Относительная хронология основных фонетических изменений в истории верхнелатышского диалекта

ACTA LINGUISTICA LITHUANICA LIIT (2005), 39-89 OTHOCHTesIbHaA XPOHOJIOIMA OCHOBHBIX ouernmyeckux 3MeHeHHi B ucTOpun BepxHeJIaTbILICKOTO AHasieKTa Viipa A. CepxKAHT Lietuviy kalbos institutas The present article deals with the sound changes that occurred in High Latvian after the split of Proto-Latvian into dialects. The basic aim was to establish a relative chronology for all of them; it is presented in tabular form at the end of the article. A corollary to our conclusions is that the view advocated by Lelis and Breidaks, according to which High Latvian constitutes an independent branch of East Baltic alongside Lithuanian and Latvian, must be rejected: all sound changes characteristic of High Latvian are best explained starting out from Proto-Latvian. The details of several sound changes are clarifed, e. g., it is shown that High Latvian has gone through four independent processes of metaphony, of which the Ist and 3rd have hitherto been treated as one in the literature. Finally, Breidak’s assumption of a Selonian substratum in the Lithuanian dialects of the Kupiskénai and Anyksténai is reformulated in some respects. 0. TIPEQUCIIOBUHE' 0.1 Lest JaHHOH paSorEi — «IIpuBAsaTb» PoHeTHYeCKHeE MepeXxoOjbl pyr K APYTY, B WjleaJIbHOM Cily4¥ae ycTaHaBMBas u terminus ante quem u terminus post quem, TAKUM OOpa3oM TOYHO PUKCHpyA MOcMeAOBATEIBHOCTh POHETHYECKUX H3MeHeHHit B MCTOpHM BepXHesaTBILICKOrO AMasieKTa. K coxKaseHMi0, JIA HEKOTOpBIX TIpolecCOB TaKOli NOHOM TOUHOCTH AOGUTECA He yasIOCb, OAHAKO, JIA BCeX Npoeccos yanocb onpesesTb XOTA Obl OAHY Takyto rpanuny. Toba TaKoli orHOCHTesIbHO-XPOHOJIOFM4eCKOH YeENOUKH BPA JIM MOXeT ObITb MpeyBemu4eHa. Ames Taky1o WenouKy MbI MOxeM: 1) Bo-nepBbIx, ToKa3aTb, Kakne (pOHETHYECKHE NpoOlecchI ABHO NOsqHHe, a KaKHe BOCXOJAT K CaMOMY ApeBHeMy 9Tally pasBHTHA, a KaKHe, BO3MOXHO, ABJAIOTCA B nepsyio ovepests xoTeOCb ObI BLICKAZaTH OFPOMHY10 GyslaroapHOCTb COTpyAHUKAM OTyeNAa AManextostorun Macrutyra JlarauicKoro Asuka Ate Craheukoii (Anna Stafecka) 1 SamyHay Tpymne (Edmundas Trumpa), Koropbie yxke B KoTopsIii pa3 Ove NoMormm, MpeyocTaBiIB JocTyT Ko BCeMY MasleKTOOTM4eCKOMY MaTepHasly, a TAKE HeHFIbIMM CoBeTaMH TIO ComepxAHIHO H B noucke smTeparypsl. A TakKe ONeHb Gxaronapent Puy Jlepkceny (Rick Derksen) 3a corsiacie npocmorper paGory, 3a ero KPHTHKY H OGcyxaeHMe AaHHOIi paGorsi, a TaKKe NeTep6yprcKHM koyuieram Anne Jlayraner 1 Anexceio AHapoHosy. 40 | Mnpa A. CEPxKAHT apxav3MaMn, yHacsleqOBaHHBIMM M3 Mpaa3bika MH COXpaHMBUIMMHCA HMe€HHO B wiccuieslyeMoM MasieKTe; 2) BO-BTOpbIX, TakKaA eNOuKa HMeeT SOMBIIYI0 LOKa3zaTesIbHY10 CHJIy TIpH TOvIcKe ASBIKOB, OKA3aBIIMX BIIMAHMe Ha UCCeYeMBI AMaJIeKT, T. K., CCIM HaM yJacTca YCTaHOBMTb B KOHTAaKTMPYIOUeM ASBIKe aHaIOrHM4YHbIe PpYTIIbI 3BEHbEB [AHHOMI YeTIOUKH, Mbl MOXKEM CMEJIO TOBOPHT O TECHOM KOHTAKTHOM BJIMAHHH JJaHHbIX JBYX ABbIKOB [pyr Ha J[pyra, MCKIOYaA BOSMOXHOCTD COBNAeHHA, YTO AaeT HEMaJIBIE BO3MOXHOCTH JIA AastbHeHMHx BBIBOJJOB; 3) B-TpeTbHX, ycTaHOBJeHHe OTHOCHTEIBHO-XPOHOJIOPMYeCKOM LeMOYKH MO3BOAde NpoBepHTb elle pas MpeAOXeHHEIe BAPHAHTHI PasBHTHA OTACMbHBIX TpoecCOB, a TakKe B H€KOTOPBIX CJIYYAAX MCKINOYMTb BApHaHTbI, He YKTaAbIBAIONIMeCA B KaKY10-IH60 OTHOCHTeJIbHO-XPOHOJIOrHYeCKy10 Lenouky. 0.2. OCHOBHBIMH paSoTaMH Mo HCTOPHH BepxXHesaTBILICKOTO AMaseKTa ABIIAIOTCA pa6orst Antona Bpeliqaka (HanGosee nosHad ero HeonyOMKOBaHHad Aucceptauna — Breidak 1989) a Taxxe Gombuloi MaTepHan, CofepxalliHiica B TpaMMaTHKe NaTbIMCKOrO AsbIKa AHMca JuAseNHHa (Endzelins 1951). OqHaKo o6e paGorsl, HeCMOTPA Ha HX GOsbILYI0 YeHHOCTS, MMeIOT HeKOTOpbIe HeAOCTAaTKH/ Heyopa6orku. B vactHocTH, paOorst Bpeiigaka HecKOsbKO MpeB3ATSI B TOM IlaHe, YTO AJA Hero BepxHesaTbINICKHH AMameKr (no ero TepMuHOsOruM JlaTramcKuit r1eMeHHoOit ABbIK) PASBHJICA HeMOCcpeCTBEHHO M3 BOCTOYHOOaITHMCcKOrO Mpaasbika (Bpelijak 1989: 6). MHorve JaHHble BepXHeJIaTBILICKOTO AMaseKTAa B CBASH C THM «HacHJIbHO» HHTepipeTMpyloTca kak apxavi3Mbl, M3-3a Yero TOMyYaloujaAcA B pesysHTaTe OTHOCHTesIbHAA XPOHOJIOPMA MHOra HenpaBMsibHa. Kak NOKa3bIBalOT pe3yJIbTAThI MpoBeyeHHOH HAMM paGoTsI, JaHHOe NpeANOMOKeHHeE OCTaeTCA, IO KpaliHeli Mepe, HegoKasaHHbIM. Tem He MeHee, paGorst bpeliqaka mpeycraBsialor JIA HiccrepoBaTeJIA KOJIOCCASIbHY!O I@HHOCTb, MOCKOJIBKY B HX COJePKUTCA OUCH GOUIO! AuanekTosorMueckHit MaTepHasl, KOTOpbIit oTOOpaH M3 OMMCaHHit roBopoB pasHoro KavecTBa H mpoBepeH. MHorue oObACHeHMA, pesIOKeHHbIe Bpeiiakom, Obuin TepeHATBI M HCMOJIb3OBaHbI B ZaHHort padore. CiOXHOCTb B H3J1IOKeHHM DHASETHMHa 3aKIO4aeTCA B TOM, YTO BEPXHeMaTBIIICKOMy AMasleKTy He ObLIa NOCBALIeHa OTJesbHaA PIaBa, a BEPXHEATbILICKHit MaTepHasl ObLI pasMeuleH (CormacHO KOHWeNYHH KHHPH) BMecTe ¢ ApyruMH AMaseKtamn. B CBASH C THM MHOPHE Be OCTAIOTCA UIA McceQOBaTeIA Hepas0OpaHHBIMH, M TIOTOMY HeACHBIMH. Hu ona 43 yka3aHHbix pa6oT He O6cyxyaeT pasuunit Mexay 1-oi1 (qpeBHelt, MpaBepXHeaTbILICKO) H 3-eli (ceOHCKO/i) NepersacoBkaMH, TeM He MeHee, 9TH pasJIM4nA OVeHb CyUIeCTBeHHBI, T. K. MpaBHJia AelicTBMA JaHHBIX MepersacoBoK coBepwleHHO pasHbie. JJaHHble MepermacoBKM NOCTOAHHO CMeuIMBaloTCA Apyr ¢ Apyrom. Oro Hepasimuenne Gpi0 MepenaTo u B Rudzite (1964), Kuskis (1967: 15-16) u Ap. B qucceprayun Lelis (1961), nocBamjeHHol BepxHesaTbILICKOMy QMasleKTy, OTcTampaeTcA MHeHne, YTO JaHHbIit [HarekT cieyeT IPH3HaTb OTACIbHBIM ASBIKOM —yTBepxJeHNe, C CHHXPOHHOli TOUKH 3peHHA, Ha Halll B3rsLAY, BHOsHe JoMycTHMoe, n1po6.1eMa OHaKO B TOM, ¥TO B JaHHOli paGoTe OHO 6bicTpo MpoeuMpyerca H Ha @MOHETHYECKHE H3MEHEHHA B BEPXHESIAT. QMANEKTE | 41 AMaxpoHMueckoe paccmoTpeHne Bonpoca, KoTopbIii Jasee ye paccMaTpuBaeTca He o6beKTHBHO. BaxkHO, OHaKO, OTMETHTS, YTO MHOTHe apryMeHTHI, HCMOJIb30BaHHbIe Bpelijjakom B ero paboTax, MOABJIAIOTCA yxKe 3}eCb, HallpiMep, TakKMe TOMOHMMBI u3 Xpounku Tenpuxa JlatButickoro, Kak Tholowa, Kukenoys (Lelis 1961: 142, cp. Bpetigax 1989: 144), a rakxe durex. juutas ,,vepr“ 1 mut. juodas (Lelis 1961: 144, cp. Bpetigak 1989: 149) ana yaruposKu mepexoyos *O > uo > U, *a > 0, *A > 6. EctTecTBeHHO, 4TO BbIIMeH310%KeHHbIe apryMeHTI He HMEIOT TesIbO OGeCIeHHTb 9TH paOoTsl, a MpeqHasHaveHbl JIM NOKasaTb HEOOXOJHMOCTS KOppeKTHPOBKH MHOFHX MOMeHTOB BepXHEJIaTBIIICKOH MCTOpHYeckoil (OHETHKH. 1. OTHOCHTEJIBHAA XPOHOJIOrMA FJIACHBIX: BBOJHBIE 3AMEYAHHA 1.0.1. O6mjHe npegnocEInKH Ucnonb3ya TOT PakT, YTO POHEMBI B BEpXHeaTBIIICKOM A3BIKe, H3MeHAACb, He CoBMasM, Mp TOM, YTO pe3y/IbTaTHI MepexoOAOB B HEKOTOPBIX CIyYaAX TIO CBOHM (poHeTH4ecKHM XapakTepHcTHKaM CoBMaaloT C MCXOAHBIMM (OHETHYeCKHMH Xapakrepricrukamn Apyrnx :boHeM B Apyrux nepexogax, MbI MOxKeM CjleNaTb BbIBOA, UTO STH POHETHYeCKHe M3MeHEHMA NPOMCXOAHJIM He OAHOBPeMeHHO. PasBriBas 9TO TIpeoNOxKeHHe, B KOHEYHOM HTore MbI IpHXOAUM K OMpeseeHHO! BpeMeHHO!t NOCMeAOBATEIbHOCTH MepexOAOB, KOTOPad MOxeT ObITh COCTaBIeHa MO/IbKO B AaHHOM Topayke, T. K. HHaye ObUIH Obl HeU3O6exKHEI COBNaeHHA. YuHTHIBAA NOCTeMeHHOCTH (POHETHYECKHX MepeXOOB, TAKOI BpeMeHHOIt MOCIeOBATEMbHOCTHIO / OTHOCHTEJIbHO-XPOHOJOFHYECKO!I LeMO4KOL MBI MO%KEM TOJIbKO oGosHayaTb Havasa TepexosoB, a He BCIO HX MOHOTY. Tak, HaNpHMep, MOHATHO, 4To AudTourusayna i uw Havasach paHbule, YeM CyxKeHHe *E u *O, OAHAKO HeAoKa3yemo 6buI0 Gb yrBepxKAeHHe, YTO Npouecc AMpTOHTMsalHMH HMeHHO 3aBepMIMIC YO Havasia Nporecca cyKeHMA, MOCKOIbKY AVIA TOO, YTOOBI 9TH POHEMBI He COBMaJIM, MHHUMaJIbHO HEOOXOAMMBIM ABJIACTCA HMeCHHO MpeqmomoxKeHne, uTO NepBbIii Mpowecc Hayasicd paHbe Broporo. MMeHHo Tak csegyeT TOHUMAaTb ycTaHOBJIeCHHYW HaMM B pe3yJIbTaTe OTHOCHTEJIbHO-XPOHOJIOFHYeCKyI0 MocseyOBaTeJIbHOCTD B§ 3.1. B Tex cny4asnx, re B MaTepHase HeT yKa3aHHii Ha MpoTHBHoe, Bce dboHeTHYecKHe Tepexojbl B yKa3aHHBIX paMKax paccMaTpMBaeTcA HaMH (a Take 1 GosbLelt uacTbIO APyrHXx HccseqoBaTeJlell) KaK HeOCTHbIe H HeMpepwIBHEIe Mporeccl. 1.0.2. Kparxue / Jlonrue rnacusie B qaHHoit paGoTe Jui HeKOTOpbIX MpamaTHIUCKHX (OHEM, OTIIMYAIOMIUXCA TOJIbKO JIMIMb lO NpH3Haky KosIMYecTBa (Hamp. *a u *a), MpeACTaBsAeTCA pasyMHbIM COBMeCTHOe paccMOTpeHHe HX H3MeHeHHI, a Take MpHOJM3MTeJIbHO OMHAKOBAA OTHOCHTeIbHO-xpoHOmOrHyeckad JaTHpoBKa. HeoOxo{MMbIMH ALA 9TOrO yC1OBHsIMH MBI CUHTaeM creqyroutne: 42 | Mapa A. CepxKAHT —cpequ Bcero {HaneKTHOrO MaTepHasia HeT yKa3aHMii Ha TO, YTO ycOBHA AA npoxoxJeHuA OOcyxJaemoro (PoHeTHYeECKOrO Mepexoya JIA KpaTKoro M Aosmroro KOppesIATOB pa3HEle; — JaHHbIii Nepexoy HMeeT OAMHaKoBbIi POHETHYeCKUi XapakTep VIA KpaTKoro M Aouroro Koppe1AToB (HanpMep, Ja6nasnzayiA); —reorpadHueckue paiioubi pacipoctpaHeHHA JaHHOro Mepexoga AWA KpaTKoro M JOsIrOrO KOppesATOR Copmasaror. AHasIOr4HO HaMH He paccmMaTpHBaloTcsA OTAe/IbHO POHETHYeCKHe NepexO/[bI OT pejesleHHoH (boHeMBbI IIpH, HaripHMep, BOCXOJALIeli H, OTeJIbHO, pH HUCXOANIeH MHTOHALMAX, CIM BCe 3 yKa3aHHBbIe BBIMIe YCIOBMA BEINOAHAIOTCA. 1.0.3. Ipasepxnenarpmickas Bocxonzsmaa usin [Ipepprsucras HAHTOHAIHA” J[14 Hauana cnepyer ene OroBOpHTb BONpOC O NpaBepxHesaTbILICKOM MHTOHALMH, BOCXOJAMel K Ge3yapHOMy akyTy B IpaGasITHiICKOM, Ha MecTe KOTOpOIi ceroqHA B OONbUIeH YaCTH CeOHCKHX FOBOPOB MpHCyTCTBYeT BOCXO/IALIAA, a B OCTAJIBHBIX 2Ke TOBOpaX BepXHE/aTBIMICKOTO AMaseKTa MpepbIBMCTaA MHTOHAMMA. fl He XOTEN 6bI OOcyxKAaTb 30eCb Ce KOHKPeTHYIO TOHMYeCKy!O POpMy, OHAKO ACHO, 4YTO JO BCex OOcyKAaeMBIX 3/[eCb MepeXO/OB ITO Spa OHA M Ta 2%Ke MHTOHAIHA Ha BCeli TeppHTOpHM BepxHesaTBIICKOrO AMaseKta. Ee pacujenenne Ha BOCXOsALILY!O B Sosbulelt YactH (HermyGOKHX) CesIOHCKHX FOBOPOB HM Ha IIpepbIBHCTYIO B OCTAJIbHBIX TOBOPaX IPOH3OMLIO, 110 BCeH BEPOATHOCTH, OTHOCHTEJIbHO 1103,HO, M CKopee BCero, nlocse OGcyKAaeMBIX 3eCb NepeXxoJoB, B (POHETH4eCKOM YCIOBUN KOTOpbIX Oba MHTOHaWMA. OO 9TOM KOCBEHHO CBUeTebCTBYeT TaKOM (pakT: B Tex rlepexojax, Tye MHTOHAKHA O6cy>KAaeMoro MiacHoro HIM AMTOHTa urpasta pomb, MaTepHant NOKasbIBaeT, UTO JAHHbIe riacHble WIM WUTOHH C HBIHeWIHeL BOCKOAAIIeli HHTOHalveli Bes ceOA aGCOMOTHO Tak Xe, Kak MH PlaCHble WIM AMPTOHTH C HbIHeLIHelt npepsiBucroi HHTOHayHen. A pas 06e 3TH HHTOHaHMM POHOJIOrMYeCKH BEI CeO NOMHOCTIO OJMHAKOBO, MOXKHO MpeAMOOXUTS, YTO HM POHETHYECKH OHH ObUIM WIM HACHTHYHbIME HIM O4eHb CXOX%KHMH 110 CBOMM MpocosM4ueckHM KayecTBaM. B NOJb3y EAMHOM MHTOHALHM B ITOH MOSMHMM BO BCeM BepXHEJIaTHIICKOM MasleKTe CBMJeTeDCTBYeT K TOMY Xe M JHCCHMHIAUMA MHTOHAMH, KoTOpad paGoraeT ofMHaKOBO H JIA BOCXOJPIMel H {1A NpepbIBUCTOH MHTOHaWUM (Serzants 2003: 95-96), a Takxke cneyHuKa NpogTeHHA riacHoro nepey TaBTOCHIaOMYeCKHM -r-. 2 Byech H Jase cneaya TpanuIUM, yeraHosnBulelica B GanTHCTHKe A Hcnomb3yi0 TepMuH UHMOHAYUA BMeCTO TepMiHa MOH ° TMpoquierte nepey taprocimabuieckuM -rHe MpoMcXosHWIO NpH MpepsrBHtcTOii 1 BocKoAAIe!t muToHayHH, cp. Endzelins (1951: 150-151). @MOHETMYECKME H3MEHEHMA B BEPXHEJAT. QMANEKTE | 43 2. OTHOCHTEJIBHAA XPOHOJIOrHA PJIACHBIX: PACCMOTPEHMHE MEPEXOJOB B OTJEJIBHOCTH 2.1. ei > ei > ai B Oosbulel YacTH TOBOpOB MbI HMeeM TOJIbKO ei > ei. Mepexog ei > ei > aiB HeKOTOPbIX OTEJIbHBIX OOJIacTAX Ha lore JJayrasnusicKoro paitona: Aiviekste,,,, Kalupe,,, 4 Liksna,,,, KHaa uacTb Kraslava,,, (Rike 1939: 150). Mpunumaa Bo BHMMaHHe, 4TO ei M3 1 JaHHBIM MpOleccoM He Obl 3aTPOHYT, a TOJIbKO JHUIb McKOHHbIM ei Nepemest B ei (uM ai), MbI MpegqMoNaraeM, 4TO sTOT Mpouecc HayasicA do mepexoga i > ei, Hanpumep, Kalupe,,. (Rekéna 1962: 20, 28): mata (< meita), baikt (< beigt) Ho véirs (< virs), u, BepoaTHO, paHee Obl pacnpocrpaHeH Ha Gonbuleli TeppuTopun. 2.2. [Ipoaienue Kparknx i nepey j uu nepey v 2.2.0. STOT He3HaYMTeIbHbI (OHETHYeCKHM Mpowecc BaxKeH AIA yYTOUHEHMA OTHOCHTENBHOM XPOHOAOPHM, NOCKOJIbKY OH OFHOSHAYHO NpeguecTByeT AUdTOHTH3ayMH Jourux iu UW, cp. JastbHelilee pasBuTHe AaHHbIX CoueTaHHit *uv > > tv (> ouv > ov/ > yuv > yv); *ij > ij (> eij > ej). Kak ormeyaer Suy3emun (Endzelins 1951: 146-147),ij, dv pcrpeyaetca enje B cTrapomaTBILICKHXx TexcTax.*® Take JaHHas (bopMa -ijWIM > -ija Takxke -tiuWIM > -uuBCTpewaeTCA B HerlyOOKMX CeJIOHCKHX roBopax, HanpMep B Grostona,,,, Meirani,,, (KuSkis 1958: 143, 146, 148-150)°. Mpognenne nponcxogut TombKo nog yzapeHHeM. SuA3eNHH (Endzelin 1910: 40) npuBogut takxe nprMeppi veiju ,,winde“ BW. 6210, beiji ,,warst“, reija ,,Riege“ us Pikstere, B KoTOpbIx elle coxpaHiisiacb mpoMexyTouHad CTyTIeHD. 2.2.1. Tlo npegnonoxeHHi JuA3emnHa (Endzelin 1910: 40-41) takue dopmpl, Kak tyus, dryva BO3HHKIIM Take 43 *druva > driiva > *dryuva > dryva. B nomp3y 9TOFO CBUYeTEMbCTBYIOT TaKHe (POpMBI M3 CTapOsATHILICKMX TEKCTOB, a TAKE H3 co6paHna Jain (BW), Kak tilu, tiwu ,nahe, driiva, piivis ,,verfault, gut : giva : gywa : gyuwa (Endzelin 1910: 14). 2.2.2. Tlocne nepexogos *uv > *iiv mu *i > *iv Tu Ba AudToHra B BepxHesiaTbILICKOM COBMaJIM HM pasBMBaJIMCh Table COBMeCTHO, C Toi pa3sHHueli, Yo Apesuee “uv K KOHLY pasBHTHA Mepey riacHpi cBoli raiiy (glide) *u coxpanser, a *il, T. K. OHO CTOMT Nepey CormacHBIM, ero TepseT. MakT, 4TO *i HM *uV coBNaIn Mi MOTOM pacnpeyesMsIMCcb Nepey riacHbIM / COr1aCHbIM 3aHOBO, NOATBepxKAaeTca 4 Tlepesog Bu6ann I'ynoxa, Esanrenue 1753 r., Karexusuc 1586 r 5 TeoperH¥eckH MoxHO MpegnoAOXMUTb H HaOOPOT, a HMeHHO, ITO -uv-, -1jABNIMIOTCA Pesy.tbTaToM coKpamentia *-liv-, *-ijB OCTAIBHBIX AMasTeKTax. B Mo/b3y TakOTO MpesTOIOxeHHIA MOKET cplgeTembcTBoBaTs 3aMMCTBOBAHHe H3 HeMeNKOTO, KOTOPOe MOKasbIBaeT, ITO -ij- > -ij-: klijas < CHH klige (Endzelins 1951. 52). Ogtiako 14 OGocHoBariia Takoro npesMonoxertiA HeOGXOAUMO Goniee o6crostesbHoe HecneqoBaHHe MpoGyembs. ® Pexe anech nerpesaeren 1 -ei-, -e1j- 44 | Mnea A. CEpxKAHT TakuMu (popmamn kak kiula, tiuli Lubana, nlepBoe Bocxogut K kija, a Bropoe kK *tuyji’. Ja coveTaHuit mpapepxHesiar. *-ij-, *-uvMbI NpegnosaraeM OAHOBpeMeHHOCTb pa3sBTHA, T. K. ITH MPONECChI AHAOPH4YHEI M MOMHOCTHIO COOTBETCTBYIOT APyr APYTY B reorpaduyeckom paciipocTpaHeHHM pesysbTaTOB Mepexoya *-uv- > -ov-, -yv-/ -iv-, C TOM TOMbKO pa3Huyeli, YrO pasBuTue *t (cM. HMxKe §§ 1.3) HocIe AUdTOHru3aqnuu * > *ouu nouWio Jabile, pasBuTue xe *i B *-ij- > *-ijocTaHOBUNOCh Ha *-eii- > -ei-. JlaHHptit BBIBOY O4eHb MHTepeceH, MOCKOJbKY HCTOpHYeCKH CoueTaHHA “uv, *ij 4 *ii, “I BOCXOAT K OJHOMY HM TOMy Xe MpoToTHMy, T. e. *ii (Gostee TOUHO *uH), *i (*iH) nepey{ rlacHbIM HIM corsacHbIM. OWHaKo JeTasM peKOHCTPYKUMM JOJDKHBI paccmatPHBaTbCA B OTJebHOM paSoTe H B KOHTeKcTe paGorbl CmMounncKoro (Smoczynski 2000), Tem Gonee, 4TO 3//eCb BO3HUKAaIOT HEKOTOpble NpOTHBOpeyHA. , (Zirnitis 1937: 122), yanrpiBan, ¥To 2.3. i > tu > ouu > yu, iu, au, eu;i > ii > eii > ei 2.3.0. Jloru4Ho paccmaTpuBatb Nepexogbl i > ou ui > ei, KaK POHETHYECKH aHasorMuubie (T. e. IpesOMsIeHHe) MH MOITOMY, KaK M OTHOCHTEJIbHO-XPOHOMOrHYeCcKH oqHOBpeMeHHEre Nepexogbi. B nosb3y JTOTO CBUAeTEIbCTBYeT TaKxKe OMMHAKOBaA TeppHTOpHa pacnpoctpaHeHna 9THX AUpPToHTusayni (Breidak 1989: 176). 2.3.1. Tpomece Au@ToHrMsalHM npaBepxHenar. *t u *i a TakxKe *U, *i m3 coueTaHuli cj uv (§ 2.2) cneyyer BOCcTaHaBJIMBaTb MMeHHO C NepeXxOHbIM CTyNeHAMud > du’ > ouu > yu, iu, au, eu aHanorm4uHo Hi > ii > eii > ei, Tak KaK Bce 9TH CTYNEHM 3aCBeTeJIbCTBOBaHbI B roBopax (cp. J[A: 48) u, reorpaduyeckn, ¢ BOCTOKa Ha 3allay OTpaxaloT NpHBeAeHHYI0 XPOHOJIOFMIO, a TaKKe, HCXOAA M3 Toro (bakta, YTO AIA HEKOTOPbIX 1OXKHBIX JIaTra/IbCKHX POBOPOB, Te Cero{HA MbI MMeeM au, eu, yu, iu, HMeIOTCA CBUZeTeIbCTBA TOPO, YTO paHee 3feCb NPOM3HOcuisocb ou (Breidak 1989: 178-179). Stor MoMeHT THMOsIOrH4eCKH HHTepeceH ¢ ABYX TOUeK 3PeHMA: BO-TepBbIX, 3eCb BUAHO, YTO reorpaduyeckoe pacnpesesieHHe 9TaMoB OnpeseseHHOro (poHeTH4ecKOro Mpolecca OHOBpeMeHHO OTpaxkaeT M ero HCTOpM4ecKHe 9TarbI, IpH4¥eM MMeHHO B TOIi Ke MOcMeqOBaTeNbHOCTH’. Bo-BTopbIx, 3Ta PEKOHCTPYKIMA NOKasbIBaeT, YTO POHETHYeCKHM Mepexoy mpoUCXOQUT MO3TANHO, NpOXOAA BCe NPOMeEXxyTOUHIe cTaguu. K noq7OOHOMY BbIBOLLY TIPHBOQUT H “MasieKTOOrHyeckKHti MaTepHa/l COBPeMeCHHbIX HEMeL|KHX FOBOpOB, cp. L6ffler (1980: 76-77). [papga, AA Toro, YTOObI AOKa3aTb, YTO MOITAMHOCT O nosasienm raaiiga nocne -u1 B ANTOHTAX ykagbinaeT nprBeseHtoe TaM xe saula ,sauja": “sauuja > *sauvla > saula, ecnmt 9T0 He ananormieckoe 3amemenme -jHa -[-, cM. § 2.2.3. anuetit stan Moxer BoigbaT HeKoTOpsLe Commentia, OHAKO OH 3acBH{eTeEBCTBOBAH B ropopax (JA: 48). Taioke (bopma kiuja Lubana,,,, oObicHsIeTeA, Ha Halll BINA; TOKO NpuHoTHeM cTaquM U-, ep. *kija > *koyja > *kyuyla > kyula > kiula, 7. e *uu- > -upapme, 4em *-v]- > v. Ananormanaa cutyanua, Koraa reorpadiyeckoe pacnpesenenme poretHueckoro mpouecca orpaxaer H ero xpoHOIOTINO, CBAAHA C COBMAZeHMeM HHTOHALMi B s1ATBILLICKUX FOBOPAX, CM. Serzants (2003: 90). @MOHETMYECKME H3MEHEHHA B BEPXHENAT. QMANEKTE | 45 (oveTu4ecKoro Nepexoya B XpOHOsOrHYeCKOM M reorpadHyecKoM OTHOMIEHHAX ABIACTCH YHMBepcasMeli, THX MpHMepoB, ecTrecTBeHHO, CTaTHCTHYeCKH ene HeOcTaTOYHO. 2.3.2. Uro Kacaetca nepsoro mara (T. e. i > yu, iu>*d > i /i > ei>*é > i, em. § 2.4), To 39ecb MOXKHO CKa3aTb, YTO 9TAa OTHOCHTEsbHaA XPOHOMOFHA JeiICcTBHTeJIbHa N10 BCeli TeppHTOPHH BepXHeaTBILICKOFO AMasleKTa, 3a HCKMOYeHHeM paiiona soxpyr Jayrasnusica 4 ropopa Mazlaicene,,, (Abele, Lepika 1928: 24, 34; Breidak 1989: 139). Ha patione soxpyr Jjayrapnuica A He Oy Ay ocTaHaBAMBaTbCA — 34@Cb QOCTATOYHO OTMETHTb, YTO TYT CKa3bIBAeTCA OYCHb CHJIbHOe BJIMAHHE JIMTepatypHoro sA3bIKa. Boslee MHTepecHad CHTyalHA B ropope Masnaiitene, rye mepexogpi *6 > oti / *6 > ef (rombKo c npeppiBvcToit MHTOHaWHell!) ua > of /t > ef (HW TakuM O6pa3oM CopnayeHve ApeBuux *t u *6, “fu *“€), a TakxKe B paitoHe Beja,,, *€ > ef (A: 53., 55d). 3necb MbI uMeem pa3sIMUHBIe pedseKCEI TOKO Apesuux *6 / *6u*O / *8. YunrsrBad TOT (PakT, YTO C (POHETHYECKO!I TOUKH 3peHHA MaJIOBepoaTHO, 4TO *6, *6 nepellen Kak-To HHaYeB ef, of, 4eM Yepes f, A (§ 1.3.1), BO3MOXHO MIpe{NOAOAKUTH ABa OCHOBHDIX XPOHOJIOFHYeCKHX BApHaHTa pasBuTHA: Bapnant A: Bapnant B: 1) a>ou we 2) o>a Bapnant 51 Bapuant B2 3) a> oi N6>a Da> ou 2)a > ou 2a7o>a 3)0>u 3) a> oi (i, *6, ei — ananorm4Ho) OcHosHad pasHuiia THX ABYX BapHaHTOB COCTOHT B NIpHHATHH (A) / HenpHHaATHM (B) nosropHoro nepexoya & > of — nepBbiii pas copMectHo ¢ i > du (1yHKT 1 Bapuanta A) u Bropoii pas (nyHKT 3) nocse nepexoja *O > uo > i, rye BTopH4HOe d nepeumo 6p Bof HM TaKHM O6pa3soM CoBrasO ¢ ApeBHUM G. Tipu sToM culeayer OTMeTHTD, YTO AH@TOHTH3aMA NpasaTBIcKHx iH i (7. e. < *in, im *un, & coorsercrs.), 10-BH,MMOMy, MpoOxOgWJIa He3aBHCHMO OT HHTOHaWMH, T. K. HH B OJHOM M3 roBOpoR, 3aTPOHYTHIX 9THM MpOLeccoM, MHTOHALMA He urpaer pos. B cBasv c TUM BapnaHT b2 cTaHoBuTCA MaslOBepOATHBIM. OcTaloTcA Aiba TOTCHIMasJIBHO BO3MOXHBIX BAPHAaHTa: Bapuant A: Bapnant B1: Dai>ou 16> 26> 2) > ou 3)a > of 3)6>a (*@ i ananorw4Ho) Bapuant B1 Hejb3A NpHMeHHTb KO BCeM OCTaJIBHbIM BEpXHeJIaTBILICKHM TOBOpam, rye *O > U, *€ > ivi > ou,i > ei, npu TOM, 4TO TyT HHKaKMX CoBnayeHuit 46 | Maps A. Cepxant (kak B Masuiafijene) He mpousonuuio. Takum o6pa3om OcTaeTCcA TOJIbKO BapHaHT A, KoTopbiii mpegtiosiaraet HoBTOpHyio AMPTOHTHsalHI0, y2Ke IPH YYacTHH HOBBIX d (uz *6) ui (us *6). 3gecb AocraTouHO npegnouoxeHue, ¥TO NOcTeAHHM (3-Hi1) war, T. €. MOBTOpHbIM nepexoy a > of, He JelicrBoBas No BCell TeppuTopuH, a OXBaTHJI JIMIIb CeBepO-BOCTOYHY10 YaCTb JaTTabCKUX FOBOPOB. 2.3.3. BpeitgaK (Breidak 1989: 176) jarupyer AudToHTM3anmio i M i Ha OCHOBaHMM HanMcaHMA JlaTPasbCKMX TONOHUMOB B ApeBHHX JOKYMeHTAX, aTHpyeMbIx mexgy 1478 r. u 1519 r. Coma xe NIpHMepHO OTHOCATCA MH MHOrOUHCIIeHHbIe 3aMMCTBOBaHHA, OTHOCHTEIbHO TO3qHHe, HalpuMep, 43 HemeyKoro, cp. blouz »bliize“ (Skriveri,,, Abolina 1928: 99) < Hem. Bluse, ram xe veins »vins*; Zeids »Zids“ (Lejasciems,,, Abele 1924: 46), (s)krouze ,krize“ (Suseja,,, Abolina 1927: 139), maséina, avéiza, paradéiza (Nereta,,., Mengele 1939: 97), dzeipars (Aliiksne,,..., Brencis 1914: 123). C mpepsisucroi HATOHaMeM OBIYHO 3aMMCTBOBaHHI He BcTpeyaeTcA. 37eCb MOXHO TOKO IPHBECTH B IpHMep COBa ¢ CyddpuKcoM Ha -neica’, rye npepbipuctaa MHTOHaMA BropH4Ha”! (Hamp. bazneica, Serzants 2003: 101-102), u3 Kalupe,,. (SamuSe 1938: 32-51), Varaklani,,, (Latkovsks 1931: 100-123), Cibla,,, (Abolina 1926: 31-48), Koroppie Obl 3aMMCTBOBAHBI YO 9TOro Nepexoya Hi TaKHM OOpa3oM jOKAasbIBAaIOT, YTO Mepexoy U > ou / i > ei OYeHb no3qunit. Terminus ante quem npejcTaBsIAIOT 3aMMCTBOBAHMA M3 PYCCKOTO ABbIKA B rosope Kalupe,,.: tiks < tuxuii, vise < puma (Rekéna 1962: 29), ogHaKko 1 3fecb Gomee ApeBHHe 3aMMcTBOBAHMA CosepxKaT AaHHbIii Mepexog, HanpuMep kiuma < xyma (Rekéna 1962: 31), veiskups < nomex. wiskup, ur. vyskupas < CHH bischop, ¢éisc u3 «ancrsiiim, veikste ,,kirsu koks*“ (Rekéna 1962: 371, 494). O TOM, 4TO NO CoOoTBeETCTByIOLWIHe JouIrHe riacHble B WaHHOM CJIyyae autrourn He ObUIM cyOcTHTyMpoBaHbI, a pasBUMch oHeTHYeCKH, CBUAeTeMbCTBYeT TOT (pakt, 470 B aHHDIX roBOpax MMeloTCs riacHble HH i, BOSHHKUIHe 3fecb M3 UO Hie cootsetcrBeHHo (Lejasciems,,,, Abele 1924: 49, Suséja,,, Abolina 1927: 135-136), KOTOPHIe MOFJIM GbLIM GObITh MCHOJb3OBaHBI AIA aeKBaTHOH Nepejay Womrux i vw 3ammcrBoBaHHii. Kpome toro, Bpeiiyqax (1989: 178) yKasprBaet Ha TOT cbakT, uTO B AManeKTe JIYA3eHCKMX 9CTOHYeR, TepecenMBuimxca B JIatramuio B XVII B., cBepxqourne riacuble i, 1 NOY BIMAHMeM JIaTrasibCKHX TOBOPOB H3MeHHJIMCb B ei, ou. Tloggoga HTOrH, MOxKHO CKa3aTb, YTO Mpouece AMpTOHTHsayMH i MO HavancA nmpHMepHo Mexyy 1478-51 HW 1519-bM rogamn HM MposospKasIca 10 XVII-XVIII Bs., YIMTHIBAA, ITO BECh MPOLecc He TIPOXOAMI OAHOBPpeMeHHO M10 BCell TeppuTOpH Jlarranun, a pacnpocrpaHayica nocreneHHO ¢ BOCTOKa Ha 3amag. 2.3.4. PaiioH pacnpoctpaHeHHa yu, iu panee 6buI 3HAaYHTeNbHO Gombe, YeM cerogua (JJA: 48). TosbKo Tak MOXHO OOBACHHTb PasHOracHe B pesysIbTaTe pa3_Tipu atom 3nyx i mpycyrersyer B AaHHOM ropope, cp. rin (< runa) (Abolina 1928: 101), kiimlam < kumelam (Abolina 1928: 107). Bo Bcex aTrambckHX Kak MB GOJIbIIMHCTBE CesIOHCKHX FOBOPOR Ha cpeaHMX COFAX C TOHOHOCAMIMMH anemeHTaMH i, i, ou (yu), et STHMOMOrHYeCKHe MpepBIBHCTAA H HCXOAAIAR HHTOHANNM MOTYYHIN HOBoe pacnpeseNeHHe, a HMeHHO Ha Mopdemax c BepxHestar, i, BCerga NpucytcTByeT HHCXOAAIIAR HHTOHANHA, Ha AudpToHTax ei, ou/ yu Ke npepsiBHcTad B He3aBHCHMOCTH OT HCKOHHO! HHTOHaILHH (cM. Serzants TaNDKe). @MOHETHYECKHE H3MEHEHMA B BEPXHEJAT. QHANEKTE | 47 BMTHA rpynn NpapepxHesar. *-uvu *-tiB Akniste,,, (Ancitis 1977: 88): tiuji < *tuvji Ho Soiit’ ,,3it“, potit pit“, npuuem, Kak oTMeyaeT aBTop, B ped craporo NOKOJIEHHA TakKxKe H Syva, pyva a TakxKe peyko ynorpeGmomeeca Sivéja ,Suveja*. Ms sTHx NpuMepos BHO, YTO HeKorga Hi 3/ecb *-uvMepellen B -yv-, -iv-, a cueOBaTeIbHO U OIDKHO ObuIO GpITb *-yu-/ -iu-, Tak KaK pasBHTHe 9THX Ppynt mocae *-uv- > *-tiv6pyI10 CoBMecTHO (cp. § 2.2.1). 2.4.*6 > uo > i, *€ > ie >i 2.4.0. B JaHHOM curyyae, TakKe Kak MC Mepexogamu ui > ou wi > ei (§ 2.3.0), Ha ocHoBaHuM oHeTHYeCcKH aHasorM4HOro Mpoyecca (MoHOdToHTH3aqHM) HM mpaKTMYECKH MOHOTO CoBNaeHuA TeppHTOpHii pacnpocrpaneuna (cp. JJA: 48 u 50) npegnosaraeM, 4TO peub 34ecb HAeT O eAMHOM oueTHYecKOM Mporecce. 2.4.1.1, CilegyomHe (bakTbl yKa3biBaloT Ha TO, YTO B NpaBepXHeaTHILICKOM BOCTOYHOSasITHHCKHe ryiacHble *O Mu *€ ene He HepeuiM B uo HM ie, a coxpaHAJIMCb B TOBOpaX elle AOBObHO Ose BpeMA: B YaCTH rMmyOOKHX saTrasbCKHX MB AOBOJIbHO GosbUION YacTH CeOHCKHX roBopos (cp. JIA: 54b) cyduxc -uols (aap. uozuols) spicrynaer B Bue -ols, Hamp. dzols (Kraslava,,, Alksnis 1932: 30; Skaista,,, Latkovskis 1935: 36). OObacuutTs sty bopmy, Ha Halll B3ryIA, MOXHO TOJIbKO, CCIM NpesnoOxXUTb, YTO cy@duxkc *-GlObi coKpalen B -ol-, T. K. B THX ropopax *O Nepeuiio B U, a, C€OBATeJIBHO, B IIPOTHBHOM CJly4ae HaM CiIeqOBasIO Obl oxkuZaTb **-uls. O TOM, 4YrO AMTOHTUZaNMA BOCTOYHOOaNTHIICKHX *O Hu *é NpOHCcXOAHa BO BCeX TpeX JlaTBIICKHX AMaseKTAX OT/EbHO CBUeTEMbCTBYET H popma yanHoro cyppuxca B HepkHesaTbILICKOM, B rIyOOKUX JMBOHCKHX roBopax Kypseme, rye mp uMeem -al-s (< *-ol-s < *-dl-s). Boslee Toro, Kak mpejcTaBsia- €TCA, MOAOOHOE COKpaleHHe JOIKHO ObiITb AOBOSbHO NO3qHHM, 460 GombUIAA ¥acTb PIyOOKHX aTrasibCKHX roBopos HMeer -ul-s (< *-til-s), a cneqoBaTeNbHO, B 9THX ToBopax coKpalijenue raacHoro nepeg -lmpoMsouLIo yxe Moce nepexoya *O > a. CneqosatenpHo, *6 H *é ele cyjecTBOBaJIH B roBopax Nocse oTAeIeHHA lpaBepxHesaTEINCKOrO OT MpaslaTBILLICKOrO. 2.4.1.2, Cnlegyronjee 3aMMCTBOBAHHe yKa3bIBaeT Ha TOT PakT, uTO *€ > i yepes craymo ie (a cneqoBatembHO H *G > uo > G, § 1.4.0): Kalupe,,, gidrys ,,skaidrs*, idriétis ,,skaidroties* u3 nutoBcKux giédras, giedréti (Rekéna 1962: 388), nockosbKy, €CJIM 9TO ObLIH Obl HCKOHHBIe POpMBI, CIeAOBAaIIO Obl OKUJaTb **dz, aB TOM, YTO AaHHble (PopMs! SasITHHcKOrO MpoMcxOxeHHA COMHEHHII He BOSHUKaeT. 2.4.2.1. J[A JabHeiwMx paccyxeHH 3qecb HeEOOXOAMMO OCTaHOBMTBCA Ha mipo6.leMe HcKOHHOCTH AMTOHTa ei BKeMalITCKHX FOBOpaX JOYHHHUHKOB. Bpeiijak (Breidak 1989: 139), ocHopprBaacb Ha paGore KasyaycKaca (1969), paccmatpuBpaer x*KemaliTcKuH ei H BCIIeACTBHe ITOFO ef TOBOpOB Bejages Mazlaicene,,. Kak J\peBHHIt npadasiTHiickHit AMpTOHr, COXpaHHBIIMiicA MpakTH4ecku HeH3MeHeHHBIM (*ei > ei). Ha Halt BsrsAY, OAHAKO, STO TIpeCTABsAeTCA MasJIOBePOATHBIM M0 CIE AYIOUIHM NpHunHam: oKoHYaHHe 1-ro sMYa ef. 4. aTeMaTHYeCKOrO MpeseHca B ToBOpax MoyuMnnuKos spéso (< *-6) (Zinkevigius 1966: 61) aco caujeTenbcTByeT 0TOM, ¥TO HO COKpalljeHHA ayCsayTHIX P'1aCHbIX OTKPBITOFO CHOTA BOCTOYHOOaITHiICKOe 54 | Mnpa A. CEPxKAHT si Takum o6pasom ¢ POHOOrHYeCcKOli TOUKM 3PeHHA BHOJIHE BEPpOATHO, 4TO 103]{- Hee NpaBocTrounobaTHicKoe “a MOO ObITb HECKOJIBKO «<CBHHYTBIM» B CTOPOHY *6, T. €. ObITb B GONbIIer HIM MeHbUel CTeneHH JaOvasM30BaHHEIM, Hanprimep, B 34BMCMMOCTH OT QHaseKTa HJIM NO3MIHM B cuI0Be. O@HaKO, Kak ObIyIO CKa3aHO. BbIILe, 9TO JOJDKHO ObLIO GbITb CBAZAHO C HepexogOM MpaBocTouHobasT. *G > *d, T. e, Mepexog *6 > *6 QosKeH ObUI HIM ObITS IpakTH4eCKH Tepe NaGuanu3zayneit *€ (1. e. cosqam «paspexeHHocTb» mo MapTHHe) wim cpa3y %e Mocuie (T. e. cTas pesyJIbTaTOM OKa3aHMA <qaBeHHA» 10 MapruHe), a cmeqoBaTesbHO, He3aqosro AO MIM BO BpeMs pacnaya BOcTOYHOGaITHiCKOrO Ha MpaswarBIcKMi uM nMpasnTOBCKHH. UTo KacaeTca KpaTKOro G, TO MOCKOMbKy Ha POHEMATHYECKOM YPOBHE JIJ1A MpaBocTrouHobasITHHcKoro BOCCTaHaBJIMBaeTCA TOKO OHA (POHEMA, TO HCXOJ{A TOJIbKO M3 CHCTeMHBIX COOOpaxKeHHit HeJIb3A HCKJNOYHTb BO3MOXHOCTH, YTO OHA MorsIa Kos1e6aTbCA B 3ABMCHMOCTH OT AMasieKTa HJIM MOSHIHM B CieKTpe a — 0. 2.6.3.2. JJaHHbIe BepxHeaTbULICKorO JMaZeKTa, CBHeTETBCTBYIOMIHE B TONLsy mpapepxnesat. “au *a 2.6.3.2.1. JAHHBIE B MOJIb3Y KPATKOLO “a B Kone cs10Ba BO BCeX BepXHeJ1aTBIIICKHX FOBOpax MBI HMeeM a. Jasiee paccMotpM Te culy4an, rye a > oO. B WeHTpasIbHOM1 10%*KHOMATIasbCKOli (opMe vokors (= vakars, 8 Barkava,,., Varaklani,,,, Vi8ki,,,, Zvirgzdene,,,, Karsava,,,, Kraslava,,,, Livani,,,, Skaista,,, (Bpelizak 1989: 152) u ap. 06a o He STHMOJIO‘H4HBI, TOCKOJIbKy 3y1ecb ClleqyeT BoccTaHaBIMBaTb opmy *veker-, cp. caB. Beuep, TO Ke CaMoe elCTBUTeIbHO H JIA vosora Zvirgzdene,,,, Pilda,,, (ibidem), cp. cmap. 6ec-H-a < *ves-nurpeu. ap < *ves-r. Takum o6pasom, 3fecb CeAyeT HCXOMTS H3 *a > Oo. Uro Ke KacaeTCA KOPHEBOTO 0, TO 34€Cb Tpy AHO BBIACHHTb KaKoro KavecTBa JaHHbIit TacHbIit OBL B MpaBepXHeJIaTbICKOM. Tak WIM MHaye, yrBepxeHHe Bpeiizaka (1989: 155) 0 Hexkoli nepersiacoBKe 0 > a HeNmpaBMJIbHO, MOCKOJIBKY MaslaTasbHaa nleperiacopka rlacHoro 0 HUKak He MpHBesa OBI K d, YTO NOATBEpx*AaeTCA THTIOIIOTHuecKH 3-el BepxXHesaTbILICKOH TepermacoBKoi (mpuMepsi cM. § 1.9.2.3). Kpome TOFO, CleAYIONIHe MIpHMepbI CBUETEJIbCTBYIOT OTOM, 4TO MeperslacoBKa padorasa 3y€Cb COBCeM TIO MHOMY IIPHHYHIy, a He O > a Mepeg NanatasbHbIMH: — MpHBegeHHple caMuM xe Bperijakom (ibidem) npumepsi loska «KposatTb» 13 Oenopycck. 162Kak, tosna u3 pycckK. «TéutHO», 43 Altiksne,.. (Brencis 1914: 113) gross «pour c o (a He a) Nepey NasaTasbHbIM §; 465, @MOHETHYECKHE M3MEHEHMA B BEPXHEJAT. AMANEKTE | 55 — aHanruyecknit i He BbI3bIBAeT NepersiacoBKH 0 > **a, Hampumep, kotris (< kotrs, cp. cpequenat. katrs, 8 Alsvika,,,, Belava,,,, Litene,,. (Zaube 1939: 120)), a Apyroli NanatTasbHbIl r1acHblil B CIOBe C KOPHEBBIM 0 He BCTpeyaeTca; ~aHaJIOrM4Ho MC ApyrMMH, nosyqHuMH i, HanpuMep, ostini (< *ostimi, cp. cpequesiat. astuoni), oli (iepexog u-cKMOHeHMA B i-CKIOHEHHe, aKK. ef. 4., Cp. cpequesiar. alu). Takum o6pa30M, Hf 3fecb HeT (bakTOB, yKa3bIBAIOUIMX Ha TO, YTO B MpaBepxHeMaTBILICKOM Oput riacHblii o. B cBA3M C 9THM MBI Tak Xe, KaK MB cyly4ae C JONTUM npaBepxuesiar. *4, mpeqnomaraem 3ByK MpaBepxHenar. *a. 2.6.3.2.2. JAHHDIE B MONb3Y AOMTOTO *a 2.6.3.2.2.1. Crlenyloujve nipHMepst 13 rry6oKHX JaTrasbCKHX rOBOpoB, B KOTOPpbIX @ > UO, KOCBEHHO YKa3bIBalOT Ha TO, YTO HeKOFJa HM B 9THX TOBOpaX, Kak HB CeJIOHCKHX, CYIeCTBOBasI rIacHBIt 6 WIM AaxKe a: globais // globaise; mozgdis // niimozgaisas, niimozgaisis; giois // goise Lazber§i,,., gaise Malupe,,,, goisa Jaunroze,,., (Abele 1935: 197). B ocHope paccmaTpnBaembIx @opM JIeKUT rpynna -KajVK- — B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TOFO, HACKOJIbKO PpaHO MpOMCXOAMI0 COKpallieHHe, MbI HMeeM pasIMYHBI KpaTkuii riacuplt: -KajVK- > -KajK- > -KaiK- / -KojVK- > -KojK- > -KoiK-.”! OuesHqHo, 4TO coKpamjenHe dopMpb! guojse (Hanp. Zvirgzdine,,) He mpuBeN10 ObI K gaise U, BO3MOXHO, K goise. Kak ropopuis0cb Ble (§ 1.6.1.1), @ Mepeuito B uo vepes *6. B nipHibej{eHHBIX BbILe IpuMepax cTaqHA *O WIM JaxKe d coxpaHMach B ABYxHf Ooslee CO*KHEIX (opMax NpHyacTHH, rye HOMTHH riacublit 6 goise/ goisa) win G (gaise) Obi CoKpallleH Nepeg MocseAyIOUMM CsOrOM jo Nepexoya d > 6 > uO HW TIOTOMY He TOMeHAJI CBOerO Ka¥ecTBa.”” 2.6,3.2.2.2. JJantee dbopaa stovons (Zasa,,,, Navenickis 1933: 96), coorgetcrByromas cpeguesiar. slavéns, BO BTOpOM CuIOre ABHO MOKa3bIBaeT, YTO O BOSHHKIO 13 d (< €), y>ke B XO HCTOPHM BepxHesaTEMICKOrO AMaseKTa. 2.6.3.2.2.3. Jjamee, Ha *a, *4, a He *o, *O B ApeBHemaTrasbCKHX roBopax yKasbiBaeT ¥ pesysIbTaT NasaTasbHOH NepersacoBKH. 3adukcupoBaHHbie MusteHOaxom (apud Endzelins 1951: 126) d@opmpi c mepersacoBKoii 13 ryOoKOro saTrasbCKOrO TOBOpa Litene,,, a Take, Hanpumep, Aliksne,,, (Brencis 1914: 117) katins (cp. kuots), dbels (= amr. obelis, cp. uobuls) u yp.” cauyerexbcrBywT.o TOM, YTO Ha MecTe -uocummuiexcos kuots, uobuls HéKoryja Opis “A, KOTOpbIii B STOHM NOsHIMH MpoiyT no 1-ofi nepermacoske yepes craquio “a° (cm. § 2.9.2.1) CHOBa BepHYJICA B HCxo{HOe ® Ha ecre KOjKHe Moxer Obits cyGcrutympozan -KaiK-, kak 9T0 Npou3ouLIO Gxt B ApyrUx WATHIIICKHX AMasIeKTAX, Fe KpaTKOFO PACHOTO O Her, TAK KaK B (PoHETHYECKOit cHIcTeMe BepxHeHaTBIMICKOTO AMANEKTA CCTb H KPATKHIi rviacHBIii 0. OAHaKO 3fecb CneAYeT YUeCTb, YTO He BO BCeX HaTrambcKHX ToRopax HMeeTCs AMGTOHT Oi. Coxpamyenne xe cyntepgororo uproura oObscHAeTCA Ha Haul B3rIAg TEM, 4TO B OAHOCTOKHEIX cOBOOPMaX AONTHi AUTOR (-uoi- /-di- / -di-) CoxpaHAeTcA, a B ABYCAOKHEIX v1 Gore Her — pasiiua mexay guois // goise, goisa, gaise oveugHo B NpcyrcrsMn/ orcyTcTBHHt nocmeayioulero Cora, T. K. HB MYXCK, Pose BKOCBEHHBIX Nagexkax AMPTOHT TAKE COKpaLl{eH. Belava,,,, Litene,,., Stameriena,,, (Zaube 1939 121), rae B dbopmax nepey nanaransHBIM BerpeyaroTca 06a BOKamN3Ma 4 M UO. 2 56 | Mapa A. CepxKAHT B *a. Tak uM unaye, opamp! katins, dbels u3 **kotin’, **Sbels HeBbrBoAUMBI, T. K. *O Aaet nepermacosky 6°, cp. mé'li (us m6ls = mali — mils) (Saviena,,, (M. Poi8a, LVD).% Ananormunpie mpumepsi c *4 npuBoyt 1 cam Bpefijak (1980: 70) 13 ceJIOHCKMX rOBOpoR: ratins, ratens versus rots, uuTepmpeTupyA HX, OAHAKO, HaoGopor, T. @. KaK JOKa3aTeJIbCTBO B MONb3y ApeBHero *o. Kak yKa3bIBaJIOCb BILE, C TOUKM 3peHHA PoHeTHKH, Aya *a M *A MaaTambHad MepersacoBKa He Moria JjaTb “of > “a min *O > **4, Jlaee, Ha HeKora jelicTBOBABLIY10 NepersacoBky yKasbIBaloT cnegyroume bopmpi u3 Kaldabruna,,, (Kancans 1937: 48): vasarena Ho vosora, lakatené Ho lokots u gp. 2.6.3.2.2.4, Cnegyrouue 3aHMCTBOBAaHHA, BO3MOXHO, YKa3bIBalOT Ha TO, 4TO JIaTr. -UOBO3HUK U3 -@- cp.: Lubana,,, ztodzs (Breidak 1977: 32) ,,zagis* (us CHH”* sage, ME,,, 695). anHoe saumctBopanne, KcTaTH, JaeT TaKxKe eHHy10 HHdopMalnio 06 aOcomIoTHoH FaTupoBKe cymecTBoBaHHA d / d B WaTTasbCKUX roBopax”’”, Tak KaK H3Ha4aJIbHO a B Cp.-HWDKHEHEM. KpaTKO — ero nposseHue B OTKPbITOM CJIore TIPOMCXOJ{MJIO B HCTOPHK ApeBHecaKCOHCKOrO Va APCBHEHHKHEHEMELKOTO, H 3aBepMMJ0Cb TpeANOMO*KUTEbHO K KOHUy XII-ro Beka (Gallée 1993: 1 u 16).”8 Jlanee 3aMMcTBOBAHMA M3 pyccKoro, rye yapHomy d coorzercrsyer uo: Kalupe, as: TOs (< pag), sliops (< cnd6), viiozeit’ (< Baxutp) (Rekéna 1962: 26). Masopepoatuo, uTO BCe 3AMMCTBOBAHMA NOAOOHOrO posa (a HX JOCTATOYHO MHOFO) NpOHHKJIM B TO BpeMA, Kora “e/ *€ elle He MepeuIH B A/G UB MaTrasbCKOl (@oHeTHKe He GELIO Oouee aeKBaTHOrO 3ByKa YeM 6. TakKe MpesOOKeHMe, ITO BCe ITH 3aMMCTBOBaHHA MOI npolitu yepes JIMTOBCKHIAL ASbIK, Te Mbl HMM O Ha STOM MECTe, HE npeycrapsinetca yOequTesbHbIM. Ilo KpatiHeli Mepe JIA epBoro Hallero npuMepa zuodés 9TH BO3paxeHHA BOOSIE OTMAaI0T, T. K. B OAM3KMX CeIOHCKUX roBopax MBI 3yecb HMeem 4, cp. fagis (Sausnéja,,., Vietalva,,,, Kaulit 1887: 221). ja storo IIpHMepa BepoOATHeH MpeANOIOKUTH, YTO 3TO CJIOBO MOCTeHeHHO Yepe3 CeMOHCKHE TOBOPbI NPOHHKO B riyGoKne JaTrambcKHe TOBOpEI. 2.6.3.2.2.5. B MOJIb3y TOrO, YTO MMeHHO JosIToe “A Mepelllsio B6 H 3aTeM B UO, CBMAerTesbcrByioT u opMpbl c nposuieHnem, HarpuMep, us Aliiksne,,, (Brencis 1914: 117): duorgs (= dargs < *darg-, cp. pycck. dopoedti < *dorg5 aHaJIOrH4HO B Belava,,,, Litene 47» Stameriena,,, (Zaube 1939: 121; Bpeiigax 1989: 182): uorda (ardit, kak NloKa3piBaeT OHOKOpeHHas JHMTOBCKaA bopma ardyti, conepKuT ApeBHee Kpatkoe a, KoTopoe OpL10 MposwieHo Nepey TaBrocus1abu4eckuM -arK- > -arK-), ganee diord u dardiét, viiortu u varit u zp. * Bpeiiqak nporue nanatanbHoli nepersacopkn, optiaKo cm § 1.8.2. % 3yech, KOHEIHO, MOrKHO ObLIO Gxt BOSpA3HITb, ITO B THX MpHMepax ele Coxparttoce APeBHee Pacnpegenerine no yaapennio — 8 yqapHioii nosHuuH 0, 0 B GeayzapHoii a, a. OqHaKo Torga BOSH KaeT BONPOC, MoveMy 3TO ApeBHee pacnpeslenenme COXpaHMIOC TONBKO Mepes| TanaTaNnbHBIMH, a B OCTAJIBHBIX MOSMUMAX ucHesZ0. % 3yecb H Hantee. cpeqHermxrenemenkuii. ® TIput 3TOM B YesIOM He BAXKHO, GbUIO JH Cp -tDKHeHeM. sage 3aMMCTBOBaHO HanpaMyro WI Hepes cpesHenaTBILICKHe ToBOpE, T. K. LOuITOe d Mepesamocb Obi MB 9TOM cryyae Ges HaMeHeHHi. * CHH 4 nepegaerca narpumckum @, a CHH 6 tarsumckum uo (Endzelins 1951 64). OquaKo, 10 ‘Tex Nop, MOKa mpon3HomenHe CHH B JIMBOHHI AO KOHUA He BEIACHEHO, AaHHbili aKT He HMeeT NosHOit AoKasaTeNBHOI CHI. @MOHETHYECKHE H3MEHEHMA B BEPXHESAT. QMANEKTE | 57 2.6.3.2.2.6. 3/ech elle cueyyeT OOcyuTb MHeHHe Bpeliyaka (1989: 181-2), Ko- ‘TOpbili ykasbIBaeT Ha TOT (baKT, ¥TO B 3aNaqHONATTasbCKHX M CeOHCKHX roBOpax IIpoucxoAuT perporpayHoe pasBuTue 6 (* npa6ar. *a) > @ nog BIMAHMeM aMTepatypHoro A3bIKa. OO 9TOM, AKOObI, CBUZeTeIbCTBYeT CpaBHeHHe jMaseKTONOPHYeCKUX JaHHbIX B XPOHOJOTHYeCKOM TOpsAKe, COOpaHHEIX B Haase 4 cepejuHe Mpomuioro Beka — BGoslee MO3qHHX 3anMcaX NOABAAeTCA d Ha MecTe 6 B Goslee paHHUx. Sto yrBepxXeHHe He abcom0THO TOYHO”. Kpome Toro, 6 11H AaOvasM30BaHHBIi G cHOpagMYecKM NOABIAIOTCA B CesIOHCKHX TrOBOpaXx H M0 cei Aenb (JA: 39b), Hanpumep, B ropopax Dzelzava Lio? @ TAKE B pe CTaporo TOKos1enna B Lazdona,,,, Prauliena,,,, Sarkani / Sarkanis,,,, Patkule,,,, Cesvaine,,, (Elksnitis 1929: 128-129). Oquako, HecmoTpa Ha NpMBeJeHHEIe BbILe AapryMeHTHI Bpeiigaka, mb cuntaem, 4To aGManMsalyHA WIM are NOJHBI repexoy CeOHCK. d@ 8 O” ABNAeTCA BTOPH4YHDIM Mporeccom (2-oi1 Na6vasmMsaneii), He HMeIoN\UM HMYero OOuero ¢ rumoTeTHYecKHMH"! BocTOUHOOaIT. **6, **o ** < mpabant. *a, *a. B nomb3y 9TOrO yTBepKACHHA CBUACTEBCTBYIOT CoeAyIoUMe akT! —B HEKOTOpbIx HersIyOOKHX CeJIOHCKHX rOBOpax, a HMeHHO: Odziena, aq» Saviena,,., Métriena,.,,, Medni,,,, Koropble Mex Ay coGoit cocTaBsAmoT OOuLy! reorpaduyeckyi0 rpynny, Hapayy cé 4 G@ Ha Mecre npanarsiuckoro *6 Berpeyaetca HM aOHas30BaHHbili rnacubiii d, 6, 6° (cp. JJA: 20b). MoxarHo, 470 TaKoii a, 6, 6° He MoxKeT ObITb [peBHMM, a BOSHHK OTHOCHTEJIBHO HejaBHO M3 d (KOTOPOe PasBJIOC B CBOIO ovepesb H3 €) No 2-011 naGnammsayun, cp. § 2.6.4.3. AHalorM4Had cHTyalMa 3ecb o6cTOMT HM ¢ KpaTKHM (Vvecs), KoTOpoe BCTpeyaeTcA B TOM Ke palioHe B BHye 0 (vocs), cp. JJA: 20a, a Take c a Mepey ManatanbHbIMn, Hanpumep, golvina, zols (JIA: 16c); — Aaslee, pay 3anMCTBOBAHUII TakXKe COAepXKUT Ha MeCTe -dB MCXOZHOM A3bIKe W1a6MasM30BaHHbIi 3BYK, Ip TOM, 4TO «4HCTbIit» -a- (< -e-) B roBopax HMeeTCA, Hanpumep: Dzelzava,,, Dodwids (cp. koa ka, tam xe) pu grakus (= grékus) (Kaulin 1890: 322), Joaria (= Jana) (Kaulifi 1890: 326) u ap. 2.6.3.3, BeiBoaBL O6o6mas BEMecKasaHHoe (§§ 2.6.3.1, 2.6.3.2.1, 2.6.3.2.2), JJIA IpaBePXHE/aTbILICKOTO MbI BOCCTaHaBsAMBaeM B NPHHLMMe “A, a He *O, TIpH 9TOM, O{HAKO, He HcKONAs BO3MOXHOCTH, YTO B OMIpeseJIeHHEIX POHETHYECKHX NOSMIMAX 9Ta (OHEMa MorsIa MMeTb HECKONbKO TaGvanM30BaHHEIi amodon. J[pyrumu cnoBamu, nepexoy pasaTbilicKoro *A > 6 HaYaJICA TOKO yxe B XOe MCTOPHM BepxHesaTBILICKOrO auanexta. Ja KpaTKoro a Takoe yTOUHeHHe, Kak ObIIO CKa3aHo Ble (§ 2.6.3.1), * Tax Hanpumep, » Sausnéja,,, orcyrcrayer 0 eue B omcanuax Kaysuns, cp. Kaulifi (1887: 216), Kauling (1933: 11), a mpo xpatkoe o Kaulin§ (tam xe), uro ,,.. Veca valoda Sausnéja to nemaz nepazist“. ® Cnopaguueckuii nepexog d, 6° u np. B 6 HMeer mpHunny B ynpomeHun Audbrorronyos. Tlogo6kax cutyanua, Hanpumep, 8 Plavinas,,., Me peaauszauna suToura oa 3aBiicHT oT MATOHAUNH — pH Bocxogameit mToHaNHH oa > d, d, mp HUCXoAAMeli — oa > 6%, 6 (Ivenu 1928: 83). "To npesnonoxermo Kaanaycxaca, Maxiomca, Bpeiigaka ut 2 . CM. BBIIe § 2.6.3 1. 58 | Mapa A. CepxKAHT He BaxKHO. OAHaKO H 39eCb MOXKHO MpeANOOXUTH, YTO APeBHHIi KpaTKHIi *a He MosgAaBuintica 1-of nanaTasbHori MepersacosKe (*a > *a*), Obi TabvasM308BaH, T. e. *a > *4 mM 3aTeM B YeHTpanbHoii 1 ;xXHo!t Jlatranuu Bce HeKOoHeuHBIe *A miepeuum B o (Tum vokors), aB ocTambHoti YacTu JlatramMM ToNBKo ToT *& npoACHMICA B 0, KOTOpBIM HaxoQUJIcA B yJapHoli nosMyHH (THN vokars). Tak, KcTaTH, MO>xKHO OObACHHTE 1 OJ{HOCJIOXHbIC CIOBA, KOTOPbie MOUTH BCe HMEIOT a, — 66nbulaa YacTb M13 HMX —9TO KIMTHKH. JaHHbtit mpoyecc aGMamM3zayHn MBI Oy eM JVI KpaTKocTH Qanee Ha3prBaTb 1-0 sa6uanusalnen. 2.6.4. OTHOCHTEJIBHAA XPOHOJIOrMA ASMEHEHHA TIPABEPXHEJIATBIMNICKOFO *a B > 6 > 6 > uo, *a > d > o B BEPXHEJIATHIICKOM 2.6.4.1. BepoaTHO, H3HauaJIbHO J060e *a, *A GBLIO B NO3MNMH Nepeg MasaTasbHBIMH TlacHBIMH™ MepersacoBaHo B *a°, *a°. 3aTeM riacuble *a*, *a* nepeuwin B a, @ Ipu6.21311Te1bHO MMeHHO B 9TO Xe BPeMA HadHHaeTCca Npouecc sa6uanusayu Broporo asiopona a > d > 0, d > d > 6 (mo3xe B > uo). Takum o6pa3oM, asiJIooust (orem *a Hf *A pasBuBalorca BCe JasIblile Apyr oT Apyra. B cBasH c THM BOSHHKAaIOT YepeqOBaHHA a / 0 @ / uo, HalpHimep, B Litene,,. (MunenGax apud Endzelins 1951: 126) kdtin¥ (cp. kuots), abels (= nur. obelis, cp. uobuls). Cnenyer OTMeTHTS, YTO HaHHbIe IpHMepbI OYeHS PeAKH, B OObINMHCTBE 2%Ke NaTTabCKUX TOBOPOB He OCTasIOC Cse4OB NepersiacoBKH, cM. Abele 1934; Endzelins 1951: 126). Takum 06pa3oM, JJ1A OTHOCHTes/IbHO/1 XPOHOJIOPHH MbI MOXeM Cjes1aTb BEIBOJ, YTO npoyecc 1-01 naGvannsayun Hayasica nocrte 1-01 nepermacoBKH. Tak MbI Npegnoslaraem pasBuTHe a, dB MaTrasbcKHx roBpopax. 71a Kpatkoro *a aHasiorM4Ho *a—+I, *@—_» 6» Kpartknit *a B yapHbIx Ciorax aHasIOrH4HO B ToBopax Tuna vokars 4B yapHbIx 1 Gesy{apHBIX cjlorax OCHOBbI B roBopax TuMa vokors. B a6comoTHOM KOHUe C10Ba KpaTKnii “a > aGe3 u3sMeHeHHit. O6osHaveHHA BOSHHKUIMX B pesybTaTe MepermacoBKM asodoHos *a* u *a° B OMpefeleHHOM CMbICuIe CX€MaTHYHBI. 30eCb BAKHO, YTO 06a 9TH aOdona % Tlepernacoska nponicxoguT nepen nanatanbuBMn riacHsMn wm cornaciiim k, & j, & dé, 5 2, Ln. Tnacuuiit i, coorerersyiouuiii y apyrux ropopos, nepernacopky He Biisbiaer (Endzelins 1951: 110-111), ep. § 1.9.2.1 @MOHETHYECKME H3MEHEHMA B BEPXHEJIAT. QMAMEKTE | 59 nlocse MeperacoBKu POHETHYECKH JOBOMbHO CHJIbHO OTIMYAIMCh Apyr OT Apyra, BCeACTBHE Yero TONbKO JIMUIb BTOPOH amocdou *A° GpuI HoABeprHyT 1-011 ja6uamsaynn. 2.6.4.2. Cosnayenne peaystsraror 1-oi1 nepernacopku B ceoHCKHX H CM@XKHBIX 3arlaqHosaTrasbCKHX roBOpax B cesIOHCKMX Ke TOBOPaX H, OYeBHAHO, OA UX BOSselICTBMeM, B 3anaqHONaTTasJIbCKHX, Pa3sBHTHe NOWWIO Fable. OveBUAHO, YTO Hpotecc 1-01 BepxHesaTBILICKOMi NepersacoBKH, BBY eo APeBHOCTH, HM 3/eCb TOxKe AOsDKeH Obl MMeTB MecTO. B noJibsy STOTO CBHJeTEBCTBYIOT, KPOMe TOrO, COXpaHMBUeecA elle UB HEKOTOPbIX CeIOHCKHX roBopax pacnpegesenne d/a < *a + Eno/d <*at+A (rge E— nasatampuprit Koutexct, A — Hemasat.), Hanpumep, B Dzelzava (Elksnitis 1929: 126), Nereta,,., Viesite,.. (Endzelins 1951: 110), 8 rny6oxom cenoncKom rosope Akniste,,. (Ancitis 1977: 48-49). Oquako B GompuIMHcTBe CesIOHCKMX roBOPOB pe3ysbTATHI ero COBNMAaJIH, —HO He MO aHaOrHH, KaK 1 B OosMel YacTH Tuly60Kux saTrasbcKUXx roBopoR, — a PoHeTHYecKH. CoBnasu emule Ha Toit craquu, korga 06a ammodona PoueTHYeCKH He CHJIbHO OTIMYaNMCh Apyr oT Apyra *a° > a> 4. Cnegpi na6vann3ayMn coxpaHusucs, HanpuMep, ele B peun craporo nokoyenus B Lazdona,,,, Prauliena,,,, Sarkani (Sarkanis),,,, Patkule,,., Cesvaine, (Elksnitis 1929: 128). Hypke cxema pa3BiTHA C yYeTOM CeOHCKHX TOBOpOB: 419 ‘420? a? 415? 416 Coctosxue A 2-aa JIa6uanusanna a°—_»a* at *a—>Il, a® ________» o0*(ceyion.) a o|(matranpexne) (gonrnii @, (@) aHanorn4Ho) Mak, a4 Toro, 4ToGpI AcHee OObACHHTb KapTHHY pa3BUTHA B CeJIOHCKHX H 3aNaHOsaTrambCKUX TOBOPaX, OCTAHOBHMCA Ha OTHOCHTesbHO-XPOHOJIOrH4eCKOM Cocrosnuu A (yKasaHHOM Ha cxeMe). 37}ecb MbI HMeeM 2 asiodoua a/d u a°/@ Apepuux *a/a, a Take enje He H3MeHMBUIMiica e/é (43 Mpasat. *e/é), ocTaTKM MoJOOHOrO cocTOAHHA elle MOxHO HaGI0gaTb B Ogre,,., Ergli,,, (Zarins 1931: 12-13). UMeHHo B 9TOT MOMeHT Ha¥yHHaeTCA pasIMuHe B alibHeitemM pa3sBuTHH rity6oKux JatTrasbeKux (*e/@ > a/d, *a/a > a/d u *a°/a® > 0/6 > 0/uo), 60 | Mapa A. CEPKAHT ¢ OAHOH CTOpOHbI, H CeOHCKHX roBOpoB C Apyroit CTOpoHEI, rye a/a ui a°/a (U3 *a/@) copnayaior B a°/@, a *e/€ CTaHOBATCA HOBBIMH G/d M1 Jasiee OHM BCe M10 2oft JaOMaM3allM4H MoryT cnopagHM4eckH MepexoguTs B 0/6. To noBosy Toro, 4TO HelleperiacopaHHble MasaTasibHO aJIOoubI (ove *a Hi *A Jaslee pasBuBasiich B a’ Mt @ COOTB., COMHeHHH He BOSHHKaeT — MMeHHO B TaKoii ~opme (rT. e. a’, @ VWJIM 0, 6) OHM NOABIIAeTCH B COBPEMEHHBIX CEOHCKHX M 3aMa{HOMATTAsIbCKUX ToBopax. O Tom, 4TO a, a (<*e, *€) B ceOHCKHX roBopax OBLIM NOABeprHyTsi 2-oli JaGvanM3zalun, APKO CBUeTEbCTBYIOT CeAyIONHe MpuMep! —B ropopax Odziena,,,, Saviena, Ly M@triena,,,, Medni ago COVS (tévs) (6 = G, 0, 6%, ep. JJA: 20b), Saviena,,., bo*rnc, dots // dds; tous // té*us // té‘us (M. Poi§a, LVI) a Take H KpaTKHit 0: vocs, cp. JA: 20a (2-an naOvanus3ayna, cp. § 2.6.4.3). Tlocue sToro cenoHcKue Mi 3anaqHouaTrasbcKHe a’/a° WIM B HEKOTOpbIx ToBopax Ha CTajMM 4yTb paHbulle, T. €. a/d tipetepniemu 3-yio BepxHeNaTbIICKy10 Mepersiacosky (cM. § 2.9.2.3), KoTOpad NpOMcxogMa 3HadHTebHO TORKe, YeM 1-aa HW Mp Apyrux doneTHyeckux ycroBnax (cM. § 1.9.2.1). B nosMHH Nepey NaaTasbHbIMM TulaCHbIMH 3{eCb IPOHCXOAMT NepersacoBka a°/a > G/d WJIM Mocse Toro Kak a’/a’ > 0/0, TO 9TH HoBEIe 0/6 NepexoAT B O°/6°, 4TO 3aBUCHT OT roBOpa (cM. § 2.9.2.3.2). Henepersacopanubie xe 10 3-ei1 MepersacoBKe a°/a° WIM TIpucyTCTByIOT CeroqHA B 9TOM 2%Ke (bOpMe B roBopax JIM Mepeuiin B O/O. 2.6.4.3. 2-an JIaGnammsanA Ajatnpiit mpouecc yxe sarparupasica Bene. HyKe cnegyer ero JeTabHOe paccMoTpenne. 2.6.4.3.1. B CesIOHCKHX rOBOpaX, OFeBM HO, MpoMs0uUIa MOBTOpHaA JaOvamMsaWMA, He MMelolad HHYero OGmTero c 1-011 JaGHamMsaynen (§ 2.6.3.3). Cp. ipuMepst: z0)5, gola, skona B: Liezére,,,, Lubeja,,,, Médziile,,,, Gulbére,,, (Hauzenberga 1934: 176-181). JJanHbie o nepey ManaTasibHbIM COrsiaCHbIM BTOPHYHBbIe, TAK KaK HaxOAATCA B NOSHUMM JelicTBusa 1-olf MepernacoBKH U OIDKHEI GBM ObI WaT 3ecb a. 39@Cb MOXHO 6pIsI0 GbI BO3pa3HITb, YTO 1-aA MepersacoBaka MOrJIa BOBCe HM He AelicrBowath B CeOHCKUX TOBOpaX, OAHAKO MpOTHB STOO CBHAeTesBCTByeT TOT (Pak, UTO B HEKOTOpbIX CesIOHCKMX roBopax pacnpesesenue Ha d HO COxpaHUs0cb (§ 2.9.2.1.2), a Kpome Toro m cama apxaw4Hocts 1-oit nepernacosKu. JJasiee, B roBopax Odziena,,,, Saviena,,,, Métriena,,,, Medni,,,, Ha MecTe mpaslaTbuucKoro *e/é BcTpeyaeTca H aOvasH30BaHHBIM riacHblit 0, 0%, d/d, 6, 6* (cp. JJA: 20a u 20b), Hanpumep: Saviena,,,, bd*rnc, dé4ts // ddls; téus // t6*us // tdus (M. Poiga, LV), a Takxe HM KpaTkuii 0: vocs. O606mjaa cKa3aHHOe, MBI Zes1aeM BbIBOA, ITO Tepexoy a/a > 0/6 3fecb BTOPHUHEII H Jasiee ero MbI GyeM Ha3bIBaTh 2-O711 Wa6uannsauueli. B nosuyun, rye 3-Aa NanatasbHaa NepersacoBKa He JelicrByet, Mbl HMeeM cnejyioulee pasBuTie: @MOHETHYECKHE H3MEHEHMA B BEPXHENAT. QMANEKTE | 61 2-an JlaGvasmsayna 1 2 3 8 a) © of a 0 ——— a era (4 - aHanoru4no, ¢ HeNpHHYWnMatbHBIMH pazaHAMn) Tak HanpHMep, cocrosHHe 1 MbI euje HMeeM B roBopax Dzelzava,,,*°, Viesite,,., Pp 409 361 Nereta,,. (Endzelins 1951: 110) 18 Merbuteti crentenn (T. e. GuuxKe K 2) B Cesvaine,,,, Patkule,,., Sarkani,,,, Lazdona,,, (Elksnitis 1929: 128-129), cocroanme 2 B ropopax Liezére,,,, Lubeja,,., Médzile,,,, Gulbére,, , (Hauzenberga 1934: 178-179), cocroanne 3 8: Odziena,,,, Saviena,,,, Métriena,,., Medni,,, (cp. JA: 20b). Hecmortps ua To, uTo pation, re e/é u a/d copnasn B 0/4, 6, 6° (10 Hateli TepMHHOJIOrHH a°/d°), CpAaBHHTebHO HeOOJBUION, MbI HCXOAMM M3 TOTO, YTO paHee OH Opur Gombue M JMU NO AelIcrBMeM JMTepaTypHoro A3bIKa COKpaTHJICA, KpoMe TOFO, OYeBHHO, OOMIMM Cc JMTOBCKHMH roBopamH kupiskénai, anyksténai, B KOTOpbIX a > (cp. Zinkevitius 1966: 447, kapra N6), yunTiBas, YTO OHM MpuMbIKaloT K 9THM ropopam. 2.6.4.3.2. O TOM, 4TO 2-ad JAOMAINZAaLMA B CeOHCKHX roBopax — Mpolecc OYeHb nOsAHHH, CBUeTeENbCTBYIOT CeAYIOUIMe 3aMMCTBOBAHMA Halllero BpeMeHH: pose (Médziile,,,), mosina (Gulbére,,,) (Hauzenberga 1934: 178). Kpome Toro, KaK 6pis10 yxKe cKa3aHo Bone (§ 2.6.4.3.1) — 2-aa Jlabuann3zayua JelicTBoBama B HEKOTOpBIX roBopax nocie 3-el MepersacoBKH, cp. vocs — veci, B HEKOTOpbIX OHOBpeMeHHO C Heit, cp. mé‘li (uz mo‘ls = mali - mals) (Saviena,,, (M. PoiSa, LVI). 428 2.7.€>Ge>a 2.7.0. UccneqyaA amee HcTopHi0 u3MeHeHMA riacHbIx *e, *e, *€, *€, cregyeT OTMeTHTS, ITO Cy>KeHMe racHbIx Mpasar. *e, *€ nepey MaaTasbHbIMH PIaCHbIMM MIPOH3ONLO ene B MpasaTBIMICKy10 IN0xy"*, H MOTOMY 9Ta MeperacoBKa B JjaHHOIt pa6ote He oGcyxjaeTcA, a y3KHe npaBepxHenar. *e, *€ HM OTKpbITHIe *e, *€ paccMaTpHBaloTca Kak (OHEMBEI, yHaCIIeAOBaHHbIe M3 MpastaTbIIcKOro. * Cp. npwmeppt 1-of1 mepernacoskn: osaras — wakariy onHako Jonrue copnasH: toa ~ koajindm ay n (Kaulin 1890: 323-329) Heemorpa Ha Muerte Bpefisjaka (1977: 30), 414 Koroporo tleperaacopka *e > a, *8 > A Hepey HemasiaTasbHbIMH — TOAIBKO BepXHENATBIMICKHIt MPOUeCc, MPH 3TOM, OHAKO, IPUHUMAA NPoMexYTouHe COCTOAHMe snl BepXHeATHIICcKOTO *e > *e, *@ > *€, ITO %Ke CocToAHME BOCCTAHABAMBAeTCA H ANIA MIpaslarHicKoro. TakiiM O6pasom, Jui mpegToNOxKeHMA BpeiiaKka Her ocHosanMi, JlelicrsuTessHBIM ocTaetes yrBepxkaeHie IHAserHHa (Endzelins 1951 108) 0 ‘TOM, 4TO Mporlecc pasioxeHua *e 1 *€ Ha OTKPBITHIE a/LIOcOHEI ¢ H & Tepe HenaslaranbHpiMn MPocxoyt ene B MpastaTBIIcKoM. B cBAGH C STHM Ht TepMHH «TOsHUHOHHAN MepersacoBKa», vicrtommayempiii Bpeliwakom, He MoXer ObiTb 3jlecb HcrIomIOBAH, T.K “e > an *€ > GRO BceX cBonx nosHuMax. ¥-ke ropasgo nosxke AeiicrBoRasia 3-aN Meper1acoBKa B CesIOHCKHX FOBOpaX, BeslegcTBue KoTOpoli a/d (< *e/8) cHoBa pacmemmica Ha Ba aztodora (cm. § 2.9.2.3) H 4-an Nepersiacopka, rie 3aKpBITHIe *€/€ B HEKOTOPHIX s1aTTAAIbCKHX FOBOpaX TaIKe pacilenuisINcb (om. § 2.9.2.4). Py 62 | Unoa A. CepxanT @opmbi CesJIOHCKHX (HM JaTraJIbCKMX) roBopoB, Halipumep: mads, tavs Bpeiiyak (1981b: 90) conocrassmer c madils «meg», tdvas «orer» Ha TeppviTopHu ceBepoBocTouHol JImTBpl, HarnpMep: Anyks¢iai, Kupiskis. bpeiiqak Bo3sBoAuT TO ABIeEHMe KO BpeMeHH CylleCTBOBaHHA Ha STOI TeppHTopun JIMTBEI CeMOHCKHX MIemeH, a MMeHHO K TlepBoMy — Hayasly BTOporo TbIcAYeseTHA Halelt 9ppI. Kak, ogHaKO, 6y eT nlokasaHo Hue (§ 3.3), STO He COBCeM IpaBJIbHas PopMysIMpoBKa. 2.7.1. OYeBHAHO, YTO Mepexoy OTKPbITHIX NpaBepxHesaT. *e/é B A/G WIM axe B HeKOTOpbIX CesIOHCKUX FoBopax 4,0/d,0 (cM. HUDKe § 1.7.2), Npovicxogu MosTanHO, M pa3sIM4Hble CTaqMM JaHHOrO Mepexoja COXpaHHJIMCb B pa3HBIX TOBopax. Tak, HanpuMmep, B Sausnéja,,, Gonee apxaw4Had CTYNeHb — BeAPH30BaHHEIe e/e (Kaulins 1933: 11). . B HeKoTOpbIX HermyOOKUX CeIOHCKHX roBopax, HanpuMep: Odziena,,,, Saviena,,,, Métriena,,., Medni, i4ao° KOTOpbIe MEX Jy cOGoli coctaBmmoT OGIy1O reorpanyeckyio rpynty, Hapsvy c d (a B Medni,,, 1 qaxe @) Ha Mecte mpasiaTIIcKoro *€ BCTpeyaeTCA M aOMaM30BaHHbIii riacHbiii d, 0, 0° (cp. JIA: 20b). YunTeiBas, YTO ped 3ecb He HJeT O JONOAHMTeNbHO AUcTpHOyyMH, a npusHaK JaOvasIM30BaHHOCTH MpHcyTCTByeT HIM OTCYTCTBYeT B OAHOM HM TOM xe NOsHyHH, MOXHO Cjles1aTb BBIBO/, YTO JaHHan JaOvaM30BaHHOCTS (2-an NaGuamusayua, cp. § 2.6.4.3) ABJIAeTCA, CKOpee BCerO, MCKOHHOHi 10 OTHOMIEHHIO K é Hi G, ABJIAIONIMMCA pesyBTaTOM peTporpaguoro pasBHTHA NOY BIMAHMeM JMTepatTypHOro ABbIKa, T. e. 4, 6, & > d(> 8) um o606mjeHHeM no aHanorun (B cryyae ¢ é) pesystbTaTOR 3-eit nepersiacoBKu. Ha Bo3MOxKHOe BUIMAHMe COCeJHHX FOBOpOB yKa3bIBaeT reorpaduyecKoe pacnosIOXeHHe JAHHbIX TOBOPOB Ha rpaHule paltoHor Cc é H d. OcoGeHHO 3TO CTaHOBHTCA NOHATHO TIpH paccMOTpeHHH roBopa Medni,,,, re ab HasIM30BaHHBIIt G, 0, 0° Obl OTMe¥eH HapAy C OCHOBHBIM 2, HOCKOJIbKY MOHATHO, YTO riacHbiit G, 6, 6" He MOr pa3BHTbCA HeMOcpejCTBEHHO M3 Hero, a JOIHKEH OBI IpOXOAMTb CTaqHIO G, KoToporo B 9TOM roBope HET, T. €. OTCYTCTBYeT HEOOXOAMMoe 3BeHO. Takum o6pa3oM, Moce mepexoya @ > G, e > a, HoBOe a/d B HeKOTOpbIX HerayOoKHx CesIOHCKHX roBopax GELIO Jasiee aGHaM30BaHO (§ 2.6.4.3) BMecTe CO cTapbIM, OCTaBLIMMcs# nocste 1-oi1 nepersacoBKH. Oba 3TH 3BYKa B 3THX rOBOpax cosnasn, cp. gola (marr. gala) u vocs (cpeqHemat. vecs). Tlogsoga utor, mpHBosAMM cxemy pasBuTHs. Bce HYDKe yKa3aHHBle CTaqMH 3acBHAeTesbCTBOBAHBI B CeIOHCKHX POBOPaX B 3aBMCMMOCTH OT apXaM4HOCTH/ HeapxaMUHOCTH KOHKpeTHOrO roBopa, a TakxKe ero reorpadH4eckoro pacnom0x*KeHnA: 335 Tlepexog *e/é B a/a 2-aa Jla6vannsayna aTrasmcKHe H Psi. cemoHCKHE ‘TOJIBKO B HEKOTOPBIX HerstyOOKHX roBopbr ceIOHCKHX ropopax ¢/é —————» a/a ——a/a &/a ———> 0/6 2.7.3. JA OTHOCHTEbHOM JaTHPOBKH MBI MOXeM CKa3zaTb, YTO Mpolecc mepexoqa mpapepxHesat. *e u *€ B CesIOHO-saTr. a, @ 3aBePUIMJICA Nocte WelicTBHA 1-o11 Pay Apyrux npHmepos perporpagoro pasBHITHA Nos BUIMAHHeM uTepatypHoro AabIKA ormewmores 8 Bpelistax (1989). @MOHETHYECKHE H3MEHEHMA B BEPXHESAT. AHANEKTE | 63 TleperacoBKH, Tak Kak ero pe3y.IbTaT (a/) He Ob OxBayeH 1-Oi1 MepermacoBKOit, KpOMe TOro [10 TO IPHYHHe, YTO B HEKOTOPbIX HersIyOOKHX CeIOHCKHX FOBOpax ITOT 3BYK COXpaHMJIca, T. €. 34ech: e/é HIM A/a. Kpome Toro, ero pesyIbTAT TOMbKO B JIATTasIbCKMX HO He B CeJIOHCKHX rOBOpax CoBIasI ¢ a/d H3 MaJlaTasIbHOrO KOHTeKcTa 1-0/4 nepersacoBku, B CeIOHCKHX Xe roBopax 9TOrO CoBMaeHHA (PoHeM *e ui *E C auiodovaMnu a HM 4, NOAYYMBIIMMUCA M3 MpaBepxHesaT. *a uM *a B MasaTasIbHOM KOHTeKcTe 1-01 NepersacoBKH He MpoMsoulo (qasee B § 2.9.2.1.3). YUMTHIBAA TOT (pakT, uTo 1-as MepersacoBka Npoucxogusa euje B OOUIeM, IpaBepxHesaTHIICKOM J3bIKOBOM apeasle, MOXKHO IpeAMOSOXKUTS, YTO COBMAeHMe B JaTrasbCKHX roBOpax HOBBIX @ H G (43 MpaBepxHesaT. *e vw *€) c aIOdoHaMn a Hu G, NonyyHBUIMMHCA M43 MpabepxHeslaT. “a u *4 B MaslaTasIbHOM KOHTeKcTe 1-of MepermacoBKH, eCTb ABJICHHE JOBOJIbHO M031Hee HHe CBAZAHHOe CCaMoOii MepersacoBKoii. 2.7.4. Ivo KacaeTca aGCOMOTHOL JaTHpOBKH, TO 37e@Cb MOXHO MIpHBecTH NpHMepbi 43 namaTHuKos XIII 4 XIV Bs. Gulbana (< Gulbene), Barsono (cp. nat. berzs) (Bpetigak 1977: 30). 2.8.6 > (> ia) > @/ie, e > %e 2.8.1. PedseKcbl Josroro HM KpaTKoro 3aKpbITbIX NpaBepxHeslaT. *e H *€ pacTipeAesHJIMCb Cie fyIoN4M OOpa3zom: Ha ceBepe Jlatramun Ao yposns Baltinava,,, BKJIOYHTEJIbHO MbI HMeeM *€ > ie, *e > 'e > e€ BO BCeX NOSHIIMAX; *e/E > e/€ Ha toro-3anaye oT Atasiene,,, H Ha caMom lore BoKpyr Jjayrasnustca, Viski,.., a TaKKe B CeIOHCKHX roBopax (HanpuMep, Sausnéja,,.). Bwentpe xe JlaTrasmM MBI uMeem 06a BapuaHta, i *é > ie, *e >eu *E > @ *e > e. Hanbonee BeposTHBIM OObaCHeHHeM 3yecb HaM MpegcTaBsAetca cuepyroujee. U3HayasbHO BCe y3KHe *e/@ Nepellin B NawatTasMsupyiwlne ’e/’é usu ‘a/ia, TO ecTb Npolecc, O4eH HaNOMHHaOMHit npesomMseHne (Brechung), HanmpuMep, B HOpBexXCKOM. 3aTeM xe, no Mepe JenasaTansaljun CormacHbIx Ha lore, woro-sanlaye a TakxKe Ha 3amaye (B Cenounn), ‘a/ia > ‘e/ie nepeman B e/é. Curyaua B WeHTpambHol Jlatranun, rye OJHOBpeMeHHO MIpucyTeTByIT u ¢/ie U1 e,ia,d/é,id,d, perynupyerca 4-oii Jlatrambckoli nepermacosKoli (cM. HHxKe § 2.9.2.4). B cesepHOsaTrasIbCKHX roBOpax, BUMMO, Mpoyecca NpesOMIeHHA He ObuUIO, 34eCb TOJIbKO ie, HIM Ke 3yecb 'e/ie > e/ie. B Tlosb3y pasBuTHA *e/*E > ’a/ia > 'e/ie > e/é Bpeiiqax*® (1989: 203-4) npuBoguT BeckHe apryMeHTbI, a HMeHHO: Nautréni,,, gald < gala, vale < vala, gtioje < gaja, iJani,,, glojd, rae BuAHO, 4TO 'a > 'e > e. Mocnequnit stan Opi cBagaH c jenanlaTasMsalveli CormacHbIx, KOTOpbIe COXpaHMJIMCh JIM B CHTPasIbHO-BOCTOYHOI YacTH r1yOOKUXx JaTrasibCKHX roBopos (cp. Bpeligak 1994: 156 u 163). B HeKoTopbIxX ropopax y3KHe *€ TOMbKO B ONpeeEHHBIX MOSHI{MAX NepeliH B é (Endzelins 1951: 109). 2.8.2. B OKOHYAHHAX, IpaKTHYeCKH, BO BCX BepXHe/aTBILICKHX FOBOpax Mpou30mleyI nepexog Kpatkoro *e/*é > ’e/’é (Endzelins 1951: 104-105), a B HeKoToppIx B > ia (d), rye ia — npocro nanaTanusyioulnit a, HanpuMep: Zjamja, milot’a 13 % Bpeiiqak Hassinaet 2Tor mpouecc neperstacoKoit. 70 | Unpa A. CepxKAHT 2.9.2.2 5. BONPOC BPEMEHM JEMCTBMA 2-OM MEPEFIACOBKH HW NOSHIMA SHASENHHA YuurTpipad TOT Pakt, yToO ruiacHbiit i, CooTBeTCTBYIOLMi Y APyrux roBopos, Tlepersacopky He BbI3bIBaeT (Endzelins 1951: 110-111), mb! BpIHy%*keHbI mpexroJIOXUT, YTO MepersacoBka NpaBepxHemar. *i > yu *i > i mpequmectBoBasta 1-o11 meperyiacoske. AHaslorn4Hoe cykqeHHe ObLIO yxKe BbICKa3aHO B Ancitis (1977: 65). Oquako JaHHoe npeAnosoxKeHHe HeceT B cebe HeKOTOpbIe TpyAHOCTH: 1) Taku 06pa30M MbtI BbIHYKTeHbI IPUHAT, YTO JaHHaA MepersacoBka camaA ApeBHAA, Jaxe ApeBHeli, 4eM NpasaTHUICKaH MepersacoBKa *e/*@ > *e/*E / *e/*@, U3 stToro Obl clleqoBaO, YTO HeKOr a M B OCTANbHBIX JlaTbILNICKUX AManeKTax cyulecTBoBayia aibTepHanna i/ y. OfHaKO NOABsIeHHe 3ByKa y B JaTBIMICKHX 1 JIMTOBCKHX POBOpaX HaM KaKeTCA BCe-TaKH Goslee 103{HHM ABJIEHHeM. 2) MbI BBIHY>KqeHbI Jase NpUsHaTb, YTO JaHHaA MepersacoBKa JelicTByeT C TUX ApeBHUX BpeMeH H NO CerOAHALIHMH TeHb, NOCKObKy B roBopax, B PoHeTH4eCKOii CHCTeMe KOTOpBIX IIpHCyTCTBYeT 3ByK Y, 3BYKH i H y pacipeyenmortca crporo 3aKOHOMEPHO HM, B HOBBIX YCIOBMAX, TaKKe COrIacHO NpaBHiaM JelicTBHA JaHHii nepersacopKu. Hanpumep: Akniste,,,: cylvaks nepey -a13 *e, myntitie (muHyta). B sTHx ropopax JaHHOMy pacnpeyeneHuio TakxKe NOAYMHAIOTCA ped1eKCbI onroro *i >yun iu, B 3aBMcHMocTH OT Nocnepyroulero riacHoro, cp. JJA: KapTBI 48 u 43,44, TIpu Takoit cuTyaljMn CTOHT ele pas NpoBepHTb yNOMAHYTbIe QHA3eIMHOM (cM. BBIIe) CIyYAH, Pe NOJYYMBUIMIICA M3 JaHHONi MepersacoBKH y He aeT MaslaTasIbHOli neperacoBKu Mp MpasaTbIicKol MepersacoBKe M Tipu 1-O/1 BepxHesaTBILICKOit mepermacoske. J[pesHuiit npasar. *i B cpeqHeM cyore nepey MpamarT. HenasaTabHBIM I'IaCHbIM MM€CTCA TOJIbKO B HEMHOrHX Cy@duKcax, a MMeHHO: iarOsbHbIt cyouxc -indt u wmMennoit cyouxc -ins (-ync). TIpu stom cutyayua c cypuKcom -indt, cnejlyiouuM 3a OCHOBaMH C NpaGaT. *a/A, HOBONbHO ci10x%*KHas. Bo MHOrHx cay YasAX JaHHbIil Y BbISbIBAeT MasIaTaJIBHY10 MepersacoBky, cp. HanpuMep: batynuét «GeIMTb, OTSeMBaTb» (H balts) BMecto **bolynuot, ktabynu6t «cry4aTb» Kalupe,,., Viski,,,, zadynuét «npuBetcrBoBatb» Varaklani (Bpeiiqax 1989: 159). MomHocrsio mpoTHBonoctaByieHa 9TOMy cuTyayua B Akniste,,, (Ancitis 1977: 65), rae cybuKe -ynodt’ BbI3sbIBaeT BeLApHy!0 MepersiacoBKy *e > *e, cp. vadynodt (vedinat), Ho He BbISbIBaeT TepersiacoBKu *a > *a > * > 0, cp. batynoat. BosMoxHo, B cryyae c batynoat urpana posh aHasorna B BOKaIH3Me KOpHA: -a- + -ynoat, vadynodt xe m0 OracoBKe KOpHA CooTBeTCTByeT MT. vadinti, T. e. 3qecb AeiicTBOBana 1-an meperyiacopka, Kosie6aHvA 3{eCb MoryT ObIT BbISBAHBI aOAyTOM, KaK B cJIy4yae C vadynodt, a Tawke anastorneit. JuA3enuH (Endzelins 1951: 117) ykasprpaer Ha euye OAHY BO3MOxKHOCTH aHasoru opMbr Ha Jat. -it, aut. -inti, KoTOpble TaKKe MOTJIN MOBMMATS Ha KOPHeBO! ri1acHbIli, Hanpumep dedzit u dedzinat. HemuorounicyeHuble MpiMepbi HMeH C cyppHKCOM -ync/ -yns BCe, Tak WIM MHaye, MOKa3biBal0T, YTO 34eCb Npatatmickad u 1-aad BepxXHEaTBILICKaA NeperiacoBKH BBISbIBAIOT BeJAPU3alfH410 KOPHEBOTO PlacHOro, T. €. MPH MpasiaTbILICKOit Mepersiacopke *e > *e, a put 1-0/1 BepxHesaTbILICKOH NepersacoBKe MbI HMeeM *a > 0 *a @MOHETHYECKHE H3MEHEHMA B BEPXHESAT. QMANEKTE | 71 > 6 > uo: sorkins (sarkans), gradzyns ,,gredzens“*’, klodtyn, nodtync (uckmouenne Sapync < sapnis, rye 3aKoHoMepHa 1-an MajlaTasbHas MepermacosKa) (Ancitis 1977: 65). Kpome otoro ele cnejyet o6cyuTb opp! desmit c y3Kum e u dasmytais ca < mpaBepxHeyiaT. *e. COXHOCTb aHHOrO MpuMepa COCTOHT B TOM, 4TO -iB OGeHX (popMax He ABIAeTCA 9THMOJOPHYeCKHM M BO3HHK CKOpee BCerO OTHOCHTEJIbHO 1103HO Mi Mo TeM xe TIpHYHHaM, TO H -UB UguNs < “ugns < *ugnis, T. e. *desimt > (Bropu4Ho) > *desmt > desmit. Pacnpeyenenne *e u *e coorsercrsyer masiaTasIbHOCTH/ HeMlasaTasIbHOCTH COOTBETCTBYIOWIMX JIMTOBCKUX (opm, cp. desmit ui amt. desimtis, dasmytais u nur. desSimtas. OqHaKO, Ha OCHOBAHMM TONbKO 9TOTO mpuMepa npegnosiarars, uTo 2-axa MepersacoBka ObLIa paHbllle HJIM O{HOBpeMeHHO ¢ mpajlaTbulcKoli M 1-Off BepxHesaTBIICKOM MepersacoBKaMH, MBI He pellaemca. Urak, nogBeyem mpomexyTouHbiit “Tor: oTriarosbHbIit cydduKc -indt jaer cMellaHHble JaHHble, NOCKOIbKYy MOABepxKeH pasHoro poga aHasIorHAM, HMeHHOIt cyue -ync/ -yns ctumysMpyer BesIapn3anMio NpeAbIyuero riacHoro mpH 1-01 Wi MpasaTBmMcKoi nepersiacoBkax. Takoli BbIBOA NOHOCTHIO COOTBeETCTBYeT MpegmoJIOXKeHHIO SHAZeIMHA, O TOM, YTO B 3THX (bOpMax ObLI BeEAPH3yIONIMM KOHTeKCT. TIpH mposepKe 9THx MpHMepos Gpocaetca B ria3a OANA OCcObeHHOCTE: MapasjlesIbHO cy@uKcam mpaBepxuHesar. *-ins u *-indt B Tex %ke CaMBIX (PopMax, Cc TeMH %Ke CaMbIMH JIEKCeEMaMH HC TEM Xe CaMbIM 3Ha4YeHHeM B ApPyrHx WuaseKTax MbI BCTpeyaem (popMbl Ha -ens (marins ,,.mérens“, gradzync ,,gredzens“ u pay Ap. (Endzelins 1951: 309)) u -endt (3gecb cuTyalia c10%*HeN, cm. Endzelins 1951: 833). B ocoGenHocrn cpe HMeH MbI HMeeM [IpakTHYeCKH NOHO COOTBETCTBHE: BepXHE/1ATBILICKOMY (3a HCKJIOYeHHEM HeKOTOpbIX HerlyOOKHX CeJIOHCKHX FBOOPOB) -ync/ -yns cooTBeTcrByet -ens (HJM ero BUJOH3MeHeEHHA) ApyrHx ropopos. Maso Toro, WaxKe AA @opmpI Hapewns klodtyn (Akniste,.., Ancitis 1977: 65) umeerca mapasWienbHaa dopa klaten (BW. 13268, 19, 24 apud ME, 218-219). Moxer mm 301€Cb HATH peub 0 (POHETHYeCKOM Nepexose cpesHeH HIDKHEJIaT. -ens B BepXHesaT. -ins, Tpy{HO CKa3aTb: HECMOTps Ha TO, 4TO -ens > -ins GbuT GbI (POHETHYECKH BHOHE ecTecTBeHHEIM NepexofoM, cp. mpasiat. “en > *€ > ie a Takxe, Hanpumep, Preili,,, akmin’s, rudin’$ Ho nepey rnacuem gen. pl. akmen’ (akmenu) (Turkopulis 1928: 12). T. €. BO3MOXHO, YTO 3feCb B TABTOCHJIaGM4eCKON NOSMYHH B Gesy{apHbIX CsIOrax nepeutex 8 -i-, a B MOSHI Tepes racHBIM -ecoxpaHHsI0cb. O TOM, 4TO B THX popmax -iJosDKeH ObITb BTOPHIHEIM, CBHETEJIbCTBYIOT JIMTOBCKHe (OpMBI, cp. gen. sg. akmeiis, rudefis. OqHaKo Ip 9TOM CTOHT NpHHMMaTs BO BHHMaHHe JIMTOBCKHe rularowbl Ha -inti vi -enti, KOTOpbIe BPAY JIM CBAZaHbI CboHeTHMYeCKH. Tak HH MHaye, Ha Halll BSTJIAL, NpaBHJibHei CuMTATb, YTO BeApHsayHA pH 1-oit uM MpamareILcKOii MepersiacopKax Tepes y, 10 KpaitHeit Mepe, He JoKa3aHa, a CKopeii Bcero -y BOSHHKJIO 3fecb H3 -i 10 2-o1i NepersiacoBKe, a -i, B CBOIO OYepe Ab, NOABHJIOCS Ha MecrTe npaBepxHeslaT. *e doHeTH4eCKH HM Mop(osorMyeckH. @ TIpumepst naar TOKO M3 FAYGOKHX sATTABCKUX 1 PIYGOKUK CEMOHCKUX POBOPOB, 13 Endzelins (1951. 309), nockonsky B HernyGoKHX CesIOHCKHX POBOPAX CHTYALIMIs OCTOKHEHA 2-off naGHasnsamneli, 3-ef1 MepernacoBKOil 1 4aCTHYHbIM CoBrajeHHeM pesystsTaTOB 1-oit nepersiacoBkH. 72 | Mapa A. CEpxAHT Takum 06pa30M Mbi yTBepxAaeM, YO J0G60e HEKOHEe4HOe Mpasar. *-iBbISbIBaJlo NpasaTSinicky10 Hi 1-yi0 BepXHeaTHIMNICKY10 MasaTasIbHBIe MepersacOoBKH mpegbigzyujero rsracnoro. [ospyenne xe Ha MecTe aToro *-i3ByKa -ynepeq Heflepej[HHM TslaCcHbIM CHlegyroulero cora (2-an nepersacoBKa) BOSHMKIO yxe nosxe. Uro Kacaerca *-i B KOHIe COBa, TO TYT CyMecTBOBasIO 2 (poHEMBI — OHA *~j < poctounobanr, *-i / *-iai / *-ie) nanaTannsyromas npeAbILyINHi CoriacHBIit Vf BISBIBAIOMad TMaslaTasIbHyio tepersacopKy (mpasaTeuuicKkyto, 1-yio BepxHear., 2-yl0 BepxHeslaT.) M BTOpad — HenaaTamMsyronjad (*-i < BocrouHobasT. *-ai), HeBBISIBAIOWaA MepersacoBKy, KOTOpBIe BHOCeACTBHe aM -i H -y, 9TUMOsOruyeckoe pacnpeeseHMe KOTOPBIX B rOBOpaXx MO3AHee OBLIO BO MHOFHX C1y4YaAx yTepano (§ 2.9.2.2.4.1). 2.9.2.2.6. AcHee o6cTouT cuTyalHa c 3-eft MepernacoBKoil. 39ecb OYeBHAHO, ITO pacnpegejieHne mpapepxHenar. *i Ha i my npousomui0 Ao 3-ei mepernacoBKn, NOCKOJIbKY 34€Cb Y BLISHIBAeT BEAPH3ALIMIO MpesbIyMero ryacHoro, a -"i — MasiaTamMsainio, cp.: Sausnéja,,.: salypynat Ho sdlipinu u ap. (Kaulin’ 1933: 13). 2.9.2.3. 3-an BepxHenarninckas TMepersaconka 2.9.2.3.0. JJanHas NepersacoBKka OxBaTbIBaeT PylacHble, AHTOuTU: a/d/o, w/a /o, u, (Wi), uo, ie: — Mepersiacoska MpoucxoguT nepey ManatTasbHBIMM r1aCHbIMH B TOM cyIy4ae, ecuIM Nepe{ HAMM He HaXOAMTCA OHH M3 CHeAyIoMMX corsmacHBIx: k, g, k, & j, & dz, 5, 2, |, n Ges pagom crosmero r, |, m, s, z, p, bum & — rlacubiit y, a Tae riacublit i, cooTBeTCTBYIONIMI y APyrHx roBopos, Meperacopky He BbisbIBaeT (Endzelins 1951: 133; Kaulifi 1887: 221); ~ Kak npaBrio, riacublit @ He nogyaerca NepersmacoBKe 3a MCKIOVeHHeM HeKOTOpbIxX ToBopos, cp. mitret, atsi't’ij (Plavinas,,,, Ivenu 1928: 63); — llepersiacoska HenocpegcTBeHHO nepeg i AelicTByeT TOKO B HeEKOTOpBIX roBopax, cp. paifinat ,,verkiirzen“ p Sausnéja,,., Vietalva,,,, Ho pdifindt B Piebalga (Kaulini 1887: 215); — Kpome toro, nepersacoBaHubiit e (43 a) He BbISbIBAeT MepernacoBKH B Cuesyroujem cuore: nabedfint/ch, aferina (Kaulii 1887: 220). Tlepermacoska HaOso0qaeTcA NpakTHyecKH Ha BCeil TeppHTOpHH CeOHCKHX rOBOpoB, a TaKKE B HEKOTOPHIX 3allaqHOsaTrasbCKUX roBopax, cp. JA: 55a, JA: 55e, JIA: 54a, 55e, JIA: 53., 55d. Cnegyrouyue npumepsi 13 Sausnéj ga5 Vietalva,,,: JStoepints [-uoe-] (Kaulifi 1887: 215), roezina ,Handchen“, moezit ,,qualen“ (Kaulin 1887: 220). B rayOoknx ceOHCKHX roBopax 3-as NepersacoBKa He JelicrByerT, cp.: Akniste,, (Ancitis 1977: 48-62) mola — malina, Nereta. (Bigolis: 1932: 64-65). 2.9.2.3.1. Yxe 43 camoro dboHeTH4ecKoro ycIOBMA 3-eli MepermacoBKH BHHO, 4TO OHa GbLIa 3HAYHTeSIBHO Mose NepBBIX ABYX: — Nepernacoppipaerca G6ubIUIee KOJIMYECTBO P1ACHBIX; M35? 34 68 (Mengele 1939: 98-99), Birzi,, 365, 2 @MOHETHYECKHE H3MEHEHHA B BEPXHEJAT. QHANEKTE | 73 — Mleperyiacopka Meet mpakTHyeckn perysiapHblit xapaxtep (Endzelins 1951: 133), a He NposBJIAeTCA KaK PeMMHHCHeEHIMA ObLIOrO Mpouecca; — TaylaTambHble cormacHble, BOSHHKUIMe M3 KOMOHHalMH cj caMM no cebe He COsMaHOT 3eCh NasaTaIbHOrO OKpyXeHHA, HeEOOXOAMMOTLO AJA MaslaTasbHOit repeTHAaCOBKH, MaO TOYO, TIpensATcTByIOT NamaTaMsayMn. CeqOBaTesIbHO, ITH 3BYKU Ao Havana Jeiicraua 3-ei MepernacoBKM yxKe OTBEpAesH; — B Tex ropopax, re Hobie a/d (u3 *a/a u “e/é) nepeuuM B 0/6, NanaTambHaA MeperiacoBka MpOMcxOAMT HMeEHHO C 3THMM HOBBIMH 0/0, a He CO CTapbIMH a/a, Kak 9TO MpoHcxoAMIO mpH 1-ori nepersiacopKe, cp.: m6‘li (43 m6*ls = mali — mals) (Saviena,,.. (M. PoiSa, LVI); — nepersacoppipaioTca BO BCeX OOpa3z0BaHMAX (a He TOKO B ycTapeBIIHX) MpucTaBKU, B 3aBMCHMOCTH OT KOpHeBOrO ryiacHoro rularoua, HampuMep: sdpit (Sausnéja,,., Kaulin§ 1933: 15); — TleperlacopKa MpOMcxoAMT mocie nepexoya Au@roura -ai# > -i > -'i. Stor AMTOHY He BbIsbIBaeT 1-Of1 MaaTasbHOH nepermacosKH (Endzelins 1951: 111). Tospko nocie nosHoro nepexoga -ai# > -i > -'i JaHHOe OKOHYAHMe MOxeT BBI3BIBaTb NalaTasibHy0 NepersacoBKy, YO H MPOMCXOAMT MPH AaHHO!l MepersacoBKe, cp. mpumepti: redi Médzilla,,,, Liezére,,,, Lubeja,,, (Hauzenberga 1934: 180); pastdesti, gada'si Sausnéja,,, (Kaulins 1933: 14); — OYHb MO3 AHH 3aHMCTBOBAHHA NOABEprIMCh ITOH MepersacosKe: stencija, bénie (= bani < nem. Bahn), MandZirija, telaptio‘nc Médzilla,,,, Liezére,,,, Lubeja. (Hauzenberga 1934: 181); ~— JaHHas nepermacopka, O4eBH AHO, 1103xKe 2-oi1 NeperacoBKH, NOCKODKy NosyYHBUIMHCA B pesyIbTaTe 2-oli MeperstacOBKH Y BbISBIBAeT 3/{€Cb BEJAPHBIII asOdoH, a i ManaTanbubiii, CreqopaTesbHo, BO BpeMA JelicTBHA 3-eii nepermacopKu 2-aAn NeperyiacopKa yoxe uMeuia (cp. § 2.9.2.2.4). 2.9,2.3.2. BBHAY KOJIMYeCTBa NPOMSOMeUIMX POHETHYECKHX M3MeHEHHI NpeajlaraeM HuxKe OGIy10 CXemy pa3BHTHA MpaBepxHesaT. *a/*2 AO CeMOHCKHX FroBOpos: 329 18° 4037 329 JlatrampcKnit Tlpaceronckuit Cenoncknti Cenouckuit TpanatranscKuit (run Medni,.,,.) nocae TI, o< a a &, 0°, a°, 0. 0°, a°, 0 6 ar e mo ma > (coorsetcTByioule jure racHble aHanorH4Ho) Mrak, Kak BHyHO, MIpakTHYeCKH, U3 BCexX NpaBepxHeviaT. *a/a, *e/€ BOSHMKIN B CeJIOHCKHX TOBOpaX 3BYKH Ha BCeM JHama3z0He OT a/ G JO 0/ 0, TOKO JMU TalavasM30BaHHbill pesybTaT 3-ef NeperacoBKH OTIM4YAeTCA OT OCTAIIHBIX. 74 | Manoa A. CepxKaHT 2.9,2.3.3. Kak ormeuaer Kaulins (1933: 13), mepersacopKa He 3aTparuBaer rsiacHble npasiat. *e/*€, HECMOTPA Ha TO, YTO Ha NepBBIi BIA M WJ ITHX PyIaCHbIX MMeI0TCA Mapp, HallpuiMep: nast - nesiet. OHaKO B JjaHHOM Cydae, KaK OTMeyaeT aBTOP, MbI HMeeM Jjes10 C pedsleKcaMu NpasiaTbINCKOH MepersacoBKH (§ 2.9). T. e. *e/*@ > e/€ > a/G B HelasiaTaJIbHOM KOHTeKCTe H “e/*é > e/é > e/€ B MaslaTasibHom (§ 2.8.1). Cp. HampHmep: sakls — sekli, calt — celu — PoHeTH4eCKHe KOHTeKCTHI, Ipv KoTOpbIx 3-s NepersiacoBKa He JelicTByeT! 2.9.2.3.4. B CeJIOHCKHX H HeKOTOpbIX 3aMaqHOaTrasbcKHXx roBopax (JIA: 53., 55d) nepernacospipaetca TaKxKe M AudToHr ie ié, ie’, ia Nepeg HeNepeqHHM UB ie Nepey NanaTasbHbIM ryiacHbIM, HanpHimep: iala Ho ielina, liapa Ho liepina, siava no sievina (Plavinas,,,, Ivenu 1928: 84). 2.9.2.3.5. Uo KacaeTCA AGCOIOTHOM XPOHOJIOrHH, TO 37/ecb cHeMyeT yuecTs ciieAyloume aktst: nos qHHe 3aMcTBOBaHHA TakxKe MpeTepriesim MepersacoBKy, cp. 1) a > 4: Sausnéja,,., Vietalva,,,: Parife, kldweeres, kanzals u yp. (Kaulii 1887: 225); Nos qHHe 3aMMCTBOBAHHA Take IpeTepmiemM nepersacoBKy, cp. Dzelzava,,. Dodwids (cp. koa = ka, tam xe) pu grakus (= grékus) (Kaulifi 1890: 322), Jodniti (= Janiti) (Kaulin 1890: 326); 2) a > 6: Sausnéja,,., Vietalva,,,: gldefe (Kauliti 1887: 225); 3) u > u': Sausnéja,,., Vietalva,,, muindeerint/ch (Kaulift 1887: 225); 4) uo > uo*: Sausnéja,,., Vietalva,,,: boede (cp. cpegnesat. budde, 13 CHH, ME,, 360), goews (cp. cpequestat. guovs) (Kaulin 1887: 225), 34ecb BeposTHO uo® > O°. TIpHHHMas BO BHMMaHMe 3TH MHOFOUMCIeHHbIe 103 {He 3aHMCTBOBAHHA a TAKE OTHOCHTeJIbHO-XpOHOJIOrMYeCKHe JaHHBIe, MbI MOXKEM C/esATb BIBOA, YTO aHHaA nlepersacoBKa B CeJIOHCKMX roBopax (MM B HEKOTOPbIX NPHMBIKAIOMIMX saraHO-NaTTaJIbCKHX) — OY€Hb TO3AHee ABJIeEHHe. OAHAaKO, ¢ Apyroii cropoHbl, MepersacoBKa AOsvKHa Opiia HavaTbCA AO COKpAallleHHA KpaTKMX Ps1aCHbIX B 3aKPbITOM Moce HEM cuore, cp. muims, juims (Sausnéja,,, (Kaulifi 1887: 226-227) aut. instr. mumis, jumis, a tawxe bdlfs (= balss), goews (< guo‘vs = govs), kuirs ,,wer“. BosspaTHan uacrnya s < si, cKopee BCero, NeperyacoBKy BCe-TakH He BbISBIBaeT, KaK CHMTAs Ongsemu (Endzelins 1951: 134). Taxue dbopmt Kak -veres, beres, -du'res BO3HMKIM uz *-re-s < *-ria-s. OqHaKO OKOHYaHHe HHMHUTHBa -i ObLIO yTepAHO eye WO Hawaza JelcTBUA 9TOH NepernacoBKH, cp. capt, kart, carat, dst (Kaulin’ 1933: 14). UTo KacaeTcA YNOMAHYTHIX BbINe 3aMMcTBOBaHHit u3 CHH, TO Hx MOXHO jaTHpoBaTb NO Ux PoHeTHyecKOl d@opmMe Mexyly XIII H KOHOM XV BB., YUMTHIBAA, uTO B HX yxe mpomien nepexoy urC / ur# > orC / or#, oHaKo euje He npomien nepexoy 6 > a.** 2.9.2.4. 4-aa Jlarrasbckas tlepersacopKa 2.9.2.4.1. B paMKax JJaHHOli NepermacoBKH JaTrasbcKue WMPTOHrH e/ié, BOSHHKMe 43 3aKpbITBIX *e/*6 (§ 2.8.1), cKopeii Bcero Yepes CTaqHtO ’e/"é, OBLIN TepersiaCOBaHbI B TO3HIHH Mepej| HOBBIM KOHEYHBIM @ (< e, § 2.8.2) Ha B 3ByKH a, G/ ia, © Cp. Gallée (1993: 16-17). 3a nomomp B gaTHpoBKe CHH opm # oven oGA3an Urepany Mwamepy (Germanistisches Seminar, Universitat zu Bonn). MOHWETHYECKHE H3MEHEHMA B BEPXHESAT. QMHANEKTE | 75 @* cooTBeTCTBEHHO, B OCTAJIBHBIX NOSHUMAX OHH NepenLin B ¢, 'e/ ie, T. e. KPaTKMIt e coxpaniuica. Apeast JelicTBuA 4-01 nepersacoBKH CocTaBsIAeT IPHOM3MTeIbHO 1oro-BOCTOUHBIe ryOoKHe JatraspcKMe rosopst’’. [IpHmepst pedsiekcos *e/*é BHAHbIB Clejyrouleli TASH, Pe HAMM COOpaHbi OCHOBHBIe THNbI pacnpeszemeHHA pesysIbTaToB GpIBLIMX *e 1 *é:*° | OKOHYaHHe €-CKIL., B KOPHE B e-, a-CKI., | nepeyl Maat. coracB Npoul.Bp. Ha -€ HM MX MHOHH. Tun | Mecro HEIMH Hii B m060M | ——_________— =e || Bac. Hayane || Bese | B KOpHe C10Ba fe Se ae et ne Bet So | | E: debess E: vece | 1 | Aldksne,. | _ IE: dviesele | IE: dviesele He Gelh earen'e JA: famja, mivot’a, jis 2 Ciba | Te ides, vies nagja (Ho: tu nesi) A: agla | | | JA: mjdla, jis dla | 3 Pilda,,, | E: éel§ _ E: Zeme, Celt eee aie | | 4 | Varaklani,,,, TE: dziervu, eee, déerve | Bérzpils,,, ié5Su (EdiSu) . | Cneayer OTMeTHTS, YTO B JaHHOM Cuy4ae MepermacoBKa OXBaTHIa HEOOJbITyIO 4aCTb TOBOPOB, H B CBASH C THM HEAOCTATOYHO MaTepHasia, YTOObI peKOHCTpyHPpoBatb 3TOT mpoyecc BO Bcex JeTasIAx. KpoMe Toro, yYHTHIBaA, YTO MepernacoBKa MIPOMCXOAM1a OFEHb T1031HO, BIOJHE BEPOATHO, 4TO B Apyrux YacTax JlaTranMn ee HMKOrJa M1 He GBUIO, T. e. IpeqnosOx%*KeHHe, 4TO ee pesysbTATHI ObLIM HHBEJIMpOBaHbI B ApyrHx ropopax (Kak, Hampuimep, ¢ 1-071 nepersacoBKoli) MasoBepoaATHo. Ha cxeMe MbI Mpeyuiaraem npHOAM3HTesbHY! PeKOHCTPyKUHMI0: ia ——_> '€ ———_» ¢ ———_> (AB navane cnosa) g a ie (kparkuit ¢ aHanorm4Ho) ““ Bpeiiqax (1989 195-198) npegaraer takoe oSosrauerine 3Byka, KOTOpBIIt «...NPOUSHOCHTCA Kak raacuiait 'a /= si, ia/: 3a CMATHEHHEIM COFsACHBIM B PYCCKOM, GEIOPYCCKOM H TOsTCKOM A3EIKAX>. Touoe reorpaduieckoe pacnpegenenne cm. Ha Kapre y Bpeitaaka (1981¢: 95) ut Breidaks (1996:27-28), kaprbi 19 1 20. “© Aliiksne,,, (Brencis 1914: 118-9); Cibla,,, (Abolina 1926: 32-3); Pilda,,, (Tichovskis 1933: 412); Bérzpils.,, (Endzelins 1951: 109); Varaklani,.,, (Latkovsks 1931; 102). 4s 76 | Mnpa A. CEpxKAHT @opmsi drénc ,slikts, nelaga“ (us pycck. dpanow), spriesl’eica ,,spréslica“ (u3 pyccx. npacmuya) 43 Kalupe,,, (Rekéna 1962: 380, 468) qoKasbIBaloT, ¥TO B Tex ToBOpax, rye ceroqua e/é nepey HenasiaTanbHbIM, ObUIa MpomMexyTOUHaA cTaqMA ‘a/ia. 2.9.2.4.2. Oco6piii ciy4ail, Korga 3a r HO He Nepey j culeqyer ie OHO NoABIIAeTCA B Bugle . [lo cyTH, 9TO YacTHBII CyYali JaHHO! NepersacoBKH, HM ero CueAyeT OOBACHAT Cs1e AVION O6pasom: ie MepexosHT B ia, 3aTeM r TepseT CBOM MasaTasbHBMt asUIo(pou, Tak, 40 rpynna -ria- > -ra-, Hampumep, B Pilda,,, nanaTasbHoro r HeT (Tichovskis 1933: 45), 3qecb uMeeTca nepexoy -ré- > -ria- > -ra-. TpomexyTOYHAaA CTyMeHb, HanpuMep, B Auleja,,, fadzat (Endzelins 1951: 109), rae r eme COXpaHMI CBOIO NaraTabHOcTh, B TOM cayyae, Korsa 3a -riecneyyeT j, HaHHas rpynna ocraetca 6e3 M3MeHeHHil. 2.9.2.4.3. 3BYKH, pe3yJIbTHpylouMe M3 AaHHOM nepersmacoBKH, T. e. ‘a/id (0 apyroii Tpanckpununn G/a), B Havane coBa BO MHOrMX roBOpax TepsIOT CBOit epBbiii KOMMOHEHT H Mepexogat 3 iaB a-, U3 idB Z-, cp. —POpMbI, IpHBeAeHHEIE B TaOsHye. 2.9.2.4.4, B HeKoTOpbix roBpopax, HanpuMep, Alsviki,,,, Apukalns,.. 5.4 s66,387° Nereta,,., TOJIbKO B Cy(pUKcasIbHBIX CJlorax Mpouiia NepersacoBKa € > @ WIM > amepey HOBBIM é HJIH {peBHMM a, HampuMep: zemana (< -ene), veseliba (Endzelins 1951: 102-103). 2.9.2.4.5. PacpoctpaHeHue petpleKcos HpasiaTbILNICKOro 3akpbITOrO *6, T. e. 1O3HIHOHHOrO BapnaHta BOCcTOYHOoamtT. *é (Endzelins 1951: 94) Ha reppuropun BepxHeNaTbILCKOrO JHaseKTa (B OCOKEHHOCTH JaTrasbCKMX FOBOPOR), Ha Halll BSrJLAD, HaviGovlee NOsIHO NpescraBseHo y Bpetiqaka B yucceprayun (1989: 192-194), rae OH BBIJeAeT 6 pasIMUHbIX BAPHAHTOB: 1. B ropopax WeHTpasbHBIX HM HEKOTOPBIX 1orO-BOCTOUHBIX roBopax JlaTramun: riaron «ect» ast est“ u iezu < éZu, dgld nanp. B Sakstagals,,.. JjaHHoe MpoTHBoMocTaBneHue XOpoulo OObACHAeTCA 4-Oi1 NepersmacoBKOH: B (popme ieZu oTrcyTcrByeT BbISHIBAIOLMM MepersacoBKy HOBbIi OTKPEITbII e, Ce 0BaT€JIbHO, 3/[eCb MbI MMeem ie (< @). Yro Kacaerca (OpMbI MHUHUTHBA, TO TYT, KaK H3BeCTHO, OHa GaspyeTca Ha MoposorM4eckKoit OCHOBe Mpollesero BpeMeHH, rye AelicrBoBasa 4-an nepersmacoBKa. CrejoBatesbHo, MBI JOJDKHBI OKHaTb opmy “*iast, 7. e. Gst, ananorn4Ho dopma digld. 2. B rosopax toro-Boctounoli Jlatranun: apddd < apéde ,apéda", ast, iezu, ta (< te), agla, Hanp. Zvirgzdine,,,, Nirza,,,, Pilda,,,, Cibla,,.. H 9To mporMBonocrasieHHe OTHOCHTCA K OObACHAeMBIM 4-Olf JaTrasbCKOl mepersacopKoii: apada < *apiadia < 4-aa mepermacosKa < *apédia < (§ 2.8.2) < apéde. Mopma dst o6bacHaerca Takxe 4-oi1 MepermacoBKOi M13: *iast > (§ 2.9.2.4.3) > ast, agla - ananoruyno. Dopma td cornacno § 2.8.2. 3. B OqHOM YacTH roBopos 3anagqHoOii Jlatranuu: gst, Zu, Hamp. Stirniene,,.,. 3yecb 4-aa nepersacoska He JelicTBOBasIa, 34ecb *E > é (§ 2.8.1). 4. B Apyroit YacTH 3anaqHOsaTranbcKHx roBopos: ést, iezu, Hanp. B Rudzéti,... AnasiorHu4Ho HO. 1. 3-4. B ropopax sanaquoit Jlatranun: egle Varaklani is6 Livani,,.. 3yecb 4-aa nepersacopka He JelicTBOBaa, 3yeCcb *e > e (§ 2.8.1). @MOHETHYECKHE M3MEHEHHA B BEPXHEJAT. QMANEKTE | 77 5. B ropopax ceBepHoit Jlarramm HW HeKOTOppIX roBopax 1oxKHOT Jlatramun iést, iéfu. Saecb peub HyeT O pernoue, rye 4-aa nepersiacoBKa He AelicTByeT, 34ecb BCe *E > ie (§ 2.8.1). 6. B ropopax cepepo-BocToyHoH Bug3zeme OK. eg. 4.: upé, klétié < /kleté/ Galgauska,,,, zemé Anna,,,, 1 iést, n'esu, B Veclaicene,,., Ziemeris,.., Karva,,., Jaunlaicene,,., Jaunroze,..,. 3gecb cHTyalyuA HemHOro Oosiee cO2%KHasA. DOpMpI upé H Zemé MMEIOT B OKOHYAHM IIpHOM3HTeIbHO OHH HM TOT %*e 3ByK @ (cp. § 2.8.2). Mopma kletié comepxuT, Ha Halll BSAA, ITHMOTIOrMYecKHHi ie —B 9TOM pernone mpauar. ie (*€) coxpaHMsica, H He nepemen B i (cp. JJA: 53). ro ApesHee oKoHYaHHe OKaTHBa (Endzelins 1951: 412). Takum o6pa30M, MbI HMeem @/é B Ge3syQapHbIx Cnorax H ‘e/ie B y,apHbIx (Endzelins 1951: 109). 2.9.2.5. AHanornueckas nepersaconKa Tpumep, npHpegenupiit BpeiiqaKkom (1989: 136) ierklett’ nnoxoit KoHeK» Varkava,,., cp. mT. arklys, rye *a'rkl- > *arkl- > *iarkl- > ierkl-, csugetemctByeT 0 Mepexoye HayambHoro @/ ia > ie, Kérkleitis cp. karklig «kopmyulka», Bérzgale,.., etslédzina cp. atslaga, Akniste,,,, Birzi,,,; velénina, cp. valdna «fepH» < veléna. A taxxe kezleninu (= kazléninu) Vilaka,,,, kerzineite ,grozin’“ Aizkalne,,,, tebecina/ tebécena Bérzpils,,,, Varaklani,,,, Sakstagals,,,, Rugaji,,, (Breidaks 1974: 129). Bcem 9THM TIpHMepamM OOule TO, YTO B CBOeH H3HayaIbHOH (popMe BCe OHH JOJDKHbI ObLIM MMeTb a (a He O!) Ha TOH NOSHIMH, rye CocTOANaCh Mepermacoska, Cp. atslaga (T. K. IpHcTraBKH OOpIHHO CoxpaHsior a), *kazléns (1. kK. Josruit é BEIsBIBAeT najaTasbHyto nepersiacosky, cp. Endzelins (1951: 94)), 8 *karzina, *tabaks - a u3 3aMMcTBoBaHHil. Yunrsiaa Jasee, ro B ryGOKUX CeOHCKUX TOBOpax Ce4OB 3-eii MepermacoBKH HaM He yas0cb HaiiTu, Mbl MOXeM NpeANONO*KUTb, YTO 9TO spleHMe He HMeeT HHYero OOulero C 3-ei1 NeperacoBKol. Han6osee BeposxTHbIM HaM MpegcTapisetca cnexyioujee OObACHeHHe: JaHHaA NepernacoBka ABIAeTCA BTOPHYHOII M BOSHHKa 10 aHAsIOrHM C ye MMeBILIMMCA K TOMY BpeMeHH B Tiry6OKHX JaTrasIbCKHX rOBOpax YepeAOBAHHeM A — MpOCTOE CIIOBO Versus é — C1O%*KHOe ¢ eMHHYTHBHEIM Cydukcom, coxepxKaWM NanaTabHbIt riacHprit. JjanHoe vepeqoBalive B JaTrasIbCKHX TOBOpax BOCXOAMT K YepeqOBaHMHO ApeBHUX, MpaJIaTbILICKHX OTKPbITOrO H 3aKpbIToro “e: *e versus *“e — *e > satr. e, *e > atr. a, HanpyiMep: vacs — veciné. [lo anasioruM ¢ AaHHbIM YepeyOBaHHeM BOSHMK IM 1 o6cyxgaembie hopmnt. B csryyae c ierkleit$ curyanua avasorH4Ha, JIMUIb TOKO C TOM pa3HHWell, YTO 3aKPITHIN e B HaYasIe CIOBAa 3eCb BbIPaxKaeTCA Yepes 'e, K TOMY 2e 3]{Cb, BEPOATHO, HMeIIO MecTO NposyIeHHe anepey TaBTOCHLIAOM4eCKHM -r-, *arklis > *arklis > *iarklis > + *-itis > ierkleits. Ananoruuto oOpacHaiorca nlapbi, Tuna Apukalns (Abele, Lepika 1928: 39) gars (< gar) versus gerji (ram xe), gerli (gari) Aliksne,,., (Brencis 1914: 115). 3gecb cneayet yuecrb, Yo Hapewe gerji ¢ MOphoHONOrM4eCKOl TOUKH 3peHHA OOpasoBaHO MO aHaJIOrHH: OT OCHOBBI cuMmmutekca gars C MOMOMIbIO CydduKca -ji (kak HanpuMep tuji «janeKo») — gars 78 | Manoa A. CEpxKAHT MMEeT B KOpHe G, CHejOBaTeJIbHO 3/ecb Ip OOpasoBaHun MpuMeHsNOCb YepejoBaHHe THMIa vacs — veciné, KoTOpoe H MpuBeso K gerji, 'macHblli a CHMIIeKca, XOTA vf ObUI pesysIbTaTOM JelicrBuA 1-ori MepermacoBKH, OHAKO HOCHTEeJAMM Kak TaKOBoli Goubie He BOCIpHHUMascA. Taka Ke CHTYAlMA, BEpOATHO, HC jecing (jacinS) Aliksne,,. (Brencis 1914: 115). 3ecb jaks ne gan **joks npu 1-011 na6uanusaqun, BHAMMO, B CBASH C TeM, YTO OH CTOMT nocue j-. CoxpaHuB CBOli NepBH4HBbIIT BOsaJIM3M M He Hpetepriesad 1-of naGmanmsaqMu, JaHHoe COBO ObLIO ompezeseHO A3bIKOM B Tpynitty THMa vacs (= vecs), WA KOTOpO JeMMHYHTHB 3aKOHOMepHO o6pasyerca no Tuny vecins, r. e. jecins. JJanee, Mbi mpeqnosaraem, ¥To u dopma nams — nemins (Brencis 1914: 115) orHocutca cioga xe. Jlen0 B TOM, ¥TO Nams wacTO BCTpeyaeTCA B BEPXHesaTHIICKMX POBOPaX HM€HHO C TaKHM BOKaJIM3MOM, a He “noms, 110 NoKa He BNOsHE ACHBIM MpH4HHaM - BO3MOXKHO, YTO 3TO COBO ABJIACTCA 3AMMCTBOBAHMEM 3 JTHTepaTypHOrO ABbIKa. OveBngHO, 4TO AaHHOe ABIEHMe OYeHb TO3AHEe, YTO BHHO 13 COB, KOTOpLIe eMy TOj{BepXeHbI, a TAKE YCIOBMA UIA ErO BOSHHKHOBEHMA — “e > a—mporecc, 3aBEPIIMBIIHHCA JOBOJIBHO 103,(HO (§ 2.7.3). Syecb elle pa3 BAKHO OTMETHTb, ITO B JaHHOM CJIy4ae pedb HE MOXKET HTH O bonernueckom mporecce. B 7aHHOM Culy4ae MbI MMeeM JIMIIb ChopayHyeckoe M3MeHeHHe PiacHbIx no aHatozuu. 29.3. HEKOTOPBIE, JO CHX NOP HEBbIACHEHHDIE [POBJIEMBI, CBASAHHBIE C MEPETNACOBKOW 2.9.3.1. JJOBObHO ACeH TIpHMep M3 PIyYGOKHX JaTrasIbCKUX TOBOpoOB: esmirié (= uimtTep. asmens) B Zvirgzdene,.., Nautréni,.,.., Pilda,,, — JaHHad (popMa, Ha Halll BSP, H3 MCTOPHM BepXHesaTBILICKOrO AMaseKTa He OObACHAeTCA. OHA JOJDKHA ObITh peKOHCTpyMpoBana B Mpasiat. Kak *esmenis, T. e. Tun dens. 3ecb 4-aA epeTu1aCOBKa 3aKOHOMEPHO He JelicrByer, T. K. HeT HEOOXOZMMEIX yculoBHit, HayambHbiii 3aKpbITHIII € 3]eCb OcTaeTCA HEM3MeHEHHIM, T. K, HAXOHTCA B MaslaTasIbHOM KOHTeKCTe NpasaTbILICKOM MepersacoBKH, cp. esi (= esi). 2.9.3.2. Dopp Fever ,,ravét Ho ravdc Akniste,,, (Ancitis 1977: 49), BosMoxHo, BOCXOJT K *revét M ABJIAIOTCA 3aKOHOMEpHbIMH. 2.9.3.3. € Ha Mecte a B GesylapHbIx corax B Oe3yQapHerx cylorax perysapHa 1-aa nanaTasbHad NeperiacosKa “a > *a* > a, Hanpumep, vakarins (§ 2.9.2.1.6). OfHaKO B HeKOTOpBIX cylOBax HaOmOMaeTCA *a > e. BrayOoknx satranbcKux ropopax, cp., Harpumep, B Alsvika,.,, Belava,,.,, Litene,,, (Zaube 1939: 121): pagele (pagale), pavasers Aliiksne,,. (mpa vosara, vasarina (Brencis 1914: 115), pavesers Kalncempji,,, (Balode 2000: 22). Croga xe OTHOCHTCA 3aMMcTBOBaHHe pasel’e (nut. pasalys) ,nojume, pasparns“ Kalupe,,.. (Rekéna 1962: 439), Varaklani (Latkovsks 1931: 108); dbopma: Jumelena «maT ypoxas, *xeHa Oora ypoxas» Varkava, Kapini,,, : Jumola Vilani,,,, npuseqennan Bpeiijaxom (1989: 136). OqHaxo, ¢ Apyroii cropoxsi, BeTpeyaloTca Mt «<3aKOHOMep- @MOHETHYECKHE H3MEHEHHA B BEPXHENAT. QMANEKTE | 79 ble» (bopMBI, HalipHiMep, pavasars Kalupe,,. (Rekéna 1962: 19-21), pavasafs, tagad, vakar Akniste,,, (Ancitis 1977: 49), Aliksne,,., HeKoTopple c10Ba Ha -ars: Gmers, asers, kambers, vanckers, kpome Toro, pavasers (put vosara, vasarina), satmels, simels (< sienmalis), (Brencis 1914: 115). Bo3HHKaeT BOMpoc, MpoHsoULIa JM 3Qecb NepermacoBKa Ha JIMTOBCKOIi NouBe, 1 3aTeM NpOusBeeHO 3aHMCTBOBAHHE B JaTrasIbCKMe TOBOPHI, HIM Ke OHA UMeTIAa MECTO Ha J1aTrasIbCKOi MOUBe? OueBugHO, 4TO, pas ~PopMbI Ce NOABIIAIOTCA MB ruyYOOKHX MaTrasIbCKHX TOBOpAX, 3HaYHT AaHHBIi e He MOxeT ObITb pesysIbTAaTOM 3-eit NepermacoBKH, Kak 3TO MOXKHO ObLIO Obl MpeAMONOKUTH AVIA CeOHCKHX TOBOpoB, rye TIpHcyTcTByWwT cxoxHe (popmpr. Jjanee, MHTepecHo, 4TO e CoAepxKUTCA B HeMpOAYKTHBHbIX OOpazoBaHMAXx THMAa pavesers, appekle (< apkakle), a a —B MIpOAYKTMBHBIX, HanpuMep, vakarins. 37ecb Wake HENb3A TIpeqNONOXUT, YTO, HalIpumep, pasHble MaslaTasbHble MaCHBle as passM4Hy10 Mepersacopky, T. K. B OOOHX CuIYYAAX KaTAJIM3aTOPOM MasaTasbHOit NepersacoBKH OBL -i- (pavesers 1 vakarins). Takaa KapTHHa HaBOMT Ha MBICJIb, UTO -e-— 6onee ApeBHee cocTrosHue, a -a-—6oslee CoBpeMeHHOe HIM BOSHMKIee M0 AHAJIOrH C COOTBETCTBYIONIHM CHMnleKcoM vosara. [Ip TaKoM BbIBOe AVIA CpaBHeHMA HanpauiMBawrca JMTOBCKHeE nlapasiesbHbIe (POpMBI, rye € COXpaHHJIcA Nepey MasaTasbHEIM i, cp. MT. vaséris «Ha3BaHHe BeTpa HM Mecalla», pavaséris (Kvédarna, Salantai, Punskas, Karsakiskis, Anykséiai) (Stang 1966: 33, Zinkevicius 1966: 54). Oquako, yunTbrBaa TakHe dopMBI, Kak sdtmels (sétmalis), simels (< sienmalis), pagele (pagale), appekle (apkakle), re opMbi ¢ KOpHeBEIM -eGomee HUre He BCTpeyawoTcA, MpecTaBsAeTcA BepoaTHeH MpeANOMOXKHUT, YTO 3eCb MBI HMeeM Jes0 C cboHETHYeCKHIM TepexoqOM a > eB Oe3yfapHbIx cyorax Mepes i, Kora Wx pasyesmMoT maBHble. [pu 9TOM AAHHbIit Mepexo,| He OTHOCHTCA HM K ODHOT 13 BepXHeaTBILNCKMX TepersiacoBoK, @ ABJIAETCA APEBHUM MpaBepxHesAaTbILICKHM Mporeccom. Mrak, eB Takux (PopMax, Kak pavasers, He STHMOJIOrMYeCKUIt, a BOSHHK 113 pavasaris nepeg i B Ge3yapHom cuore, KoTOphili oTZeNaz OT Hero MmiaBHblit. Janneiii mpoWecc NpoHcxogHJI M Ha TeppHtTopun JIMTBBI cp. persélis (parSelis) Dysna (vilniSkiai), puodekelys (< puodakelys) Dusetos (uteni8kiai) (SkardZius 1938: 42). Bo3MoxHO, 4TO AaHHoe npaBus10 pacnpocrpaHAetcsA HM Ha KOHTeKCT Meped -s-, OTKyJa BOSHHKIIa (popMa C ABYMA -epavesers, r{@ NepBbIli -e-, BepOATHO, TaKKE He 9THMOJIOrH4eH, HeCMOTpsA Ha Tpeu. €ap (< *vesr) H claB.. ves-n-a. O TOM, ¥TO Takas NepersiacoBKa JelicrBoBasa MMepey -S-, BO3MO2%KHO, FOBOPAT JMTOBCKHE 06pa30BaHHA Ha -asas 13 -esas, ménasis (< ménesis) (SkardZius 1938: 43). Ckapzpxioc npegnosaraer 3ecb cenouckult cy6crpat (SkardZius 1938: 44). 3. HEKOTOPBIE MIPOWECChI B KOHCOHAHTH3ME Hrpxe Mbl paccMaTpHiBaeM TOJIBKO JIMIb HEKOTOpbIe NPOLeCchl HCTOpHM BepxHeyiaTBIICKOTO KOHCOHAHTH3Ma, Tak KaK GOsbUIaA YaCTb HX, Kak, Haripuep, MasaTaysaqun *kj-, *ki- > c, *tj > §, *-cj- > ¢, *st] > 5, mo ananorun > sk (> Bepxnenar. 5k) ABLAeTCA NpasaTbIICKMMH TpoyeccaMM HM BbICTYTaWOT 3a paMKH TeMbI aHHOIt paOorsi. C Apyroii cTopoubi, HanpuMep, TakHe mpoleccsl Kak OTBEPAeHHe -T-, HC- 86 | Mapa A. CEPxKAHT 4.4, Konraxtsi ¢ KynmuikencCKHMH ToBopaMH JIMTOBCKOrO ASbIKa, MOSHI Bpeiiqaxa B doueruyeckom pasBuTHH CeOHCKUX (a TaKxKe M JaTTambCKMX) TOBOpOB O¥eHb MHOFO CXOX%KHX MpoleccoR ¢ BOCTOYHO-ayKUITalTCKHMM roBopamu KynHuKeHos (kupiskénai). Ha ocHOBHBIe MOMeHTHI JaHHOro dbeHOMeHa yKa3asI BpeiizaKk (1981b), a umMenHo: cxoxecT» B NepersacoBkKe KpaTKoro e, pacnpeslesenHe au dB 3aBMCHMOCTH OT yqapeHna HM addpukatusana k > €. Yro KacaeTcA CxOxKeCTH B MepersacoBKH KpaTKOro e, TO TYT MbI XOTEJIM ObI HECKOJIbKO TepepopMy.1MpoBaTB Aaunyto usorsoccy. Kak Hamu yxKe yKasbIBas10Cb, MbI HMeeM JeJ10 B JaHHOM ciyyae c NpasaTpiuckol mepersacoBKoll “e/*é, KOTOpad Masia B CEJOHCKHX H JiaTrastbCKHX roBopax Ha HeKoTopoii (pase ux pasBuTHA” cuHXpOHHO YepeyoBaHHe e(< *e)—a (< *e). Kpome Toro, JaHHas reperstacopka HaGs0qaeTCA, M B KeMaiiTCKMX roBopax (Zinkevicius 1966: 54-61, 457), rye yume GprTh OcTOpOXKHBIM C MpeAnoOKeHHeEM BJIMAHMA CeIOHCKOrO CyGcTpata, a Gosee BepOATHBIM MIpeACTaBsAeTCA KOHTAKTHOe BJIMAHME 1O%KHBIX JIMBOHCKHX POBOPOB HIM 3€MrasIbCKHX CpeQHEMATBIICKHX POBOpos, re JaHHaA tlepersacoBKa Take HMeJa MecTO. Takum O6pa30M, cam npoyecc MlepersacoBKn — pesysbTatT Gonee ApeBHMX KOHTAaKTHBIX BIIMAHHI. Arak, o6uyHM ALIA C@NOHCKMX, aTrasIbCKHX TOBOPOR, C OAHO! CTOPOHDI, M KYMMINKeHCKHX, C Apyroii cropoubi, #B/IAeTCA Tlepexoy e€ > a, a He CaM Mporece nepernacoBKu. Ham mpeacTapsiseTca Takaa cbopMysHMpoBKa Goslee TOUHOIt. B KOHUe CiloBa B KYMMIIKeHCKMX roBOpax TaKxKe Mpomlen npouecc, oOujHit Hu BepXHeJIaTBILICKHM FOBOpaM, @ HMeHHO: B BEPXHEJAaTBILICKHX: e/@ > 'e/’€ (> ‘a/ia) (§ 2.8.2), B KynMukercKux é > ‘a (Zinkevitius 1966: 74). @akt, 470 KOHTaKTHBIe (beHOMeHbI (10 Bpeliqaky: «cesIOHCKMi cy6cTpaT») Mexay CeIOHCKMMH Hi J1aTrasbCKHMH POBOpaMH, ¢ OHOIi CTOPOHbI, HM KYIHUIKeHCKUMH, C Apyroii cropounl, OTHOcATCA He K Halllemy BpemeHH, a K Gosee ApeBHemy MepHoAY, HOATBepxAaeTca TakwKe mpHBeAeHHO! Bpeiijqakom (Tam %*e) sa6nannsaqneit. B KynMuikeHcKHx roBopax a Mepeulio Bd Tox yapeHuem, mp TOM, 4TO HOBOe a(< *e) 3ecb coxpannocb 6e3 n3MeHeHHit (Zinkevicius 1966: 50). OvesuqHo, 4TO NMpouece a6ManMsaqMH MOA yqapeHuem ApeBHuXx *a, a He HOBbIX (13 *e) cBA3aH MMeHHO ¢ 1-oi naGvamu3aynelt (§ 2.6.3.3) B aTranbcKHX HM CeOHCKHX ropopax, KpoMe Toro OHa JaeT CHHXpoHHoe pacnpesenenve B Oomburel yacTH BepXHeaTbICKHX TOBOpOB 0 — TIO yapeHHem Hi a — B Gesy1apHOM cuore, 4eM 1 oGecneyMBaeTca aHaTOrHA C KYIMMIUKeHCKHM TepexojjoM. COKPAMLEHHA BW Kr, Barons un H. Wissendorffs, Latwyu dainas. I-VI. Jelgava un Petrograda, 1894-1915. JA - J|uanexronormuecktii atnac, Homep Kaprst (rorosirres K ny6mKaHH) FBR Filologu Biedribas Raksti % 3ece cneayer yuectb, ¥TO TaKOe COCTosHHe NOCTyMMpyeTcA MIM JIA ONPeseMeHHOTO STana Pa3BUTHA CeNOHCKHX Mi JlaTTANbCKHX TOBOpOB, TAK KAK JAHHBIe € H @ YACTHUHO pasBMINCh Jase, Hanpumep, a > d (2-an naGuannsayun § 1.6.4.3.1), e > 10, ie, a (4-an nepernacosKa § 1.9.2.4.4, 1,9.2.4.2, cp. Takoxe § 1.8.2) 4 Ap. @MOHETHYECKHE H3MEHEHMA B BEPXHESAT. QMANEKTE | 87 LKZ — Lietuviy kalbos Zodynas 1941-2000. Vilnius, LVI - HeonyGxonanssii marepiiat no mporpamme: Atbildes uz jautdjumuem latviesu valodas dialektu atlanta materidlu vakSanas programma. LU LatvieSu valodas institits. Zinatnes Akadémija. ME - Milenbachs, Latvtesu valodas vardnica. Redigéys, papildinajis, turpinajis J. Endzelins. 2. negrozits izdevums. Piecos séjumos Cikagas baltu filologu kopa, Cikaga, 1954. CHH — cpeanenwxnenemeyxnit (Mittelniederdeutsch) MTEPATYPA Apete, A. 1924: Par leyasciemieSu izloksni. Filologu biedribas raksti 4, 40-52. Aseie, A. 1934: @ // uo zieme|u-austrumu izloksnés. Filologu biedribas raksti 14, 166-171. Aneur, A. 1935: Kads piedék|u zilbju metatonijas gadijums ziem,-austrumu izloksnés. Filologu biedribas raksti 15, 197-8. Are, A., Leeks, M 1928: Par Apukalna izloksném. Filologu biedribas rakstt 8, 19-50. Avouna, A. 1926: Par Ciblas pagasta EvermuiZas novada izloksni. Filologu biedribas raksti 6, 31-48. Avoutya, A. 1928: Skriveru pagasta izloksne. Filologu biedribas rakst 8, 98-108. 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