Kėdainiečių (lietuvių, lenkų) pavardžių formavimosi tendencijos XVII–XVIII amžiuje

Straipsniai / Articles 53 ALMA RAGAUSKAITĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas Directions of scientific research: historical anthroponymics, historical toponymics. The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 26 to supplement this Regulation by laying down detailed rules for the application of this Regulation. Formation of trends In the 17th and 18th centuries Tendencies of Formation of Surnames among Kėdainiai Residents (Lithuanians, Poles) in the 17th and 18th centuries This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal. From the twenty-four books of Kėdainiai deeds of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the inventory of Kėdainiai in 1604, 1624, 1666 and the inventory of the Kėdainiai monastery in 1622 and the analysis of other old city manuscripts, about 2,500 names of Kėdainiai were selected (including not only the surnames of different people, but also various variants of their personal name forms). In fact, in the second half of the 17th century, all of the aforementioned ethnic groups had surnames, and slowly only the surnames of representatives of the lower classes (servants and so on) became popular. In the eighteenth century, the final settlement of their surnames continued. These findings were also compared with the results of the population surveys of the larger cities of Lithuania (16th-18th centuries Kaunas, 16th-17th centuries Vilnius). ESMINIAI WORDS: Kėdainiai, the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the books of acts, the formation of surnames. This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal. Around 2,500 cases of naming (both the anthroponyms of different people and various versions of their personal name forms) were collected for the analysis from 24 Kėdainiai registry books of the 17th-18th century, Kėdainiai inventories of 1604, 1624 and 1666, Kėdainiai rectory land rent inventory of 1622 and other old city manuscripts. Their analysis led to the distinction of the major trends in the formation and spelling of surnames ALMA RAGAUSKAITĖ 54 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXVII designating Kėdainiai residents (Lithuanians, Poles) in the 17th-18th century. In fact, in the second half of the seventeenth century, all the inhabitants of Kėdainiai belonging to the aforementioned ethnic groups had surnames. It only took longer for the surnames of lower social classes.KEYWORDS: Kėdainiai, 17th-18th (servants, etc.) to originate. The forms of their surnames finally settled in the 18th century. The conclusions are compared with the findings of the research on residents in larger Lithuanian cities (16th–18th century Kaunas, 16th–17th century Vilnius). century, registry books, formation of surnames. The following table is inserted in Annex I: Lietuvos miestiečių luomo pavardžių formavimosi procesas jau pradėtas tirti. Vilniaus Šv. Jono bažnyčios 1602−1615 m. santuokų ir 1611−1616 m. krikšto personal names in the registration books were thoroughly studied by Zigmas Zinkevičius (Zinkevičius 1973: 17-19; 1974: 78-85, 1976: 125-131; 1977: 1977a: 93-101, 1977b: 151-156; Zinkevičius 1974: 136-143, 1980: 151-156). Lithuanian anthroponymics in his monograph. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, he emphasized that the beginning of the seventeenth century was a very important period for the process of forming Lithuanian surnames. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully examine the functioning of the personal names inherited at that time in those sources that were written in the areas most affected by the process of polonization at the time when the process began or intensified (Zinkevich, 1977: 4). In the chapter devoted to this purpose of the monograph, The Process of Name Formation (min. work, 64-65) the author states that based on the church metrics books, it was not easy to determine precisely which surnames of records were no longer valid, valid only for one time, but which were constant, passed on from generation to generation, and thus performed the function of the surname. Direct data showing the mutual family affiliation of the registered persons, from which it is possible to judge the temporariness or permanence of the surname, occurs only in one other entry (min. veik., 64). However, it is still thought that the surnames at that time must have belonged to privileged families of people who took care of their noble lineage and genealogy (min. Zigmantas Kiaupa, based on the 1662-1663 tax records of the city of Šiauliai and the 1636-1738 court book of the Šiauliai manor, tried to describe the formation of their surnames as polinki. He came to the conclusion that in the first half of the seventeenth century one can already observe the phenomenon of the radiation of the surnames of the strawberries (Kiaupa 1991: 3−4). The author of this article investigated the formation of the surnames of the inhabitants of one of the largest cities of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania […] Kaunas […] in the 16th - 18th centuries. For this purpose, she devoted a chapter to the monographs of the 16th and 18th centuries. Articles by Articles 55 Kėdainiečių (lietuvių, lenkų) pavardžių formavimosi tendencijos XVII–XVIII amžiuje […]Formations of the guards[…] and a number of publications (Ragauskaitė 2001: 123-143; 2001a: 40-41; 2002: 31-40; 2005: 75-96; 2009: 226-232). Three centuries of apnes imančių Kauno savivaldos institucijų dokumentų analizė leido pateikti pradihave been discovered due to urban surnames research and their development (Ragauskaitė 2005: 76[…]96). It was found that the names of the urban elite were formed early. Already in the first half of the sixteenth century, the local nobles (Lithuanians, Poles, Russians) who occupied a high position in society gradually acquired a personal heritage. At that time, members of the German Lutheran community living in Kaunas also had names. In the second half of this century and in the first half of the seventeenth century, part of the urban population of the middle and lower classes was written with a uniform, common anthroponym. The records of the second half of the seventeenth century show essentially all the nobles already having surnames. Apparently, the surnames of representatives of Kaunas' marginal strata were formed more slowly (Ragauskaitė 2001: 140). In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the final settlement of noble surnames took place. This is evidenced by the large number of surname variants (Ragauskaitė 2002: 38; 2005: 91[…]95). A general survey of the surnames of the inhabitants of Vilnius in the 16th-17th centuries, Kėdainiai in the 17th-18th centuries, and Joniškio in the 18th century was carried out on the basis of more than 4 000 surnames collected from documents on the history of these cities. At first, the names of urban upper classes began to form, later they were acquired by representatives of the middle and lower classes. However, even these data clearly testified that not only the elite of the city belonged to the Joniškiai (burmistrai, vaitas, etc.), but also the lower strata of the population had inherited personal names. The gender settlement of the inhabitants of the aforementioned cities continued ir XVIII a. (Ragauskaitė 2008: 36). By 1628-1629, people of Scottish descent who had arrived in Kėdainiai already had surnames, but the transmission (fixing or not) of their inheritances varied in the city's manuscripts. This led to the absence of a uniform and mandatory naming system for all, the writing tradition of the scribes of the time and so on. However, it has been found that the 17th-18th centuries are dominated by surnames that clearly testify to the functioning of the personal names (names) of the Scottish heritage in the sources of the history of the city of Kėdainiai. pavardės – skirtinguose magistrato bylų įrašuose jos galėjo būti įvairiai modifikuotos. Taip susidarė kėdainiečių škotų (vyrų) pavardžių grafinių variantų Latinos, Slavs and people of this nationality (Ragauskaitė 2007: 63[…]64; 2016: 56[…]57). By the end of the 17th century, German surnames had already been established in Kedah, but their spelling patterns had not settled in historical sources. Especially when it's written next to the same šeimos nariai (vyras ir žmona) ir kt. Pasitaikė, kad moters vardas ir mergautinė pavardė buvo praleidžiami. Kai kada magistrato bylose nurodoma tik bendra ALMA RAGAUSKAITĖ 56 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXVII the surnames of the spouses who were engaged. This phenomenon was influenced by the specifics of the books and the context of the records studied. The person mentioned in one document (the plaintiff, the defendant, etc.) in another trial protocol may have sounded unusual, rašytas trumpiau, paprasčiau arba tiesiog kitaip. Tai, matyt, susiję ir su gyvąja kalba, ir su neoficialiu miestiečių apibūdinimu. Raštininkams šių kitataučių so there are variants of the spelling of Germanic surnames recorded in historical documents. This phenomenon was varied and non-sexual (Ragauskaitė 2016a: 111128). As can be seen, the different ethnic groups living in the Kėdainiai (Scots, Germans, etc.) had their own system of naming people, fixing surnames, formation, etc. characteristics, so the study of the historical anthroponyms of the Kėdainiai in the XVII-XVIII centuries continues. The purpose of this article is to discuss the spelling patterns of surnames of the local community of Kėdainiai (Lietuvos, Polish) in the XVII-XVIII centuries, to provide a detailed analysis of the formation of surnames of different urban strata. In addition, the chronology of the formation of the surnames of the Kėdainiečių will be compared with the results of the research on the formation of the surnames of the inhabitants of the largest cities of Lithuania (XVI-XVIII century Kaunas, XVI-XVII century Vilnius). The material for the article was mainly compiled from 24 books of Keda's Acts, written in Latin and Polish. These are some of the most valuable sources of ancient historical anthroponymy (Ragauskaitė 2008: 29; 2014a: 323). 17th century tiniojo dešimtmečio įrašų esama 1690–1775 m. magistrato knygoje. Didžiąją dalį aktų knygų sudaro miestiečių turto pripažinimo, užrašymo, įkeitimo, skodocuments, court decisions, and minutes of magistrates' sessions. The records of the Magistrate's sessions or sittings and the minutes of the council's court have survived since 1759. The oral minutes are from 1759-1763, 1767-1773, 1777-1792 (Tyla 2000: 65; KDN 27). The books of the Triumvirate cover the period from the beginning of the seventeenth century (1623, 1686, 1670, 1720, 1721, 1742, 1753, 1754, 1755, 1756, 1776, 1753, 1756, 1756, 1766, 1767, 1776, 1776, 1777, 1777, 1777, 1777, 1777, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1789, and many others). The scope of these documents varies. The largest volume is the 1756-1758 volume, which consists of 627 pages, and the smallest volume is the 84-page volume, which covers From 1732 to 1740. At least 17 scribes have written these books (Tyla 2000: 73[…]75). It is claimed that the writers of the city's act books had compiled sets of formulas of various acts, which were used to write down various persons, 1 In fact, this is not a magistrate's book of 1623-1806, as indicated in the description of the archive of the history of the state of Lithuania, but a set of individual documents for a couple of hundred years. Articles of the 57th Kėdainiečių (lietuvių, lenkų) pavardžių formavimosi tendencijos XVII–XVIII amžiuje Judgments in court cases and the like (Jablonskis 1979: 222). In an effort to compensate for the shortcomings of the records of the first half of the books of the Kėdainiai acts of the seventeenth century, other documents of the history of this century are also used. This is the inventory of the Kėdainiai in 1604, 1624 and 1666, the inventory of the Kėdainiai klebonijos činčo in 1622 and so on, mostly written in Polish. From the aforementioned sources of history of the 17th and 18th centuries, about 2,500 (2,000 men and 500 women) names were selected for the analysis of this article. Not only different, but also repeated entries of the same people (variants of their gender) are counted. 1. APIE KDAINIEČI ethnic group and Kėdainiai was a multi-religious and multi-ethnic city in the 17th and 18th centuries (Žirgulis 2005: 179; 2005b: 35). In order to promote trade, crafts, and actively support the Reformation, Christophe Radvila sought to establish as many followers of this religion as possible in Kėdainiai (Tworek 1966: 193; Žirgulis 2005a: 226). At that time, the city of Kėdainiai was predominantly inhabited by Lithuanians, Polish, Scots, Germans, Jews (see also Šinkūnas 1928: 21, 36; KDN 18; Žirgulis 2005: 179). Catholics, Evangelical Reformed, Evangelical Lutherans, Jews, and a few Orthodox were established in the city (Šinkūnas: 2122; KDN 18; Žirgulis 2005: 239; 2005a: 234247; 2006: 225235). It is believed that in 1624 the Jews began economic activity in Kėdainiai, and in 1629 the German Evangelical Lutherans were invited (Žirgulis 2005a, 227). It is claimed that Kristupas Radvila maintained ties with the Elbing Reformed Church, to which the Scots also belonged. Although it is not known whether they were officially invited, the Scottish Reformed appeared in the Khedive around 1628-1629. From 1590 to 1795 (during the entire period of the city's municipality) the names of the magistrates' officers were collected from various city documents (as well as from the books of Kėdainiai acts of the 17th-18th centuries) (Tyla 2000: 225-7375). It was found that out of the 225 city officials, 72.9% of those holding such high positions were local residents, Lithuanians and Poles (Žirgulis 2002: 25). In the context of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Kėdainiai stationary articles are also called rusėnais. This is a broader concept, reflecting the then strictly undefined national identity of these people (Ragauskas 2002: 284). The small Orthodox community in Kėdainiai actually began to develop in the middle of the 17th century, when Jonas Radvila married the Moldavian princess Maria Lupula. In 1652 in her honour was built St. Andrieus church and a monastery were established near Knypava Square (Paškevičius 1908: 1718; Laukaitytė 2001: 33; Žirgulis 2002a: 137). This monastery was inhabited by St. John of Vilnius. Jonušo Ravil, a monk from the monastery of Dvasi, invited some monks. Yes, please. ALMA RAGAUSKAITĖ 58 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXVII XVII a. antrojoje pusėje prie cerkvės ir vienuolyno įsikūrė nedidelė tikinčiųjų the community. In the inventory of Kėdainiai, the monastic monastery […] Monostyr Ruski KI3 6v is mentioned in 1666. It is believed that Jonušas Radvila invited him to come to Kėdainiai and build Russian towns (craftsmen, merchants, etc.) from Polotsk (Paškevičius 1908: 21). In 1656 the prince Jonušas Radvila died, and in 1660 Slucke […] Kėdainių stačiatikių guardian Marija Radvilienė (Paškevičius 1908: 23) was born. In the second half of the 17th century, the skundėsi dėl finansinių sunkumų. 1661 m. Kėdainių stačiatikių vienuolyne gyinhabitants of this parish had already seen a monk, named in historical sources as Feofan Eliašević, who appealed to the new owner of the Kėdainiai, Boguslav Radvilas, asking for support for the monastery. At that time, this monastery was headed by a person written as Nikanor Lenkevich. In 1666 he represented Vilnius in the courts. The monastery of Dvasia, mentioned as Danil' Dorofeevich' (Paskevich' 1908: 23, 25, 29). By 1682 the number of monks in the Rusyn monastery had dwindled to two. The new owner, Caroline Ludwiga, supported the station from 1687 onwards, and a few believers arrived in the town. However, around 1704 the Jesuits appeared in the city (Pashkevich, 1908: 27). With the arrival of the Jesuits, the persecution of Orthodox and Protestants began. Most of them just left the city. In the Kėdainiai Magistrate's Book of Vėlesė 1750-1766, the still functioning church is mentioned: 1761 Xiądz Nikanor The Commission therefore concludes that the aid is compatible with the internal market within the meaning of Article 107 (3) (c) of the Treaty. The monastery was damaged by fire in 1718 and again in 1771, and in 1798 the monks returned to Vilnius. The monastery was closed, and the church was closed (Paškević 1820: 30-31; Laukaitytė 2001: 33; Žirgulis 2002a: 137-138). Thus, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Russian community was like a specific "svetimkunis" in the city of Kėdainiai. Due to these historical circumstances, the names of these miniature communities, which did not have a greater influence on the public life of the Kėdainiai, formavimosi reiškinys nebuvo atspindėtas XVII–XVIII a. istorijos dokumenare here. Therefore, the formation of the surnames of other ethnic groups (Lithuanians, Polish) represented in the sources under consideration will be discussed. All anthroponyms presented in Article 2 are metricated. each of them bears the year in which the personal name was recorded, the abbreviation of the historical source and the page number. Straipsniai / Articles 59 Kėdainiečių (lietuvių, lenkų) pavardžių formavimosi tendencijos XVII–XVIII amžiuje 2. the Danish (Lithuanian, LENK) ASPrinciple of selection The origin of a historical anthroponym does not always indicate the za 2000: 18–45; Górny 2004: 18–27; Kowalik-Kaleta 2007: 25–56; Lipowski 2008: 24; Zinkevičius 2009: 12–50; Mytnik 2010: 14–55; Sarnowska-Giefing nationality of its holder (Bre2011: 14 […] 33; Sudakiewicz 2011: 18 […] 44; Woliński 2011: 14 […] 34; Kucińska 2015: 33 […] 40; Ragauskaitė 2016: 115). This is not the aim of this study. In the 17th-18th centuries, the names of the Kėdainiečių (Lietuviai, Polish) were recorded in the aforementioned Kėdainiai history documents (magistrate's protocols) and kt. The criteria for the exclusion of urban personal names are already written (Ragauskaitė 1999: 146; About 2000: 94; 2003: 82; 2004: 8–9; 2005: 18–23; 2006: 81–82; 2014: 9; 2015: 59– In the light of the foregoing considerations, the Commission concludes that the contested measure constitutes State aid within the meaning of Article 107 (1) of the Treaty. Members of the local community of Kėdainiai (Lithuanians, Poles) are indicated in the sources studied with the reference le. a citizen, a citizen, for example. In the case of the United Kingdom, the Court of First Instance held that the contested decision was vitiated by an error of law as regards the application of Article 107 (1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, in so far as it did not apply to the United Kingdom. 1720 Jan Bałądziewicz Obywatel Miasta Kieydanskiego KAK3 98, 1761 Uczciwy Ierzy Chodasewicz Ob(ywatel) Kieydanski KAK10 1770 61, Macieia Grygaluna Obywatela Kieydanskiego gen. KAK15 110, 1765 z uczciwem Szymonem Ilewiczem obyw(atelem) Kieydan(skim) [...] abl. This is the first time that the name has been used. In the case of the former, the Court of First Instance held that the applicant had failed to fulfil its obligations under Article 107 (3) (c) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, in particular Article 107 (3) (c) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. In the case of the former, the Court of First Instance held that the applicant had failed to fulfil its obligations under Article 107 (3) (c) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and had mon Witkowski Ob(ywatel) Kieyd(anski) KAK10 64, 1770 […] Marcin Ziemkiewicz Obywatele Kieydanscy KAK15 99 ir t. t. failed to meet its obligations under Article 107 (3) (c) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. K.A. 102, 1762 Pan Sy3 The abbreviations recorded in the historical documents are filled in. Adjectives are indicated in brackets. When passing on personal names, efforts are made to preserve the originals, the gender fixed in the manuscripts. ALMA RAGAUSKAITĖ 60 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXVII This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. Part of the cadets are identified by various high-ranking positions (councillors, mayors, magistrates, bailiffs, etc.) ending in references, e.g. : Sław (ethnic) and Bartłomiej Bacianowski Ławnik M(iasta) K(ieydanskiego) KAK24 1794 In the case of the United Kingdom, the Court of First Instance held that the Court of First Instance did not have jurisdiction to hear the appeal against the judgment of the Court of First Instance. In the case of the United Kingdom, the Court of First Instance ruled that the contested decision was vitiated by an error of law. The reference to lo is noticed in some of the inscriptions of the kėdainiečių. the decemvir. The connection between the Kėdainiai magistrate and the city community was quite strong, so the decemvirai, representatives of the cech, attended the magistrate's meetings. They were also approved by the magistrate. The Tertio ordo communitatis, or decemvirate, was formed from the elected representatives of the urban community to control the activities of the Kėdainiai magistrate (Tyla 2000: 65, 68). They controlled the decrees, decisions, collected revenues and expenditures of the magistrate and were responsible for the military preparation of the city of bendruomenės atstovų įvardijimų užfiksuota ir XVII–XVIII a. šaltiniuose, pvz.: Kėdainiai (Tyla 2000: 64[…]76). This is a list of the municipalities in which the municipality is located, including the municipalities in which the municipality is located, including the municipalities in which the municipality is located, such as the municipalities in which the municipality is located, such as the municipalities in which the municipality is located, such as the municipalities in which the municipality is located. 1766 Panowie Diciemwirowy To iest [...] Pan Ian Bacinowski [...] Pan Jozef Iankowski KAK10 89, 1759 Sławetny [...] Pan Kazimierz Jasułowicz Decemwir KAK10 1 and kt. He was also a wiecki KAK10 81, 1795 Szlachetnemu Janowi Dąmbrowſkiemu kupcowi y Obywatelowi Kieydan(skiemu) dat. KAK24 16, 1765 Uczciwego Adama Januſzkiewicza Maystra member of the Polish parliament. There are many 18th-century craftsmen with handwritten references, such as 1762 Sław(etny) P(an) Symon Augutowicz Cechmistrz SzeKowalskiego z uczciwym Stefanem Romanowicz Maystrem Kunsztu Gancarskiego KAK10 137, 1762 Emelianowi Iuszkiewicz Maystrowi Kunsztu Szews(ki) Obyw(atelowi) The city of Kieyd(anskiego) is located in the district of the same name. KAK10 78, 1767 Jan Kardaszewicz Cechmistrz [...] Garbarskiego KAK15 6, 1794 Tomasz Macianski 1768 Utsciwego Tomaſza Michałowskiego maystra Kunſztu Szewskiego gen. KAK15 46, 1764 Uczciwy Szymon Rymszewicz Mayster Zarembacki KAK10 89, 1767 […] Stefan Symanowicz Maystrowie Kunſztu Tokarskiego KAK15 30, 1767 Utsciwy Jozef Starszy Tkacki KAK24 142, Stankiewic Mayster Kunsztu Ciesielskiego KAK15 13, 1768 Mr. Antoniemu Szachniewiczow Cechmistrzowi Szewiecki was born in the village of Stankiewic, in the village of Stankiewic. KAK15 43, 1769 Iozefa Szyszkiewicza Maystra Kunsztu Mularskiego, also known as KAK15 61. Articles by Articles 61 Kėdainiečių (lietuvių, lenkų) pavardžių formavimosi tendencijos XVII–XVIII amžiuje According to the specified identification principles, the surnames of the local Christian (Lithuanian, Polish) inhabitants of the city of Kėdainiai in the 17th-18th centuries were selected. The purpose of this article, the informativeness of the sources of the history of the Kėdainiai and the research on the ethnic composition of the Kėdainiečių community determined such a conditional classification. 3. KDAINIEČI (Lithuanian, Polish) 17th President of the Republic of Poland In the 18th century The study of historical anthroponymy is carried out by a researcher with the aim of specific analysis using the chosen methodology of the study (Citko 2001: 1145; Skowronek 2001: 13-32; Szulowska 2004: 1525; AP IIII; Kowalik-Kaleta, Dacewicz, Raszewska-Żurek 2007: 2740; Wolnicz-Pawłowska 2010: 26278; SNMP 10). To study the process of surname formation, historical documents covering a longer period of time are needed, which would list members of the same families or even several generations of them. By examining such inscriptions, it is possible to find out whether the personal names of these surnames have acquired the most vardžio paveldimumas bei priklausymas vienos šeimos nariams liudija jį virtus pavarde (Dubisz 1956: 97–107; Bubak 1986: 217; Maciejauskienė 1991: 51; important properties of surnames. As only Jaracz 2001: 496; Ragauskaitė 2001: 125; 2005: 75; 2008: 29 […] 33; 57 […] 60; 2016a: 113 […] 116; Rudnicka-Fira 2004: 15; Pihan-Kijasova 2011: 75 […] 76; Pasterska 2013: 11 […] 14; 2016: 179 […] 185). This is the first time that this has happened. Kėdainiai is one of the few private Lithuanian cities to which the Magdeburg rights were granted by King Sigismund Vasa on April 15, 1590, with preserved and nurtured multicultural traditions, having been the city of Kiški, and then with an interruption the city of representatives of the Biržvilas-Dubingios clan of the Radas (Tyla 2000: 66). Most of the books of the 17th-century Kėdainiai magistracy have burned down. It is precisely these early records that would be an important part of the historical anthroponymic material (Žirgulis 2002: 24; 2005a: 229). Only the series of books of acts of the institutions of the Kaunas city council survived from the third decade of the sixteenth century. Other original sources of this nature from Lithuanian cities have survived since the seventeenth century (Kiaupa 2000: 69; 2010: 24). Therefore, due to these objective extralinguistic reasons, the chronology of the first surnames of the Kėdainiai towns is very lacking in early 16th-century records. In other 16th-century historical sources (such as the 16th-century Kaunas Acts books) there are only very sporadic inscriptions of members of the same family, e.g. 1559 Bartholomew Nauniskis Kyedaynensis conservat in vigore ux testamentumoris suae demortu KNAK 63v […] on 1562 honesta Ursula, quondam Simonis Birutiskis, nunc vero Baltromei Nauniskis ALMA RAGAUSKAITĖ 68 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXVII was formed earlier than the countryside, but later than the Bavarian. The latter surnames, as it is claimed, already existed in the 15th century, then they were intensively formed in the 16th century and later. The surnames of the provinces began to appear sporadically only at the end of the 16th century, then very rapidly formed in the 17th century and ended in the 18th century (Maciejauskienė 1991: 112). The Statute of Lithuania, the Constitutions of the Seimas of Lithuania and Poland preserved only the Bajorish surnames. The Bajorans themselves defended their surnames so that they would not be appropriated and abused by others. They had a particularly large fortune, so it was important for them to have a uniform, a heritage, a surname, to take care of their family, their genealogy. In terms of the status of the cities, they were smaller than the Bavarians. The status of their surname was usually confirmed by documents of a specific city. The city did not have civil rights until May 3, 1791. This constitution was an extraordinary event in the history of cities, as new laws created a universal law of cities (Glemža 1998: 43−69; 2000: 211−214). This only shows that the Bajoran people had a stable, inherited a name that favored historical circumstances that occurred much earlier. The statements made about the formation and development of the surnames of the Kėdainiai towns in the XVII-XVIII centuries complement the studies of the process of forming the surnames of the inhabitants of other cities (Vilnius, Kaunas, Joniškio) carried out until now. As already discussed, the seventeenth century. the other hand all members of the local community of the Kedainie already had surnames. But that does not mean that they were completely settled by then. This was mainly influenced by the fact that Lithuanian heritage surnames were written in non-Lithuanian texts and often by other Lithuanian writers. The surnames of the Lithuanian kėdainiečių of the beginning of the XVII-XVIII centuries were bent, so the surname that appeared in the different entries of the magistrate's book could have been variously modified. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to discuss consistently the phenomena of stabilization of surnames of surnames (variation of surnames of sexes, etc.). 4. Excluded 1. By examining the records of Kėdainiai history documents of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it has been established that the surnames were formed at different times in all groups of local urban communities. In the first half of the 17th century, the Kėdainiečiai (Lithuanians, Poles) who occupied a higher position in society were written with hereditary surnames. In the second half of this century, people from the middle and lower classes of the urban population acquire inherited anthroponisms. Essentially, in the records of the second half of the seventeenth century, the members of the Kėdainiai miestiečių luomo have surnames. I would only be happy with the surnames of the lower classes (servants, mercenaries, etc.). In the books of the XVIII city acts, all the Kedainians are recorded with surnames. Straipsniai / Articles 69 Kėdainiečių (lietuvių, lenkų) pavardžių formavimosi tendencijos XVII–XVIII amžiuje 3. in the local communities of Lithuania's largest cities (Kaunas, Vilnius) already In the first half of the 16th century, elite surnames were formed, and in the second half of the 17th century, the surnames were acquired by representatives of the middle classes of these cities. In the 18th century, it was not uncommon for all the Kaunetians, Vilnians, and Kedainians to be written with surnames. PRIEDAS is the name of the game. 1 PAV. Other A fragment from the inventory of Kėdainiai, dated 1666. ALMA RAGAUSKAITĖ 70 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LXXVII SHALTINIAI4 This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. The book of Acts of Caesarea (1555-1564) Rankraščių skyrius of the Vilnius University Library (VUBRS) is located in Vilnius. F. 7. Other B. 13843. What is the name of the city? (KNAK) This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication. The inventory of the year 1604. The VUBRS. F. and 4. A1723. This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication. This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. K.I.D. 1622: Inventory of the Klebanite castle. The VUBRS. F. and 4. A207. The following table is inserted: B. 16292. What is it? (CCC). The Commission therefore concludes that the aid is compatible with the internal market within the meaning of Article 107 (3) (c) of the Treaty. The book of the Kėdainiai Acts (1623-1806) Archives of the State History of Lithuania (hereinafter referred to as […]) the LVIA). F. S. A. and B. 15360. What is it? (KAK1) Not further worked than hot-rolled The inventory of the Kėdainiai in 1624 [Inwentarz spisanÿ ÿmyenia Kyeydanskiego [...]]. VUThe BRS. F. and 4. This is A1724. This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. (KI2) Not further worked than hot-rolled The inventory of Kėdainiai in 1666 was published by the Inventory of the City of Kėdainiai in 1666. The VUBRS. F. and 4. A215. What is it? B. 16891. What is it? (KI3) Not further worked than hot-rolled [Registration of liquidation of the City of Kieydansk, 167...] The VUBRS. F. and 4. A216 and B. Other 17021. (RLDMK) This Decision shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication. The book of the Kėdainiai Acts (1690-1775). The LVIA. F. S. A. and B. 15357. This is the case. K.A.D.A. Act of 1704-1720 is published. The LVIA. F. S. A. and B. 15358. What is it? K.A.D.A. Act of 1721 - The Book of K.A.D.A. Acts of 1725 The LVIA. F. S. A. and B. 15359. What is it? K.A.D.A. Act of 1732 - The Book of the Acts of 1740 The LVIA. F. S. A. and B. 15361. What is it? K.A. 5 - The Book of the Acts of Khedadeh (1732-1743) The LVIA. F. Kėdainių aktų 1750–1761 m. knyga. LVIA. F. SA. B. 15367. (KAK9) S. A. and B. 15362. What is it? K.A. 6 - The Book of the Acts of Khedadeh, 1744-1750 The LVIA. F. S. A. and This is B. 15363. K.A.D. 1752 book of acts. The LVIA. F. S. A. and B. 15364. What is it? K.A.K. 8 - The Book of the Acts of Keda (1750-1766) The LVIA. F. Kėdainių aktų 1763–1770 m. knyga. LVIA. F. SA. B. 15370. (KAK14) Kėdainių aktų 1767–1770 m. knyga. LVIA. F. SA. B. 15371. (KAK15) Kėdainių aktų 1771–1773 m. knyga. LVIA. F. SA. B. 15372. (KAK16) S. A. and B. 15368. What is it? K.A.D.A. Act of 1753 and K.A.D.A. Act of 1755 The LVIA. F. S. A. and B. 15365. What is it? K.A. 11 of the Kedaic Acts, 1756-1758. The LVIA. F. S. A. and B. 15366. What is it? K.A.K. 12 of the Acts of Khedive (1762-1763) The LVIA. F. S. A. and B. 15369. This is the case. (K13) Book of the Acts of Kėdainiai from 1774 to 1777. The LVIA. F. S. A. and B. 15373. This is the case. (KJV) 4 The list of historical sources is arranged chronologically. Articles by Articles 71 Kėdainiečių (lietuvių, lenkų) pavardžių formavimosi tendencijos XVII–XVIII amžiuje The book of Acts, 1777. The LVIA. F. S. A. and B. 15374. What is it? K.A. 18 of the Kėdainiai Acts (1777-1780) is a book. The LVIA. F. S. A. and B. 15375. This is the case. (KAK19) [Byla for the beating of the Kėdainiai violinist. 1779] The VUBRS. F. and 4. A224. What is it? This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. (BKSS) Not further worked than hot-rolled The book of the Kėdainiai Acts (1779-1782) The LVIA. F. S. A. and B. 15376. What is it? K.A. 20 of the Kėdainiai Acts of 1782-1791. The LVIA. F. S. A. and B. 15377. This is the case. (K.A.21) Book of the Kėdainiai Acts of 1783-1792 (also known as the Book of the Kėdainiai Acts of 1783-1792) The LVIA. F. S. A. and B. 15378. What is it? K.A. 22 The book of the Kėdainiai Acts 1791-1806. The LVIA. F. S. A. and B. 15379. What is it? (KA23) Book of the Kėdainiai Acts from 1794 to 1798. The LVIA. F. S. A. and B. 15380. What is it? (KAK24) Not further worked than hot-rolled LITERATŪRA AP I – Antroponimia Polski od XVI do końca XVIII wieku: wybór artykulów haslowych oraz wykazy nazwisk wraz z chronologią i geografią 1. A–G, red. Aleksandra Cieślikowa. Kraków: Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN, 2007. AP II – Antroponimia Polski od XVI do końca XVIII wieku: wybór artykulów haslowych oraz wykazy nazwisk wraz z chronologią i geografią 2. H–Mą, red. Aleksandra Cieślikowa, Katarzyna Skowronek. Kraków: Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN, 2009. AP III – Antroponimia Polski od XVI do końca XVIII wieku: wybór artykulów haslowych oraz wykazy nazwisk wraz z chronologią i geografią 3. Mc–Pl, red. Aleksandra Cieślikowa, Katarzyna Skowronek. Kraków: Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN, 2011. Breza Edward 2000: Nazwiska Pomorzan. Pochodzenie i zmiany. 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Tendencies of Formation of Surnames among Kėdainiai Residents (Lithuanians, Poles) in the 17th to 18th century Summary The article discusses the tendencies of formation of surnames of Kėdainiai residents in the 17th-18th century with a focus on the personal names of Kėdainiai residents collected from 24 unique Kėdainiai registry books of the 17th-18th century. Kedainiai inventories of the 17th Articles by Articles 77 Kėdainiečių (lietuvių, lenkų) pavardžių formavimosi tendencijos XVII–XVIII amžiuje century as well as other historical documents are also mentioned in the article as auxiliary historical documents. About 2,500 cases of naming Kėdainiai residents (both anthroponyms of different people and various versions of their personal name forms) were collected from the aforementioned old city manuscripts. The analysis of these cases of of Kėdainiai (Lithuanians, naming made it clear that surnames originated in all the groups of the local community of city residents at different times. The surnames of the dominant and most influential residents of Kėdainiai were first to originate. In the first half of the 17th century the residents Poles) taking up a higher social position were recorded using hereditary personal names. In the second half of the century, individuals belonging to the middle and lower classes of the townspeople acquired uniform, common anthroponyms. The records of the second half of the seventeenth century show that the townspeople of Köln, Meanwhile, in the case of local dainiai had surnames. Apparently, it took longer for the surnames of the city’s lower social classes to form. The stabilization of the surnames of Kėdainiai residents occurred during a communities of large cities, such as Kaunas and Vilnius, the surnames of the city elite first originated in the first half of the 16th century. The residents of Kaunas, Vilnius and Kėdainiai already had surnames in the second half of the 17th century. The final formation of the surnames of Kaunas, Vilnius, Kėdainiai, Joniškis residents took place in the 18th century. When comparing the chronology of the origin and final formation of the surnames of the social classes of Lithuanian nobles and peasants with the time of formation of the surnames of the townspeople, it turned out that it took longer for the surnames of the townspeople to form compared to the nobility, but they formed earlier than those of peasants. The available research of Lithuanian historical anthroponomy testifies that the phenomenon of formation of surnames of the nobility can already be observed in the 15th century. The process gained momentum in the 16th century and during a later period. The surnames of peasants gradually originated at the end of the sixteenth century only, gathered pace in the seventeenth century, and finally formed in the eighteenth century. Delivered on 10 August 2017 ALMA RAGAUSKAITĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 26 to supplement this Regulation by laying down detailed rules for the application of this Regulation.