" u-[Médvisiai, Kunigiškiai — villages of the north-western part of Balbiėriškio district] || jié t'ekš'aei | za bal'b'iėr'iš'k'o“ ap'ié š'eš'is k'ilom'etrus || mafdo“sai | put'r'is’ i | rūdž'akamp'ai | zaga-r' zi [Mardosai, Putrisiai, Rūdžiakampiai, Žagariai — villages south of Balbiériškis] n’e_t'eks- 'zi || (Juozas Marčiulynas, born and living in 1920. (In the dust). kun'ig'iš'k'uos'e | vartuosė [Vartai —village in the north-western part of Balbiėriškio district] š'n'ė-ka k'it'ėp | gr'i-nai l'ietūv'iškai | t'eks'zei || (Paprūdžiai, Balbiėriškio district). This nickname has been heard and described differently by neighbours: teksiar in the vicinity of Alytus, Krėkialaukis, tėkšiai in the vicinity of Krūonis, Simnas?!*?. A. Salys also refers to the forms man'i-~ mang, tav'i-~ tavę, used instead of manės, manė, tavęs, tavė!*, which are widely heard in the prefix. However, the latter forms, the origin of which is not quite clear!”, are characteristic not only of the southern corner of the central Highlands, but of a much larger area of these Highlands, extending northward according to the eastern Highlands — Jonava, Šėta and other surroundings. It is true, that these forms are used in one place in the meaning of both the singular genitive and the final, elsewhere they denote one of those verbs, see Figure 1.1®. A. Salis, and sometimes other linguists, mention another feature of the phonetics of the Southern Central Highlands: the uo transformation wa or even va, e.g., dudda ‘gives’, dudna/dvana ‘bread’, kudlas ‘coal’, duanūk'ė-/dvanūk'ė ‘bread’, vandud/vandvd ‘water’. It can be added that instead of ie here is pronounced 13 Plg. Dictionary of the English Language. T. 15. V., 1991. P. 1134. 14 Salys A. Raštai. T. 4. P. 304. 18 pp. Zinkevičius Z. Lithuanian dialectology. P. 298-299. i | 49, For non-noun pronouns vns. of the adjectives man'į-, fav's prevalence still plg. Atlas of the Lithuanian language. 3 (Morphology). V., 1991. P. 78–79. ir No. 72—73. 87 (not all equally pronounced) iea/ia:/je, e.g. plicanas/p'ienas/piénas “milk? šičanas/šiūnas/šijėnas ‘Sienas’. However, this uo, stronger ie pronunciation is only typical of a small area — Jiezno, Užūguosčio, Nemajūnų (Prienų r.), Butrimonių, Pivašiūnų, Punids, Žagarių (Alytaus r.) the surrounding area. In all directions away from to "focal" wo, the end of ie the expansion weakens ir iš hearing more difficult to distinguish! ". 3 A. Salys pointed out one more ir common morphological feature of the southern corner of the Middle Highlands: the forms of past cartographic time) mats ‘macian’, v'ed> 1 ‘vedziaun’ (without Afrikaans for mates, vedei, mate, védé), pronoun forms bi: tau ‘biiciau’, bi-tai "was" (newer research shows that in these dialects the strong root pradés becomes a strong root, i.e. | pronounced bi-tau, be'tai'*). The plural origin of the latter forms and é-kamieniy nouns d'ė-d'u:(dē-du:) ‘dédziy’, gi-va thu snakes", which is the result of the influence of other vowels, the northwestern isomorphism some linguists | tend to consider the northwestern boundary of the prefix! ?. ir | Iš real these past participle singular first person (matbū/ mallet, vV'edbū/s'ed'eū), first person singular of the imperfect tense (n'eštau/n'eštau) ir second person (n'ėšlai/n'eštai) forms isomorphic un-tam-pa? ?. Be to, one nė iš tų (trijy) isomorphy does not include the whole middle highland southern corner, in which the past participle of the masculine singular plural forms of the past participle ir -he, -ę > -1*8/-is, -i/-i, o instead t¢ of pronounced £4. On the other hand, those isomorphisms include a lesser (matbū/mat'eū ir n'ēštau/n'eštau) ar greater (n'ėštai/n'eštai) the southeastern edge of the western Highlands, see 1 Figure 1. | The above be mentioned forms of the plural of the ne Afrikaans noun are consistently used by the Dzūki, o už jų limits the more*!. Therefore, it jų is more difficult to determine the exact northwestern isomorphism. One another to (gaid'ū ‘gaidziy’, b'it'u:/b4.t'u) type form of Dzūkijos už borders, for example, recorded in Balbiėriškio, Čišbiškio, Upninkų (C.C.) in the surrounding area. Thus, the prevalence of iš almost every discussed feature ar varies more or less, i.e. do not form completely overlapping isoglosses (isophonic, isomorphic) fiber. Nevertheless, which iš tų isoglosses as the northwestern boundary of the prefix? One of the iš most important characteristics of the vocalism of the western Dzūki, distinguishing them from the middle of their nearest neighbors (understood, ir western) highland — vowels g, ę conversion u-, 7*. Area už tų The above-mentioned su characteristics of the Dzūkijos ar north-western boundary with more abundant ir rarer relics should probably be considered a pre-Dzūkijos. Tolik * - 17 plg. Zinkevičius Z. Lithuanian dialectology. P. 86—87; Atlas of the Lithuanian language. T. 2. P. Tf-82 ir map. No. 66, 67. i Plz. two-syllable verbs Pronunciaa. tion of forms III: Atlas of the Lithuanian language. T. 2. P. 128 ir map. No. 109. | Plg. Vidugiris A. The most important southern Lietuvos Features of Panemunės dialects // The Panmunjeom Dzongs. V., 1970. P. 44—45. J 20 Plg. Atlas of the Lithuanian language. T. 2. Earth. No. 80; T. 3. Map no. 103—105 k ir p. 107—109. i 21 Plg, Lithuanian Language Atlas. T. 2. P. 95—96. i Ru Slam 88 "9483 ‘sue, 149] ‘tupw/ 1 an) upw ‘1 ‘188 ‘sua — g1 ',s2Ae1 ‘sduely, 240} ‘Qudwl "WILY USA — ZT ‘WUNISDU, 1153 U 10159 U — [1 (Neu, npysa u/nvysau — OY 'nvizpan ‘nviow [oda (RCPaa) no pao ‘(n Crow) na pw — 6 ‘asgunied oyuruipres "SŠp Ii ‘sua fnaApep fiffiureryiaa oyrep ofojnq tą (relax anxiety or) 1/4 < 5 — g ‘(NeIAI) rerpyesonuau ‘nL 3 D — 1 “1 ‘nm egsIla reisneruzep asol1zod orzpoz asolareal 3 “d — g *soja1A otynzpalid sousapip SOWIUIW OI[RS'Y — G ‘lerdlejsyne ounpla — ‘equ sulreyea fiynzp — £ ‘equi auraeyeA inreisyne M41 — g ‘equ saundi (I y [e8ed) feeds — | ‘spjnzpaiig "aed T SMA i y Ld we Ws Xx ¥ Tr on RD’ 99 Eras ora 092717 X Xk X RT Vx ri A to 29 -o us6 ow: oN SEN sz o SA m) © al (3 rd o od — 457 @ L oeėjeoa [2 “a backgrox“ und takes tas o 8 Par i 7, .0 "65 x, © 895 L ==} 9 į €l Leet er out= O) I 0at0 yyy ¢ MAAN ue’ 7 SoWIANS o R9 most prepositional edges —where the singular and plural forms of the past participle of the past participle occur with the endings -1*8/-is, -i+ /-i. 14, and "The End of the World" op. : The area of this prefix kick is larger (extends further to the north-east) than the one approximately indicated by A.Salys. However, it, as indicated by A. Salio, is almost limited to the middle highlands; of the western Highlanders only Mari. In the south-western edge of jampoles district, next to jé-jes, gir'd'ej jes, Ve, se, in some places it is also said jo-ji's, gir "dé jirs, Vi, ši (Gelčiai, „Gudėlių apyl.). The concept of adjective, of course, is not found in the new system of Lithuanian dialect classification and dialect naming. The authors of this classification, A. Girdenis and Z. Zinkevičius, primarily considering the vocalistic characteristics, distinguished three main dialects from the Altay dialect: western, southern and eastern Altay. The area of the Pridzūki region discussed above is divided into two of the following main subdivisions: the northern part (Gegužinė, Palėmenė, Žasliai) belonged to the Southern Highlanders (former Western Highlanders), and the larger southern part (Balbiériskis, Jieznas, Uzuguostis, Žiežmariai), like all other Middle Highlanders, belonged to the Western Highlanders. At the same time, this southern part (of the adverb) is typical of the Western Altai Kaunas peripheral dialect, having many transitional features of the Southern Altai dialect, while the northern part is the Southern Altai peripheral dialect with some features of the Eastern Altai Širvintos dialect (e.g., abbreviation of unpronounced long vowels). A comprehensive study of the history of this region, which led to the change in the linguistic situation, may help to better understand the formation of dialects between the Neris (lower) and Nemunas rivers, the spread of various language phenomena (isoglossy) in the future. Many of the changes in the dialects of this region have also been influenced by many factors in recent decades. In addition to all the reasons that influenced or still influence the change of Lithuanian dialects, a very important one is the fact that between Neris and Nemunas there was a fairly obvious change of population (migration) due to the construction of large power stations in Kaunas, Elektrėnai, Krūonai” (entire villages disappeared, a new large urban settlement of Elektrėnai grew up). Many of the dialectal features of this region are also disappearing due to the influence of the common Lithuanian language. Therefore, in recent years, some of the characteristics of Pritdziuky have been heard only from the older generation of local people. Priedzūkis and adjacent residential areas (see Figure 1) Places Places District Neighborhood Name of (item) No* 497 Betėgala Jonavos Kulvos 498 Sauces in Upninky 499 May in Kaišiadorys Zūbiškių 500 Mančiušėnai in Širvintų, Jonavos Gėlvonų (Širvintų r.), * Numbers and names of residential places (points) as in "Lietuvių kalbos atlaso" (V., 1977—1991. T. 1—3). The administrative subordination of each other's places of residence may be slightly changed at the moment. 90 518 519 520 521 535 536 537 538 539 540 550 Garliavos 553 554 559 556 557 Vievis 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 Ferns Traky 5716 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 Trakų 594 605 606 607 608 609 610 Butrimo612 Užūsaliai Palémene Čiobiškis Mūsninkai Pravieniškės Rumšiškės Kaišiadorys Žasliai Paparčiai Kernavė Skraūdžiai Garliava Margininkai Krūonis Žiežmariai Natijosios Kietaviskes Trakų Ąžuolų Buda Mozūriškės Išlaužas Darsūniškis Kaišiadorių Pakertiškės Kaugonys Dau girdiškės Rykantai Plūtiškės Pašlavantys Sasnava Prienai Jiéznas Uzuguostis Birštonas Margiskes Semeliškės Ketūrvalakiai Marijampolė Igliauka Naujėji Ūta Balbiėriškis Gripiškės Kaišiadorių Palomenės Nemajūnai nys Širvintų Jonavos » Kaišiadorių „ „ „ „ Vilniaus Prienų Kauno ” Kaišiadorių „ „ Marijampolės Prienų „ Kalviai „ „ » ” Marijampolės „ Prienų „ ” Vilkaviskio Marijampoles Prieny Prieny in BalbiėriškPrienų Alytaus Prienų Upninky Uzusaliy Čiobiškio Mūsninkų Rumšiškių „ Kaišiadorių Paparčių Dūkštų Skriaudžių Taūrakiemio Krūonio Žiežmarių Kietaviškių Gavaltuvos Veiverių Išlauža Vilūnų Kalvių Žiežmarių Rusakalnio Bražuolės Sasnavos Guobų Birštono Naujosios Ūtos Jiézno Lielioniy Ubiškių Semeliškių Ketūrvalakių Igliaukos Naujos Ūtos Birštono (Prienų r.), io Alytaus, Punia Butrimonių Lielionių 91 613 Aukstdvarys Traky Ubiškių 623 Vilkabaliai Vilkaviškio Rasių 624 Liudvinavas Marijampolės Meškūičių 625 Daukšiai » Gifted 626 Gelčiai P Gudeliy 627 Udrija Alytus Screaming |! 628 Kriauniai 2 Dubėnų, Luksnėnų villages 629 Sawmills » Punios 630 Pivašiūnai „ Pivašiūnų 631 Onuškis Trakų Onuškio 638 Liubavas Marijampolės Liubavo 639 Kalvarija 3 640 Zelsva 7 Liudvinavo 642 Simnas Alytaus Simno 644 Alytus Alytaus ON THE QUESTION OF THE PREDZUKISIAN AND ITS BOUNDARIES Summary The sudical part of the sublingual type of the Middle Auschwitz (it has distinguished from other Auschwitz K.Jaunius) has been called A. Saly's pre-Zukish (priedzakis). This term is often used by other linguists, but they do not always give it the same meaning. Vorzukish, according to A. Salys, is the territory (it includes settlements of Balbiériskis, 2 Ley. “m 2. “ax Birštonas, Darsūniškis, Jiéznas, Prienai, Punia), "where only some features of the jį, $s i, Dzukischen occur". Of these characteristics, he has especially noted the change of the vowels g, although not always regularlyBig) to «*, 1, e.g. gra*štas ru Stas tų,, "drill", s'k'ė*sta /s'kiūsta "sunk". More recent research has clarified the geography of this phenomenon. According to the intensity of the change of these vowels, the siid corner of the Middle Auschwitz can be divided into three zones: 1) ¢, ¢ are usually regularly transformed into u*, i* in all positions, e.g. gri‘stas, kar’wi Akk. "the cow”. This is the territory of Gegužinė, Kaugonys, Palomenė, Paparčiai (according to the new classification of Lithuanian dialects proposed by A.Girdenis, Z.Zinkevičius, this area belongs to Sūdaukštaitis); 2) Instead of ą, ¢, irregular u*, i* are pronounced, e.g. d-zuolas ”oak”, s'k'é'sta ”sunk” and *Zuolas, s'kli*sta. This phenomenon includes the following settlements: Pakertiskes, Gripiskes, Uzliguostis, Mefgiskés, Butrimonys, Kriauniai, Punia, Zagariai; 3) i* instead of e* is used only in the forms of SR) wins w ve ps ce pn | DT T. Bos pv». Partizipiums pretiriti pronounced, e.g. bijdjes, bijoję > bijo-jits- /-is, bijo*ji"/-i St.. A-... RT ”erschrocken” and tg, šę > ti“, ši" ”they, these”. The area includes Balbiériskis, Yi. Summer i sa 7 ites,: a o SE | Birštonas, Darsūniškis, Jiéznas, Kaišiadorys, Prienai, Žiežmariai (according to the new classification of dialects, the dialects of the second and third zones belong to the West Aukštaitian of Kaunas). Thus, the isophone of the participles ę > i /i should be considered as the western boundary of Pre-Zukic. A. Salys has pointed to the same phonomorphological features as Dzukian, which are used in the siid sublingual forms of Middle Austroasiatic, e.g. matbū "I saw”, bi‘tau "I was”, bū*tai "you were” (some have later held this to be the boundary of Pre-Dzukian). The isomorphs of these forms encompass different territories of the sublingual species, they do not coincide with an isophone of the change ¢, ¢ to u'/u or 1° /i. 92