Bemerkungen zur Problematik der baltischen Ortsnamen westlich der Weichsel

208 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIV DARIUS IVOŠKA Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as Scien i ic esea ch a eas: onomas ics, Bal ic-Ge man language con ac s. No es on he The p oblem o he Bal ic place names WESTLICH o he week Kele as pas ebėjimų dėl bal iškų ie o a džių į aka us nuo Vyslos p oblema ikos The anno a ion The ques ion o he bounda ies o he Bal ic esiden ial a ea is s ill a opic ha b ings oge he expe s in a ious sciences, especially his o ians, linguis s and a chaeologis s, o discussion. A emp s o accu a ely iden i y he exac o me se lemen a ea o he Bal ic peoples a e based only on he esea ch o he modes linguis ic monumen s, he a chaeological inds and on a cons an e iew and e-e alua ion o he nume ous scien i ic wo ks unde conside a ion. The aim o he con ibu ion is o p esen new onomas ic ac s o new oikonyms and unknown a ian s o he al eady booked place names, which p o ide aluable in o ma ion o u he esea ch in he ield o explo ing he habi a o he Bal ic peoples wes o he Weichsel. Onomas ics, place name, pe sonal name, su name, e ymology. The anno a ion The ques ion o he bounda ies o he a ea inhabi ed by he Bal s emains he opic which b ings he specialis s o di e en a eas, especially his o ians, linguis s and a chaeologis s, in o a discussion. The a emp s o iden i y he exac bo de s o he non-exis en Bal ic ibes a e only based on modes language es imonials o he na ion and a chaeological indings by in e p e ing and e alua ing he abundance o scien i ic wo ks ela ed o hem. The a icle aims a p esen ing o iginal ac s o onomas ics, in o he wo ds, new oikonyms as S aipsniai A icles 209 o Beme kungen zu P oblema ik de bal ischen O snamen wes lich de Weichsel well as new a ian s o he al eady discussed oponyms which can p o ide new in o ma ion o he esea ch ela ed o he a ea inhabi ed by he Bal ic na ions wes - wa ds om he Vis ula i e . KEYWORDS: onomas ics, place name, pe sonal name, ield name, e ymology. This is a e y impo an ini ia i e and I would like o hank he appo eu , M Belde , o his cons uc i e app oach o he Commission's p oposal. The impo ance o he ON in de e mining he se lemen a eas o peoples has al eady been discussed ela i ely equen ly, and he e is no doub ha his has been exp essed as a as is known. The se lemen a eas o he peoples ha e long been a ocus o esea ch by his o ians, a chaeologis s, geog aphe s, and linguis s. As he au ho o he a icle has al eady men ioned, he mos eliable and impo an sou ces a e: le des O snamenbes andes de e s o benen Sp achen die handsch i lichen Collec ions o documen s. Die Au me ksamkei wi d wiede au den OF 105 gelenk . Das Ziel des o - liegenden Bei ags is nich , die be ei s meh mals behandel en Gewässe - und I would like o ask he Commissione whe he he is p epa ed o accep he amendmen s abled by he Commi ee on he En i onmen , Public Heal h and Consume P o ec ion. The OF 105 con ains ex ensi e and impo an ma e ial on p ope names, which p o ide new da a on he e i o ies inhabi ed by P ussia and hei bo de s, which is s ill he subjec o discussion among linguis s, place names, his o ians and a chaeologis s. 1. The Wes e n Bo de o he Bal ics The esea ch o he 20 h cen u y JH. Wha a e you doing? The S T adi ionally, he en i e a ea be ween he uppe eaches and he mou h o he Weichsel Ri e was conside ed he wes e n bo de o he Bal ic se lemen . In he 4 h. 1 OF 105 con ains nume ous ON and PN and is one o he mos impo an sou ces o he s udy o Bal ic p ope names. In 1925, Reinhold T au mann no ed in his wo k The Old P ussian Names o Pe sons (S. 3) ha i is e y di icul o ead he pa chmen s o OF 105. Pe haps ha is why many ON we e le ou o Geo g Ge ullis's a en ion and we e no included in his amous book The Old P ussian Place Names (I oška). 2015). DARIUS IVOŠKA 210 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIV (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians) In he las decade o he las cen u y, people began o alk abou he Bal ics wes o he Vis ula. Linguis s and a chaeologis s joined in he discussion. In 1933, he linguis F ied ich Lo en z2 p esen ed in his a icle […]P euβen in Pomme ellen[…] he lis o ON wes o he Weichsel, which in his opinion could be o P ussian o igin. The au ho jus i ied his claims wi h he assump ion ha he e could ha e been indi idual b anches o P ussia in he a eas di ec ly bo de ing he e i o y inhabi ed by P ussia (Lo en z 1933: 53[…]58). F ied ich Lo en z (bo n 28 Decembe 1870 in Güs ow, Mecklenbu g, died 27 Ap il 1937 in Zoppo , F ee Ci y o Danzig) was a Ge man p i a e eache and Sla is . He s udied Indo-Ge manic and Sla ic s udies a he Uni e si y o Leipzig, and in 1894 he ecei ed his doc o a e wi h a disse a ion on he weak p e- e i um o Ge manic and ela ed o ms o sis e languages. One o his eache s had been Edua d Sie e s. A e li ing in Wisma o some ime, he mo ed o Ka haus, an a ea wi h a high Kashubian popula ion, and de o ed himsel mainly o he s udy o he Kashubian language. The Pe e sbu g Academy o Sciences, which had ecognized he alue o his esea ch, encou aged he p in ing o his wo ks. Wi h his wo ks he sa ed a la ge Kashubian dic iona y om ex inc ion wi h 2747 na owly desc ibed pages emained un inished and eaches only o he end o he le e […]P[…]. Lo en z was since 1927 also an ac i e employee a he Os land Ins i u e in Gdansk and a co esponding membe o he Russian Academy o Sciences. s e ben bed oh e Munda zumindes ü die Wissenscha . Übe die E o schung on O s- namen wuchs sein In e esse an de Geschich e und de Volkskunde de be e enden Lände . The sciences o Lening ad. Among Lo en z's mos impo an wo ks a e: The G ea Kashubian Dic iona y, he Slo enian G amma and he Slo enian Dic iona y, Kashubian G amma , Ge man and Polish names o he mos impo an owns in Wes P ussia o he le o he Weichsel and nume ous con ibu ions de o ed o he s udy o he his o y and cul u e o he Pome anian egion (h ps: www.wikipedia.o g/F ied ich_Lo en z). Lo ha Kilian (1922-2000) was bo n in Nidden, in wha was hen Memelland. In 1939 he de ended his disse a ion on ope ce amics a Königsbe g Uni e si y. Sho ly he ea e , he was called up o mili a y se ice du ing Wo ld Wa II. Wo ld Wa II ended in cap i i y and was no eleased un il 1949. F om 1951 o 1954, Kilian wo ked as an assis an a he Uni e si y o Bonn and unde ook he exca a ions in old Lübeck. Since 1957 he has wo ked as cu a o a he Landesmuseum in T ie . A e Kilian e i ed, he mo ed o Swis al nea Bonn. Kilian has w i en a lo abou he S one Age. He has deal ex ensi ely wi h Indo-Eu opean s udies, w i ing he monog aphs On he O igin o he Indo-Ge mans and On he O igin o he Ge mans. His a ea o in e es also includes he o igin o he Bal s and hei language elics in he Wes e n Eu opean languages. Kilian has published abou 70 a icles on his subjec . Pa icula ly impo an a e he monog aphs Sea Coas Cul u e and O igin o he Bal ics (1955) and On he O igin and Language o he P ussians (1980) as well as be o e, and cau iously i led he con ibu ion […]Bal ic place names o he wes o e wen y con ibu ions de o ed o Bal ic a chaeology. Kilian emphasized ha " he li espan o a cul u e and i s ans o ma ion is no a c i e ion o i s exis ence. E en a e y sho -li ed cul u e, S aipsniai A icles 211 o Beme kungen zu P oblema ik de bal ischen O snamen wes lich de Weichsel which has no ime o change, emains a cul u e because o ha . I is he e o e no help ul o include he concep o du a ion and change in he de ini ion o a cul u e o cul u al p o ince. Bu quan i y alone is no conclusi e: a ype o ind does no ha e o be he mos common in i s a ea o o igin. I mus emain limi ed in scope. This equi es he numbe o inding ypes in a p o ince o be ABB. Figu e 1 om he a icle "On he alue o ounda ions and cul u al p o inces" (Kilian 1960: 47) DARIUS IVOŠKA 212 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIV o he Weichsel? wi h a ques ion ma k (Kilian 1939: 67[…]68). Subsequen ly, in 1943, he amous linguis and au ho o he e m Al eu opa, Hans K ahe, poin ed o he sp ead o he Bal ic ON in he con o e sial a ea in his con ibu ion "Bal ic place names wes o he Weichsel". K ahe emphasized ha he i e 's name is Pe san e Poln. Pe sę a belongs o he ancien Eu opean laye and econs uc ed i s p imi i e o m *Pe san a (K ahe 1943: 43[…]44). In 1966, Vladimi Topo o in his a icle "K op osu o oponimičeskich soo e s ijach na bal ijskich e i o ijach i k zapadu o Vis ly" made wo claims: 1) he ON wes o he Weichsel can only be in e p e ed on he basis o Bal ic linguis ic ac s; 2) he ONs om he a ea be ween he Weichsel and he Elbe can be in e p e ed using Bal ic and Sla ic language (Topo o 1966: 103[…]104) This is a lis o people who we e bo n in Russia. In 1980, he Polish name esea che Hube Gó nowicz appea ed, who had also deal wi h his ocus in his monog aph Toponimia Powiśla Gdańskiego, and la e p esen ed his claims in he i s olume o Wa e Names in he Lowe Weichsel Ri e A ea o he Hyd onymia Eu opea se ies. The au ho claims ha in he documen s o he Ge man O de up o he 13 h Jh. booked p ope names on he backg ound o he en i e Polish oponymic sys em a e a chaic, which canno be said abou he P ussian p ope names on he backg ound o he o he Bal ic e i o ies. The e a e eigh pa onymic ONs lis ed as e idence: Go owicy, Miedzicy, Mi owicy, Pi zchlicy, Połkowicy, Rucicy, S zeszewicy, Wadkowicy, which un il he 13 h Jh. ha e been booked, and 6 mo e […] Bolewice, Czekanice, P ei e owice, Raszewice, Wojsławice and Wojszewice, which ha e been booked a e he yea 1300. In he P ussian genealogy, he au ho ound only a che ypal wa e names ha a e associa ed wi h he hyd onym and oponymy o all Bal ic peoples: *Audūnē, *Balawō, *Bald apē, *D audwajō, *Gil(ū)wē, *Sa ijē, *Tūjā, *U kuž, *Zi gūns and he Cho omyme *Algems, *Pēijā, *Rezamed. Acco ding o Gó nowicz, he P ussian ON lis ed in he documen s o he Ge man O de ha e a e y "young" s uc u e. I mus be no ed ha in nine o he ou een cases o he abo e-men ioned ON (Go owicy, Pi zchlicy, Połkowicy, Rucicy, S zeszewicy, Wadkowicy, Bolewice, P ei e owice, Wojszewice) he au ho de ended his heo y o hei Polish o igin and conside ed he ea lie al e na i e in e p e a ion o be a p e ixa ion (pl. p u enizacja) (Gó nowicz 1980: 1112). I is no possible o co e i wi h he o he , and i will gene ally no do so ei he . 45–47). S aipsniai / A icles 213 Beme kungen zu P oblema ik de bal ischen O snamen wes lich de Weichsel The Ka hause p ies Wilchelm Reinhold B aue 4 published in 1983 his bookle P ussian se lemen s wes o he Weichsel. A emp ed an e ymological in e p e a ion o na i e names and made his ema k because o he " ela ed oo " in he i e names Pe san e, Pe esna and he oponym Pi sna, he basis o which we e he ou consonan s PRSN. The au ho assumes ha hey could all be o Bal ic o igin. A special emphasis should be placed on he missing link, which could acili a e he unde s anding e e au den scheinba p eußisch-bal ischen Namen agenden We de Pi sna (poln. Py caw), de dann zu eine B ücke zwischen Os und Wes , bzw. zu ei- o he en i e o iginal ex en o he Bal ic amily o peoples and languages (B aue 1983: 22-24). In 1988 his o he bookle "Bal ish-P ussian se lemen s wes o he Weichsel" appea ed, in which (p. 21) he au ho epea ed his claims again. His wo ks a oused he in e es o Topo o and Jü gen Udolph, which de eloped in o a hea ed discussion and a ac ed mo e and mo e pa icipan s. The Ge man Sla is , Kashubologis and Bal is F iedhelm Hinze called B aue 's book Opusculum and c i icized i e y sha ply. Hinze accused B aue o lack o knowledge o he nomencla u e e minology and onomas ic me hod, indi e ence in e ymologizing and absence o consis ency (Hinze 1989: 129). Ne e heless, he wo k is signi ican because o he empi ical ma e ial p esen ed. One example is he in e p e a ion o he o igin o he name o he i e Pe san e (Polish Pa sę a), which could no be ag eed upon, al hough much has been discussed. K ahe and Udolph ied o p o e he Al eu opean o igin o he i e name by econs uc ing he p imi i e o ms *Pe san a and *Pe san ā. Udolph assumed ha he e ymology o he i e name 4 The heologian and p ies Wilhelm Reinhold B aue (1902-1988) was bo n in Ka haus in Wes P ussia. He wo ked as a p ies in Posen (1928-1933) and Obo nik (1933-1945). Acco ding o his esea ch, he became one o he mos ac i e membe s o he Cope nicus Socie y. Based on he indings o he dem Zwei en Wel k ieg u. a. on 1956 bis 1960 als Lei e de Be line S ad mission und on 1961 bis 1970 als P a e zu S . Lo enz in Lübeck. Im Ruhes and widme e e sich de his o i- 1930s o he las cen u y, B aue sough o p o e ha he P ussians had se led wes o he zu P lege de Heima kunde und Geschich e Wes p eußens. Ausgehend on Fo schungen zu seinem Heima do widme e e sich dann de F ühgeschich e de P eußen und ih e Missio- Weichsel in a s eng h no p e iously assumed. His linguis ic-his o ical in es iga ions go back o a ime when hey no longe conce ned only P ussia, bu a he Bal ic languages and peoples in gene al. His mos impo an and aluable wo ks a e wo books: "P ussian se lemen s wes o he Weichsel" (1983) and "Bal ic-P ussian se lemen s wes o he Weichsel" (1988). I would like o ask he Commissione whe he he is awa e o he ac ha he Commission has no ye aken a decision on his ma e . This is PPN559838239_NF_75151. DARIUS IVOŠKA 214 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIV […] ans luuium pa sandi[…] up o he la e öllig on de E klä ung de Schwankungen in dessen Übe lie e ung abhängig is . Bei de Buchung des Flussnamens, ange angen mi de äl es en Fo m 1159 o ms o he 14 h cen u y Jh.s (1333) […] ans pe san am[…], wo kinds o luc ua ions can be no iced: ocalism in he oo syllable a o e and consonan ism in he su ix -ndzu -n -. K ahe conside ed bo h o be pu ely g aphic changes and poin ed o iden ical changes in he Eas P ussian names. Howe e , Udolph doub ed he accu acy o he ea lies adi ions o he name o he i e aken om he papal documen s and no ed ha only a ian s w i en down by he Ge mans om he 13 h cen u y onwa ds we e us wo hy. Jh. may apply (Udolph 1990: 234–237). Wol gang P. Schmid claimed ha he i e name Pe san e was ce ainly nei he Ge manic no Sla ic, bu could be conside ed Bal ic. The au ho unde lined he pa allels be ween he wa e names Pe esu a in he P ipje a ea and Pē se in La ia and be ween he landscape names Pi sna in Pome ania and Pe esna in he Dnep a ea, which may ha e spoken o Bal s in Pome ania. He emphasized ha he o iginal naming was no a designa ion, bu a designa ion and he e o e name ans e s could be cha ged behind one (Schmid 1994: 274, hese claims we e men auch nach einem Appella i um gesuch we den. So ließen Pe san e und Pe esu a au keine lei Wande bewegungen schließen, die nu im Fall de Na- coun e ed by he Polish linguis Zbygniew Babik and in 2001 he no ed in his 276–277). disse a ion Najs a sza wa s wa nazewnicza na ziemiach polskich ha he *Pe san ā econs uc ed by Udolph was absu d. The au ho c i icized Udolph's a i ude o he quali y o he adi ion o he Onyme in he papal documen s w i en by he I alians and in he documen s w i en by he Ge mans. Such conclusions, acco ding o Babik, lead o e o and ejec he ea lies a ian s o i e names eco ded in papal documen s in he econs uc ion o he p imi i e o m, whe eby he *Pe san ā econs uc ed by Udolph does no seem con incing (Babik 2001: 217). The ques ion o he wes e n bo de o he e i o ies inhabi ed by he Bal s was also discussed se e al imes a con e ences by G asilda Blažina. In 2006, Ki s in Casemi and Jü gen Udolph accen ua ed he ole o he Bal ic and Sla ic in he in e p e a ion o he Lowe Saxon ON. The au ho s dis inguish h ee classes o ON in Lowe Saxony, he ma e ial o he Bal ic languages should be aken in o accoun in hei eliable in e p e a ion o he o igin. The i s g oup includes he ONs based on wa e names, which belong o he ancien Eu opean hyd onym o a closely ela ed name laye . He e he Bal ic-Ge manic ela ions consis in he ac S aipsniai 215 A icles by Beme kungen zu P oblema ik de bal ischen O snamen wes lich de Weichsel ha co espondingly o med names occu bo h in he Bal ics and in Lowe Saxony. The second g oup is made up o ON, whose bases o elemen s a e no explicable om Ge manic, bu ha e exac pa allels o Bal ic. A hi d g oup o names inally con ains bases whose ela i es a e de ec able in Ge manic, bu s ill equi e Bal ic in o de o a i e a a con incing in e p e a ion (Casemi , Udolph: 2006). 2. New Insigh s in o he Ques ion o ONY ME WESTLICH DER WEICHSEL I'm going o ake a look a his. In his a icle, wo ONs om he Weichsel a ea a e lis ed and examined, which a e loca ed in OF 105. 2.1. On he piping Because o he 4 h. In May 1352, a documen signed by he G and Mas e o he Ge man O de , Win ich on Knip ode, eed he illage o Pippingisse, which belonged o he Tho ne Hospi al, om Li huanian a el and he associa ed cos s. In he documen , he ON Pippingisse has been booked: 1352 Eximimus illam Pippingisse pe inen em ad hospi a em in Tho un a aciendis Reysis Ly howiensibus (OF 105, 236 ), and in he PUB i s a ian s Popingisehe and Pipingsee a e also men ioned (PUB V 27). The exemp ion o he Tho ne Hospi al om he Li huanian ips men ioned in he documen is one o he ac s o he change o a i ude o he Ge man 5 „Li aue eisen“ wu den gu geplan e, ku z is ige und heim ückische Ang i e des Deu schen O de agains he G and Duchy o Li huania. The beginning o hese wa s da es back o he end o he 13 h cen u y. J.H.S. is o blame. Li huanian his o ians belie e ha a e he unsuccess ul a acks on Soule (li . Šiaulai) and Kuwe lan (li . Du bė), he Knigh s o he Ge man O de may ha e well esea ched he comba ac ics o he Li huanian a mies and e ained om long- e m mo es. Th ough sho - e m mo es and sudden a acks agains he Li huanian cas les and illages on he bo de wi h he s a e o he O de , he Ge man O de wan ed o b eak he powe o he Li huanians g adually and hen annex hem. The Li huanian jou neys we e equen ly made om he end o he 13 h o he end o he 14 h cen u y. Especially du ing he eign o he G and Mas e o he Ge man O de Win ich on Knip ode 1351-1382 (LKSK 1964: 189-190). The changes in mili a y ac ics a e also desc ibed by An anas Kučinskas in seinem Buch Kęs u is und als Beispiel dazu üh e die misslungene Planung eines DARIUS IVOŠKA 216 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIV (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians) The o de was la gely in luenced by wo majo e en s: (1) he consequences o he plague pandemic, which had las ed abou six yea s, and (2) he g ea losses su e ed du ing he a acks on pagan Li huania in 1352. As a esul , he Ge man O de has los he hope o de ea ing and bap izing he Li huanian G and Duchy. The Ge man his o ian Johannes Voig emphasizes in his wo k His o y o P ussia om he ea lies imes o he all o he ule o he Ge man O de ha he main conce n o he G and Mas e Win ich on Knip ode had been no only he s eng hening o he mili a y powe o he Ge man O de and he g an ing o o de in he O de 's cas les, bu also he econs uc ion and de elopmen o he hea ily de as a ed O de s a e. A e he g ea Eu opean plague pandemic o 1347-1353, which killed some 25 million people, he Li huanian G and Duchy was apidly in aded in 1345 and uined by a aud. The e en s o Janua y 1345 a e desc ibed by Kučinskas and Augus inas Janulai is in his monog aph Lie u os Didysis Kunigaikš is Kęs u is. Kučinskas ema ks ha he Ge man O de belie ed in his quick ic o y. La ge o eign a mies ha e been in i ed. The migh y powe s o Eu ope ha e ga he ed o he ain: he Czech King John wi h his son Cha les, he Hunga ian King Ludwig wi h his His companions included he Du ch Coun Wilhelm IV, Coun Gun e o Schwa zbu g, and many o he s, a o al o abou 200 di e en p inces. When he a ack was planned and was soon o be unde aken, he G and Mas e ecei ed news o he Li huanians' in en ion o s o m Samland wi h a la ge a my soon. The G and Mas e o he Ge man O de , Ludol König on Wa zau, hen came o he conclusion wi h all he p inces o s ay in P ussia o de end Samland. A he same ime, he Li huanian a mies in aded Li onia, whose o de had deal wi h he weakening o he Es onian esis ance on he island o Ösel. The Li onian O de el comple ely sa e and secu e ha i was no h ea ened by any dange om he Wes , because his had been p omised by he Ge man O de . The Li huanians i s bu ned he cas le o Dobeln, hen ma ched owa ds Riga. On he way hey bu ned all he mills, illages, hen hey a acked Neue mühlen (No um Molendinum), obbed all he illages on he way, ook many men and women cap i e and e u ned. The Ge man o de was u e ly appalled when i eached Samland, and had ound no enemies he e (Kučinskas 1988: 40[…]43). Janulai is desc ibes he e en s o 1345 in some de ail. He claims ha he G and Mas e o he Ge man O de had been in o med by a woman on his way o Li huania ha he Li huanian "King" was p epa ing o he ain o Samland. The G and Mas e would ha e been igh ened and asked e e yone o e u n o P ussia o discuss wha could be done abou i . (Janulai is 1998: 68 […] 69). This is a lis o people who ha e been awa ded he Nobel P ize in Physiology o Medicine. A e he disas e o he Ge man O de in 1345, ips o Li huania we e o ganized a leas wice a yea […] once o Lich mess (2 Feb ua y) and once o Ma iä Himmel ah (15. Augus ) (Kučinskas) 1988: 46). S aipsniai 223 A icles and a icles Beme kungen zu P oblema ik de bal ischen O snamen wes lich de Weichsel I would like o ask he Commissione whe he he is awa e o he di icul ies which he Commissione has encoun e ed in dealing wi h his ma e , and i he is awa e o he di icul ies which he Commissione has encoun e ed in dealing wi h his ma e . The au ho o his a icle has no se himsel he goal o p o iding some hing essen ial and indispu able o he s udy o he Bal ic name o he Bal ic e hnogenesis. The p esen a ion o he new ma e ial is a he an a emp o d aw he a en ion o esea che s o he ac ha he e is s ill a lo o impo an and aluable, bu hidden in o ma ion ha needs o be ound, unco e ed and explo ed in o de o con i m o e u e impo an hypo heses. Babik Zbigniew 2001: Najs a sza wa s wa nazewnicza na ziemiach polskich (Polish Wa lo ds o he Polish Wa ) is a Polish w i e and li e a y c i ic. The ci y o K akow: The Uni e si y o . Blažienė G asilda 2000: The Bal ic place names in he Samland (Hyd onymia Eu opea. special olume 2) I was published by F anz S eine Ve lag in S u ga . B aue Wilhelm Reinhold 1983: P ussian se lemen s o he wes o he Weichsel. An a emp a an e ymological in e p e a ion o na i e su names. I is published by J. G. He de -Biblio hek Siege land e. V. B aue Wilhelm Reinhold 1988: Bal ic-P ussian se lemen s o he wes o he Weichsel. Published by Nicolaus-Cope nicus. Casemi Ki s in, Udolph Jü gen 2006: The impo ance o he Bal ic o he esea ch o place names in Lowe Saxony. I 's called Bal ų onomas ikos y imai. Vilnius: Li huanian language ins i u e. Dusbu gie is Pe as1985: P ussian his o y o he land. Vilnius is Vaga. Geo g Ge lis (1922), The Old P ussian place names Be lin and Leipzig: associa ion o scien i ic publishe s Wal e de G uy e & Co. Gó nowicz Hube 1980: Toponimia Powiśla Gdańsk. W ocław: Zakład Na odowy in he ci y o W ocław. I 's called Ossoliński. Hinze F iedhelm, 1989: A e iew o he book W. B aue […]P ussian se lemen s wes o he Weichsel. An a emp a an e ymological in e p e a ion o na i e su names. The Facul y o Humani ies o he Uni e si y o Gdańsk. This is P ace Językoznawcze 15. 129–140. DARIUS IVOŠKA 224 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIV h p://ub-goobi-p 2.ub.uni-g ei swald.de/ iewe / ull ex / PPN559838239_NF_75151/ h pwww.p usis ika. l . u.l /zodynas/paieska/ h ps: www.penn ich_lo en z I oška Da ius 2015: Thesis o he lec u e o he 12 h In e na ional Cong ess o he Bal ic, which was held on 30 May. This is Oc obe 2015. Janulai is Augus inas 1998: Lie u os Didysis Kunigaikš is Kęs u is was bo n in he ci y o Augus inas, Li huania. Vilnius: Ka das. Wha a e you doing? Kilian Lo ha 1939: Bal ische O snamen wes lich de Weichsel? – Al p eussen. 4. Jah gang, He 3, 67–68. Kilian Lo ha 1960: The alue o ounding and cul u al p o inces. I 's beau i ul . 23, 41–85. K ahe Hans1943: Bal ic place names wes o he Weichsel. […] Old P ussia 8 and 3. Kuczynski's An anas (1988) is a Li huanian his o ical no el. I 's called Kęs u is. Vilnius: Mokslas. Wha a e you doing? LKSK […] Collec i e o au ho s: Li huanian ka ai and k yžiuočiai. Vilnius: Min is, om 1964. F ied ich Lo en z was bo n in 1933 in Pome ania, P ussia. […] News om he Wes P ussian His o ical Socie y. The 32nd The yea book, issue 3. M P esiden , I would like o hank he Commissione o his eply. Reysne , wha a e you doing? P in ed by A.W. Rasemann GmbH, Danzig, 50 […] 59. LPŽe […] Li huanian pa a džių žodynas, elec onic a ian s. This is he i s ime in he his o y o he Eu opean Union ha he e m "elec onic a ian s" has been used. Vilnius: Li huanian language ins i u es, 2012 […] 2015. NMP VII, VIII […] Nazwy miejscowe Polski 7, 8. I is loca ed in he sou he n pa o he 2007–2009. coun y. This is Wydawnic wo Pandi . K aków, O de o he Folian No. 105. The sec e s a e a chi e o he P ussian cul u al he i age. This is Be lin. PUB I, IV, V […] P ussian eco d book 1, 4, and 5. Königsbe g: G ä e and Unze , Ma bu g: Elwe , 1882 and 1986. Wol gang P. Schmid 1987: Con ibu ions o he de e mina ion o he Bal ic wes e n bo de . – Bal is ica 33(1), 412. This is he i s ime I' e seen i . Wol gang Schmid P. 1994: Linguis icae Scien iae Collec anea. This is he i s ime ha he Linguis icae Scien iae Collec anea has been published. Selec ed w i ings by Wol gang P. Schmid on he occasion o he 65 h I 's you bi hday. H sg. Wha a e you doing? I was w i en by Joachim Becke , Eckha d Egge s, Jü gen Udolph and Die e Webe . This is Be lin. This is Wal e de G uy e om New Yo k. SRP I – Sc ip o es Re um P ussica um 1. Leipzig: Ve lag on S. Hi zel, 1861. SRP V – Sc ip o es Re um P ussica um 5. F ank u am Main: Mine a GmbH, 1874. S aipsniai A icles 225 and 225 Beme kungen zu P oblema ik de bal ischen O snamen wes lich de Weichsel Topo o Vladimi Nikolae ic 1966: K op osu o oponimičeskich soo e s ijach na bal ijskich e i o ijach i k zapadu o Vis ly. He was also a membe o he Council o Minis e s o he Bal ic S a es. This is Bal is ica 1(2), 103111. T au mann Reinhold (1925): The Old P ussian names o people. Gö ingen: Vandenhoeck and Rup ech . This is he i s ime I' e been o Gö ingen. Udolph Jü gen 1990: The posi ion o he wa e names o Poland wi hin he ancien Eu opean hyd onym. Heidelbe g: Published by he Ca l Win e Uni e si y. Voig Johannes 1832: His o y o P ussia om he ea lies imes o he end o he ule o he Ge man O de 5. Königsbe g: Published by he Bo n äge b o he s. o ins i u es. Zinke ičius Zigmas 2008: Lie u ių asmen a džiai. Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos Kele as pas ebėjimų dėl bal iškų ie o a džių į aka us nuo Vyslos p oblema ikos The SANTRAUKA The p oblema ic loca ion o he se lemen s is analyzed by scien is s, due o he signi icance o he se lemen s o he p oblems. The geog aphical and a chaeological esea ch objec s o he Bal us gy en ų ibų e i o ių ibų paieškos a e his o ical, a chaeological, geog aphical and Kalbininkų esea ch objec s. I is al eady clea ha he au ho s o he documen , he mos impo an and he mos impo an , a e he documen s o he ankings o he Vie namese sou ces. Au o iaus dėmesys ėl k yps a į Vokiečių o dino olian ą N . 105 (OF 105). This is he i s ime ha his has happened. The aim o his a icle is o p o ide new in o ma ion on Vie namese and Vie namese, o o p o ide new his o ical da a, o iden i y he his o ical da a on Vie namese and Vie namese, o analyse he hyd ological da a on Vie namese and Vie namese, o iden i y he s a is ical da a on Vie namese and Vie namese. 105 o he gausu bal ų a dynui e y signi ican ma e ial, he e idence o he p ussian gy en as e i o ies and hei ibas, he deba es o he ebekelian daugh e s and he places o he ebeanalizuojamas kalbininkų, his o ians and a chaeologis s. The his o y o he Bal ic e i o ies and he p esen a ion o he Oikonimai is o 105 documen s, ixa ions o he 14 h cen u y. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. DARIUS IVOŠKA Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as Pe o Vileišio g. 5, LT-2055 Vilnius, Li huania dda ius.i [email protected] This is a lis o people who we e bo n in, esiden s o , o o he wise closely associa ed wi h Pe o Vileišio g.