„Linguistica Baltica“ ketvirtasis tomas

titute prepared grammars. The idea that in generalized statements and descriptions of so-called “eternal truths” the connection is not omitted, e.g. : Man is mortal (212). This type of sentences without a conjunction, representing Indo-European nominal sentences, have been used in Lithuanian since ancient times (4Zuolas kaitrūs mėdis; Zmogus mirtingas etc.). A new and interesting chapter is the one on coordination (229-235), which describes many cases of coordination specific to Lithuanian language. The last chapter of the book on word order (236—247) reveals the role of the relevant sentence division in the selection of various word order models, the relationship of those models with different constructions in English, and many other important matters in this field that have not been consistently discussed in this kind of grammar courses so far. In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that Terje Mathiassen’s book provides a coherent, concise and systematic description of the Lithuanian grammar system, which will be useful not only for Lithuanian language students, but also for future authors of grammar works. Vytautas Ambrazas „LINGUISTICA BALTICA“ FOURTH VOLUME We are now taking into our hands the fourth volume of the international journal of Baltic studies “Linguistica Baltica”, which was launched in Poland in 1992. This volume is special, it is dedicated to the centenary of the birth of the great Indo-Europeanist and Baltist J. Kurytowiczius. At the beginning, after a brief introduction, W Smoczynskis (pp. XI-XXV), the creator and editor of this excellent journal of Baltic studies, gives an overview of the life and scientific activities of his teacher J. Kurytowiczius. W. Skatmowski(p. XXVII-XXXII),S. Urbanczykas (p. XXXII-XXXVII), E Stawskis (p. XXXIX-XL). The biographical part is concluded with a detailed bibliography of J. Kurytowicz’s Baltic and Slavic works compiled by W. Smo czy ni s ki10 (pp. XLI-XLIX). The following are 36 articles written in English, German, French, Italian, Russian on various issues of Baltic studies, Slavic studies, and some also Indo-European studies. I am pleased to see Lithuanian linguists’ names in this volume of Linguistica Baltica (as in other volumes). First of all, Z. Zinkevičius’ article (p. 83-91) should be mentioned, in which, based on the analysis of manuscript texts written before the appearance of M. Mažvydo Catechism, the hypothesis is raised that manuscript Lithuanian writings may have existed already in the time of Mindaugas. S. Karaliūnas (p. 135-140) presents the original etymology of Amžiaus. The late V Grinaveckis (p. 145-148) associated the word kdnka „pušis“ (bird) in the Žemaičių dialect with la. kūoks „medis“ examines the pronunciation of Lithuanian prepositional verbs. Some articles by foreigners are devoted to Lithuanian studies. 256 (see section 4.4). but Linguistics 44(1), 1995, 89-90). B. Stundžia (p. 75-82) ir J. D. Ran g e (p. 93-102) discusses the use of ir aliative adhesive In the XVI. a. It is noteworthy that it allows ir investigates J. Bretkūno Bible translation: several large volumes have už already appeared, it is folding In Lithuania 1997 m. granted M. Mažvydo premija. G. Michelini (p. 103-111), continuing S. Vaišnor's "Margaritas theologicas" analysis,! examines the translation of a Latin verb phrase. R. Li hr (p. 119-130) writes about interrogative particles in ancient Lithuanian writings. E. Stankiewiczius (p. 61-73) discuss some F. de Saussure's law of functioning. F Kortlandtas (p. 141-143) considers that historically the suffixes -auti and -uoti are variants of the same suffix. G.T. Rikovas (p. 131-134) lies. galétisieja su sl. *golems "large, wide, high". W Witkowskis (p. 149-151) makes remarks about several J. Laučiūtė! the dictionary mentioned baltisms in the Gudi language. W Manczakas (p. 113-117) defends the hypothesis already raised by J. Kazlauskas*, that the form of the pronoun -č of the Lithuanian language originates from -c7au, by analogies with the Romance language. However, the data of the ancient writings and dialects of the Lithuanian language itself seem to support the idea that the form -c7a is older than -Črau,* although the origin of the formant *-#7a itself is not yet quite clear. * In some articles, broader problems of Baltic studies are also discussed. A. E r h a rt as (pp. 1-12) tries to answer the question whether the Baltic and Anatolian languages are archaic or conservative. Continuing J. Kurytowicziaus ideas, H. Bir n b a um as (p. 13-22) writes about reduced and zero degree of vowel change in Baltic languages, oT. Mathiassenas (p. 41-53) —about the eastern Baltic languages 7e. E. I. Pol om € (p. 35-40) reviews the religious terms of the Baltic languages. B. J. Darden (p. 217223) links the future of the Baltic languages with the future of the Slavic languages. H. Seldeslachts and PSwiggars (pp. 23-33) suggest that the names of tools in Baltic and Slavic languages with the suffix -£f0derive from the corresponding derivatives with *-tlo (e.g. lietuv. kaltas < *koltlo-, sl. mlats „kultas“ < moltlo-, cf. lat. marculus). However, this hypothesis poses a number of problems. First, how to explain the consonant sample #/virtimg with the consonant f? Furthermore, it should be borne in mind that the category of tool bindings itself is not very old; It probably began to form only in the very last days of the Indo-European proto-language or even after its breakup. After all, the tool name suffix *-£/0-/-tro is only a variant of the character name suffix *-fe/-/-fer. * Therefore, it is not surprising that the same verb is used in some languages to make the name of a tool with the suffix *-tlo-, and in others with the adjective suffix *-fo (see sl. m/ats and lat. marculus). Other adjective suffixes are used in the Baltic languages for the name of tools: * -/0-, *-no-, *-ro-, *-uo-° So is it not easier to continue to derive the Baltic suffix -fas from ide? * -f0-? Even in Article 4, the relationship between Baltic and Finnish is discussed. R.-P. Ritteris 257 (p. 193-198), based on the analysis of Baltisms in Finnish languages, tries to answer the question when Baltic and Finnish languages began to contact. T. K. Nilsson (p. 199—207) searches for li in the Baltic Finnish languages. /aukan type adverbmiy, 0 K. Liukkon enas (p.209-210) —construction of it has had counterparts. L. V ab a (p. 211-216) discusses the names of flowers of Baltic origin in Estonian dictionaries of the 17th century. 3 articles are dedicated to Latvian studies. A. Holvoets (p. 153-161) examines the Latvian language’s beasmen sentences. R. Derksen as (p. 163-168) investigates the origin of Latvian whims. The late V. J. Z e p a s (p. 169-172) wrote about some features of the Latgalian dialect. Articles 2 and 3 examine the relationship between Prussian and Germanic languages. W. Smoczynski (p. 173-184) believes that some of the Prussian forms can be made after the German example (see, for example, pr. acc. /abbas and German noun -acc. Gutes). Here we can only add that about the great influence of the German language on the Prussian noun system speaks also A. Rosinas in his new monograph. EF Hinz e (p. 185-192) compares the Prussian punctuation for birds with its German counterparts. E. P. Hamp as (p. 277-278), writing about alb. perėndi "emperor, lord", mentions the origin of the Baltic god name Perkūnas. Baltists could also be interested in FE. Ba de r (p. 265-276) article about the Latin s0/, related to lie. or/and. The remaining 6 articles are devoted to Slavistics. The volume concludes with J. D. R an g e's (p. 279-283) written by R. Eckert, E.-J. Butkevičiūtė, E. Hinze's book "Die baltischen Sprachen. Eine Einfūhrung“ (Leipzig-Berlin-Mūnchen: Langescheidt, Verlag Enzyklopadie, 1994)* review, PW 6 j ci k o with a comprehensive bibliography of Baltic studies works in 1994 (p. 287—313), a list of publications received by the Linguistica Baltica editors in 1995 (p. 315-318), a word index prepared by W. Sowosir M. Grzelak (p. 319-328). As can be seen from this brief one-volume review, Linguistica Baltica, alongside Baltistics, which was founded by Kazlauskas, is becoming one of the most important journals of Baltic studies, gathering linguists from various countries who write about Baltic languages. We look forward to further volumes of this magazine, which is both inside and outside excellent. Finally, it should be recalled that in the same year 1995, when the peer-reviewed volume of Linguistica Baltica was being prepared, thanks to two young and energetic Baltic scholars, P. U. Dini and N. Mikhailov, another new Baltic journal, Res Balticae, was born in Italy. Volume VI of the previously founded magazine “Ponto Baltica” was published. In addition, in 1995, in addition to the 7th Baltist Congress in Riga, a large international Baltist conference was organized by the famous Indo-Europeanist and Baltist A. Bammesberger in the southern German city of Eichstatt. Thus, the voice of the Baltists begins to resonate more and more widely around the world; let's hope that it will be sounder and stronger. Saulius Ambrazas