Прус. «aukis» ‘grif’ EV 708: слышимый или видимый образ птицы?

Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LVI (2007), 41 — 63 [Ipyc. aukis “grif' EV 708: CJIbIIIHAMbIH HJIH BUOAUMBIHU 00pa3 IITHIObI? TAHATOJIHŪĖ HEInOKYTMHbIH The author follows Nesselmann in assuming that OPr. aukis ‘grif’ (EV 708), rather than referring to the fabulous creature, denotes an existing bird, the bearded vulture (Gypaétus barbatus). He rejects the reading ankis proposed by some scholars and connects aukis with the Lith. verb auktoti ‘rock, sway’, assuming that the word is not onomatopoeic but refers to the visual image of the soaring bird of prey. ...OH napum 6 2orybom oKeaHe, COMKHYGWU KJUOG... (HM. Bpodckull. “Ocennnit kpuk sacrpeba”) O. [InmymemMy 3TH CTpOKH yKe He pa3 IIpHXOJĮHJIOCb YOexX1aThCA B CripaBei- JIMBOCTH Te3HCa, 4TO JIOTHKA Ipe/iMeéTa HaXOJĮHT CBOE OTpaxeHHe B HCTO- pHH ero pa3BHTHA, a ĮĮMHAMHKA CHOXeTa — B KOMINO3HIIJHH MPOU3BEICHNA. [Ipegnaraemoe pa3bickaHHe TaKxe He ABJIAETCA HCKIIPOUeHHeM H3 3TOro nmnpaBHJIa. B DJILOHHTCKOM €CJIOBape NpyccKoro A3BIKA (JjjaJIee cokpaieHHo — BC, a pH LHTHpOBaHHH IAMATHHKA — EV) BTODbIM NO 4YMCJIEHHOCTH IIOCJIe HAH- O0JIbIuneH TeMaTHUecKOH rpynnsl “ UejioBek" (Mensch EV 67-168) sasisiercs pasgen “Iltuna” (Vogel EV 706-773). Bmecte ¢ TeM JajieKO He JIHINEHO CBOEro 3Ha“4UeHHA H TO, YTO He MeHee MOTHBHpOBaHHOH H TaKxe BTOPOM, HO yXe Mo MeCTy paCcIroJIOXEHHA B rnpejesax COOCTBEHHO OPHUTOHHUMHWYECKOM 4aCTH 3arlaJĮHOOAaJITHHCKOTO VYHHKYMA OKa3biBAeTCA H Ta CTATbA, B KOTOPOI HeM. grif nepeBejjeHo npyc. aukis (EV 708). Ha rocjiejnnxeH nekceme MbI H COCPeIOTOYUM CBOE BHHMAHHE. Hamme n3yueHHre yrnoMsAaHyTOro rpycckoro Ha3BaHHA IITHIIbI HMEeT CBOE [1eJ1bI0 ITOMCK OTBETOB Ha TPH BOIpOCa: 1. YT6 oTpaxkaer uccieyeMslil OpHHTOHHM — MHO HJIH peasibHOCTh? 41 AnaArojnnū HENOKYINHBIHA 2. KakoH ABJiAeTCA BHelHAA OOopMa obcyx1aeMoro INTHUbero HauMeHo- BaHHA B DC, HHbIMH CJIOBAMH — KaK UMEHHO CJIe[lyeT UHTATb B TEKCTE 3TOr0 namMATHUKA 3aria/ĮHOOaJITHHOCKOe COOTBeTCTBHe HeM grif? 3. KakoH npejįcTaBJiAeTCA BHYTPeHHAA OOpMAa ININpyCCKOTO OpHHTOHHMA, T. €. B 4eM MOXHO BH/ĮeTb ero 3TUMOJIOTMYEeCKHe CBABH C JIEKCUKOM TIMpycC- CKOTO H JĮDYTHX OAaJITHHCKHX A3bIKOB? CkazaHHBIM onpejesisgerca OODIOLHH MNJIaH Kak aHaJIH32a COOpMYyJIHpOBaH- HOM B 3arJIABHH TeMbI, TaK H IOpAJAKA H3JIOXEHHA HeKOTODpbIX HTOTOB ee pa3pa00TKH. [Ipųt aTOM 0coboe BHHMAaHHe V JĮeJIAeTCA, BO-IIEpBbIX, TOMY IMepHojIy, Tak cKa3aTb, “rmepBOHa4aJIbHOTO HaKOINJIEHHA KarmMTaJIa“", Korga IpOHCXOJIHJIO JIHMINb INEeEpBOe 3HAKOMCTBO OHJIOJIOTOB C DJIBDOHHTCKHM JIEKCHKOHOM, a BO- BTOPBIX, KOPPEKTHOCTH HCINOJIb30BaHHA IMOJYUYEHHBIX TOrja pe3yJIbTaTOB B COBpeMeHHOH OaJITHCTHKEe. 3/1eCh Mpex/ie BCero HMEeM B BUY TPY/Ibl Nep- BOro myosimkaropa H nepsoro HcCCJIeH2joBaTeJIA DC T. I. O. Heccenbmana, ¢ KOTOporo H HAYMHAETCA UCTOPUSA BOIpoca 00 UHTEepeCcyolleM Hac IpyCCKOM OpHHTOHHME. 1.0. CBOHM KOMMEHTapHeM K CTaTbe EV 708 B Tezaypyce npycckozo Ai3bi- Ka 1873 r. HecceJibMan (akTHYECKH 3aJIOXHJI INporpaMMYy ĮįajibHežunI1ero H3YyY4eHHA COOTBETCTBYPOLĮeTO 3anaaHobaJITUMCKOro OpHHTOHHMA Ha BeCb XX-bIK H HauajJIO XXI-ro Beka. H riepBoe npoTHBOopeuxe, Ha KOTOpoe YyKa3aJI yueHbIH, 3aK/II049aJI0Ch B BbIOOpe OJIHOTO H3 JĮBYX BapHaHTOB OTBETa Ha BO- MpOC: 4TO CTOHT 3a O003Ha4AaeMbIM HEMELIKOU H INpyCCKOH JIEKCEMAMH — MH- OuuecKoe XHBOTHOE HJIH Xe peajJIibHas IITHIa? 1.1, Orka3bIiBasiCb Įįjaxe OT TEOpeTH4UeCKOH BO3MOXHOCTH OTOX/I€CTBUTH OOCYxX JAE MY IO HEMeIKYJO GopMy C H3BECTHbIM C AHTHUHbIX BpeMeH HaHMe- HOBaHHeM MHOHUYUeCKOTO CYynJeCTBa C TEJIOM JibBa H TOJIOBOH H KPBUIbAMM opj1a (“es ist aber schwerlich an den fabelhaften ypdų zu denken”), aBTop TepMUHa “OaJITHHCKHE AfBbIKH" yKas3aJl Ha TO, YTO HEMellKOe COOTBETCTBHE NMPYCCKOMY OpHHTOHHMY O0O3HAYaeT TaKXe KODpINyHa — ATHATHUKA, MHMJIH 6opoaaua (“das deutsche Greif bezeichnet auch den Geier, Geieradler”). 1.2.0. B noss3y Toro, uro HecceJibMaH ĮĮeHCTBHTEJILHO OBL pas B CBOE TPAKTOBKE COODCTBEHHO OPHUTOJIOrMYecKoro cojepxanusa CTaTbH EV 708, CBHUETEJIbCTBYET PAI apryMeHTOB, HO MpeX/Je BCero — TOT BechbMa IINPO- KHH KYJIbTYPHO-UCTOPUYECKUN KOHTEKCT, B KOTOPOM BBICTYNAIOT Tak HJIH 42 Ilpyc. aukis ‘grif’ EV 708 MHaYe CBA3aHHbIe PYT C APYroM Ha3BaHHA peaJIbHBIX NTU] H MHOHUECKOTMo “meruca’. 1.2.1. Tak, no cioBam aBTopa HCCJIEeJ|OBaHHA OO OpHHTOHHMHH JIaTHH- CKOTO A3bIKa, “CKAa304UHOE XHBOTHOE, HAaIIOJIOBHHY OpeJi, HANOJIOBUHY JIEB, npoucxoasAuiee H3 Ilepcuu, He JĮOJDXHO ObUIO OBI OHTYypHpoBaTb 3aech [T. e. B TpyZie Ha 0003HaueHHyP Temy. — A. H.], ecm Obl [Tuan [Crapmmii B Ecmecmeennoū ucmopuu. — A. H.] X, 136 He npnuncjiuji ero K nrumnam” (André 1967: 89). Bmecte ¢ Tem, Kora npu nepesoze BuOJIHH ¢ JĮĮpeBHeeBpeHCKOTO fi3bIKA Ha TpeuecKHH BO3HHKJIA He0OXOAUMOCTh BOCIPOM3BECTH MepedeHb MTHII, KOTODpbIe B IIaTukHHxHH MouceeBoM Kak “HEYMCTHIX BOCIpelajoch ymno- TpeOJIATb B MUILY, TO “YepHBIM CINHCOK" BO3rJjiaBuJ ope (&etdg) Kak COOT- BETCTBHE [p.-€BP. NESEr, TOTa KaK Ha BTOPOM MeCTe OKa3aJICA yxe “HamoJio- BHHY OpeJi’: Ha3BaHHe MHOHUeCKOTO cyuectsa (ypu) 6610 HCINOJIb30BaHO B HOBOH pOJIH 3KBHBaJIEeHTa OpHHTOHHMA PETES, TIPEICTABJIEHHOIO B OpHT'H- HaJie Berxoro 3asera. Cp. HauaJIa TpeuecKOoro H JIaTHHCKOTro repeuHeH “He- UMCTbIX" MepHaThIX, KaK HX, OCHOBbIBafICb Ha BAXKHeHINIHX NAMATHHKAX, Bbi- CTpOHJI H3BECTHEIH aHTrJIMAŪCKHH ceMHTOJIOT I". P. ĮĮpaiBep (COOTBETCTBEHHO Tpersa u Ilaras kuru MonceeBti): I. neser AETOC aguila 2. peres Yypiy gryps (Driver 1955: 7), OjįHaKo, npuBoasa ofa pana OpHHTOHHMHYUECKHX COOTBETCTBHH HCXOJIHONH CEMHTCKOH OOpME B Tpe4EeCKOM H JIATHHCKOM Afi3bIKAX, HeJIb3sl HE OTOBOPUTH TOro, 4TO JĮp.-eBp. nešer — 3TO “cKOpee 4eM OpeJI, BHe COMHEHHA, MepBo- HauaJIbHO rpud (the vulture), no BceiH BeposATHOCTH — rpud (Mam cu) GestorosioBeiit (the griffon-vulture)” (ibid., 8), 4To nojįrBepx/įaeTCA COBpe- MeHHbIM apab. nisr ‘Tpud’ (vulture), ynorpebJiieMbIM — B 3aBUCUMOCTH OT KOHTEKCTa — TaKXe H B 3HaueHHH ‘oper’ (eagle) (ibid., 9). [lockosbky m1 No 2 B NTHYBMX CNUCKax OOEHX YyNOMAHYTBIX KHUT — JĮpD.- eBp. peres “BUAMMO, Takxke ABJIAeTCA rpudom (a vulture)” (ibid.), cnenosa- TE€JIbBHO, MOXHO CYUTaTh, YTO B XpHCTHAHCKHX (rpe4eckoM H JIATHHCKOM) nepeBoax BETXO03aBETHBIX Ha3BaHHH “HEYUCTHIX I[epPHATHIX IIpOTHBOTO- craBJIeHHe opeJi — rpud (< ‘nosiyoper’), Ha Hall B3IMIAĮ, BHICTYIIaeT B 60- Jiee KOHTpaCTHOM BH/Ie, YeM B ero HCXOJJHOM JĮĮpEBHeeBpeHCKOM BapHaHTe. 43 AnaATrojinuū HENOKYNHMNA Cp. C00TBeTCTBYIOLIHEe CTHXH B HbIHe OVyHKOUHOHHDpYPNIJEeM PYCCKOM TeKCTE [LATHKHHXHA: Jieeum (XI, 13) — H3 nmuų ce eHywaumecs cux: opJta, epuga, MOpcKO2O opJid... Bmopo3aronue (XIV, 12) — Ho cux He 00JIHCHO dam ecmb U3 HUX: opJta, epuga u Mopckozo opJid... Kak BH/ĮHM, B NMpHUBeJIEHHBIX OTpbIBKaXx opeJi npejiurecTByeT rpudy. M, Hao TIOjIaTraTb, YTO TaKXe H B 3TOM CJieJlyeT HCKaTb OObACHeHHe Toro, IIO- yemy TpayTMaH He MOT IPUHATH, KaK KaXeTCA, HEOXMUJAaHHOM JŲIA Hero “pOoKHpOBKH OHryp", KOTOPYI0 OH OOHapyXxXHJI B DJILOHHTCKOM CJIOBape: 708 ‘rpud’: grif aukis 709 ‘open’: are arelie [*arelis]. 1.2.2. Bo3Bpamasach K OCHOBHOMY IpeaMeTy Hamero BHHMAHHA — JO- XpHCTHAaHCKOH H XpHCTHAHCKO-aHTHUKHOH OpHHTOHHMHUYUeCKONH L[ernoyke ap.- eBDp. PETES —Tp. ypLY — J1aT. gryps, TOJIbKO B CpaBHeHHH C KOTOpoH H CJIeJįyeT paccMaTpHBaTb ee CpejįHeBeKOBOe IMNpojjoJIKXeHHe B BH/Ie HeM. grif — npyc. aukis (EV 708) BooOuje H OpHHTOJIOTHUECKYPO ONEHKY MOCJIEHEro, JaHHYIO Heccenbmanom (1873 r.) B 4aCTHOCTH, nepeHjjeM K CeMaHTHUeCKOH Xapak- TeEpHCTHKe HCXOJIHOTO CEMHTCKOTO NTUYLEro Ha3BaHHA, paHee JIHINb OTUA- CTH 3aTpoHyTOH Hamu (1.2.1). Ilo cjioBaM aBTopa Bille yXKe HHTHpOBaHHOH CTaTbH “IlTrHubi B BeTxoM 3aBeTe”, B KOHTEKCTe KaK caMoro JĮĮpeBHeeBpehHcCKOTrMo, Tak H JĮĮDpDyTHX CEMHT- CKHX A3BIKOB — H MEDPpTBEIX (aKKaJACKMUI), H XHBBIX (apabCKuil), ODpHHTOHHM peres o603HauaeT ‘smasher’, T. e. ‘HeYTO CHOTMrcCINHOATEJIbHOE; COKPYLINTETh- HbIK VJĮap', 4TO MO3BOJIACT OTOXKJĮECTBHTb 3TO Ha3BaHHe, B YaCTHOCTH, CO CKOMOH HJIH Oyks. “OopojjaTkIM rpudom’ (“...that it may be identified with the ‘bone-breaker’, i.e. ossifrage or bearded vulture...”) (ibid., 9). IIpH 3TOM He JIMINHHM OyZIeT OTMETHTb, UTO, IIpHBOJIA MOCJIE HUI IITHUHH TepMHH (CyOCTaHTUBHOE CJIOBOCOYETAHME), HCCJIEJ[OBATEJIb ĮĮOIOJIHHTEJIb- HO CCblJIaeTCA Ha TO, 4TO H HHOM, yXKe apaOCKHH OpHHTOHHM CO 3HaYeHHUEM ‘bone-breaker’ — ato Gypaėtus barbatus (ibid.), T. e. BH; KOpunIyHa — [ITHIbI ceMeHCTBa iCTpeOHHbIX € pa3MaxXOM KDpbIJIbeB JJO 2,7 M H Maccoi a0 7 KT, pacnpocrpaHeHHOH B ropax KOxHoūi EBpornsir, A3znu, AOprrn. 1.2.1 — 2. Takum 06pa30M, B HCTOpHUeCKH IMNOCJIEJ[OBATEJIbHOM PAY Op- 44 Ilpyc. aukis 'grif" EV 708 HHTOHHMOB, a UMEHHO: JID.-EBp. pEres — rp. ypu — aT. gryps — HeM. grif — npyc. aukis — Ha 000HXx ero KOHIJaX — KaK HauaJIbHOM, TaK H KOHEYHOM, He3aBHCHMO JIPYT OT [pyra H Ha MaTepHaJIe pa3JIHYUHbIX A3bIKOB OOHAapyxXH- BaeT CeOA OHO H TO Xe OpHHTOJIOTHUecKOe 3HaueHhHe — Gypaétus barbatus. K B 3TOM (paKTe cjieyeT BUAETh JĮOKAa3aTeJIbCTBO OeccnopHoH npaBoThl Hec- ceJibMaHa B ero TpaKTOBKE HMeHHO “nTuybero” cogepxanus 708-oii CTaTbH DJILOHHIrceKOTO CJIOBapA — grif aukis. KceraTH ckasaTh, yMECTHO HAllOMHHUTh, YTO B cjeaywouem (mocje npu- BeJJeHHOro Bbille, cM. 1.2.1) cruxe us Jlesuma nm Bmopo3axoHUst TIEpBbIM Ha3BaH HMeHHO KopuyH. Cp. COOTBETCTBEHHO: (XI, 14) — KopwyHa u cokoJia c nopodoro eco... (XIV, 13) — H koputyHa, u cokosia, u Kpeuema c nopooow ux... 1.3. B ornmune or HecceslbMaHa, pelimBiiero CAMHM xe coborw chop- MYJIMPOBaHHYI0 CEMaHTUYECKYI0 AaJIbTEpHATHBY B I0JIb3y peaibHO Cylie- creyiomien ntunbl (Nesselmann 1873: 6), BCTYNMHBINHĖ C HUM B NOJIEMUKY Tpayrman TBepao 3assui: “aukis Mask. V. 708 ‘grif’ [‘der fabelhafte Vogel Greif...”] ” (Trautmann 1910: 306). Taka yBepeHHOCTh He B TOCJIEJ[HIOJO ouepe/ib, BUAUMO, ObiJIa OOYCJIOBJIEHa TakXe H TEM, YTO B HEMELIKOH JIEKCH- KOJIOTHH MPHHATO JaTHPOBaTh IOfHIBJIeHHe camoro HaspaHusa Vogel Greif (B otsinuue ot Fabeltier Greif) mams ¢ XVI cr. (Grimm 1935: 10), a 3T0 0uens JAaJIeKO BbIXOJĮHT 3a paMKH BpeMeHH CO3]ĮaHHA DC ¢ ero coOcTBeHHOH (op- Mo grif. Bejiejį 3a aBTOpoM rnepBOTO M3jlaHus CBoJla MPYCCKUX NAMATHUKOB 3TO xe onpepnenenue “der fabelhafte Vogel Greif” noBropuJi fl. DHazennH (Endzelins 1943: 146), nanee — B. H. Tonopos (1975: 148): “aukis ‘rpud’ (ckaszoyHas nTuya)” H, HakoHell, B. Maxiosuc, KOTOPbIi, BKpaTIie H3JIOXHB HCTOPHIO BOIIPOCA, TaKXe ONpHCOeJĮHHHJICA K no3uuu Tpayrmana (Mažiulis 1988: 111-112). OaHako I03BOJIHM cebe He nojggaBaThCA Maru UMeH H 6€30roBOpPOYHO He MOoHJeM MO CTONAM KpyIHEeHIIUX aBTOPUTETOB OaJITHCTHKH XX Beka — Kak P. TpayrmaHa, ¢ OJĮHOH CTOPOHBI, TAK H pa3/ĮeJIHBINHX €ro MO3HIIHIO (B oLeHke obcyxaaemoro OpHHTOHHMA) fl. Suasenuna, B. H. Tonoposa H B. Maxiojiuca — ¢ Apyrou, H crnpocum ced: a utd, coGCTBEHHO TOBODA, MpUaJI0 YBEPEHHOCTHU [1€EPBOMY M3 Ha3BaHHBIX HCCJIe/jjOBaTeJIeH B NpaBoTe CBOEH TOUKH 3peHHA, ECJIH OH CUEJI BO3MOXKHBIM jlaXxe caeJiaTh TOJIEMHUE- 45 AHATONUA HENOKYNHEA CKHH BbINaJ NPOTUB aBTOpa Te3aypyca npyccko2o asvika — “wie Nesselmann, Thes[aurus linguae prussicae] 6 will” (Trautmann, ibid.), r. e. ‘kak [Bonpe- KH yOeXeHHOCTH aBTopa IIMTUPYEMOro BbIiCKa3bIBaHHA. — A.H. | xouer Hec- ceJibMaH’? B cBoem BO3paxeHHH MOCJIeJHEeMY, YTBEpXKjas, 4TO CKa3oyHas ITHIJA rpud yxe H3-3a CBOEro IOJIOXEHHA nepej opJioM (MOAYEpPKHYTO HaMH. — A.H.) —3rTo He ‘kopmiyH’” (“schon wegen seiner Stellung vor dem Adler nicht ‘Geier’”), TpayrmaH, O4eBH/ĮHO, MOJIUAJIHBO HMCXOAWJ M3 Tpa/JĮHIHOHHOTO ripejįcTaBJIeHHA 00 opie “Kak ODINENpH3HaHHOM Lape NTHUI] H BJIA/ĮbIKE He- bec” (cp. I'ypa 1997: 610). OaHako coxpaHHJI JIM TaKoM “app” CBOM CTaTyC (H — COOTBETCTBEHHO — H no3uuuio) H B DC? B TOM-TO H [1€J10, YTO yXKe HeT. 1.4. Peectp nui B DC OTKpbIBaeT OTHIOAb HE OpeJl, a BRIUIpaBuias y Hero COpeBHOBaHHE 3a MOHapIIMN TUTYJI (cka3o4uHbin CIroxeT AT [A. Aapue — C. Tommncona] 221 A - “KTo jieraeT Belillie Bcex?”) HauMeHbIlIas Mo CBOUM pas- MepaM MTUYKa KOpoJieK (HJIH KpariHBHHK), KOTOpas H OKa3ajach BO rjaBe “llapcTBa nepHaThiX’, OparMeHT “nepenucu HaCeJIEeHHA" KOTOPOro H mpej- CTaBJIEH B [[pEBHENIIEM JIEKCUKOHE OajJITHACKHX A3BIKOB — prestors EV 707 (Henokrynnsri 1998: 113-114). BriepBbie mnpejioKeHHasas HAMH B JoKJ1afe Ha BTOpoM mpyCcCKOM KOJI- JiokBuyme (MornjiaHbi B6sm3u Kpakosa, 3-6 oktsabps 1996r.) 3THMOJIOTHA MPYyCCKOro NTHYLEro Ha3BaHHMA, [0 TeX MOp He HMEeBINero cBoer “pojoc- JIOBHOH"“, BCTpeTHJIa He TOJIbKO YCTHYIO (B “XMBOM” OTKJIMKE), HO 3aTeM H MUCbMEHHYIO NOAJEPKKY y4acTHUKOB MexayHapoaHoro ¢opyma (Stundžia 1996: 279; Schmalstieg 1997: 255; Blazek 1998: 15). BaxxHoe yxe 1 camo rio cede, “ekoaupoBaHue” npyc. prestors MO3BOJIHJIO c/leJiaTh MepBbie Maru Ha NyTH lepexoja OT YCTAaHOBHUBIIEHCA TpajįHiHH MCKJIIOYHMTEJIBHO — CKaXeM Tak — “NMOMTYYHOro” paCCMOTpeHHA 3amnaiHo- OaJITHŪOCKHX ODpHHTOHHMOB K IOMCKaM 3JIEMEHTOB CHUCTEMBI, B KOHTEKCTe KOTOPOHM H HAaJŲJIEXHT aHaJIH3HpOBATb KAXAYI “OT/EJIbHO B3ATYI0” dhopmy, B TOM 4HCJIe H HENOCPEeACTBEHHO ciieayouee 3a “nuaepom” npyc. aukis EV 708. CnejoBaTesibHO, NoOCTaBJieHHbI TpayrMaHoOM BOIpPOC Oo MecTe aukis OTHOCHUTEJIBHO (3/1ech, B DC) yxe ObiBIIEro “maps nTuil” HbIHE JĮJOJIXEH ObITh OKOHYATEJIbHO “CrUcaH B AapXHB": KOPIIYH MO CBOHM pa3MepaM KpyriHee opJia, 4eM H OODYCJIOBJIeHa MNOCJIEeJĮOBATEJIbHOCTb pa3MenįeHHA CTaTEH: cHava- Jia O nepBoM — EV 708, a 3areM H Oo BTopoM — 709 (npyc. arelie (< *arelis)). 46 Ilpyc. aukis ‘grif’ EV 708 Kak nokasano Hamme jajibHeullee HCCJIe/[OBaHHe CTPyKTypbl OC, XOTH “npe3eHTal[HA" OTAEJIbHBIX BH/ĮOB XXUBOTHBIX B Npejesiax Tpex ¢payHorpyni H HauHHaeTCA ¢ HanboJsiee KDpYyriHbIX CYLECTB, OJHAKO [JIA MepeyHs TTHI CHEeJTAHO MCKJTI0YEHHe, IOCKOJIbKY 3/1eCh peub HJHeT yxe He O OH3HUECKOM, a O COHLHAJIbHOM H3MepeHHH: HeM. Konigelyn EV 707 ‘koponek’ 3aHHMaeT Ty Xe caMyb0 no3uiuio nocse 3arJiaBHOro Vogel 706 ‘ntuna’, uro u Konig 405 ‘kopoJip’ — nocjie pyopukannoHHoro Herre 404 ‘rocnouy’, T.e. 3T0 nep- Bble MeCTa B COOTBETCTBYIOLIUX TEeMaTHUeCKHX 6okax (Henokynuuii 2005: 70-71). Bmsecre ¢ Tem “Ha KOHTpacre” BCJIejį 3a JAEeUCTBUTEJIbHO “CKa304HOM nrunen’ (HO TOJIbKO B (DOJIBKIIOPHOM POJIM Laps) cjaeayeT H B caMOM jeJie KPYINHEHIIUH MNpejįcTaBHTeJIb IOepHaTbIX, KOTOPHIM H OKa3bIBaeTCA KOPIIYH (H TyT yxe Ha NnepejįHHH INJIAH BbIXOJĮAT UHCTO KOJIMYeCTBeHHbBIe “AapryMEH- TbI" — JŲIHHA TeJIa, pa3Max KpbLIbEB, Bec). Uro xe KacaeTCA NPOMUCXOXAEHUs CcaMoro Ha3BaHHA — Tipyc. aukis EV 708, To npejlaraemylo 3JĮECb BEpCHUI0 Mbl BriepBbie BbiJĮBHHYJIH (B KaYecTBe npeaBapHUTeIbHON 3adABKH) B CBOEM JOKJiaje Ha MexayHapo HOU KoHpe- peHIIHH, MOCBALIEHHON IHI0 poxaeHuA A. DHA3e/MHa, KOTOpas MPOXoauia B MHCcTHTYTE JiaTbInICKOTO A3bIKA (r. Pura) 21-22 despansa 2002 r. (Heno- KynHbei 2002: 45). 1.1-4. Ilojj00Ho TOMY, Kak B (payHoJiekcuke OC He mpejicTaBjieH “iie- JIbIN” JIEB, TOYHO Tak Xe B 3TOM NaMATHHKE HET H ero “TIOJIOBHHbI"" (B KOM- OnHalLHH € “MNOJIOBHHOH" opJia). Curyaums, KOTOpafi B HCTOpHH Boripoca O EV 708 cjJioxnjiacb BOKpyr TpaKTOBKH 3aroJIOBHOTO CJIOBa grif, BO MHOroM HaloOMHHaeT TOT Xe ca- MbIH “pacKJIajį" XapaKTEpHCTHK, 4UTO HaOJIPOJJaeTCA H B OTHONIEHHH MPYC. weloblundis EV 437. Bo-nepBkIx, Ha3BaHHe 3K30THYECKOTO XHBOTHOTo — “KO- pa0OJia mnycTbhIHH" riepeHeceHO 3/eCh yxe He Ha CKa3O04HYP, a Ha BINOJIHE peaJibHy10 MOMECH JIONIAJĮHM C OCJIOM, T. €. MyJia, a BO-BTODpEIX, pDerHOH pac- NpocTpaHeHHA NOCJIeJHEro — 3TO, B YaCTHOCTH, Or EBporibi. Cp. kak 00 3ToM ruuteT aBTOp IĮuewru3ayuu cpedHeeeKoeo20 3anada: “My Hi ocen ObIiJIH He3aMEeHUMBI He TOJIBKO [JIA TIpe0/ĮOJIEHHA FOPUCTHIX YYACTKOB B CpeJĮM3EMHOMODPpCKOM DperHOHe; BbIOUKHEIH TpaHcriopT INHpOKO NPUMEHAJICA H TaM, Te VCJIOBHA pejJibegdda 3TOro, Ka3aJIOCb Obl, He Tpebosanu” (Jie Todo 2005: 263). 47 AHATOoOjNHA HENOKYINHBH V tem He MeHee OCHOBHbIM OpHeHTHpOM JŲIA JIOKAJIH3aLĮMH HOCHTEeJIA 3K30THUYUECKOTO INpyCCKOTO 300HHMA OCTAaIOTCA JŲIA HAC CEBepHbIe OKpeCTHO- cTH CpejJ|H3eMHOTO Mops, 4TO COBIIaJaeT C apeaJIOM ObITOBaHHA Pa3/IMYHbBIX BHJĮOB HOCHTeJIeii OpHHTOHHMA grif EV 708, kak ero HHTepIIpeTHDpOBAJI aB- Top Tezaypyca npyccko2o0 Aa3biKa. CM. KapThl “Bartgeier", “Gansegeier" H ap. (Fischer 1963: 64, 98, 118). H HeT HH MaJIeV“nIeTO COMHeHuA B TOM, uTO OT Tpayrmana-1910 cieayer BepHyTbCcA1A K HecceJisvsanHy-1873 H BbiBecTH 3a paMKH yueHHA 06 DC BonpocC 00 OTpaxeHHH B ero OayHOJIEKCHKE KaKHX-JIHOO OaHTaCTHUEeCKHX CVYINIIEeCTB BOOOIIIE. 2.0. K paccMoTpeHHoH BhIILIE IKCTPAJIMHIBUCTUYECKON ONIMO3HIOAH IPH TpakToBKe cTaTbH EV 708 — cka3zoyHoe CylecTBo HJIH Xe peaJibHas MNTHIJa (cM. 1) cam xe Heccenbman npubaBuil emie OgHY — Ha 3TOT pa3 yxe cob- CTBEHHO A3BIKOBe UeCKYI0. OObeKTHBHBIE TPY/JHOCTH, CBA3aHHbIE C a/leKBaT- HOCTBI BOCIIDHATHA HCCJIEJ[|OBaTEJIAMH PYKOIMMUCHOrO TeKeTa (HbiHe — JIHINb dorokonuu) DC, BbI3BAJIH K XH3HH MOABJIEHNE TOTO, UTO BbINIE Mbi ONpejle- JIMJIA KaK BOMpOC O BHenmHeH (opme NpyCCKOTO COOTBETCTBHA HeM. grif EV 708 (cm. O). 2.1. Cka3aHHbIM H OObACHACTCA TO, NoueMy aBTOp Tesaypyca npyccko- 20 A3blKa B XOJIe YTrJIVyOJIEHHA cBoero 3HaAKOMCTBA ¢ DC dOakKTHUEeCKH BHEC B HCTOpHIO H3YYEeHHA 3TOTO NaMATHHKA elle O[HY aJIibTEpHaTHBY: Ha Cell pa3 peub mia O JĮBYyx BapHnaHTaXx IpouTEeHHA TpadOHueCcKOH OOpMEI TOro xe ca- MOTO, BbiINllIe yKe OOCYXJJaBINeTOCA npycckoro OpHHTOHHMA, KOTODBIM GOBIJIO rrepeBejjeHO HeM. grif. Tak, econ B 1868 r. nepBeri nyOjJiumkaTop OC rpoueji mnpyccKoe COOTBET- cTBHe HeM. grif EV 708 kak aukis, TO IIATb JIET CIYCTA OH VXe H3MeEHHJI CBONH B3rJ1A[, HAXOJIA B Jiekceme ¢popmy ankis (“In der Ausgabe des Voc. hatte ich aukis geschrieben, ankis ist aber unbedingt vorzuziehen”). H MoxHo He co- MHEBATbCA B TOM, YTO TOYKON ONODkI [PU aBTOpCKOH peBH3HH NpexHeroO MHeHHA OTHOCUTEJIbHO ayTEHTHYHON MPYCCKON (POPMBI CTajia JŲIA VUeHOTO BO3MOXHOCTb CBA3aTh MO-MHOMY VBHJIEHHYIO (DOpMY OpHHTOHHMA C TAKHMH Ha3BaHHAMH MrpHog)a, Kak HCJIaB. UKHO2Zb, HO2Zb H no. (Nesselmann 1873: 6). 2.2.0. HeJib3 He OTMETHTb, UTO H B OTHONIEHHH HOBOI'O BapHaHTa H/ĮEeH- THuĖOuHuKanuHH HeccejibMaHOoM MpyccKoH 4acTH cTaTbu EV 708 Tpayrųsan BHOBb BbICTYTHJI B pOJIH ONINIOHEHTa aBTOpa Tezaypyca npyccK020 A3blKd, KOT- Ja npuHAJI Bepcuio A. BenrjenHOeprepa, KOTODpbIH NPOYUTHIBAJI HCCJIeJjtyeMoOe 48 Ilpyc. aukis ‘grif’ EV 708 HaMH [ITUYbe Ha3BaHHe MMeHHO Kak aukis (Trautmann 1910: 306). Ilojnjuep- KHEM: K TaKOMy BHĮĮEHHIO CTPYKTYPHI 3ariaJĮHOOaJITHHCKOTO OpHHTOHHMA ygnTeJIb TpayrMaHa mes CBOHM COOCTBEHHbIM IyTeM, TOrJla Kak VUeHHK bennenbeprepa — Jive ciaeoBajl 3a METPOM. O06 3TOM MBI C4HTAEM HEOOX0IMMBIM BbICKA3aThCA CO BCE ACHOCTHIO, HOO- CKOJIbKY B HOBeHINHX paborax O ntuyseM pparmenTte IC Jaxe pu pa3JIHMųu- HOM OpHeHTalH3LHH HX aBTOPOB OTHOCHUTEJIbHO OOpMbI PEKOHCTPYHPYEMOro Ha3BaHHA CTajla HaMeuyaThcA o0ulasa TeHAeHUUA NpeACTaBJIATh B3rJIAAb A. beruenbeprepa un P. TpayTrmaHa 110 noBoay npycckoro 0003Ha“4UeHHA nepHa- Toro EV 708 kak JĮBa pa3JIMUKHbIX Tana B MICTOPUU HCCJIeJĮOBAaHHA 3ana/iHoO- OaJITHHCKOTO CJIOBA. Cp.: 1) “Bezzenberger 1874: 1236 < Ankis > Trautmann 1910: 306 < Aukis >" (Dini 1993: 212) un 2) “Bezzenberger (1874: 123) las Ankis, Trautmann (1910: 306) hingegen Aukis” (Hinze 1996-97: 147; noauep- KHYTO Hamu. — A.H.). Kak BHJĮHM, EeCJIH B IEpBOM CJIrygae VUeHHK pa3JiMuKe B hopmax Kak Obl ODYCJIOBJIEHO CYyLIĮECTBOBAHHEeM “XpOHOJIOTHUECKHX HOXHHIL", TO BO BTO- poM — 006a HccejIeJįjOBaTeJIA VyXe NpOoTHBOINOCTaPBJIEHbI OAWH Apyromy: Bel- neHOeprep unran Ankis, TpayrTųManH HanpoTuB — Aukis. Ho Tak sm Bce OblJI0O H Ha CAMOM jJleJie? O6paTHMCA K TIEpBOHCTOUKHHKAM. 2.2.1. Bo-1mepBbIx, ecJIH B OO00HX yKa3aHHbIX BbIINIe CJryganAx Berenbep- rep H npuses OopMy ankis, TO 3TO OkiJIO JING 3arJiaBHeM obcyxaaeMoi CJIOBapHOH CTaTbH H3 Tezaypyca npycckoeo a3bixKa T. T. O. Heccenbmana, T.e. darxrnuuecKH Kparyauiasa “ugurara’ B MPOYTEHUH TOJIbKO YTO HA3BaAHHOIO Jlekcukorpadga. Cp. COOTBETCTBYPOLIIHĖ (pparMeHT U3 .IIOCTATEHHbIX 3aMeya- HUH pelleH3eHTa: “— Ankis. Ob ksl. nogū etwas mit dem Worte zu tun hat, erscheint sehr zweifelhaft. Got. dinaha, dinakls ist jedesfalls fern zu halten” (Bezzenberger 1874: 1236). Kak BH/JĮHM, aBTOp OT3bIBA, IHpHHHMAA HCXOJIHYIO OOpMY Kak He4YTO JlaH- HOB, B TO K€ BpeMs BbICKa3bIBaeT HeJOBEpHE K KOPPEKTHOCTH ee 3THMOJIO- rasan. I|puHuBej/jeHHbIH TEKCT HH B KOEN Mepe He [JOKasbiBaeT Toro, 4To beruenbeprep rmnpH nepeoM xe 3HaAKOMCTBE C “Te3aypyCcHbIM” IpejcTaBJie- 49 AnaAronnA HENOKYNHBNA HHEM IPYCCKOr0 OpHHTOHHMA Cpa3y Xe CTaJI CTOPOHHUKOM ero HpOuUTEHHA HMeHHO Kak *ankis. EcJiHM TpHBOJĮHMEJe JIeKCHKOTpadoM COJIHXEHHA KaXyT- CsA JŲUIA pelLeH3eHTa “OUEeHb COMHHTEeJIbHbIMH", a rpejajiaraemMsele poaCTBeH- HbIe CJIOBAa — “JajleKUMH’, TO MOXHO JIM aBTOpa TaKHX OLIEHOK CYMUTATh eUHOMBINLIeHHUKOM HeccejibMaHa IO Y4acTH peKOHCTpyKIKHH MCXOAHOM ODOpMEI IPYCCKOro Ha3BaHHA MTULBI? 2.2.2. Bo-BTOpBIX, MeXJIVY JĮBYMA peneH3HAMH BelnjjeHOeprepa Ha IrIpyC- cKHuH Tezaypyc Heccenbmana (1874 r.), ¢ oqHOM cTOpoHEIL, H Hrdoeeponeii- ckutl aKueHm T. Xupra (1896 r.) — ¢ JĮįpyroi, ObUIH ONYyOJIHKOBAHbI H ero KpaTKHe JTHMOJIOTHYUeCKHe 3aMeTKH, OjĮįHa H3 KOTODbiIX yxe cojjepxaJIa Ty repMaH0-OaJITO-CJIAaBAHCKYIO MapaJIUIeJIb, rae, no CJIOBaM aBTODpa, “‘obbeau- HAIOTCA IIOJĮ OJJHHM KOpHeM”, VIIOTpEeOJIAEMEIM 1711 OO03Ha4eHHA “TOJIOCOB XHBOTHbIX“, JĮp.-B.-HeM. Ūwila ‘cosa’, JITIN. auka ‘Oypa’ H cepb. yKa ‘Kpuk’ (Bezzenberger 1890: 120). UMeHHO 3TH IpHMeDpEI H BOMAYT B Oyyiiee BbI- CKa3bIBaHHe HCCJIejįOBaTeJIA O npyc. aukis, noAroToBs TIOUBY JŲIA OHOMATO- NMO3THYEeCKOH HHTeEpripeTalLHH JaHHOr0 OpHHTOHHMA. Uro xe KacaeTcA HHOTO, yeMm y HecceJibMaHa, GOpMbl IMpouTEHHA — aukis BMecTO ankis, TO HeJIb3f 3aObIBATb, YTO MMeHHO Benenbeprep kak IIO/JĮTOTO- BHBINHH H H3/ĮaBINHH B coaBTopcTBe ¢ B. 3umonom (W. Simon) doTOKOMNHIO OC (em. Mažiulis 1966: 29) umen BO3MOXHOCTb pacCCMOTDpeTb INpycCcCKOe CJIO- BO HE TOJIbKO CKBO3b IIDH3MŲY 3THMOJIOTHH, HO H B eTO HenocpeacTBeHHOM HauepTaHHH Ha COOTBETCTBYIOLEH CTpaHHIIe pyKONHCHOTO IIaMATHHKA! 2.2.3. Hakone, B-TpeTbHx. O KaKOM INNpOoTHBONOCTaBJIEHHH B3rJjsjaa P. Tpayrmana touke 3penuzs A. BenjjenkGeprepa MOxeT MATH peub, eCJIH yuve- HHK IIOJIHOCTbIO pasjiesifieT IO3HIHIO CBoero VyunTeJIA? JŲJIA HarJIAJ|HOCTH IMpHBeJ/ĮeM B OpHrHHaJIe oda TeKCTA: 1. A. Bezzenberger (1896: 304): “Eine ablautsreihe ou, ou, ū (vgl. W. Schulze K. Zs XXVII 422) setze ich voraus fir lit. (ap-)Jūo< u>kas ‘Nachteule, Kauzchen’, lett. (ap-)ogs, ‘Steinkduzchen’ (mit g durch Anlehnung an russ. pugač?) — preuss. aukis ‘Greif’, lett. auka ‘Sturmwind’, nsl. ukati ‘jauchzen’, serb. uka ‘Geschrei’ — lett. ūkšot (unkset) ‘das gegenseitige Sichzurufen der Hirten’. Dazu skr. ūl-ūka ‘Eule, Kduzchen’, lat. ul-ucus (? Singer PB. Beitr. XII 212), ir. uch ‘Seufzen’, got. atthjon ‘larmen’ (au ?), ahd. awila ‘Eule’, ūfo ‘Uhu’, an. ugla ‘Eule’, ags. eéw 50 Ilpyc. aukis ‘grif’ EV 708 ‘Gryps’ (Holtzmann. Gram. S. 225) aus euqo-z (= preuss. aukis?; die Ubereinstimmung der Bedeutungen ist sehr merkwiirdig)”. 2. R. Trautmann (1910: 306): “aukis Mask. V. 708 ‘grif’ [‘der fabelhafte Vogel Greif’; schon wegen seiner Stellung vor dem Adler nicht ‘Geier’, wie Nesselmann, Thes. 6 will]: li. apūokas ‘Nachteule, Kduzchen’, le. auka ‘Sturmwind’; nslov. tikati ‘jauchzen’; le. ūkšot ‘das gegenseitige Sichzurufen der Hirten’; skr. tlika ‘Eule’; ir. uch ‘Seufzen’; got. auhjon ‘larmen’; anord. ugla ‘Eule’; ags. edw ‘gryps’. Bezzenberger. BB. 21. 304n". Haxe Oersioro B3rjigga Ha ode HHTATbI BIOJIHE AOCTATOYHO JIA TOrO, YTOObI yOeauThCsA B OAHOM: Mp OOpalLIEHHH K HCTODpHH HCCJIEJJOBAHHA npycckoro opHHTOHHMAa EV 708 Bripejįb HH B KOeM CJIyuae OT benuentep- repa HeJIb3A OT/eJIATh TpayTMaHa, a TeM O0JIee — NepBOMY NPOTUBOIIOCTAB- JIATb BTOporo. H nmpourenmne (aukis), H OHOMATONO3THYEeCKa1, BTHMOJIOTHA npycckoro COOTBETCTBHA HeM. grif EV 708 npuHnajyiexaT HCKJIPOUHTEJIbHO Anans0epty Bennen6eprepy (1896 r.). 2.2.4. Yro xe Kacaercs Pennrojisjja Tpayrmana, To yuennKk Beuentep- repa JIMINIb IOCJIeJ[Į0OBaJI 3a CBOHM yuutesieM, Kora B 1910 r., BO-IOHepBbIX, MPUHAJ BTHMOJIOTHYUECKH OOOCHOBAHHYP IIOCJIEJĮHHM OOpMYy OpHHTOHHMA aukis, a BO-BTODpbIX, TOBTOpHJI OOJIbInyr uacTb (9 H3 14) cocraBjieHHoro MM pA/Įa pOJĮCTBEHHbIX eM HH/[O6BpONeHCKHX JIeKCeM, CaMO OOHapyxeHHe KOTOPBIX €ro METPOM H CTaJI0 pelalnnyM apryMeHTOM B IIOJIb3y HMEHHO TaKoKH (BMecTO BapuaHTa ankis y Heccejipsana 1873 r.) HHTeEpripeTaLIHH rpadnuecKoro 00OJIHKa NMTHUbEro Ha3BAaHHA. B HČeJIOM MOXHO CKa3aTb, UTO TpayTMaH OaKTHUeCKH BbICTYTIHJI B pOJIH nonyJIApH3aTOpa H IpyCCKOH (Gpopmsel, H ee 3THMOJIOTHH “or Beuuenbep- repa“, XOTA aBTOPCTBO IIOCJIeJ|Hero0o IOpoH Jaxe TepAeTCA 3a HMEHeM ero yuenuKa (cp. Mažiulis 1988: 112). 2.2.1-4. Takum 06pa30M, BpsJl JIM KOppeKTHO NpUNUChiBaTh Bennjendčep- repy oyaro B 1874 r. oH BOCInpHHHMAIJI IIpyCcCKHH OpHHTOHHM EV 708 kak ankis, uro MEET MeCTO B ye YIIOMSAHYTOMH BbiNnIe JIMTepaType Bompoca. B JAEVCTBUTEJIbHOCTH Xe pelleH3eHT IEpBOH IIONbITKH CO3/JĮAaHHA 3THMOJIOTH- 4ECKOTO cJIoBaps TIpyCCKOTO sA3blKa JIMINb — CKaXeM Tak — “IpOonHHTHpOBAJI" 51 AHATONUNA HEnOoKYrnHbiū Ty (opMy Ha3BaHHA, Ha KOTOpoH (NnoCcJIe cBoero OTKa3a OT IIEepBOHa“4AJIL- HOro BapHaHTa npouTteHus — aukis) ocTraHoBHJICcA Heccensman. Bojiee Toro, npeaioxeHHoe IIOCJIEeJ|HHM COJIMXeHHe npyc. ankis ¢ H[CJIaB. HO2Zb TpeacTaBs- JIAJIOCb ero KpUTHUKY “oveHb COMHHTEeJIbHbIM" (Bezzenberger 1874: 1236), 4yTO daKTHUeCKH MNepeBOJĮHJIO, Ka3aJioch Obl, yxe HalgeHHYI0 aBTOpoM Te- 3aypyca 3TUMOJIOTMYECKyI0 OIOpY JIA CBOEro HOBOTO BHJIEHUA IIpyCCKOTO Ha3BaHHA B pa3ps/l BechbMa maTkux. Pa3Be ckaszaHHOE MOXET CBH/IETeJIb- CTBOBATh O TOM, YTO peljeH3eHT ObLI COrJlaceH € TpaKTOBKOH OOpMbI OpHH- ToHHMA EV 708 umeHHO Kak ankis? 2.2.5. OnpejjeJi1uB JįeHcTBHTeJIbHOe MecTO BennjenGeprepa B XpoHHuKe 00- paunįeHHH K Teme IIpyCCKOTO COOTBeTCTBHA Hem. grif EV 708, nonbrraeMCcA [IPOCJIeIUTH 3a pa3BHTHEM MPbICJIH VYUeHOT'O HJIH XOTA Obl HAMEeTHTb OCHOB- Hbl€ BEXH B HHTepripeTalL|HMH IrpadHuUeCcKOH OOpMbI H pa3paOdOTKH JTHMOJIO- TH4ecCcKOTO COJĮepxaHHA rnpyc. aukis. 1) H3 npeasiokeHHOro 0030pa CTaHOBHTCA ACHbIM, UTO cHauajIa (1874 T.) y HCCJIEeJĮOBATEJIA MOTMIO BO3HHKHYTb COMHEHHe B KOppEeKTHOCTH IIpejį- JIoxeHHOoH HecceJibMaHOM nepBoi (110 BpeMeHH) 3THMOJIOTHH PEKOHCTPYH- poBaHHOH IOCJIEeJĮHHM JĮJIA DC TIpyCCKOH OpHHTOHHMHYUeCKOH opmsl ankis, KOTOpypP TOT B 1873 r. ripejįrio4ueJi cBoemy xe INpe/įbŲĮynuIeMy BapuaHTy Ipo- uTEHHA aukis, TMIpejįCcTaBJIEHHOMY B IONOJITOTOBJIEHHOMY MM Xe INEpBOM M3/1a- HHH DJIbOHHTCKOTO CJIOBapA B 1868 r. (cm. Dini 1993: 212). 2) 3arem (1890 r.) npodeccop Kenurcbeprckoro yKnBepcHTeTAa HarIeua- TajJI BTHMOJIOTHUECKYP pa3paboTKy, TOCBALĮEHHYIO B YaCTHOCTH TEpMAaHO- OaJITO-CJIABAHCKHM pedJieKcaM H.-e. “keug-, rae B OJHOM Psy OKAa3aJIHCb Ap.-B.-HeM. Ūwila “coBa' “i nti. auka “Gypa': OTCIOJIa OCTABAJIOCb CJeJIATb TOJIbKO OJĮHH IIIar, 4UTOObI MEeEpeHTH K Ha3BaHUIO ele OHO IITHISbI — Ha 3TOT pa3 npyc. aukis. 3) HU, Hakoneų (1896 r.), Trakas BcTped4a — OTHIOJIb He C BapHaHTOM ankis, a HCKJIOUHTEJIbHO ¢ (dopMoH aukis — Hi cocTosach, Kora Benrnek6eprep He- noCcpeACTBEHHO H HaHOOJIEE OOCTOATEJIbHO IOOJĮONIEJI K KHCCJIEJĮVEMOMY HAMH OpHHTOHHMY, Half [JI Hero TIDO4HOE MeCTO B JJOCTATOUKHO JŲJIHHHOH IIĮeTIH npuHaJJIeXalIHX pa3JIM4KHbIM HHHOEBpONeHCKHM A3bIKAM CJIOB, CBA3AHHbIX OTHONLIEeEHHAMH Uepe/Į0BAaHHA MNIaCHbIX (ou, ou, i). 2.2.6. Hejib3xA He oTMeTHTb, 4TO riocJie Tpayrmana (Trautmann 1910: 306) dopma H 3THMOJIOTHA TIpYC. aukis B TpakToBke Bennen6eprepa 1896 r. BOIILJTA BO BCE BTHMOJIOTHUECKHE CJIOBapH (HJIH Ke JTHMOJIOTHUECKHE UAaCTH 52 Ilpyc. aukis ‘grif’ EV 708 OOIIHX CJIOBapeH) OaJITHHCKHX A3bIKOB XX cr. (ME 1923, 221 — s. v. aūka; Endzelins 1943: 146; Fraenkel 1962: 11 — s. v. apuokas; TonopoB 1975: 148- 149; Mažiulis 1988, 111-112; Karulis 1992: 87 — s. v. auka). Ojnjnaro B 1993 r. yxe nouTH CTOJIETHAA Tpa/ĮHIKHA HEeOXHJIJaHHO Oba ripepBaHa rryOJiuKanHeH Cpa3y JĮByx cTaTeH: OjįHa UX HHX IIpH3bIBAJIa Bep- HYyTbCA K BepcHH HeccernsąMara 1873r. — *ankis (B. Schlerath — ecm. Hinze 1996-97: 147-148), npyras npejJiarasa TpeTHH nyTb — *aubis (Dini 1993: 214). EcJIM TETMEDpb NoneiTaThCA NPeJACTaBUTh OCHOBHBIE BEXH B HCTOpHH HCCJIe- JI0BaHUsA INpyCCKOTO COOTBETCTBHA Hem. grif EV 708, To Ttakywo “JIETONHCb" MOXHO pa3MeCTHTb B cieaylouen TaOJIHILe: l'on d®opmMa ABTOp d®opma ABTOp ®opma AsTOp || 1 | III 1868 | aukis HecceJibMaHn | — - - = 1873 | — | - ankis | HeccenibMan = i 1896 | -//- | beuuenGeprep - - pm 1910 -// Tpayrmas = — - - 1943 ~//— DH n3eJIHH = = - = 1975 -//— TonopoB — - - - 1988 | -//- Maxiomic - | - 1992 -//- | Kapyme | - | - |- - | = 1993 - | - | ~//- | Illnepar | aubis | Jlnnn 2.2.7. Yka3aB Ha cocymjecTBOBaHHe Tpex pa3jIHUHbIX BApHaHTOB Ipo4TE- HHA OpHHTOHHMA (cM. TaKxe Blažek 1998: 8-9), Mb Tem He MeHee Npo- JŲOJIKAEGM npuaepXxuBarthbes ojHoro. DTO JiuKHA Heccenpmana (c 1868 no 1873) — benuenteprepa (1896) — Tpayrmana (1910) u ux mocsiejoBaTeJiei, BH/JIĮEBINHX B MPYCCKOM nTHYbeM Ha3BaHHH EV 708 ¢opmy aukis. 3.0. B COOTBETCTBHH C TEM IJIAHOM, KOTODBbIH OblJI aHOHCMPOBAH B CAMOM HauajIe Hauero pa3bIicKaHHA (CM. 0), nocsie OnNpejleJIEeHHA BHenIHerO OOJIHKA MPYCCKOro opHHTOHHMA aukis (cM. 2) nepenHjjeM K pacCMOTPEHHIO ero BHY- TpeHHeH (DOpMEI, T. €. 3THMOJIOTHH. Ecjnim: BenpjenOeprep onpejteJIiHJI, 4To — Kak YINOMHHAaJIOCh Bbilie (CM. 2.2.2) — KODpEHb, BbICTYyrMaP0IHHA B JAHHOM IITHYLEM HAHMEHOBAHHH, YIIO- Tpe0OJiAeTCA JŲIA OO03HauUeHHA “TOJIOCOB XHBOTHbIxX" (Bezzenberger 1890, 120), To TeM CAMBIM ŠObIJIO YCTAHOBJIEHO 3BYKOTIMNOJĮpa*XATEJIbHOE IpOHCXO- 53 AnaATojnHū HENOKYNHBA KaeHue OpHHTOHHMA No 2 B peectpe nepHathix DC. H TaKyP TOuky 3pe- HUA HJpyXHO INOJŲĮJepXaJIH aBTOpbIi HOBEHIINX JTHMOJIOTHUECKHX CJIOBapeH npyccKoro A3bIKa. Cp.: “ MoxHo NpeanojoXnuTh, 4TO peyb UAeT O Ha3BAHHH OTHULBI, B OCHOBe KOTOPOro nojpaxaHue xapakrepHomy kpuky” (ToriopoB 1975: 148). H Bonee kaTeropmyHo MocJjie Toro, Kak Obl NPpUBEIEH PAM yxe YIIOMAHYTBIX COOTBETCTBUM IrIpyc. aukis, Beickaszasicsa B. Maxiojinc: “Bee atu CJIOBA B KOHILIE KOHIIOB ABJIAITCA OHOMATONOJ3THUECKOTO NMPOUCXOXIeHUs" (Maziulis 1988: 112). BmecTe ¢ TeM yxe CTOJIETHAA TPaJUILIAA PTHMOJIOTH3aLIHH nipyc. aukis EV 708 BoBce He MCKJIIYaeT BO3MOXHOCTH MOMCKA H HHOH BHYyTpeHHeH OOpMEI 3TOTO OpHHTOHHMA. 3.1. CtpemsAch HarJIAJĮHO TIpOHJIJIOCTpHpOBaTb CBOH TEe3HC O MHOroobpa- 3HH reorpadHuecKoro BapbHpOoBaHHH (ODOpM XHBOTo A3BIKA, IIp. CKapjprroC IpHBeJI TAKYI0 CBOJKY CBUJI€TEJIbCTB: “+++ TO, 4eM JŲIA xHTeJIeH Bamoons [M-ko KOp6apkckoro p-Ha . — A.H.] asnsetcs peslys ‘onpenenenHsiil Bu Acrpebda, Milan (Milvus)’, TO B Kyjiaii, Moceauc [M-KH cooTBeTcTBeHHO IlJIyHTEHCKOTO H Cryojįjaccekoro p-HOB. — A.H.] H ap. HaseiBawoT klykis, B K)p6aprace un KBejjapre [m-ko Illnjiajiberoro p-Ha. — A.H.] — sūopis, a B Įlycarax [LleHTp ojįtHOHMeHHOro p-Ha. — A.H.] — linge” (Skardžius 1943: 571-572). EcJIM BbICTpOHTb 3TOT CHHOHHMHYeCKHŪĖ psf B aJipaBUTHOM TOPAAKE — klykis, linge, peslys, stiopis, To oxaxerca, 4TO MO CBOE BHyTpeHHeil dopme NpUBEJIeHHAsA CepHA pa3/iesIAeTCs Ha [iBe YaCTH — OPHUTOHHUMBI, OPUEHTHPO- BaHHBIE, C OJIHOM CTOPOHBI, HA TOJIOC IITHIBI, a C JĮĮpyTOH — Ha ee MoJIeT. Tax, nur. klykis ‘kpacusiiit kopmyH (Milvus milvus)’ — kak Ha3BaHHe OHO M3 ITHIŲ (LKŽ,, 88), 06pa30BaHHoe OT 3ByKOonojįpaxaTeJIsHOro rJIarojiIa klykti "*KJIKMKATb (O ntunax)’ (cm. Fraenkel 1962: 271), B 3TOM CMBICJIE ABJIIAET- CA MPOTHUBOINOCTABJIEHHBIM JIMT. peslys ‘KOplIyH, XHIONIHAA NTHIJa CeMeHCTBA acTrpeOūHHBbIx (Milvus)’ (LKŽ,. 869): ot u.-e. *pet- ‘nerarsb, nagares’ (Fraenkel, ibid., 579). YTo ke KacaeTCA OCTaJbHBIX NPUMEPOB M3 “XUIIHONTHYbEN” CepHH Crap/pxioca, To eme B 1921 r. K. Byra Bolles Ha 4pe3BbruaiiHO MHTEPECHOe JŲJIA Halnnero pa3bickaHHA obodbmenue: “Kak lingé “Jryhb' rmoJIVuHJIO CBOE HMA or “lingavimosi” ('kauanusa'. — A.H.), Tak H HuMeto0nIee ¢ HUM OONnEE 3Haue- 54 Ilpyc. aukis ‘grif’ EV 708 Hue suopis [‘kaHioK’] JĮOJIXHO OBLIO NOyYUTh [Ha3BaHue] oT “supavimosi”, “supimosi” ” (Būga 1959: 359), T.e. ‘KoJibIXaHUSA . Takum oOpasom, eCJIH B CHHOHUMHUYECKOM PAY XUIHBIX [IepHAaTHIX, Ha- 3BaHHA KOTOpPBIX cobpast CKaplįXI0C, COOTHOIIEHUEe AJIbTEpHATHBHbIX BHY- TpeHHHX OPM — TOJIOC HJIH IIOJIET IOTHIHIBI — OOHADpYXHJIO npeobiagaHue nocJiejjHen (3: 1), TO B 3TOM Xe BapnaHTe 3TUMoJiorusanuu Byra ycTaHO- BHJI OONIYPO JĮeBepOaTHBHYP) MOJIeJIb ABYX OPHUTOHMMOB: lirigė — lingtioti n sūopis <— sūpti, T. e. “KauaTbcaA' — ‘nTuia’. OTO H HarIpaBJIAeT HAC Ha IOHCKH rjaroJjia, KOTODpbIH IIOMOT Obl OTBETHTb Ha BOMPOC O BHYyTpeHHeH dOopMEe npyc. aukis. 3.2.1. Ilojj100Ho TOMY, Kak JŲIA apryMeHTAalHLHH BTOTO pa3bICKAaHHA BECb- Ma aKTYAaJIbHbIM OKasaJicA COCTaBJIEHHbIH CKapHKI0COM COBCeM JIA ĮĮpyTroH [[eJI1 CHHOHHMHYUECKHHA pAIl HMEH CYLIeCTBUTEJIbHBIX (CM. BbinIe), TOYHO TaKxe AkajjeMHuecKHH CJIOBApb JIMTOBCKOrO fi3bIKa OYeHb KCTaTH Ipej/[o- cTaBJIAeT Teriepb B Hallle pacCIiIOpAxXeHHe CepHIO COBINAJJaI0OINIIIHX IO CBOEMY 3HAa4UeHHPO IJ1aroJios: “aukūoti ... supti, linguoti, liūliuoti: Močia arba auklė aukūoja kūdikį, t. y. ant rankų linguoja, Sokina” (LKŽ, 496), rae HJUJIOCTpHpYyPOLIIHA TIpHMeDp MOXHO MepeBeCTH Kak ‘MaTh HJIH HAHA KOJIbInIEeT peGeHKa, T. €. KauaeT Ha pyrax, nojgHumMasi, OarKaeT'. EcJIM coOriocTaBHTb 00€ LENMOYKU TOJIbKO 4TO IIpHBeJHeHHbIX OOpa3OBA- HHH — (I) aukūoti, lingūoti, liūliūoti, sūpti, ¢ OHON CTOpOHEI, H (II) klykis, lingė, peslys, sūopis — c APYTOii, TO CpejįH TEX rJIraTOJIbHbIX OOpM, KOTODEbIe B OTJIMUKe OT lingūoti MH supti He TIOJIVSHJIH COOTBETCTBYPONnIEro JJe- BepbaTuBa (Cp. B TOM Xe NnoCJIeJjį0BaTEJIbHOCTH lifigé H stiopis), OKaxeTcs, B 4aCTHOCTH, auktioti. U cam cobo10 HanpammBaeTcs BOIPOC: a He UMEIOT JIN MeXy co60oH reHeTHYeCKON CBA3H JINT. auktioti u npyc. aukis? 3.2.2. 3BeCTHBIX HAM JIOKAJIM30BAHHBIX NPUMEpPOB ynoTpebJieHus ria- rosa aukūoti B roBopax JIMTOBCKOIrO fA3blKa CJIHINKOM Maso: 3To Illakai (ibid.) mu Ilakuna, lIsynsiickoro p-Ha (Būga 1959: 642). OrHocHTeJIbHO MOCJIEIHEro MyHKTa Mbl HMEeM TOATBepXKaeHne CO CTOpoHkl Ap. H. Dpma- HUTEe, KOTOopas coodiuujia aBTopy TUX CTpoK (BujibHiroc, UHCTUTYT JIMTOB- CKOro Ai3bIKA, HIOHb 2006 r.), uro cJI0BO auktioti, -ūoja, -avo “supti, linguoti, liūliuoti (vaiką)' ona cJIbiurajJIa OT CBOEeH MATEDpH, NMpOHCXOJIMBINeKH HMeEHHO H3 IIlaKHHbi. 55 AHATONUA HENOKYNHHHA Emile OJĮHHM TeppUTOPHAJIBHO MPUYPOYEHHBIM OTBETOM Ha Halll BONPOC MbI 00sA3aHbl Ap. B. CryHjprnene (Tam xe, UHCTUTYT JIMTOBCKON JIMTEpaTy- pel H dosibKIIOpa, Tora Xe) — paaukuoti ‘trumpai vaiką pakilnoti, pasupti’: Paaukuok vaiką, gal nustos verkti (okpectHocTu IlacBajiuca, yes Ilanese- XHnc), T. e. ‘Tlokayan pebeHKa, MOXeT, nepecTaHeT IIJIAaKATb KpomMe Toro, BBUAy TOro, 4TO OCHOBHbIE HJIJIOCTpalIHH H3 YIIOMAHYTON CTAaTbH B LKZ oTChUIAIOT K Jiekcukorpapuyeckomy tpyay A. IOnikn, TO He JIMITHUM OyZIeT OTMETHTb H JIOKAJIH3AaILIHPO HCXOJIHbIX MATEpHaJIOB, coOpaH- HbIX ero aBTOpoM: “3TO OONIIHH CJIOBapb pa3roBOpHOH peuu [H. mn.] Ilymia- norac, BsunooHa, Busbkua, Ajibcejpkai H ux oKpecrHocTeH" (Tolutienė 1961: 151). [lockoJibKY MepeuHCJIeHHbIE MEeCTeYKHM OTHOCATCA COOTBETCTBEHHO K [lacBasmmcckomy, KOpbapkckomy, KayHacckomy ui IjryHreHckoMy paHoHaM, TO B HeJIOM HaMeuaPTCA Ba apeasia ynorpebseHus raarosa auktoti — 1) no oboum Oeperam HamyHaca (cp. Bolle yKa3aHHe Ha M-KO Illakai) un 2) B/10JIb CéBepHOH OKpauHbl JINTBEI (Cp. NOATBEPAUTEIbBHOE CBH/IETEJIbCTBO O IIlaknHe H pukcanumio TaKOH OOpMBI B okpecTHocTAX [TacBanuca). 3.2.3. B TaKOM xe „KOJIBIOCJIbHOM" KJII0O46 BBICTYNaeT 3TOT MraroJI H B naMATHHKAaX JIATOBCKOTO fi3bIKa: ĮĮpEBHeHMINHH NMpUMep VIIOTpeOJIEHHA HC- cJIeIyeMoro CJIOBa OTMEVeEH B Tekcrax K. Bperkynaca (Fraenkel 1962: 24 — s.v. auka), T.e. nojį 1590 (3aBepurenue nepesoaa Bubjruu) nam 1591 rr. (n3- Janne Ilocmuutbi). HeckoJibKO0 no3xe no106Hoe CBHJETEJIbCTBO NMOABUIIOCH nu B IHlocmwwte M. Jlaykmu 1599 r. (430/13), rae peus uaer o GaitoKanbe (neenpuuactue — aukuodamas) “cBaroro miagenua” (LKZ 496). H, XOTA pyKONMCHbIE NMAMATHHKH HEMELKO-JIMTOBCKON JIEKCHKOTpaOHH XVII B. TOJIKYIOT TNT. aukuoti inub Kak “sprengen in die Hohe” (CGL, 559 / 551; LL 353 / 82), oaHako yBuaesume cer AsyctropoHHue ciaopapm XVIII B. B CBOMX CTaTbAX 00 “aukdju” nopawT Hosiee no po6HO BhIMUCAHHOE 3HaYe- Hue. Cp. “ich sprenge ein Kind, hebe es auf und nieder” (Ruhig 1747: 10) un “ich hebe ein Kind auf, wiege es auf den Armen” (Mielcke 1800: 15). Kak Ham kKaxeTtcs, Takas xe “KOJILIOeJIbHaA1" ceMaHTHKa, CKOpee BCero, CTOUT H 3a YIIOMAHYTBIMHU Bbillle CBUAETEeJIbCTBAMH U3 JIEKCHKOHOB XVII B., B KOTOpBIX npu “sprengen in die Hohe” caeayer noapasymesarts “ein Kind”. BmecTte ¢ Tem Lituanica BOCTOYHOIIPYCCKOrO perHOHa npejocTaBjifieT B Halle pacrnopspkeHHue H eJMHCTBEHHbBIN TEKCT, cojepxaiuui B cede HCKOMbIH rjraroji. Tak, B oqHOM m3 CIOXeTOB noamel Kp. Jlonenaintuca Bpemena coda, 56 Ilpyc. aukis ‘grif’ EV 708 aarupyemoun 1765-75rr., peub HHET O TOM, UTO, NOApaxasa B3pOCJIbIM, jJĮe- BO4KH UTPAIOT CO CBOHMH KYKJIaMH, “Kauasi HX Ha JIOKTAX" (auktiodamos ant alkūnių; LKŽ, 496). 3.2.4.0. IlpnuBejjeHHnas Bbime LMATaTa H3 LKŽ (3.2.1) HMeeT CBOHM HC- TOYHUKOM Jlumoeckui cJroeapb A. IOnixu. YU 3/Įecb Heb3s He MoA4epKHYTh TOro, 4TO “Bech MaTepHaJI CJIOBaps B3AT H3 YCT HaApo/ja, a He yHacJie/loBaH H3 yxe ONYyOJIHKOBAHHBbIX paboT H CJIOBapeH“, 4TO CaM Xe aBTOp “CuHTAJI caMOH HLeHHOH OCOOeHHOCTbPO cBoero Tpyja" (Tolutiené 1961: 150). Cjrenjo- BaTeJIbHO, CBH/[eTeJIbCTBa A. FOmIKM He TOJIbKO COOpaHbI HCCJIeJ[0BaTEJIEM “H3 IEpBbIX pyK“, HO B TO Xe BpeMs ABJIAKTCA H BIIOJIHE HE3ABHCHMbIMH OT JaHHBIX ĮĮpyTHX aBTOPOB, YTO UCKJII0YAET BO3MOXHOCTb BJIMAHHA CO CTOPO- Hbl MOCJIeJHUX. 3.2.4.1. B crarsbe 00 auktioti aBTOp CJI0Baps BbUJEJIHJI, B YACTHOCTH, [Ba 3HavyeHus: 1. “KauaTb Ha pykax; hojdač na reku dziecie’ u 2. 'KauaTb nojdpa- ceiBasg CHH3Y BBepX; bujač — kotysaé z gory na dé’ (FOwmkesuu 1897: 177). Kaxayn M3 3THX CéeMaHTUYEeCKHX XapaKTepUCTHK JIeKCUKorpad IIpOHJIUIO- CTPUPOBAJI OAHUM NIPUMEPOM CO CBOMM OObACHeHHeM. Tak, B nocneguem cJryvae ynuraem: “Vilnys aukuoja sielj (ptyt drzewa), valtį ant Nemuno, vandens, t. y. linguoja, supuoja” (tam xe), T. €. ‘BOJIHbI KO- JIbinmaT TIJIOT, JIOAKY Ha HamyHace, Boje’. K COxaJIeHHP0, 3TO CBUAETEJIbCTBO ynorpedjieHuA uccjaeyemMoro rjiaroJjia BO BTOpoM 3Ha4eHUH — B OTJIMYUE OT “KOJIbIOEJIbHOTO" — Tak H OCTaHeTC A OJHUM-EIMHCTBEeHHBIM H B AKajeMuue- CKOM CJIOBape. Ūro xe Kacaercsa DawkaHbsa pebeHKa, TO B 3TOM IJIaHe aukuoti Kak MU- HHMYM JBaX/bl BCTpeuaeTCA B CBa/ĮeOHbIX MeCHAX, 3ariHCAHHbIX TEM Xe HC- cJIeJj[jOBaTejJIeM B BajJiooHe H ee oKpecTHocTAx. Cp. [dukrelė] Ant baltų rankų aukuota, Margo vygele vygiuota (FOmkeuu 1883: 140 No 159), T. e. [jjouypkra, Ko- TOpy:10] ‘Ha 6eJikix pykax 6aiokanu / B riecTpoH KoJIBIOeJIH KauaJIH'. 3.2.4.2. OjįHako 3HauHTEJIbHbIKH HHTEepec yXe He B CEMAHTHUECKOM, a B CJIOBO0O0pa30BaTeJIbHOM aCleKTe BhI3bIBaeT elle OHA CTaThs H3 pacCMaTpH- BaeMoro cjioBaps: “Atikas, -ka m. ‘kauanue pebeHka Ha pykax, HaH4YeHHe; hojdanie na reku. V. aukuoti” (FOmxkesuu 1897: 176). [MomemenHas B nepsom H3jlanun (1941r.) LKZ ('LKZ, 386), sta craTba 57 AnaATojinuA HENOKYNHBA ObUra noBTOpeHa H Bo BTopoM (*LKŽ, 474). Jia Hameit Temsl Takas dbopMa HMeeT OCODYP 3HaUuHMOCTb. H BOT novyemy. Jlar. attkas sBJiAeTCA TAKHM ke OJIEKTHBHLIM IIpOH3BOJĮHBIM OT auktioti, Kak H npyc. aukis EV 708 or coOTBeTCTBYIOLIEro ripycceKoro riaaroJa. Pa3- HULA Mexy OODeHMH OJOpMAMH 3aKJIP04AaeTCA JIMIIL B TOM, 4UTO ECJIH JIMTOB- CKHH ĄĮĮeBepOaTHB 0003Hau4aeT JeHCTBHE, TO NPYCCKUH — aeAaTesis. Bmecre ¢ TeM He MOXeT He OOpaTHTb Ha CEO BHHMAHHA TO OOCTOSITEJIbCTBO, UTO, 110 MHeHH10 B. Makxiojinca, HMeHHO npyc. “aukas (T.e. peKOHCTPYKIIHA, TOX/Ie- CTBEHHAA peaJIbHO 32aCBH/[eTeEJIbCTBOBaHHOMY JIMTOBCKOMY CJIOBY!) JĮOJIXKHO OLbUJIO MpeĮĮLIECTBOBATb JJILBOHHTCKOMY OpHHTOHHMY aukis (Mažiulis 1988: 112). H kak Oki TAM HH OBLTO, HO VyXE CaM OdaKT ONpyCCKO-JIHTOBCKOH OOINOHO- CTH MPH HCINOJIb30BaHHH OJĮHOH H TOH Xe JepHBalLHOHHOH MOJ/JĮeJIH CBH/Ie- TeJIbCTBYyeT O IJIyOMHE COBMECTHEIX AIB3bIKOBEIX NMeEpexHBaHHH Ha TeHeTHUe- CKH TOXKJĮECTBEHHOM MaTepuaJsie IpOoH3BOJIHbIX OOpa30BaHHH OT H3BeCTHOTO (JIMTOBCKOTO) H npejįnojiaraeMoro (NnpycCCKOTro) rJIaroJIOB. 3.3. PaceMorpenne ripyc. aukis EV 708 CKBO3b IIpH3MYy CBH/IETEJIbCTB JIATOBCKOTO A3bIKa HMEeeT BeCbhMa yOūejįHTeEJIbHOe H K TOMY Xe COOCTBEH- HO OPHUTOJIOrHYEeCKoe OO0O0CHOBaHHE — COOTBETCTBYPINYIO TEXHHKY IIOJIeTAa rnepHaTbiIX. Kak H3BecTHO, BbICMaTpHBaf cede JoObvy, XHIHBIE MTHILI NOJ0JTY TMa- pAT B Bozayxe. Cp.: “Bee KpynHbie BH/Įbi KOPIIYHOB ABJIAIOTCA XOPOUIMMH rmJ1aHepHCTaMH, KOTOpble, KPyXach, MOTYT JIeTKO ĮĮEpXATbCH Ha OOJIbINHX BeicoTax” (Fischer 1963: 10). H yIMBHTEJIBHO TOYHO NnpejįcTAaBHJI CBO “pa3bop noseTos” Takoro pojja HeH3BECTHbIH aBTODp CIoxeTa B 'aJIMIJKO-BOJIbIHCKONH JIeTONMUCH, Kora, rnose- CTBYA O COObITHAX 1245 r., OH XHBOTMHCAJI TO, 4TO HMEHHO VBH/IeJIO B Hehe BOHCKO KHA3A Jlanunjia PoMaHOBHUa: “,+.H OBIBIIIO 3HAMEHIJO CHILE HAJĮb NOJIKOMbB: CULE IIpHINEJOIHAMb OpJIOMb H MHOTbIMb BbpOHOMb, AKO OOOJIOKY BEJIMKY, HTpaI0IIUHMb K€ TITHIJAMb, OpJIOMBb KE KJIEKOLNIĮPONUNJUMb H I JIAaBAIOIIUHMb KDHJIbI CBOHMH H BbCINpOMETA10NIIIHMb XE CA Ha BO3JIYCb, AKO X€E HHKOT Jia HMHKOJIH K€ HE Ob; H ce 3HaMeHie [He] Ha gobpo OkiIcTb" (I'BJI 107/685). Habumoaenus Hajlį TEM, KAKHM CIIOCOOOM JIeTat0OT pa3JIMUHKBIE BH/ĮbI ITHI, Hau CBOe OOOOMeHHEe H B CKJIA/ĮbIBAHHH OJĮHOTO H3 NPUHIUIIOB UX HA3EI- 58 Ilpyc. aukis ‘grif’ EV 708 BaHHA1. H TaKOH TUN HOMHHAIĮHH INepHaTbIX IIpDpHMeHAeT He TOJIBKO OaJITHH- CKad, HO H CJIaBAHCKas ODHHTOHHMHA. Tak, Hannpumep, npacinas. *lelbkd, *lel’aks, *lelikv ‘ko30a01 (Caprimulgus europeus)’ un ap. (B TOM unHcJIe H Oes. gua. Jesik ‘scrped’) “O0JIbIIMH- CTBO HCCJIeJ[OBaTeJIeHh OTHOCUT K mnpacaas. *leléti, *leléjati [‘kauaTh(csa), KOJIbIXaTb(CA), marare(cs)’. — A.H.] ... cauras, 4TO NTHIlA Ha3BaHa Tak Mo XapakTepHOMY Jia Hee “KauaronijeMyca" nosery” (OCCA 14: 105). Cp. TaKxe B IIOJIbCKOH KHHre O nruuax 1779 r. onpejieIeHHbI BU cokoua (Falco cherrug Gray) Hocut HauMeHoBaHue sokot plywacz, TOCKOJIBKY “latajac tak wiasnie jak ptywa po powietrzu” (Strutynski 1972: 106), T.e. OyYKB. '"TIJIOBELIĮ', KOTOPBIM JIeTaeT Tak, ‘Kak OyATO IUIBIBET MO BO3AYXY . 3.1-3. Bce, 0 yem ObUIO CKaszaHO Bbllle, NO3BOJIAET YBEPEHHO IpejJio- KUTh aJIbTEPHATUBHYIO K CYL[ECTBYIOIIEHN “TOJIOCOBOH" “NOJIETHYI” 3TUMO- JIOTHIO NpyccKoro OpHHTOHHMA aukis EV 708. OpueHTHUpYACh Ha JIUT. aukiloti ‘KOJIbIXaTh, [IOKaYUBaTh, Dal0KaTh’, MOXHO c4HTAaTb NMpYycC. aukis TAKHM xe OJIEKTHBHbIM IIpOH3BOJĮHbIM OOpa30BAHHeM, KaK H JIHMT. linge "Jrynb' wim sūopis 'KaHIOK'. H BecbMa BaxHo, 4TO 06a Jiepu- BaTa CO3/ĮaIOT JIA MCCIeAYEeMOro HAMH IIpyCCKOTO OpHHTOHHMA IIpOUHEIH CEMaHTHKO-THIN0JIOTHY4eCKHH KOHTEKCT B TEppHTOpHAaJIbHO OJIMXAaHINeM K 3artaJįHO-OaJITHHCKOMY JIMTOBCKOM AfiI3bIKOBOM apeajie. CJIie/J[OBATEJIbHO, Ha3BaHHe No 2 B OpHHTOHHMHYeCKOM peecTpe DC Kak 00pa30BaHHOe IO TOU xe MOJIeJiH 'KauaHHe' — 'nTHIJa', Kotopas yxe Oba yCTaHOBJIEHA B JIATOBCKOH JIeKcHKe (cm. 3.1), ABJIAETCA ewe OJJHHM apryMeHTOM IIpOTHB TOro, 4TO B cTaTbe grif aukis EV 708 MorjJia HATH peub O HEKOEM CKa3OUHOM CyLIEeCTBe, a He O pPeajibHO CYLIEeCTBYIOIEeM NepHaTOM. PekoHCTpyKIOKHA BHyYTpeHHeHh OOpMbI Npyc. aukis He TOJIbKO IOJĮTBEDpx- JaeT KOppeKTHOCTb HMeHHO TaKOro BapHaHTAa IIpoO4TEHHA pyKONHCHOTO Ha- uepTaHHA OpHHTOHHMA, HO H BBOJĮHT €ro B LIHDpOKHH KOHTEKCT OaJITHHCKHX MPOM3BOAHBIX OOpa3OBaHHH C OOIHM 3HauUeHHeM ‘BBICH’, “BbICOKHHM", ‘BO3- BbINIATbCA', “BbICOKO"' H T.II. EcJiH B 000MX HOBeHIIIHX 3TUMOJIOTHYECKUX CJIOBADpAX IpyCCKOTMO s3biKa OpHHTOHHM aukis EV 708 B ero craBnieH Tpa/ĮHMIOHOHHOH OHOMAaTOIO3THYe- CKOH HHTepripeTal[HH OKAa3bIBaeTCA H30JIMPOBaHHBIM OOpa30BaHHeM 3a- mnaJjįHOOaJITHHCKOH JIEKCHKH (TONMOHHMHYeCKHE INapaJIJIeJIH, CTpOTO TOBODPA, JIMIIeHbl OHO3HAYHOCTH MNpejįriojiaraeMOH CEMaHTHKH CBOHX OOpM), TO B HaleM cjiydae odcyxagaemMoe IITHYbe Ha3BaHHe VxXe He ABJIAeTCA OJĮHHO- 59 AnaATojimuA HEnokxYyrnnHkhiA KHM. BbrujieHAeMbIH B 310i OopMe KOpeHb *auk- HaxXOJIHTCA B OTHONIEHHAX 4epe/įjoBaHHA C *uk-, npejįcTABJIEHHbIM, Kak ObU10 onpejesieHo eme A. Bej- neHbeprepom, B NpycckoMm npedukce npeBocxogHOH cTeneHu ucka-, KOTo- pb CTOAT B OJIHOM PAY C JIMT. aukūoti ‘kavyaTh, NOAHUMAThH BBEPX, BBBIChH . Cp. ynoMnHaHHe O CBAB3H obeux 3THX OopM y fA. Ouasennna (Endzelins 1943: 268). Takum 06pa30M, ecJIH U3/laBHa CYLIECTBYIOIAsA BTHMOJIOTHYUeCKAAI Bep- CHA npycckoro OopHHTOHHMA EV 708 6bis1a copHeHTHDpOBaHa Ha JT. Ūkauti 'ayKaTb, MepexKJIMKaThCA’, TO Npe/IokKeHHas HaMH — Ha OMOHHMHYKHbIH eMy rnaron Ūūkduti 'HocHTb Ha pykax, KauaTb' (cp. Fraenkel 1962: 1159-1160; LKZ J 400-401). OaHako COOTBETCTBYIOIUIET0 3BYKOIOApaxaTeJIbHOro HH- duHUTHBA — “ABOMHHUKA” K pacCMOTPEHHOMY Bhillle auktoti He 3aPUKCHPO- BaHO. HCTOYHHKH H JIMTEPATYPA ANDRE, J. 1967: Les noms d’oiseau en latin. Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck. BezzENBERGER, A. 1874: [Anzeige] G. H. F. Nesselmann. Thesaurus Linguae Prussicae. Berlin, 1873. Gottingische Gelehrte Anzeigen. Stiick 39. 30. September 1874, 1221-1250. BezzenBERGER, A. 1890: Etymologien. Beitrdge zur Kunde der indogermanischen Spra- chen, herausgegeben von A. Bezzenberger, Bd. 16, 120. BezzenBERGER, A. 1896: [Anzeige] H. Hirt. Der indogermanische Akzent. Ein Handbuch. Strassburg, 1895. Beitrage zur Kunde der indogermanischen Sprachen, herausgege- ben von A. Bezzenberger und W. Prellwitz, Bd. 21, Heft 1, 289-315. Brazek, V. 1998: Old Prussian bird names. In: W. 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