Istorinis lietuvių kalbos žodynas ir senųjų raštų kompiuterizavimas

LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS XXXIX (1998) Saulius AMBRAZAS, Ona ALEKNAVIČIENĖ, Vytautas ZINKEVIČIUS Lithuanian Language Institute, Vilnius HISTORICAL LITHUANIAN THE LANGUAGE GLOSSARY IR OLD RASTU COMPUTERIZATION A historical dictionary of Lithuanian language is an old dream of linguists. Dar at the a. end of XIX A. Bezzenberger in his work Beitrūge zur History of Lithuania He (1877) published a dictionary of ancient Lithuanian writings. Later the iš material of many ancient writings for his vocabulary collected K. Booga. Po to šį work continued by other great Dictionary of the English Language. But, unfortune nately, all the words of the ancient scriptures have fallen into į šį the dictionary. Historical dictionary to take intended A. Country (Zinkevičius Z. 1992: 308-309), but ruthless death interrupted tą the work. In the post-war years, a whole series of indexes and dictionaries of ancient writings appeared. The greatest respect here deserves Cz. Kudzinowskis, parengęs S. B. Chylinski's New Testament Translation (1964) ir M. Daukšos Postile (1977) words indexes. The following J. Lebesgue (1958), J. Kruopo (1970), J. cod fish (1964), Works by V. Žulis (1970), J. Palionis (1967; 1983; 1995), K. Pakalkas (1979; 1997), K. Morkūnas (1980), V. Drotvinas (1987; 1995-1997), A. Jakulis (1995), D. Urbas (1996), A. Girdenis and D. Girdenienė (1997). Vilnius University has a considerable number of diploma works devoted to the lexicon of M. Mažvydas, B. Vilentas, J. Bretkūnas, S. M. Slavočinskis and some other ancient writings. They were mostly led by V. Urbutis and J. Palionis. All this could be used for a historical dictionary of Lithuanian language, which was decided to start more than ten years ago in a wide consultation in the still common Lithuanian Language and Literature Institute. Afterwards, a special archive was set up for this purpose in the Department of Language History and Dialectology, mainly on the initiative of K. Morkūnas. With the winds of the Revival, Western computers and new technologies came to Lithuania. It was discussed how all this should be applied in preparing a historical dictionary of Lithuanian language. Such considerations were particularly encouraged by the great computerization enthusiast G. Subačius, whose new ideas and works, especially the compilation and publication of the S. Dau':anto dictionary (1993—1996- ), were especially encouraged. A great contribution to this was made by the Little Catechism of H. J. Lysius (1993), prepared by P. U. Dini and printed in Lithuania, in which the index of Lithuanian words is not made up of cards, as was done before, but by computer. In addition, at the same time, A. Vanagas initiated the computerization of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language Dictionary, and began the preparation of the Contemporary Lithuanian Written Language Frequency Dictionary (compiled by L. Grumadienė and V. Žilinskienė), the first volume of which appeared in 2000. 1997 m. 192 All this formed a fertile ground 1995 m. Lithuanian Language Institute In the Department of Language ir History and Dialectology, a group of people decided to start computerizing ancient Lithuanian writings. From 1996 m. šį work is funded by the State Lithuanian Language Commission Lietuvos Republics Seimas under ‘Lietuvos Education in the use of the state ir language of the Republic 1996-2005 m. programme’. Iš initially this group, be S. Ambrazo (group leader), composed O. Aleknavičienė, M. Lučinskienė ir R. Petkovic. They computerized J. Bretkūno Postilės both parts, B. Vilento The Gospels and Epistle to the Enchiridion ir J. The Gospels of Jaknavičius 1647 m. authorization. Soon the į work engaged V. Zinkevičius, on whose shoulders falls the entire burden of creating the computer programs needed to study the ancient writings. J. Karaceus į brought this group with his prepared Wolfenbüttel Postle (1995) ir K. Lukausko The sermons (1996), are also compiled by computer. Gradually, the computerization of old writings jumped The boundaries of the department of language history and dialectology and now acquire an increasingly broader scope. Antai PhD student, Department of Grammar G. Knight has collected M. Mažvydo Catechism, Form of Baptism and St. John's Hymn. Ambrose. The remaining writings of M. Mažvydas, as well as J. Bretkūnas’s Cantional, the Duchaunas Collection and Hymns, and the 1705 edition of J. Jaknavičius’s Gospels were collected by students A. Cicėnaitė, I. Krampaitė and I. Pilipaitė. At Vytautas the Great University, V. Vasiliauskienė took up K. Sirvydo Points Sayings (the first part has already been compiled- ). Some researchers from Vilnius Pedagogical University and Klaipėda University also promise to contribute to the computerization of old texts. A. Stanislovaitienė, head of the publishing house of the Lithuanian Language Institute, prepares computer fonts for the ancient scripts. For each of the authors of the ancient scripts, separate alphabets are created. In addition, A. Stanislovaitienė together with G. Kavaliūnaitė prepared a program for the 1958 J. Otrębskio and Cz. Kudzinowski published S. B. Chylinski’s New Testament translation to be scanned. We are particularly pleased that the renowned German scholar J. D. Range, who is doing a huge job: publishing and thoroughly studying the translation of J. Bretkūno Bible, has agreed to cooperate with us. Photocopies of the New Testament and some Old Testament books have already been published, as well as the excellent monograph Bausteine zur Bretke-- Forschung (1992), and we hope that the deciphered text of J. Bretkūn- ’s New Testament with numerous commentaries will soon be published. In 1997, J. D. Ranga was awarded the Mažvydas Prize for all these works, which are of particular importance for Lithuanian studies and are universally recognized. On January 10, 1997, a special agreement was signed between the Lithuanian Language Institute and the Institute of Baltic Studies of the University of Greifswald for the research of 16th-17th-century Lithuanian scripts and the creation of a computerized database. The critical edition of the Luther Bible (12 volumes) received in 1998 through the care of J. D. Rangė and the German Embassy will be a great help in the study of our ancient writings. This is a very valuable gift of the Federal Republic of Germany to the Lithuanian Language Institute. M. Lučinskienė also presented the computerization program of Lithuanian ancient scripts at an international conference in Sofia, dedicated to the 193 (especially Slavic) computerization issues (1997: 23-24). Thus, our program is gradually gaining an international sound. How is the computerization of the old manuscripts planned? Iš indexes of individual words in ancient scripts will be compiled. They will be prepared in four main stages (see section 4.4). 1 Figure 1. ). First, the text itself is collected by computer or scanned by a scanner in authentic spelling. As we know, many of the old writings are collective works of several authors. — jų Sometimes one part of the text is a translation, the other is an original o compilation. ar All this is to be specified when the text is drafted. Therefore, it is usually iš necessary to perform some textological analysis at the beginning, if it has not ji been done before. Antai Z. Zinkevičius (1971: 153-167) has established that J. in the Gospels edition published by Jaknavičius me 7 last The Gospels are translated ne J. Jaknavičius, o another person who has not yet been identified. Therefore, when compiling the text, the latter are marked in a certain way to distinguish them from the main text attributed J. to Jaknavičius. Even more complicated J. Bretkūn Postila structure. Iš O. The primary (1998) textological analysis by Aleknavičienė shows that the J. Bretkūno Post-it® je part of printed pericops may be taken iš B. Vilento The Gospels and Epistles, but one of them —"Kosanis" may be from his Enchiridion, and another —Mt added by himself 3,13-17 J. Brett. The two prayers at the end of the first volume are probably reprinted from M. Mažvydas’s Christian Songs (I d.). It is quite possible that the "Passions" are a compilation rather than a compilation like Bretkūnas' sermons themselves, but their original has not yet been established. These textological data of J. Bretkūnas Postila enter the computer bank of ancient writings in two ways: a) when collecting, certain special signs (corners " ') are used to mark both the passages themselves and their quotations in the sermon text (see Figure 2); b) the remaining textological information is presented to the computer programmatically, i.e. other distinctive parts of J. Bretkūno Postila are indicated by pages and lines in the computer program itself, which will then analyze the collected text. The textological information of B. Vilentas Enchiridion is also presented programmatically — by pages it is divided into the following parts: 1) text translated from M. Luther Enchiridion; 2) B. Vilento also translated his supplements “Wenc3awoghima Knigeles”,,,Chrik[chtima Knigeles” and “Palpalitas budas Spawedies”; 3) the chapter “Short Clapping and Precognition” associated with M. Mažvydas’ name; 4) the first 4 pages, collected from E. Bechtel’s 1882 edition of Wilens Enchiridion, since these pages are missing from the defective Vilnius University Library copy. In the second stage of the work, the computer itself, according to a special program, makes concordances of word forms, i.e. it arranges the word forms of the whole text in alphabetical order, indicating their place in the text (volume, page, line) and providing the text passage where they are used. Textological information recorded in the first stage of the work is also reflected here. 194 Antai J. Forms marked with an asterisk in the Jaknavičius Gospel (*) Concordance iš ne J. Translations by Jaknavičius Gospels (see section 4.4). 3 Figure 1. ). J. In Bretkūnas Postilas concordance, certain conventional signs indicate which word form is a peripathic one taken from iš iš B. Vilento The Gospels and Epistles (V) ir Enchiridion (k), which itself iš J. Bretkūno added perikope Mt 3,13-17 (0), also of prayers iš (m) ir "Passion" (#). Words in the form iš of sermons have no sign (see section 4.4). 4 Figure 1. ir 2 slow. ). This will later be reflected ir in the index of words ir very useful for further research J. Bretkūno The Postile Language. Whereas: B. Vilento Gospels and The Epistles are Compared su J. Bretkūno Postilės perikopėmis, these are the forms marked in this concordance = iš tų B. Vilento The Gospels, which are ir J. In Bretkūno Postilas, # the grille also marks the forms iš Passion o fruit, shaped iš tų Bible passages that are not J. Bretkūno In the postilla, be there is no sign (see section 4.4). 5 Figure 1. ir 2 slow. ). At the moment there are already prepared J. Bretkūno Postilės, B. Vilnius to The Gospels and Epistles, Enchiridion, J. Jaknavičius 1647 m. Gospels ir K. The Concordance of Luke. A complete system of computer programs has been developed for the preparation of word forms concordances (see section 4.4). Zinkevičius V. 1996: 36-37). The computer ją first reads and analyzes the text of the ancient writings and creates special computer data files (files) into which it writes the word forms found in the text and records information about the place of each word form in the text (volume, page, line number, word form number in the line, byte number of the text file from which this form begins), as well as the textological references mentioned and difficult to read letters, unclear forms and other data marked during the compilation of the text (whether the form has been moved from one line to another, or it has the prefix ne, which the authors of ancient writings often write separately from the base word, etc.). These computerized files of word forms of ancient scripts, together with the text files of ancient scripts, are the cornerstones of a huge computerized bank of ancient scripts. When analyzing the text, the computer also performs some control of the text: it reports the detection of an unknown character, incorrect page numbering, too long words, lines, etc. After reading, analyzing and, if necessary, correcting the text, he, based on all the information accumulated in the computer bank being created, arranges the word forms according to the alphabet along with metrics, conventional signs and context and prints the concordance. The computer program system for all the work mentioned here consists of several dozen software modules. For example, J. Bretkūno Postila alone has been processed by a system of about 30 software modules, and it contains over 30,000 lines written in the C++ programming language. Since the characters, line lengths, page sizes, numbering, textological and other comments, which the computer must mark when reading the text, are not the same in different ancient scripts, separate modifications of the software module system are created for each text. 195 In order for the above-mentioned computer programs to work properly, it is particularly important that the special characters (fonts) and codes used in ir compiling texts for creating concordances are understood equally. ir jų The Lithuanian Language Institute has already established a certain system of signs. 1 the table shows the characters that the editor selected šo when selecting 1 text: table. Special signs, inserted by the editors į of collected texts of ancient writings' Sign | Code Feature - 045 Iš separated page numbers on both sides. 092 The numbering of pages is distinguished in those old manuscripts where ,,-“ the sign is ne used only as a lift mark, but as a dash in the text. ir { 0123 Inserts a letter before the indefinite letter in the text. ) 0125 Inserts ambiguous po letters in the text. | 091 To be inserted in the text before the letter reconstructed by the drafter. ] 093 Inserted after the letter reconstructed by the author. < 060 In the text, marks the beginning of the author's comment. > 062 In the text marks the end of the author's comment. i 0245 In the text, indicates the beginning of a quotation. 3 0250 In text, indicates the end of a quotation. < 043 Bon, when the text does not have a lift mark, but it should be. A number of special signs have been chosen to convey textological information in concordances. They are recorded by the computer itself after the word-form metric: ! We would like to draw the attention of future helpers and collaborators to the fact that in order to cooperate fruitfully, we should collect and process old writings according to a similar system. Then we will be able to exchange collected or scanned texts and analyze them according to our needs without additional preparation and processing, in other words, we will understand any text “at a glance”. 196 2 Table 1. Special charactepo rs in word forms metrics* Sign | Code Function 0 0224 Word Form iš J. Added in Bretkūno Postilas Word Mt 3,13-17. k 0107 form iš J. Bretkūno Postilas perikopes, which is ir B. Vilento Enchiridion. m 0109 Form of the word iš J. Prayers in the Bretkūno Postilas. V 0209 Form of the word iš J. Bretkūno Postilas perikopes, which is ir B. Vilento In the Gospels and Epistolose. # 035 Form of the word iš J. Bretkūno Postiléje ir B. Vilento In the Gospels and The "Passion" in the Epistles. oo 0165 Form of the word iš B. Vilento The Gospels and The same is true for the bridges in the borough of Brixton. T 0194 Word form of iš the first 4 B. Pages collected by Wilens Enchiridion iš F. Bechtel 1882 m. transfer B. Vilento Enchiridion. Q 0234 Word form from B. Wilens Enchiridion chapter "Wenc3awoghima Knigeles". + 043 Word form from B. Vilentas Enchiridion’s chapter,,Chrik[chtima Knigeles“. 5 0235 Word form from B. Wilens Enchiridion's chapter "Irumpas klafimas...". n 0239 Word form from B. Wilens Enchiridion's chapter "Palpalitas budas Spawedies". * 042 Word form from Gospels not translated by J. Jaknavičius (1647). The characters in Table 22 are taken from the fonty set MS LineDraw*. These signs already have defined functions in our concordances and should not be used for other functions. 197 Another group of signs used in concordances helps the researcher to quickly find the form in the context, see the beginning and end of the line of the text of ancient writings, as well as the sequence number of the title word. ir These signs ir jų codes are given in the 3 table*: Table. 3 Special characters in word form contexts Sign | Code Function i 0222 Indicates the form of a word in a sentence (to make it easier to spot). || 0186 Marks the end of a line of text in ancient scripts. » 0175 Runs the po sequence number of the context before the heading word. Computerization of ancient writings according to a certain common system is necessary because the dictionary of ancient writings is to be prepared based on computerized texts and their indexes. Therefore, efforts are already being made not to use these special signs for other functions and not to use their codes for newly created signs. Our concordances are of two most important types: 1) pure concordances (see their fragments in Figures 3-5), intended to study the forms of words in ancient scripts from various points of view (for this purpose, reverse lists of them are prepared according to the last letter of the word form, see Figure 9), and 2) concordances with a 0 printed in the second line and a repeat of the original form (see Figure 6). It is with the second type of concordances that we usually work in the third stage. The researcher first determines the grammatical and lexical meaning of the word from the context presented next to the word form. Then, in the second line of the concordance, instead of repeating the original form, he restores the basic heading form of the word in the current spelling (the verb — the general, the noun — the singular noun); where appropriate, in parentheses, the lexical meaning of the word (or the original for translations) and characterizes the form by means of abbreviations (see list in Figure 7). In the concordance, the successive forms having the same grammatical and lexical meaning and the same graphic form are sufficiently described once, but instead of O, a number is written, showing how many times such a form has been used. Tada * We would like to draw the attention of those who create computer fonts for ancient scripts to table 3. These three code positions should be left empty, i.e. they should not be assigned to the letters of ancient scripts and other symbols used in the text by the author. 198 the computer will know for how many of its po forms this description is valid. Thanks to special software, reading these word forms concordances with descriptions, it will supplement the information recorded in the computer bank about each word form of ancient su writings. ją They will be used in future searches. ti The computer also performs some control of word form descriptions: it warns if it detects an unclosed parenthesis in the word meaning description, an unknown abbreviation written several po times in the same word form description by accident. Since the computer ar analyzes only those lines, in which some number is recorded instead, it is possible to describe all, only some forms of words of interest to the researcher to submit them to the computer for processing, later to fill the concordance with new descriptions. 0 iš ne o ir 0 O. Aleknavičienė has described some of the letter-beginning names as a follows: J. Bretkūno Postillary word forms (see section 4.4). 8 Figure 1. ). This stage of work will take the most time. Antai J. Bretkūno Postilin contains: 133 895 word forms, B. Vilento In the Gospels and Epistolose — 31 610, jo Enchiridion — 8 954, J. Jaknavičiaus In the Gospels (1647) — 15 455, K. Lukausko In the sermons — 109 044 forms of words. The researcher will have to determine the jų grammatical and lexical meaning of each (original translated text) with abbreviations ir to ir characterize them. Here are mentioned only the numbers of the five now prepared concordances, but there are many others of smaller extent ne ir XVI-XVII a. monuments of Lithuanian language. In the fourth stage of the work, based on the į information stored in the computer bank, the computer will sort the words alphabetically, determine their frequency of use and list all the forms found in the text, i.e. essentially it will prepare the word index of the text itself. It provides not only the forms of words, but also the meanings of rare or historically important words with examples, as well as translations and their originals. Of course, this part of the work will have to be done by the researcher himself, but the computer will provide all the necessary information according to the meanings of the words (or originals) recorded in the third stage of work and the examples contained in the concordance. Along with the word indexes, it is intended to publish extensive lexical or other linguistic studies of individual monuments of the ancient Lithuanian language, which can be defended as doctoral theses, and to prepare scientific editions of some particularly rare ancient writings. In the future, the indexing of words in individual texts will make it possible to write dictionaries of 16th-17th century, and later 18th and 19th century writings without large repositories. On the other hand, we plan to supplement the computer bank of ancient writings with extensive information search systems, i.e. to make it possible for any researcher to find the data necessary for his work on the use of individual words or their forms in ancient writings using a computer and not to have to read them all himself in each case and compile a repository, as was the case until now. Already some specialists in lexis, morphology, syntax and even cultural history are interested in our concordances. They would be useful for filling in the Great Dictionary of Lithuanian Language, preparing its new edition. 199 As this brief iš review shows, we are standing at the very ir beginning of a great long road, our forces o are not great. As said in one of the Postilae sermons J. Bretkūnas, Piuwe ira dide | O maf; operational (II 62,8). So we invite everyone who studies ancient writings to join us, we ask for advice, especially with old texts recorded on computer disks and computer ir programs to į contribute to this common cause. Only with the combined efforts of all we will be able to gradually climb the į beautiful ir peak long painted in the dreams of many, which we will call the historical dictionary of Lithuanian language by some other ar name. Our address is: Lithuanian Language Institute, Antakalnio 6, 2055 Vilnius; fax (370 2) 226573; e-mail: [email protected]. ; [email protected]; [email protected]. 1 Figure General scheme of computerization of old scripts word indexes ir stage Contractual signs: beginning stages of work I ; = į [| 1 ; į | Computer PERTTI Irish The text of the old scriptures is moved į Find ir i 3 future work computer media analyzes L.---. 'in stage Old writings computer bank places in text computer jų and other i i; information) works solely | Ee == computer text of ancient scripts (dominated by himself a specialist of word forms, works / ~ Ro data on a “ T m computerized medium i | pp xT T i i data i i on paper P ii | US) ' | II continuation of stage ; i i The computer cycles according to stage III t stage IV i! alphabetically ordered old letters Co i Created vg) word forms in the context The su researcher describes ji Sunany sony writings, (concordances) word forms | word indexes ot Aro nerd; r || 200 LOT Figure 8 The word form described in Jon Bretkūnas Postilés concordance (fragment with the word alga) alga BP1107,8 m tas darbas [ekal[i/Ir|- koke ghis palkui nūg Diewo gauna Jalga.|Ant Pirmo.|Ape Kitrifta Karaliaus Herodo.|- HErodas »1789 3 alga (atpildas) s f sg a alga BPI112,8 elnikams- /dūs am=||ina ifchganima.||Ant Treczio.|- |Ape Jalga tho [markiniko Herodo.||- POnas Diewas teifufis fudzia » 1790 alga alga 0 BP1208,17 spiktuiu kencs||tarp geruiu.||- Ant Penkto. Ape pagaliaufe [falga teip geruiu /||kaip piktuiu.|- Ant Pirma.|Kaip iffimana 0 [5 »1791 alga Salary BPI215,2 But Diewui ral kalchifdikem.|-215- -|Ant Schefchto.|| JAlga teip geruiu kaip piktuiu.|- KAc3ei pikti fmones [u geris ikki »1792 1 salary (reward) s f sg n salary BP1229,17V wa [cheforaulp /pawa=||- dink darbinikus /ir ufmokek ghiems [salary /|pradeies nog pafkucziaufiu /iki pirmmuiu.||-230-|| »1793 6 salary (wages) s f sg a salary BP I235,25 ieb anis io butu darbinikais alba Bafznic3e /||but ghis and Jalga iemus gera ufymeka. O ne del dar=|bu /bet ifch [awa Ge »1794 alga alga BP1236,13 [chilfai wiena]tiktai hadina dirbens /tacziau pilna atim [alga /bet|lifch Geribes pone. So we only ifchwienos »1795 0 0 alga alga BP1242,12 ilte [chwentuiu /kurei ghis bei [cheme [wiete ge=|ra dūft Jalga ir aname [wiete amfina ifchganima /|Bet ne iu dar » 1796 alga alga BP1375,19# ira |Ir [ulfikalbeie nupirka ufsu tus 0 [idabrinikus /Jufsu Jalga neteilibes /dirwa podsiaus ant [chwenta=|[riaus pilgrin »1797 alga alga BP II 164,20 m tokie|negeri kolnadieiei/[wieto lobi /atimda0 mi nūg iti Jalgaldide /0 ana ne gerai nei tikrai mokindami. Beddallium »1798 0 salaries salaries BPII241,14 loia iemus /[Newienam newalios ir netiefos ne dariket /ir falgallawa palfikakdinkite.|- Teipo Schwentas Ianas fmones i » 1799 1 salaries s f sg i salaries BP II 241,24 [fi fmones buk giwi buk numirre [ulfieiti /ir taddalkofsna Jalga atgaufenti /kaip [cheme [wicte budams|- bus giwenens »1800 3 salaries s f sg a salaries BPI124221 [nu ant galo mokinkimes /kake ghif[ai ira palkui ga=|wens [alga ir Smerti.|- Ape gala ir [merti [cho Schwento ir brang »1801 salaries BP II 243(259),21 rik[chtitoghi Sunaus||- Diewo /ufgu [awa geradeghifte /pikta [alga /ir biauru|fmerti [chicje ant femes 0 gawuli. Bet » 1802 80€ Figure 9 Baltramiejaus Vilento Enchiridion reverse word forms concordance fragment palfifeminima nuliminima atminima atminima atminima atminima palligerinima paltiprinima paltiprinima paltiprinima palchwentinima palchlowinima ilchpafsinima ilchpafsinima palifsinima patepima gerima gerima perima Sutwerima Iftatima Chrikfchtima E 44,2 E 24.16 E339 E 33.17 E 68,155 E 68,215 E 75.19n E 67,235 E 69,23-245 E 75,17-18n E 46.23Q E 53,20-21Q E 30,2 E3211 E37 E 51,16Q E 32,21 E 34,15 E 60.13 + E 16,18 E 9.8 5,1+ to give buket to the Elders/and [[show in that [pal[ifeminima/Nęfa Diewas|great ones/»615 mulullnepriegautu /ir neifchweltu ing neintikieghima /|| fnufiminima /ir ing kitas didysis giedas ir bluf=|nimus /»616 vich nus būs ifchdiitas.|Thus do on my Jatminima. [Schitiigi budu eme Kilika po We=|lc3eres /dekawoia i »617 ku /Tatai dariket /kaip dafsnaillgerfit ant mano fatminima.|Koki¢ nauda daro toklai walgimas ir gerimas?||Atfak »618 vich ius bus ifchditas. 619 Thus do ye on me{a}|| |atminima.||Schitū budu eme Knlika po wecseres /de=|kawoia /»619 Thus do ye /as dafsnai ger=||lite /ant mana /fJatminima.|- Ketwirtas Klaufimas.|Sakik man kam tu nmi tą [3en »620 =|Irinima mana [ilpnoles wieros bei [a=|fsines/ir deel [palligerinima [u||pagalba Diewa manalghriekingoia jiwa= »621 [fen=|kla bei te[tamenta ing atleidima mana ghricku /|| fpaftiprinima mana wiero ir ant ifchganimaljmana dufchia »622 [odije ir Sacramentellielchkau atleidima ghrieku mana /[paltiprini=|-- 70-|ma wieros mana: Bei todelei alch n »623 padelti taw?||Atlakimas.| Dal atleidima mana ghrieku /deel [paltip=|rinima mana [ilpnofes wieru /a=||sines /i »624 ik [cholei Minifchai ir minilchkas y|[Klo[chtoriu jeidami [fpafchwentinima prijmla=|jwa /labai dide c3efti prida »625 Kas moteri faw randa /tas randa gie=||ra daikta /ir gaus Jpalchlo=|winima nig|Diewa.|-54- -|Potam teiflchties ra »626 Palchlowintas mielas Kunige /pralchau|tawe /idant [ifchpafsinima mana paklaufitumbei /|lir atleidima ghrieku »627 irwierofp atwe[ti. That teltow so much proof was|das Jifchpafsinima ghrieku laikitas dal pra=|tuiu.|Sacramenta »628 ghrieku iefchkoti /nenfifchdumoti/ir tū muka ifch [Jpalifsinima dariti.|Bet pafsink wiena alba du ghrieku /kuri »629 pats [chlowng draugilte pagatawitu /|neturinc3e newiena [patepima/alba raukf(chla /Jalba ko kita /Bet idant butu »630 dino ir vine /mums||Chrik- (c3ionims ant walgima ir gerima /niigllpaties Chriltaus iftatitas.|Kur apie tatai paraf »631 Kurie fod3ei jra prieg kunifchka walgimalir Jgerima kaip galwos dalis Sacramenta /a=||kurs tiems jodzems tik »632 ghillai amf3inaghi perfsegnoghima to danguie=|lioia Įperima gautu ir apfsadetaje karalifta ta=|wa dowanos aptu »633 pralcziaulen tur mokinti.|[Pirmas Sanaris /apie] JSutwerima.- |[Tikiu ing Diewa Tiewa wilfa=|galintighi Daritoghi D »634 jem Sacramenta Duets. Yellow isn't here. Jiftatima paftatiti /|as Papicfsus give. If[akik tiektai ir p »635 Iefu Encrypt Wielchpa=||ti mulu/ Amen.|-55-|| [Chrik[chtima||Knigeles. (Martin Lutheris wif fiems||Chrik[chczon »638 97 90 8661 one Q + d n Conventional signs to the word form metrics: form - section iš ‘Wenczawoghima Knigeles’; - form iš section “Chrik[chtima Knigeles’; - form iš section “Short knocking...*'; - form section iš ‘Palpalitas budas Spawedies”. Form of the word iš B. Vilento Part of enchiridion, stiff iš M. Luuterio Enchiridion, has no sign. LITTERACY Aleknavičienė O. 1998: Authorship of John Bretkūnas' Postilla: sources of Mt 3,13-17. —Baltistica, Annex 5. Bezzenberger A. 1877: Contribution to the History of the Lithuanian Language on the Basis of Lithuanian Texts of the XVI Century. and of the XVII. Göttingen: Robert Peppmiiller. Dini P. U. (1993): Heinrich Johann Lysius. The Little Catechism, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla. Drotvinas V. (ed.) 1987: Lexicon Lithuanicum, Vilnius: Mokslas. Drotvinas V. (ed.) 1995-1997: Clavis Germanico-- Lithvana 1-4, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla. Girdenis A.,Girdenienė D. 1997: Index of Ziwato of 1759, Vilnius: Institute of Science and Encyclopedia Publishing. Jakulis A. 1995: The Lexicon of Book Nobajznystė | edited by D. Jakulytė 1, Klaipėda: Sauliaus Jokužio leidykla-spaustuvė. Kabelka J. 1964: Kristijono Donelaičio leksika, Vilnius: Mintis. Karaciejus J. (ed.) 1995: Wolfenbütteler Postel, Vilnius: Baltos lankos. Karaciejus J. (1996): Kiprijonas Lukauskas. Vilnius: Vilnius University of Science and Technology. Kruopas J. 1970: The Lexicon of the Catechism of Merkelis Petkevičius of 1598. —Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 12, 83-155. Kudzinowski Cz 1964: The Lithuanian Bible of Chyliniski. 3. Index, Poznan: Pafstwowe wydawnictwo naukowe. Kudzinowski Cz 1977: Index to „Daukšos Postilė“ 1-2, Poznan: University of Poznan Press. Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan. Lebedys J. (1958): S. M. Slavocinskis. 1999. The Catholic Church in the United States: A Political and Social History. Lučinskienė M. 1997: Computerisation of the old 16th—17th century Lithuanian scripts. — Text variety in witnesses of Medieval text: Study from cooperative writing perspective, Sofia: Institut po matematika i informatika VAN, 23-24. Luther M. works. Critical overall edition. The New Testament Bible. 1-12, Weimar, 1906-1961. 1980: The "Point Sayings" of Konstantinas Širvydas (index). —Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 20, 109-222. 1979: The First Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language, Vilnius: Mokslas. Pakalka K. (ed.) 1997: The Old Dictionary of Konstantinas Sirvydas, Vilnius: Institute for Publishing of Science and Encyclopedias. Palionis J. 1967: Lithuanian literary language in the 16th-17th centuries, Vilnius: Mintis. Palionis J. (1983): J. Bretkūnas. Selected Papers, Vilnius: Mokslas. Palionis J. (ed.) 1995: The Catechism of Mikalojus Daukša of 1595, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla. Range J.D. 1992: Building Blocks for Bretke Research: Commentary on the Bretke Edition (NT), Paderborn —Miinchen —Wien —Zūrich: Ferdinand Schėningh. 1993–1996: Simon Daukanto raštai. Large Polish-Lithuanian Dictionary, 1-3, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla. Urbas D. 1996: Dictionary of Martynas Mažvydas' Writings, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla. Zinkevičius V. 1996: Computerization of the study of ancient Lithuanian scripts. To mark the 450th anniversary of the first Lithuanian book, the Catechism of Martin Mažvydas. Thesis of the conference reports 1996 October 23-24, Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, 36-37. 209 Zinkevičius Z. 1971: On the genesis and language of K. Sirvydas- 's "Point Sayings". —Baltistica 7(2), Zinkevičius Z. 1992: 153-167. History of the Lithuanian language 5, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla. Zulys V. 1970: Jono Rėzos leksika: Filol. m. kand. dissertation 1—2, Vilnius. HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF LITHUANIAN AND COMPUTERISATION OF OLD TEXTS Summary The paper deals with the problem of the computerisation of old Lithuanian texts and the preparation of the words indexes for them, which is being fullfilled in the Institute of Lithuanian Language by a group of scientists (led by Saulius Ambrazas, and computer programs created by Vytautas Zinkevičius) in 4 main steps: 1. the certain text itself is entered into a computer in authentic orthography with all diacritic symbols and textologic comments (because a great part of old Lithuanian texts are collective works, and usually one part of the text is a translation and the other is original, created by an author himself or of compiled type, which is taken from the earlier works of other authors); 2. using a certain software computer itself makes concordance of the words forms: it lays out the forms of the text entered into it in the alphabetical order by indicating their place in the text (volume, page, line) and gives a segment of the text in which the form is used; 3. investigator using characterises the forms, presented in the concordance, and renews basic title words forms; 4. another software will be able to compile the words index of the certain old Lithuanian text. In the future the Historical Dictionary of Lithuanian can be prepared on the bases of such words indexes, in which not only forms but also meanings of the words, important from the historic point of view, and original forms of translations will be presented. 210