Kielės pavadinimai lietuvių kalbos tarmėse

LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS XXXVIII (1997) Vita PRANSKŪNAITĖ ROADS DESIGNATIONS LITHUANIAN LANGUAGES IN THE SECTIONS The name of a small, long-tailed bird (Motacilla) mostly common in Lithuanian dialects is kre/ė'. — Direct matches lie. In other Baltic languages, it has the form la. ciélava, pr. kilo. Etymologists associate this word with ide. *kėi* root verbs denoting movement (Fraenkel 1962: 251; Karulis 1992: 170-171; Sabaliauskas 1990: 149; Toporov 1980: 361-365). Other ideas. in other languages the names of this bird, corresponding to the Lithuanian Kre/ė, seem unknown. However, from a semantic point of view lies. Kre/eė can be associated with rich compound names of other languages, e.g.: Russian 7pscoryska, TDpHCOXBOcTKA, Polish trzęsiogonek, German. Bachstelze, French hochegueue, English wagtail and others, where one spot represents movement, the other — tail. In the Lithuanian dialects, only in one point is recorded the name of such a workmanship – Švytraudėgė (Musninkai, Širvintų rajonas). V. Toporov, comparing the Baltic Kre/e with other ide. in the names of languages, he thinks that a compound word with a second accent, meaning “tail”, could also exist in the Baltic languages, although reliable data for the reconstruction of such a structure is not provided (Toporov 1980: 364). The name of the language is found in the first edition of the dictionary of K. Sirvydas (about 1620), in the manuscript of the 17th century German-Lithuanian dictionary Lexicon Lithuanicum, in the dictionary of P. Ruigis (1747) and in other works and publications of lexicography from the 18th to the 19th centuries (in the dictionaries of K. Milkas, E. Kuršaitis, A. Juška, in the writings of S. Daukantas). Almost all present Lithuanian dialects have a fixed-pronounced form of the name —k7e/é (1), but in many places this word is also pronounced as (3) paradigms —creator- /creator. In many places, both forms are used for interjection, although one is usually dominant. For example, in the southern Highland area and eastern Kaunas dialects, this form is kielė, elsewhere —kielė. Only the latter form is mostly recorded in the area of universal declination (e.g., in the northern pane-! Language names, their prevalence and use in Lithuanian dialects are reviewed mainly based on data recorded according to the questionnaire “Apklausas 1” compiled by A. Salis in 1941 for researching the geography of words. These data were collected from many places in Lithuania in 1942—1943 and continued to be supplemented since 1972. The large Lithuanian Language Dictionary (LKŽ), its cartography and other sources were also used. 185 In the western part of the county, in the western part of the county. Only in the peripheral dialects of Žemaitija (Kelmė, Kuršėnai, Pagramantis, Tauragė raj., Raseiniai) the form ir su a mobile hammer. For more information on ir the language, see. 1 Figure 1, as well as LKŠV kelė 748; DrŽ 151; LzŽ 117. In some parts of the eastern Highlands (Eriskiai, Panevėžys, Smilgiai) the form of this name is used krela (LKŽ V 748). There are many deminutives in dialects: derivatives of the root kiel: kielditis, kireliūkas, kiel(iJūkė, kielūtis, kielūtis (LKŽ V 748-749), Temporary (DrZ 151), teaspoon) (LzZ 117). “The survey 1“ data is even richer: ten deminutive forms of krie/ė are recorded. Iš jų most commonly used: kieléle (occurs almost throughout the Lithuanian language (į area), cre/ika east of Šaukėnai, ir Užvenčio Šilalė, t. y. in almost the entire area of Raseiniai, in the western corner of Klaipėda region, as well as about Jonava and Kaunas), kie/ūkė (in southern Dzūkijos dialects), kre/ditė (in the southeast of the Lithuanian language), krelytė (in the eastern Highland area around Rokiškis, Zarasai, Molėtai). Rarer, occurring in all dialects, deminutive derivatives of Kre/ė: kre/ūtė, kieliūtė, kieliūtė, kieliūkas. The root of the bird name kielė is reflected in the local and personal names of the area of the dialects with this word: Kieliai (village of Širvintos district), Kielionys, Kieliskas (villages of Prienai district), Kieliškės (village of Kaišiadorių district), Kieliskiai (village of Biržai district), Kielitgala (village of Panevėžys district); Kieliskas (Prienai district lake) (Lietuvos 1963: 74; Vanagas 1970: 172); Kiela, Kield, Kielė, Kielditis, Kieliauskas, Kičlius (Lietuvių 1985: 988-989). Mostly in the Žemaičių dialect and in the adjacent western Highland Šiauliai dialects (Ariogala, Raseinių raj., Dimšiai, Lieporiai, Šiaulių raj., Stupurai, Joniškio raj.), less often in other dialects (e.g., Zapyškis, Kaunas raj.) the name kre/ė is used with /edspira. In the area of Telšiai and Šiauliai the form Jėdspira prevails (1st consonant), and in the larger part of Raseiniškiai (Kelmė, Raseiniai, Varniai, Telšių raj.) —/edspira (3rd consonant), see fig. 1, also —Vitkauskas 1976: 171. Only from somewhere else are known the €stame forms of this name: /ėdspyrė (1; Meškuičiai, Šiaulių raj.), /edspyrė (3?; Kražiai, Kelmės raj.). The form of such a trunk has been recorded by A. Juška, cf.: "the bird, which in spring first flies out to kick the ice, is called Iedspirė" (LKŽ VII 227). In many places, besides the basic form —/édspira /ledspira —the diminutive (gracious) form J/edspirikė is also written, and in the Kuršėnai area —/edspyriūkas (Vitkauskas 1976: 171). In dialects with a characteristic /édspira (/edspira), the first name of the bird is usually known as kre/e. Some respondents to Question 1 of Survey 1 indicate that ledspira is a species of keel. The origin of the name Jedspira is often explained by the people themselves: when the kiela flies, it throws out ice with its tail, and it was previously called /edspira (Kaltinėnai, Šilalės rajonas (LKZ kartoteka)). T. Ivanauskas writes about this bird: “in spring, together with the giant, the first larvals appear, often on ice, on the edges of rivers and lakes. Thus, the Samogitians correctly called the keel ledspira, because when it flies, the last ice melts.” 186 (Ivanauskas 1964: 209). Adomynėje (Kupiškio raj.) written: blue tongue flies ice, green tongue brings grass (Archived copy). Because in spring it flies with the giant su (in dialects ir called garniu), the keel has acquired a gandro friend “reputation”. Somewhere (Klampučiai, Vilkaviškio raj.) ji so-called ir gaffny — friend. It is said about heron: ją heron brings spring po with iš wings south (Daukšiai, Marijampolės raj. (LKŽ kartoteka)), gandro atveštoji (Dotnuva, Kėdainių raj.), kiela parlekia starku: su says, stark on the tail ją parneša (Eržvilkas, Jurbarko raj. (LKŽ V 748)), Soon a little bird will fly, bringing an iceberg on its tail (Archived copy). Pajevonyse (Vilkaviškio raj.) recorded the species garninė, Jiezne (Prienų raj.) — white or bushy. This comparison su with a ar gander, a possible thing, was made only for ne friendship, but for color. ir Be mentioned names, somewhere else written ir other root names: preméné (Šlapaberžė, Kėdainiai district), shepherd (Antalieptė, Zarasai district), shepherd’s daughter (Alovė, Alytus district), shepherd’s daughter (Joniškis, Molėtai district, Krosna, Lazdijai district, Plutiškės, Marijampolė district), big chicken (Dubičiai, Varėna district). In several places it is written zyle, zylėlė, but here the birds are probably confused, although in Lukošaičiai (Šiaulių district) it is written zy/ė kreliūkė. In Butrimonys (Šalčininkai district), Kamojyse (Belarus), Pliupuose (Kėdainiai district), Rodūnijoje (Belarus), Siesikuose (Ukmergės district) the name of Slavic origin pliska, pliška (cf.: brus. mricka, Polish. pliszka*) is recorded. The same root is also found in borrowed Lithuanian surnames: Pliska, Plyskaitis, Pliskauskas, Pliskévicius, Pliskus, Pliška, Pliškaitis, Pliškauskas (Lietuvių 1985: 477—478), cf.: brus. IVDricka, IDricko, IUrickeBnu, lenk. Pliska, Pliska. T. Ivanauskas writes that only two species of moth are found in Lithuania: the white or žildji moth, also called /édspira (Motacilla alba) and the yellow moth or band moth (Motacilla flava). However, if we believe the data of the questionnaire “Apklausas 1”, written from Lithuanian dialects, we would count more than twenty kinds. It is “sorted” in various ways. According to the location of the nest, the following types of keel are distinguished: ka/nū, stoginé, balų, vandensinė, medžiųinė, arimų. In Vilkabaliai (Vilkaviškis district) and Kalvarija (Marijampolė district) it is written: jumps over the ploughs, therefore it is said that he ploughs it. Pagal spalvą skiriama baltoji arba busilinė (baltūkė), geltonoji (geltonūkė), pilkoji (pilkūtė), mėlynoji (mesivėji, mėlynūkė, mėlynūtė), žiloji (žilūkė, žylė, žylaitė), žebroji, sidabrinė, šėmoji, širmoji, juodoji. In some cases, the species specifies the color of a particular body part or the nature of the coloration: yellow-billed, red-bellied, yellow-tailed, white-tailed, white-mouthed, white-tailed, yellow-spotted, blue-spotted, marbled. From some names it can be seen that the kelpie likes the neighborhood of cattle, 2 For the etymology of this Slavic word, see ® ac Me p M. BruMo/rorkgeckHė croBaps pycckoro 43BIKa 3, Mocksa: 1971, 283. 187 on herds: karvakielé, herd language, bandkiele, kumelkieliké. It is difficult to tell about the distribution of the kinds of keeles in dialects, because the mentioned keeles are written in different iš places of the Lithuanian language area. The exception is the herd kiele or baridkielė, known only to the northern Zemgalės. Less common species are listed: In the High Court (Panevėžys district) ir In Šilutė (Panevėžys district) — Širmoji, in Sintautai (Scottish Highlands). — „sšėmoji, in Vilkaviškis — silver. The most commonly used names are the iš following. In some places, the keel is still divided into domestic į wild: ir /grey -— sheep, domestic — yellow (Brown, 1999, pp. 100). Ne all survey respondents distinguish the types of tongues. Constantly seeing the tongue spinning around his house, barns, cattle, observing its behavior, a person often compares himself to it: here su ko She's soggy like a tongue (don't give me rest) (LKŽ V 748); burchia like a kill before the rain (LKŽ file); you don't hold your tail like a snake (Kazlų Rūda Rūda). With regard to the minority of the ir language, the thinness, about a thin, thin man it is said: fai already a very thin man, if pūro oats does not nė bring (a) (LKŽ V 748); about a man with thin legs — (LKŽ V 748); about a thin girl kielarūrė — (LKZ kartoteka), o in Pilviškiai (Vilkaviškio raj.) even ir cursing: mat jį tongue (LKŽ V 748)! In the manuals written — iš superstition of the behavior of the tongue can predict misfortune: If you meet where a bird kills, you have to say "kiela viks, vadegėlą kvips". Į every side will draw a tail, iš there out disaster (Archived copy). Comparison 1942-43 m. answers in su the newer, written in po 1972 Summarizing ir the data presented here, several conclusions can be drawn. The most common names in Lithuanian are kre/ė and /edspira. In many places, the respondents to Question 1 did not specify whether /edspira is used as the name of the bird’s tongue or only as a species. Due to some gaps in the questionnaires completed since 1972, it is difficult to trace the evolution of these two synonymous names in the same dialect area (from many places there are no answers at all). But even from these rather fragmentary data it is clear that the common language name k7e/é used throughout the dialectal area displaces /edspira from the usage. After 1972, the ledspiral was recorded only in six points: in the eastern and southeastern outskirts of Telšiai (Vegeriai, Raudėnai, Luokė) and in one point of Varniai (Ginteniai), adjacent to this area. But, as mentioned, recent data are not complete. Of the rarer names, the premenvariants of the root used in southern Lithuania are mentioned, but they are also almost displaced by Kkse/és. In recent years, the shepherd’s lady has been recorded in one single point — in Alytus district, Alovė. DrŽ: Naktinienė G., Paulauskienė A, Vitkauskas V. Dictionary of Druskininkai dialect, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1988. Fraenkel E. 1962: Lithuanian etymological dictionary, Heidelberg-Gėttingen: Carl Winter. Universitätsverlag. IR 188 Ivanauskas T 1964: Birds of Lithuania 3, Vilnius: A thought. Karulis K. 1992: Latvian etymology dictionary 1, Riga: Source. Lithuanian 1985: Vanagas A, Maciejauskienė V, Razmukaitė M. Lithuanian Surnames Dictionary, Vilnius: Science. Lietuvos 1963: Lietuvos List of rivers of ir the TSR, Vilnius: State Publication ir of Political Science Literature. Lietuvos 1976: Lietuvos TSR administracinio-teritorinio suskirstymo žinynas 2, Vilnius: A thought. LKŽ V. VII: Dictionary of Lithuanian Language 5, Vilnius: State Political and Scientific Literature Publishers, 1999. 1959; 7: 1985. (in 1966. Lithuanian) Mintis, LzŽ: Petrauskas J, Vidugiris A. Lazūnų tarmės žodynas, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1985. Sabaliauskas A. 1990: Lithuanian language interlinguistics, Vilnius: Mokslas. Toporov 1980: Tonopos B. H. /Zpycckuiū sseix. Crosaps. H-K, Mocksa: V3uarenberBo ‘Hayxa’. Vanagas A. 1970: Hydronyms of the Lithuanian SSR, Vilnius: Mintis. Vitkauskas V. 1976: Northeastern mudworkers' dialects, Vilnius: Mokslas. DIE BEZEICHNUNG DER BACHSTELZE (LIT. KIELE) IN DEN LITAUISCHEN MUNDARTEN Zusammenfassung Fiir das Végelchen kielė (Bachstelze) mit dem langen beweglichen Schwanz ist in den litauischen Dialekten am weitesten die Bezeichnung kze/e verbreitet. In the greater part of the Lithuanian language area this word has a fixed accent lit. kfe/ė (1). However, in many places, especially in southeastern Lithuania, this word has a changing accent within its pradigm, cf. kielė. In the Zemaitic dialects and the neighbouring dialects in the Šiauliai area, in addition to lit. kielé, the terms lit. /édspira/- ledspira are also used. In addition to these names, there are also derivatives from other roots: derivatives from lit. piemens and names of Slavic origin: pliska, pliska. There are many names for the kielé species in the mouths, which are based on the color or colourfulness of the plumage, on the place where this bird lives or on its nest. The comparison of the answers collected by Antanas Salys in 1942-43 to the questions contained in the sheet,, Apklausas 1“ /“Survey 1“ with the newer answers recorded in 1972, shows that in the whole dialectal space the word kre/ė used in common language displaces all previous names of this bird. 189