Kalbinio punkto gyvavimo situacija: XX a. vidurys – XXI a. pradžia

215 a icles by a icles janina ŠVaMba y ė-VaLuŽienė Ins i u e o Li huanian Language Resea ch a eas: analysis o w i en sou ces, lexicog aphy and lexicology o w i en sou ces, sociolinguis ics. The si ua ion o he Li ing Poin o Kalbinio: mid-20 h cen u y […] The Vi ali y o Language Poin s: Middle o he 20 h […] beginning o he 21s cen u y anno a ion The language poin , dis inguished om he speake s as a uni o uni o esidence, social ne wo ks s uc u ally linked o o he language poin s, om he middle o he 20 h cen u y o he beginning o he 21s cen u y expe ienced majo poli ical, economic, social and cul u al uphea als. The e iew o linguis ic poin s in 2011-2013 made i possible o e lec on and p esen o he i s ime he ac o s o he de elopmen o he linguis ic poin (des uc ion, des uc ion o poin s) ha ha e been ac i e o mo e han 70 yea s. anno a ion Language, de ined by linguis s as an in eg al uni o a popula ed locali y s uc u ally connec ed in a social ne wo k, expe ienced majo poli ical, economic, social and cul u al changes om he mid-20 h o he beginning o he 21s cen u y. a e iew o language poin s in 20112013 p o ided an oppo uni y o e lec on ac o s o he de elopmen o poin s (decline o des uc ion o poin s) o e he pe iod o mo e han 70 yea s. These wo ds a e: ac o s o he decline and e i al o he linguis ic poin , his o ical ca as ophes, socioeconomics, u baniza ion, linguis ics, a las o Li huanian language, Li huanian language languages. keyWo ds: ac o s in luencing he decline and he e i al o language poin s, his o ical ca aclysms, socioeconomics, u banisa ion, linguacide, a las o he Li huanian Language, dialec s o he Li huanian Language. 216 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXI The pionee o esea ch using he me hods o janina ŠVaMba y ė-VaLuŽienė geolinguis ics, An anas Salys (1902-1972), gi es he numbe ing o language poin s in Li huania, indica ing hem as a uni y o se lemen s and he social ne wo ks ha uni e hem1. Fi s o all, i should be men ioned ha he halls we e ma ked wi h he same numbe a he cen e o he ocal poin and a he pe iphe y o he exis ing illages ( ienkiemius) wi h a adius o 1520 km. The language cen e always had a school (a sepa a e building o a me 's hu adap ed o lea ning), a chu ch (ope a ing a ious o ganiza ions and une al celeb a ion cus oms), a ceme e y, a police s a ion, a pos o ice, a s o e (shops), a es au an 2. Thus, he language poin ( he language poin c i e ion o which Clause 1 was p epa ed in he hall) did no exis and his wo k was la e con inued by he o ganize s o he Li huanian Language A las (Lka). The o isuomenei ugdy i i pe im i p igim inius bend uomenės įp očius, a minę nuos- a ą bū a isų sąlygų. odėl nuo pi mųjų žodžių geog a ijos da bų 1939–1943 m. pu pose o his a icle is o gi e he scien i ic communi y o he i s ime he ac s o he des uc ion o he linguis ic poin (su) and he possible e i al o some poin s (p ies hood). subjec […] he au ho o he a icle isi ed and in es iga ed (o pa icipa ed in he in es iga ion) du ing 2011[…]2013 37 Lka linguis ic poin s4. hey a e loca ed in 6 dis ic s: Akmēnes, Juniškio, Kemės, Rad liškio, Šiauli and Telši5. he Lka poin s in ques ion belong o di e en Li huanian language dialec s and sub-dialec s o he Low and High Li huanian languages6. In he e ening, he e a e also he ollowing: ed (Lk 075), dim (Lk 104), b igh (Lk 105), ligh ning (Lk 133), hunde (Lk 16 072), hail (Lk 196), hail (Lk 22 06), hail (Lk 26 01), hail (Lk 26 045), hail (Lk 26 050), hail (Lk 26 035), hail (Lk 26 023), hail (Lk 26 035), hail (Lk 26 035). Fo mo e in o ma ion on he in e dependence o oday's social ne wo ks and language poin s, see Ch is mas 2013; Ch is mas 2014: 24. 2 abou he ne wo k o se lemen s (poin s) in Li huania mo e widely see. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion. See also pa ag aph 3. Lka 1977: 730. Wha a e you doing? 4 The Depa men o Language His o y and Dialec ology o he Ins i u e o Li huanian Language oge he wi h Li huanian uni e si ies (Vilnius, Klaipėda, Šiauliai, Li huanian Uni e si ies o Educa ion, Vilnius Uni e si y Facul y o Humani ies Kaunas) ca ied ou he p ojec "School geolinguis ic esea ch in Li huania: op imiza ion o he ne wo k o poin s and in e ac i e ansmission o in o ma ion" (P ojec code no. VP1-3.1-MM-07--01-028). One o he pa icipan s in his p ojec was he au ho o he a icle. Fo mo e in o ma ion abou he p ojec , see: aliūkai ė 2011: 257259; collec i e monog aph o he beginning o he 21s cen u y Li huanian language: geolinguis ic s udy (land maps and hei commen s), 2014. Fo mo e in o ma ion abou simila s udies o La ian speake s, see: umpa 2012. 5 au ho hanks Lki kids o he younges esea che , doc o al s uden Lau a Ge žo ai e, pe haps in es iga ing he ollowing linguis ic poin s: klaišiai Lka 071, dimšiai Lka 104, Lūpaičiai Lka 106. 6 Fo mo e in o ma ion on he dis inc i e ea u es o he e ms, see L d. in he yea 2004. kalbinio punk o gy a imo si uacija: XX a. idu ys – XXi a. p adžia The a ea o 217 a icles o his ype o panels includes kačemos (Lka 198), Šedu à (Lka 199), k iuka (Lka 024). The sou he n lowland aces a e classi ied as gùdmoniškė (Lka 162), Šáukėnai (Lka 164), kù u ėnai (Lka 195), Váigu a (Lka 224), kušlekiai (Lka 225), kiauno ia (Lka 22), kemė (Lka 257), k ãžiai (Lka 257), kubliai (Lka 259). The sou he n lowland Va nicians belong o Pakš elia (Lka 101), he Ku sai (Lka 102), he Dzūk (i) ai (Lka 132), he Ž en is (Lka 193), and he Labūna lė (Lka 223). The no he n lowlands a e di ided in o h ee dis ic s: T imšėdis (068), Plu al (Lka 069), Mčkiškė (070), Klaišija (Lka 071), T ýškiai (Lka 099). he summa y o he da a om he ield expedi ions is based on he in o ma ion om he esponden s (www. ) and he in e disciplina y me hod o compa ing ac s, using he hough s o he au ho o he heo y o language dea h, da id c ys alo. kaLbinio Punk o (iŠ)naikiniMo, Only 7 localisa ions o he p e iously lis ed Lka linguis ic poin s in (su)nykiMo Veiksniai we e sugges ed in con empo a y geolinguis ic s udies om 2011 o 2013 o ma k no he o me , bu he nea es se lemen . 17 o he wes e n highland g assland is p oposed o be designa ed no L[…]paičių (Lka 106), bu dapk[…]nų; ne legeči (Lka 262), o Mináičių (an a emp was made o es o e he name o he illage in he common language Mėnáičiai, bu he local communi y did no wan such a change and showed me se e al old documen s con aining he name Minaičiai, collec ing he signa u es o he local esiden s asking o lea e he name o he illage); no he kybu i (Lka 050), no he ju dáičių, no he no inų (Lka 051), no he bé žininkų. 3 o he sou he n lowland acing a eas a e p oposed o be ma ked no wi h he c ossing ma k (Lk 225) bu wi h he c ossing ma k. 9 om he sou he n lowlands o he Va niškiai […] ma ked no by he džiuk(i)ų (Lk 132) clause, bu by he kuži[…]. 3 o he a ea o he no he n lowlands is ma ked by no many g a es (Lka 069) bu ceme e ies. So a glowing, sha ply glowing o almos glowing poin is e ased e e y ou h o i h ime. Wha we e he easons ha in he middle o he 20 h cen u y, a i al poin was ma ked, and a he beginning o he 21s cen u y, i began o decline, o decline, o decline, o disappea , o o be e adica ed? he ma e ial collec ed om he in e p e a ion eco ds and ques ionnai es, i appea s ha he e a e se e al possible poin s o con e gence7. The i s o be men ioned a e ex e nal causes […] his o ical ca aclysms. Fo example, he linguis ic poin džiuik(i)ai (Lka 132) was on he on lines du ing Wo ld Wa II. Residen s we e e ic ed om hei homes o mo e han h ee mon hs a e e u ning om a bu ned-ou a mhouse (R 4 (1924), R 7 (1937)). 7 how many lowland and highland bo de c ossings he e a e o su i ing linguis ic poin s, he localiza ion o which poin s has changed mo e widely see Meiliūnai ė, Š amba y ė-Valužienė 2014: 197205. This is he i s ime in he his o y o he coun y ha a woman has been elec ed p esiden . The 8 h dis ic is loca ed 10 km om Šiauliai, d i ing owa ds Ku šai. 218 o he janina ŠVaMba y ė-VaLuŽienė Li huanian Linguis ic Ac LXXI Be o e Wo ld Wa II, he e we e 18 o 20 single- amily illages. Acco ding o 4 (1924), 3 (1932), 7 (1937) in he e ile lands, he a ming communi y ook ca e o he cons uc ion o a b ick high school, ac i ely pa icipa ed in a ious cul u al and eligious o ganiza ions, by pe sonal example ( eading a book, p in ing many books) augh child en cul u al p o isions10. The e we e p obably mo e han one such illage on he on lines, o he encyclopedia o he Council o Li huania (www. Le) con ains he sen ence: "Vienkiemi was des oyed du ing he G ea Pa io ic Wa " (www. Le. A e he ba les, he communi y o he e u nees did no b eak up: hey b oke up he o me ba acks and ebuil he houses ( (1937)). Geopoli inis (a ba ne inkamo poli inio klima o) eiksnys sie inas su Legečių (Lka 262) kalbiniu punk u ( ad iliškio ., apie 8 km. nuo Pašuš io). Legečiai bu ę emo e illages, su ounded on all sides by o es 11. Be o e he wa , Legečiai had a wo-s o ey medical school, a pos o ice, a police s a ion, a la ge g oce y s o e wi h a numbe o employees, a ceme e y, a s o e12. Du ing he pos -wa yea s, he Resis ance […] was ac i e in he P iskėlis dis ic , whose pa isan bunke hos ed he ally o ep esen a i es o he Li huanian pa isan dis ic s13. The So ie Pa y wo ke s escaped om he illage o Legeči and buil he se lemen in an open place, i.e. as a away om he o es s as possible, in Minaiči ( 3 (1939) 4 (1936)). Membe s o he communi y we e in imida ed, h ea ened wi h pe secu ion, many amilies we e exiled, o he s had o mo e o sa e places, and he mano was des oyed by land eclama ion (R . 4 (1932), R . 5 (1977)). The di ision o he communi y […] an e en expe ienced by all he language poin s, bu mos o all he plu al (Lka 069), he Kushleiks (Lka 225), he Labuno elya (Lka 223)14. The inhabi an s o hese poin s we e dispe sed in o indi idual illages, had schools, in plu al 9 P imin ina ha he illages began o be di ided in o indi idual illages a he beginning o he 19 h cen u y. "Un il 1944, abou 300,000 illages we e o med, i.e. abou 80% o all illage s li ed in illages" ( Le 4, 507). The numbe 10 and he cul u al p o isions a e indica ed by he child en's names: kunigunda, skoles ina. Acco ding o he Encyclopedia o Li huania, he a ea o he e i o y (Leggečius) occupied by he o es o lea es is as much as 68 ha. (Le X 80) The ollowing able is inse ed: 12 da a on illages a e p o ided om: P ojec no. VP3.1-ŠMM-07-k-01-028 […] Con empo a y geolinguis ic esea ch in Li huania: op imiza ion o he poin ne wo k and in e ac i e dissemina ion o in e media e in o ma ion[…] documen 2. The sociolinguis ic ques ionnai e o he Lka poin . The ma e ial is s o ed in he Li huanian Language Ins i u e Language His o y and Dialec ology Depa men Language A chi e (Lki kids a). On Feb ua y 16, 1949, he Li huanian F eedom Figh e s' Union issued a decla a ion in Minaičiai (1 km om Legečiai) s a ing ha he Li huanian F eedom Figh e s' Union Council is he only legi ima e au ho i y in he occupied e i o y o Li huania. 14 Mul iple (Lka 069) in he illage o Akmenė, abou 15 km o Viekšnių; Kušleikiai (Lka 225) in he illage o Kelmy, abou 10 km om he illage o Kelmy; Labuano elya (Lk 223) in he illage o Kelmy, abou 12 km om he illage. kalbinio punk o gy a imo si uacija: XX a. idu ys – XXi a. p adžia 219 a icles a e s ill in he chu ch and he ceme e y. he communi y's he d is wo- old: non-na u al and na u al. The unna u al began in he wa yea s wi h he wi hd awal o he Wes and he pe secu ion. Thi y- i e amilies we e depo ed om hese poin s. The beginning o collec i iza ion encou aged he inhabi an s o hose communi ies, especially he you h, o lee hei homes. Fo example, in Labuno elya, a me s had o ake li es ock om emo e a eas o aise hem, and i ook a lo o wo k, so se e al apa men buildings we e buil , and amilies we e b ough in om elsewhe e o ake ca e o he animals. due o he di e ences in li e and cul u e be ween he wo communi ies […] he esu ec ed o esu ec ed […], he ounda ions o mo ali y, he way o li e, he na u al laws o he pe cep ion o wo k (labo ) ha e eme ged. The con lic be ween he locals and he a i als began and con inues o his day ( 7 (1937), 8 (1935). People in he illage began o sell o simply le he monks come alone, so he e we e almos no local inhabi an s ( . 737). Indi idual people we e killed o inju ed in he unna u al ac ions o he communi y17. In e nal easons a e dis inguished by na u al ac o s o communi y g ow h18. Membe s o he elde ly communi y (single o childless amilies) li ed in all he language poin s. The communi y was na u ally augh o help each o he , so he e's a lo o be said o neighbou liness and mu ual aid. The ex o he Talmudic ea ise on he amily, he amily, and he kinship o he communi y (Luke 13:24, 24; 7:37) is as ollows: Lka 051 4 (1923) and i s de i a i es Lka 050 5 (1925) is he name o he company. The es a es o some o he ex inc amilies we e inhabi ed by speake s o o he languages, some o whom we e displaced o displaced hemsel es because o old age. The au ho s poin ed ou ha in all he linguis ic poin s examined, i.e. in he communi ies o na u al de elopmen , he e was a lo o you h and child en. In Li huania, he poli ical si ua ion has changed and he demog aphic balance has de e io a ed19. pa en s began o encou age hei child en o lea e 15 […] he la ges wa e o emig a ion in Li huanian his o y, […] w i es he Li huanian Encyclopedia, […] ose in 1944, when mo e han 60.000 Li huanians led o he Wes om he app oaching second So ie occupa ion[…] (See also Le XV 59.) 16 om Li huania, i is w i en in he Uni e sal Li huanian Encyclopedia (VLe), in 1941 40,000 in elligen and a me s we e depo ed om Bi želis (VLe Xii 111). In 1944-58, 260,000 we e depo ed (acco ding o o he sou ces, 350,000 (VLe Xii 112). 17 people we e sho dead by loyal So ie au ho i ies, explosi es le behind by young men and child en du ing he wa yea s, 132 people we e killed by g oups o pa isans in he name o pa isans, e c. (Lka 106 4, Lka 225 4, Lka 069 2, Lka 050 5, Lka 4 4, Lka 262 4, Lka 051 4). I should be ecalled ha in Li huania in 1940 he e we e 3.084.5 housand inhabi an s. In 1941 he e we e al eady 2,958.6 housand, and in 1945 he e we e only 2,500,000 (VLe Xii 109). Be ween 1939 and 1959, Li huania los 530,000 inhabi an s (VLe Xii 112). The s a is ics p o ided by he VLe show ha in 1940 he e we e 2,408.6 housand inhabi an s in he illages, in 1941 […] 2,274.4 housand, in 1945 […] 2,125.0 housand, and in 1950 […] 1,843.9 housand (VLe Xii 112). Linguis ica Li uaniana LXXI om home and look o wo k in ci ies. The e was an unw i en o de janina ŠVaMba y ė-VaLuŽienė no o elease he young people om he collec i e, because he e was no one le o wo k: i he e was no a leas one child in he house, hey we e h ea ened wi h no gi ing 65 ac es o land, wi hou which he amily would no su i e. The e's been a decline in you h, a decline in e ili y. Only he olde gene a ion emained in he illages. O he esiden s o he coun y (o o he So ie coun ies) we e in i ed o he mee ing. The socio-poli ical and socio-economic ac o s o he di ision o he linguis ic poin a e ela ed o melio a ion21. he no ion o 's aigh ening he ields', as he complainan s said (Lka 132 1 (1941); Lka 050 5 (1925) and he inc ease in ag icul u al echnology caused a wa e o land eclama ion, especially la ge in he pe iod 1971-1975. Fi s o all, o "clean" he ields, o demolish hem one by one. Those who we e s ubbo n and did no wan o go o he se lemen s we e h ea ened no o lea e he p i a e oads, o lea e he es a e so ha i would no be possible o en e i in he au umn o sp ing (Lk 132 424 (19), 7 (1937)). Residen s we e asked o boa d he boa s o boa d he boa s. All he inhabi an s o he jjuik (i) se lemen s mo ed o he kujus, only one amily se led in he se lemen o he o he cul u al communi y (sen iki) in he gullies. U baniza ion as a ac o p omo ed he sp ead o he communi y in So ie - ype se lemen s and ci ies. The Kolkhoz cen e s we e buil in open a eas, away om he o es s, nea be e oads, so ha he s ibams and he kolkhoz au ho i ies we e sa e (Lk. Lka 225 2 (1936) and i s subsidia ies This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. I doesn ma e i he e was no illage o i he e we e any h ee illages, mansions o ailway s a ions. o he se lemen s, as s a ed by he VLe, he e we e: […]1967 m. […] 1830, 1969 […] 3610, 1971 […]1975 […] 20,880 […] inhabi an s (VLe Xii 789)24. Cul u al assimila ion, o he des uc ion o schools, which had ecen ly aken o e Li huania, was e y popula in he So ie e a. The VLe w i es abou him: "F om 1949 onwa ds, boa ding schools, called do mi o ies, appea ed, wi h he p ima y schools being me ged wi h seconda y schools. Educa ion policy un il 1940 was 20 […]1966[…]1980 […]E e y yea 24[…]25 housand people le ag icul u e […]75 pe cen o hem […]wo ke s[…] (VLe Xii 789). 21 […]1939 m. o he land o A iamos (was) 3,070 housand ha (VLe Xii 787). 22 The s a is ics gi en in he VLe a e as ollows: […]1970[…]90 yea s annually abou 10,000 ha o we lands we e d ained, i iga ion sys ems we e ins alled on an a ea o 3,000 ha. 1 million ha we e d ained by 1970 o 1978 […] 2 million This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. 23 gil y sy (abou hal a kilome e om he dzyuk(i)s) […] Russians, b ough a e he up isings in Russia, illage. The ship was bu n down a e he wa , 23 km om he džiuk(i)s. Only one ba h emained, and be o e he wa he e was a p ima y school and a ailway s a ion (which s ill ope a es). 24 […] Be ween 1967 and 1971, 16,920 housing uni s we e buil o hose who mo ed o he se lemen s om single- amily homes[…] (See also Le Xii 789). kalbinio punk o gy a imo si uacija: XX a. idu ys – XXi a. p adžia A icle 221 s a es ha he e mus be a school in e e y place, no ma e how emo e. Since he second hal o he 20 h cen u y, he e has been a decline in he numbe o p ima y schools: in 1970 […] 1971 he e we e 2297 p ima y schools wi h 64,500 pupils, and in 1980 […] 1981 he e we e only 986 and 18,100 pupils (VLe Xii 573). Be ween 1970 and 1971, he e we e 3611 seconda y schools o mino s, seconda y schools o child en wi h physical and men al disabili ies, wi h 539,600 pupils and 29,300 eache s. Be ween 1980 and 1981, he e we e 2257 such schools, wi h 535,500 pupils and 30,300 eache s (VLe Xii 573-574)26. The e a e no schools, no assimila ion o e hnic cul u e, no communi y educa ion, no p ide in onesel and one's coun y27. I 's bes o aise people who a e suppo i e o you by sepa a ing hem om he communi y. The closu e o schools also encou aged pa en s o mo e o he se lemen s. The school's ac i i ies and locali y ha e been s eng hened in all he localized poin s: džiuk(i)s (Lka 132), dapkūnu (Lka 106), kušleiki (Lka 225), Legeči (Lka 26 in plu al (Lka 069), kybu i (Lka 050). ano he in e nal ac o in he des uc ion o he lingual poin […] linguicides28. In he pos -wa yea s, he language was spoken mo e o en and mo e widely han he common language. Li huanian eache s ied o each pupils he common language, some imes using no en i ely pedagogical me hods29. The e was a widesp ead p o ision ha language was no a alid language, and ha language was spoken by an uncul u ed and uneduca ed pe son. some pa en s suppo ed he p e e ence o he common language. Child en ha e no lea ned o app ecia e and espec hei pa en s' language […] spoken, ad ised o spoken. And wha is no alued is des oyed. a p o ision has been d awn up s a ing ha he Li huanian language is also no a alue30. In he wo ds o An ano Salio, he language has aded, aded, we ha e become ugly, di icul , uneduca ed. Ling is ic, as a con emp o one's own language, s ill exis s oday.31 In he 1950s, he e we e 2743 p ima y schools wi h 341,299 pupils and 6,944 eache s. F om 1945 o 1949 he e we e 3241 p ima y schools, 242 seconda y schools, 131 seconda y schools, a o al o […] 3614 schools (VLe Xii 571[…]572). F om 1964 o 1965 i ope a ed 4105 schools. 1945 […] 1948 1200 eache s we e expelled (VLe Xii 571). 26 Compa e he cu en si ua ion: in 2007 he e we e 105 p ima y schools wi h 24,590 pupils and 526,665 pupils (VLe 582 pag indinės mokyklos su 120.445 mokinių, 444 idu inės mokyklos, ku iose mokėsi 302.300 mokinių, 132 gimnazijos su 77.230 mokinių, 21 jaunimo su 2100 mokinių (iš iso 1284 mokyklų, Xii 574). 27 To pa aph ase S alin's hough , i could be said ha by des oying a leas one gene a ion's pa io ism and p ide in hei coun y, a na ion will be mu de ed ha is s ill ele an oday. I is expec ed ha he ime will come o desc ibe and scien i ically in es iga e he in luence o e e yday li e, li e wi hou one's amily on young people. 28 Fo mo e in o ma ion on his phenomenon in he wo ld's languages, see c ys al 2005. 29 They we e o speak in ongues a ecess, and o lea e a e he lessons. The disciples who spoke in ongues we e o be disciplined. 30 ha p o ision was cons an ly suppo ed by he occupie , so ha he acquisi ion o bilingualism was almos a na u al hing. 31 And in ou day, i is belie ed ha o eign languages gua an ee a mo e sa is ying loa o b ead. The e o s o linguis s, educa o s and cul u al wo ke s a e needed o co ec and e o m such p o isions in o de o de elop he na ional sel -es eem o young people. This Regula ion janina ŠVaMba y ė-VaLuŽienė shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The na u al link be ween speake s and he communi y has been se e ed om o he linguis ic ac o s32. Many o he speake s mo ed o he Wes du ing he wa , and i ook a long ime o p epa e he new gene a ion o speake s. Acco ding o he dialec ologis D . Aldonos Jonai y e, he esea ch wo k on endless ea s was ex emely di icul . A ha ime, he speake s, he ep esen a i es o hose dialec s, we e encou aged o w i e only hei own dialec and o collec as much ma e ial as possible. The appa en non-in e e ence in he spoken wo d, he spoken language, as a sa egua d o alues, also le he g ound o linguis ic nihilism o lou ish. P o ec ed occupa ion au ho i ies p o isions […] Li huanian language, which is old, bu di icul o lea n, unwilling o w i e p oduc ion le e s […] also p omo ed he denial o hei own language, he p omo ion o o he languages ha p o ide ma e ial bene i s. In addi ion o o he ac ions, he phenomena o oday's independen Li huania a e di e en and di icul o explain: kybu iai (Lka 050), a o me la ge illage, a o me s ong collec i e cen e , a subu b o he collec i e sys em, began o g ow apidly, comple ely disappea ed ( his could no be explained and explained, hey hemsel es wonde ed how e e y hing disappea ed, as i i had disappea ed) ( 1 (1927), 2 (1953), 3 (1936), 5 (1925)). I is e y app op ia e o desc ibe his chap e in he a icles o he exiled poli ical scien is Vy au as Va džio ( eal name Vy au as S asys Ž i gždys) on "So ie colonialism in he Bal ic s a es". a no e on he na u e o mode n colonialism (1965) and he colonial na u e o so ie na ionali y policy (1964) exp essed he idea ha he "enginee s" o adi ional and So ie colonialism as a p e equisi e con ibu e o he indus ial, economic, educa ional, linguis ic appings ha c ea e he imp ession o supposedly mode n ci iliza ion, al hough, on he o he hand, hey do no ocus a all on he wishes and will o he uling peoples. As Va dys a gues, So ie colonialism c ea es a sys em ha would help o dissol e he So ie "cauld on o ą no ą a sisaky i sa o apa ybės. kaip eigia V. Va dys, „nenuos abu, kad ši okių na ions". Bu o dissol e no in any way, bu in such a way ha iolence is aised o he heigh s o eedom, belie ing ha by means o iolence i is possible o c ea e a ee-dimensional ci iliza ion is embedded in he e y hea o humani y. The change in he localisa ion o he language poin s men ioned abo e does no mean ha he language poin has disappea ed al oge he and ha no one li es he e anymo e. Membe s o he emaining local and dialec al communi ies, when hey a i e in hose places, y o e i e he dialec al poin s hemsel es. The main ac o in he e i al o he language poin is he socially ac i e 32 Be o e he wa , he speake s hemsel es a eled a ound Li huania and collec ed ma e ial om he wo kshops in o de o be able o esea ch hem, encou aged eache s o do so, pa icipa ed in summe cou ses o eache s and in oduced he public o hei own esea ch and esul s, ead public lec u es. kalbinio punk o gy a imo si uacija: XX a. idu ys – XXi a. p adžia 223 a icles by he communi y. o me illage s ha e e u ned wi h p ope y igh s and ha e no demolished o demolished hei pa en s' houses33. Communi y ac i i y is inc easingly linked o apidly eme ging communi ies, hei ac i e chai men and communi y houses. he ac i e communi y is linked o economic p o isions. Fa me s o he olde gene a ion pass on hei a ms o hei child en o g andchild en. such e u ns o child en ha e been obse ed in all poin s whose localisa ion has been changed: Legečiai (Lka 262), džiuik(i)ai (Lka 132), Lūpaičiai (Lka 106), kušleikiai (Lka 225), plu al (Lka 069). The inhe i ed p ope y is no gi en up by he descendan s o he local communi y li ing in he big ci ies. an ac o sel -de e mina ion o p ope y ha is ound ( e u ned o e u ned)34. This economic ac o has e u ned some child en o hei pa en s' homes o li e and wo k ( o cul i a e, de elop u al ou ism, e c.), while o he s, who ha e e u ned, a e bound by p ope y igh s, emo ional, cul u al sel -awa eness in he sense o he place whe e he pe sons li ed, b endo (Lka 069 1 (1949); This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Lka 050 3 (1930) and 5 (1925) This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. and an impo an ad oca e o au hen ici y. Fo me illage s isi hei home owns: hey ake hei child en, g andchild en and g ea -g andchild en o show hei bi hplaces. Sp ead ac oss Li huania's ci ies and owns, mo e ac i e membe s o he communi y o ganize illage mee ings (some imes e en in he open ai o in some kind o ga he ing), eaching and encou aging membe s o he communi y o di e en ages o communica e, o ecognize hemsel es acco ding o he o me local code. He isi s he emaining old inhabi an s o he illage, lis ens o hei s o ies, o en makes eco dings, akes pho og aphs, and is o he wise in e es ed in he his o y o his amily, ela i es, and Labai s a bu – kul ū inė apa ybė a ba ling olokalinis eiksnys. Pa yzdžiui., Lka 132 7 (1937) agino sūnų sug įž i į senelių namus35. Ma čios, ku i y a is o ijos neighbo s. In addi ion o he a ious o ms o communica ion, he e a e a ious pa ish celeb a ions, he Feas o All Sain s, Mo he 's and Fa he 's Day, amily ga he ings, books abou ex inc illages, p esen a ions, e c. (Lka 069 2 (1935); This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Lka 051 3 (1936) is he name o he company. Teache ( 2 (1961)), hanks o which child en a e encou aged o collec ma e ial abou ex inc illages o he linguis ic poin , monolinguals, o w i e down people's memo ies, o cul i a e hei c ea i i y ( o example, a legend was c ea ed ha džiuik(i)ai is de i ed om he wo d ejoice). Talking abou hei places, w i ing books abou he ex inc , young people building new homes, aising child en, c ea ing jobs o hemsel es and some imes o o he s. pa o he popula ion who ha e mo ed om nea by places o om ano he pa o Li huania and se led he e also engage in ag icul u al and cul u al ac i i ies. 34 I is s a ed in he Ac ha he p ope y was es o ed in […]2005 3.8 million ha o a ea (VLe Xii 790). 35 His son, who had an apa men , a job, a ga den, sold all his possessions and e u ned o his ances al land wi h his beau i ul wi e. He was a a me . My wi e s a ed wo king as a his o y eache in a cooking school.