Dėl oikonimo Ginùčiai kilmės ištakų

114 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XC LAIMUTIS BILKIS Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as ORCID id: o cid.o g/0000-0002-2902-4722 Resea ch a eas include oponymy and an h oponymics. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. I'm no going o lie o you. I'm no going o lie o you. Wha 's going on? On he O igin o he Oikonym Ginùčiai This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. The a icle discusses he spelling and o igin o he name o he illage o Ginučiai in Ignal[…]nos . sa . The se lemen is loca ed nex o he hill on which he cas le o Liñkmenė p obably s ood, i is i s men ioned in his o ical sou ces in 1373, so in some ea ly wo ks he o ma ion o he oikonimo is connec ed wi h he de ense o he cas le and his place name is de i ed om he ain. gn i(s) ‘ o lead wha a acked; o epel he a ack. Based on he analysis o he insc ip ions o he name o he se lemen in he sou ces o his o y o he 16 h o 20 h cen u ies, an ea lie o m o i is econs uc ed: *Ginu ėnai, i s men ioned in 1554 and used un il he beginning o he 20 h cen u y. I is s a ed ha only he cu en a ian Ginùčiai, which is eco ded in his o ical documen s om he i s hal o he 17 h cen u y, is w i en om he li ing language. F om ha ime on, bo h o ms we e used o he i s bo n, un il he i s hal o he 20 h cen u y, when he adjec i es came in o use. - You don' ha e an oikonim. The i s o m *Ginu ėnai is de i ed om he pa onymic a d. *Ginu ėnas, he possibili y o which is con i med by he su i ing p d. Ginu is and he his o ical an h oponyms Pio Ginu is, Iasiul Ginu ay is, Ginnu e, Ginnu is, Ginu a is. The ac ha hese su names ha e no been eco ded in he illage o Ginúčių o nea by dis ic s since a leas he middle o he 16 h cen u y sugges s ha hey may ha e been he e ea lie . The eme gence o he Vėlesnė oikonimo o m Ginùčiai is associa ed wi h he use o I alian-speaking place names wi h and wi hou he su ix -ėnai in 17 h- and 18 h-cen u y sou ces (mos ly chu ch me ics). ESMINIAL WORDS: he o igin o he su names, he o igin o he su names, place names wi h he su ix -ėnai da yba, he name o he illage Ginùčiai, pe sonal names wi h he s one Ginu -. S aipsniai / A icles 115 Dėl oikonimo Ginùčiai kilmės iš akų This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. The a icle explo es he e olu ion and o igin o he name o Ginučiai illage nes led wi hin Ignalina dis ic municipali y. Loca ed close o he hill o p esumed o ha e housed he Linkmenys cas le, ini ially documen ed in his o ical eco ds da ing back o s udies ha e linked 1373, he se lemen ’s his o y in e wines wi h his o ess. Consequen ly, some ea lie he oikonym's o ma ion o he cas le's de ensi e na u e, sugges ing i s o igins s ems om Li h. gn i(s) ‘ o sa e someone o some hing om an a ack; o epel an a ack. Based on he analysis o his o ical sou ces spanning om he 16 h o he 20 h cen u y, he ea lie o m o he oikonym can be econs uc ed as "Ginu ene," ini ially documen ed in 1554 and emaining in use un il he ea ly 20 h cen u y. I is deduced ha he a ian Ginučiai, p esen in his o ical documen s om he i s hal o he se en een h cen u y, was he p e ailing o m in common usage. Subsequen ly, bo h o ms we e used in e changeably un il he e sion wi hou he su ix -ena gained p ominence in he i s hal o he 20 h cen u y. The p ima y o m is de i ed om he pa onymic pe sonal name Ginu enas, he likelihood o which is con i med by he ex an su name Ginu is and his o ical an h oponyms Pio Ginu is, Iasiul Ginu i is, Ginnu is, Ginnu is, and Ginu a is. These names we e documen ed in Ginučiai illage o i s icini y om a leas he mid-16 h cen u y, sugges ing a p obable ea lie p esence in his a ea. The eme gence o he la e oikonym o m Ginučiai is associa ed wi h he in e changeable use o oikonyms wi h o wi hou he su ix -ena, e iden in 17 h- and 18 h-cen u y sou ces, pa icula ly wi hin chu ch eco ds. KEYWORDS: de elopmen o oikonyms, o igin o oikonyms, o ma ion o oponyms wi h he su ix -ėnai, illage name Ginùčiai, pe sonal names wi h he s em Ginu -. 1.The ollowing able is inse ed: In eas e n Li huania, in he cen e o Aukš ai ijos na ional pa k, he illage o Ginūčių and i s name domina es mo e han one his o y, language o landscape. The mos impo an o hem is he unique geog aphical loca ion o he se lemen . Loca ed jus one kilome e om he amous Ginučiai hill, on which he cas le o Liñkmen was mos likely loca ed, Ginučiai was i s men ioned in 1373 in he Li onian Ch onicle by He mann Wa be g (He mano Va be gė) (SRP II, p. Būga I 262; Ba ū a 1966: 34; Tyla 1966: 1 Ginùčių pliakalnis is called Pliakalniu in he spoken language o he local popula ion. The i s eco ded use o he wo d "pagan" was in he 19 h cen u y, in he wo k o he Ge manic schola s o he ime, and i is also used in he wo k o o he schola s. E many ė, Eigminas 1966: 234; Riman ienė 1966: 17; The pu pose o his a icle is o es ablish and p o ide as The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) TFEU. LAIMUTIS BILKIS Ac a Linguis ica 116 Li huanian XC 24 […]25; S epona ičienė 312; LK 198 […]199; Ba anauskas 2003: 83; Ga liauskas hough 2004: 47–48)3. Tik iausiai dėl šios kaimo i piliakalnio giminys ės ne ka ą kel a ha he o igin o he name o he illage may be ela ed o he de ense o he cas le o Liñkmen, so he oikonimas Ginùčiai may ha e o igina ed om he ain. appealed o g[…]n i […] o lead wha a acked; I is also impo an o no e ha he Commission's p oposal o a di ec i e on he p o ec ion o wo ke s om he isks ela ed o exposu e o ca cinogens a wo k is based on he p inciple o p opo ionali y. Such a possibili y o o igin is based on he geog aphical loca ion o he illage - i is loca ed a he con luence o he lakes, by he s eam h ough which he oad om he no h o he cas le o Linkmen wen , so he e could ha e been a ba ie o allen ees in his place, p o ec ing he cas le a ea om unexpec ed enemies' a ack in 19664 (Ba u a: 39). The connec ion wi h he ain. gn i, appa en ly, can also be seen when his illage name is conside ed he su ix -u ediniu, al hough he di ec ly men ioned appella i e is no indica ed by he oo wo d (E many ė, Eigminas 1966: 231). On he o he hand, he e a e wo ks in which he oikonima Ginùčiai is conside ed o de i e om a d. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The e o e, he e a e easons o con inue and expand he s udy o he o igin o he place name. eliable a e sion o he o igin o he illage name as possible based on de ailed linguis ic and his o ical da a. In o de o do his, he aim is o egis e and analyze he his o ical insc ip ions o his oikonym, i s o ms eco ded om he li ing language, as well as o discuss he possibili ies o making and o igin o his o ical and con empo a y name a ian s in he b oade con ex o Li huanian and Whi e oponymy. In addi ion, an a emp is made o ind ou whe he he e we e any di ec connec ions be ween he place name and his o ical pe sonal names o he same oo . When e alua ing bo h hypo heses o o igin, a en ion is also d awn o he o igins and p oduc ion ends o place names in Li huania as a whole and in a pa icula e i o y, as well as o he p oduc ion ends o common wo ds. Resea ch on he o igin o Oikonim is closely ela ed o he peculia i ies o hei de elopmen , o he de elopmen o he se lemen s named a e hem. The e o e, in many wo ks o his giamasi pa eik i kuo išsamesnius gy enamųjų ie ų a dų už ašymo is o ijos na u e, he da a in he s encils, which can be use ul in de e mining he ue o igin, because he olde , his o ical, place name o ms may no coincide wi h he cu en ones. Fo his eason, esea ch on he o igin o he oikonyms o a ious languages is suppo ed by ch onologically p esen ed his o ical o ms o place names (plg. P zyby ek 1993; Vanagas 1996; Blažienė 2000, 2005; Bijak 2001: 16250; Wójcik 2001: 17192; Casemi 2 The wo k is unpublished, he exac ime o i s pe o mance is unknown. 3 Al hough he localiza ion o Li huanian cas les men ioned in ea ly his o ical sou ces is o en complex and aises many discussions (see Ju gai is 2005: 63[…]80), o he opinions abou he loca ion o he cas les o he Liñkmen we e no exp essed. 4 A en ion is also d awn o he ac ha he name o he illage is associa ed wi h de ense in an iqui y and people's gi ing: […]Ginučiai[…] […] he name o he illage a ose. Anksčiau, kai būda o ka ai, kai su ąs ais, su s ėlėmis ka iauda o, ai čia gynybos ie a bu o. I nuo o A icles by A icles 117 Dėl oikonimo Ginùčiai kilmės iš akų The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. In addi ion, he analysis o e ymologies is o en ca ied ou in he ligh o no only linguis ic bu also his o ical esea ch da a, which can p o ide addi ional aluable in o ma ion on he o igin and localiza ion o place names (see I oška 2016: 208 […] 225). The e o e, he pu pose o explaining he o igin o he oikonimo Ginùčiai is o de e mine he pe iod o he i s men ion o he a ea in he his o ical sou ces, o e eal he his o ical con ex o i s la e eco dings, o examine he names o he inhabi an s o he illages eco ded in he sou ces. The Li huanian o ms o he place name a e econs uc ed by compa ing he his o ical o ms ound wi h he ea u es o o he Li huanian oikonim insc ip ions o a simila pe iod and na u e in documen s. When de e mining which Li huanian co espondence is e lec ed in one o ano he non-Li huanian eco d, one elies on he many analogous ep esen a ions o ha co espondence eco ded in he his o ical Li huanian oikonimija. 2. His o ical eco ds o he Icon and GYVOSIOS LANGUAGE FORMS This is a lis o wo ds ha ha e been used in he English language. The i s men ion o he illage o Ginúčių is in he in en o y o he Liñkmenų alsčiaus o 1554 (LI 97[…]98; see also Tyla 1966: 25, 32; Ma ke ičius 2019: 357). The documen w i en in Polish men ions he se lemen o Sioło Giniu ańcie, loca ed one and a hal miles om he Liñkmenų mano , and also w i es he mos likely o m o he su name o siołem Giniu ańcow. A sligh ly di e en g aphic a ian was eco ded a once: o ha wsią wyżey named Giniu ancze. I is indeed he same p esen -day illage o Ginúčių, as e idenced by he coincidence o he loca ion o he lands belonging o he se lemen wi h he e i o y o he p esen -day Ginúčių: he land bo de s on S o ináičio ( om he S awińćia lake), Amajo ( om he Olnia lake), Asko ( om he Osaki Osem lake), Ukõjo ( om he Ukaju lake), Ližkmeno ( om he Łyngmianskiego lake), Eže ais, S o s ( om he S awiński i e ) and Upučakal. I is also s a ed ha h ee amilies li ed in he illage a ha ime: S as Maciulem Jakubowicz(em), Ma el Pik ewicz p zysiężny5 z Pio em b a em, S aniel Pie aszkiewicz z Maciejewicz z H yczem b a em (LI 98). The place o esidence is men ioned wice and in he in en o y o he Liñkmenų mano o 1636, hen belonging o he Vlnia communi y: desc ibing he se lemen s belonging o he mano , i is w i en Sioło Giniu an and he inhabi an s Waluk Rozÿ, Pio S aszen, Sciepan Woszkun, Paweł Sze zan, Paweł Sze mian Mina , Pio Sze zan, S anisław Mina , Ian ka wel, V ban Szauhozda6, Pe uc Gažac, V ban Kisiel, Iu ko S akun, Adam S asun (VTII 23) (also see he i s pain ing). 5 Tha is, he will swea . 6 The name is di icul o ead, so o he a ian s a e possible. LAIMUTIS BILKIS 118 o he Li huanian Language Ac XC 1 PAV. O he A agmen o he 1636 in en o y o he Vilnius egion, in which he illage o Ginu ėnai (Sioło Giniu ėnai) and i s inhabi an s a e eco ded. VUBRS, F1-F14 In he same sou ce, a sligh ly di e en o m o he su name is gi en when lis ing he sea o he illage o Ginučiai: od Sioła Ginu ow (VTII 24). The illage (Wies Ginu any) is also men ioned in a simila desc ip ion o he Liñkmenų mano o 1732, indica ing ha he e we e ou indi iduals (Dymy) whose heads we e named K zysz o Gayzuc, Ioze Na kun, Pio Giagis, Mikal Rukas (VIIIT 5) (see also pic u e 2). S aipsniai / A icles 119 Dėl oikonimo Ginùčiai kilmės iš akų 2 PAV. Vilniaus ijūnijos 1732 me ų in en o iaus agmen as, ku iame už ašy as The illage o Ginu ėnai (Wies Ginu any) and i s a me s and inhabi an s. The ollowing is a lis o no able people who we e bo n in, esiden s o , o o he wise closely associa ed wi h he own o Gun u : Hen y B. Gun u (d.1938 - d.1938), au ho o "The Gun u Massac e" (c.1938), au ho o "The Gun u Massac e" (d.1938), au ho o "The Gun u Massac e" (d.1938), Gin eny 1731 (LkmK I 79), de Vila ginu y 1734 (LkmK I 86), de Ginu any 1740 au ho o "The Gun u Massac e" (d.1938), au ho o "The Gun u Massac e" (d.1938), au ho o "The Gun u Massac e" (d.1938), au ho o "The Gun u Massac e" (d.1945). The ollowing species a e included in his ca ego y: he ollowing species a e included in his ca ego y: he ollowing species a e included in his ca ego y: he ollowing species a e included in his ca ego y: he ollowing species a e included in his ca ego y: he ollowing species a e included in his ca ego y: he ollowing species a e included in his ca ego y: he ollowing species a e included in his ca ego y: The place o esidence is also men ioned in he isi a ion documen s o he pa ish o Liñkmenė o 1783 as a illage belonging o he Liñkmenė mano Gienu any (B slDV 139) is a species o lowe ing plan in he daisy amily. LAIMUTIS BILKIS 120 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XC 3 PAV. O he In he i s hal o he 19 h cen u y, a numbe o heo ies eme ged abou he o igin o he e m, such as he e m "Pla inum" (Pla inum) was used o he i s ime in he 19 h cen u y, and he e m "Pla inum" (Pla inum) was used o he i s ime in he 20 h cen u y.Pla inum (Pla inum) was used o he i s ime in (PlšJnI 6), деревни Гинутанъ 1852 (PlšJnII 19), въ дер[евни] Гинутаны 1856 he 20 h cen u y. This esiden ial a ea was included in he adminis a i e dis ic s o he i s hal o he 20 h cen u y. The illage o Ginu a, belonging o he Liñkmenų alley o Š enčioni dis ic (VGGS 2888) is eco ded in he 1905 census o se lemen s o he Vilnius Go e no a e, and al eady in he ime o he Republic o Li huania, acco ding o he da a o he 1923 census, i is eco ded as Ginučių km. in he U enõs dis ic . In he illage o Liñkmenų (LAV 4349). The i s w i en eco ds o he oikonimo om he li ing language da e back o he i s hal o he 20 h cen u y: Ginùčiai (BgK), (VB VII 64), Ginučių kaimas10 1935 (LŽVA). I has been eco ded se e al imes since hen. The illage o Ginučiai in 1974, Ginùčiai in 1977 (VK). In addi ion, he name o he se lemen is also e lec ed in i s de i a i e composi e place names Ginúčių gi ià 1962, Ginúčių pliakalnis 1977, Ginúčių upẽlis 1964, 1977 (VK). I is desc ibed as a illage wi h 23 a ms, 150 Ca holics and 10 Jews. Acco ding o he sou ce, he illage had 204 inhabi an s, 108 men and 96 women. Acco ding o he da a o he Minis y o Ag icul u e, he e we e 42 a ms and 225 inhabi an s in 1923. 10 W i en by eache Teklė Šemelienė om he illage esiden An anas Ruko. A icles o he 121s Dėl oikonimo Ginùčiai kilmės iš akų 3. In e p e a ion o he his o ical da a Analysis o his o ical eco ds sugges s ha se e al a ian s o his name we e used in he pas . His oo s Gin ik umas does no aise any majo doub s. I is possible o dis inguish he e only he o m Gienu any eco ded in he Polish documen s o he isi o 1783. In he case o he Uni ed S a es, he Uni ed Kingdom, and he Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, and he Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, and he Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, and he Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, and he Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, and he Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, and he Uni ed Kingdom, a e membe s o he Uni ed Kingdom. Widgie y om 1679, 1683 (= An ãbal ė), Wies An ylgie 1699, de Vn ylgie 1711, An ylgie 1744, de Un ylgie 1803–1808 (= Paud u ) (Mickienė, Venislo ai ė 2011: 159). Ki a e us, is o- 1684 […] 1692, Widgie ÿ 1679, 1681 […] 1682, 1684 […] 1692 (= Vdgi iai) (Maciejauskienė 2009: 183) This is he i s ime ha he e m has been used in he English language. All o he insc ip ions o he oikonimo, including he i s Sioło Giniu ańcie, wi h he oo Gin-, show ha he insc ip ion wi h Gienė a is a li ing language. I is wo h men ioning he his o ical o ms o he place name om he 18 h cen u y wi h he beginning o he wo d k, K: de illa kinucie 1757, de Kinu any 1760, 1763, 1764. These insc ip ions do no in any way change he ce ain y o he Li huanian o m wi h he beginning G, because hey e lec he a ely occu ing g […] k kai ą in he me ics o he Liñkmen, which appea ed o he sc ibe badly hea d o no clea ly w i en, see he insc ip ions o Gimba yszki 1765 (LkmIII 39 = Kimbõ iškė), dewniszki (LkmIII 71) o Pan. How many mo e unce ain ies a ise due o he o ms ound in he sou ces o he his o y o he 16 h and 17 h cen u ies wi h he s one Giniu -: Sioło Giniu ańcie, za siołem Giniu ańcow, za ą wsią wyżey mianowaną Giniu ancze, Sioło Giniu anÿ. This insc ip ion is epea ed once in he i s hal o he 18 h cen u y, e.g. ex illa giniu zen 1729. The p e ix -u -K uč- usually p eceding he p e ix -le is no abb e ia ed in his o ical eco ds, e.g. de Gi ućie 1751 (Š nčK I 11), de Gi ucie 1755 (Š nčK II 23) (= Gi ùčiai), de Kukucie 1755 (T 3), de Kukuci 1762 (T 52) (= Kukučia), de Sziku iszki 1742 (LkmK II 13), de Szyku y 2747 (LkmK II 27), de Szykucie 1755 (Lkm K II 175), and o Szyku zki 497 (Lkm K II) LAIMUTIS BILKIS 122 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XC This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The ollowing is an ex ac om he epo : (i) In he Uni ed Kingdom, he numbe o people wi h disabili ies is es ima ed o be in he ens o housands, (ii) In he Uni ed Kingdom, he numbe o people wi h disabili ies is es ima ed o be in he ens o housands, (iii) In he Uni ed Kingdom, he numbe o people wi h disabili ies is es ima ed o be in he ens o housands, (i ) Howe e , he e ha e also been cases whe e -iu - is speci ied, e.g. In he 16 h cen u y, he Machu Picchu, he Machu Picchu, he Machu Picchu, he Machu Picchu, he Machu Picchu, he Machu Picchu, he Machu Picchu, he Machu Picchu, he Machu Picchu, he Machu Picchu, he Machu Picchu, he Machu Picchu, he Machu Picchu, he Machu Picchu Picchu, he Mažùčiai) (Maciejauskienė 2009: 17511). Ieškan analogijų a k eip inas dėmesys Machu Picchu Picchu, he Machu Picchu Picchu, he Machu Picchu Picchu, he Machu Picchu Picchu, he Machu Picchu Picchu, he Machu Picchu Picchu, he Machu Picchu gy enamosios ie os a das kildin inas iš a d. Janukonis, už iksuo o bu usiame Picchu and he Machu Picchu. This Pab ads illage (LPDB), o which he a o emen ioned se lemen o Pa ó e ė pa ish belonged, has no su i ed o he p esen day. Thus, in his case, i is possible o suspec he ans e o he -uk- ( agmen -nuk-) om he subsequen p e ix -nuk- o he -iuk- (-niuk-). The e o e, he insc ip ions Sioło Giniu ańcie, za siołem Giniu ańcow, za ą wsią wyżey mianowaną Giniu ancze, Sioło Giniu anÿ, ex illa giniu zen may be due o [n] so ening12 he eme gence o such a su ix - e lec ing he same examples, occu ing nex o he mo e common his o ical a ian s wi h Ginu . The ollowing is a lis o no able people who we e ei he bo n in, li ed in, a e cu en esiden s o , o a e o he wise closely associa ed wi h he ci y o New Yo k.The ollowing is a lis o no able people who we e ei he bo n in, a e cu en esiden s o , o a e o he wise closely associa ed wi h New Yo k Ci y. (en) (De ails om Wikipedia, he ee encyclopedia) Howe e , he his o ical a ian s o he oikonimo de Villa Ginu eny and de Villa Gin eny, de Villa Gin ieny, which he sc ibe abb e ia ed om Ginu eny, Ginu ieny, qui e clea ly imply ain. The au ho o he a icle also d aws a en ion o he ac ha i is p ecisely his o m ha allows he econs uc ion o he names o se lemen s wi h he p e ix -ena, which ha e su i ed o he p esen day, o be ansmi ed in he same places. 12 In Polish, be o e balsius (excluding [i]), he consonan minkš asis [n] is w i en wi h he sign o so ness i. A icles o he 129 h Dėl oikonimo Ginùčiai kilmės iš akų SUBRUMINATION o he name […] pe sonal name dab. […] cu en dial. […] kilm. – kilmininkas dialec o Li huanian. […] Li huanian p d. . sa . – ajono sa i aldybė The name o he dis ic . […] depu y o he VLS. […] peasan s LITERATURA and yellow AdK II […] 2.a Księga Me yk Ch zes nych Ko[…]cioła Pa a ialnego Hoduciskiego F om he yea 1688 o he p esen day, he pa ish chu ch o Hoduciskiego is loca ed in he dis ic o Od. 7 Ma ch […] 23 d o he yea 1699. The 23 d o Augus . The book was published by he publishing house "Dak a a džų da ybos aida" (Vilnius: Mokslo i enciklopedijų leidykla) in 1993. In he yea 2000 he was awa ded he p es igious Daik a a džių Da ybos Raida 2, Vilnius Ins i u e o Science and Encyclopedias Publishing. Ba anauskas, Tomas, 2003: Li huanian wooden cas le, acco ding o w i en sou ces. – Lie u os a cheologija 24, 57–106. Ba ū a Romas 1966: Linkmenos cas le and coun yside de ense om he 13 h o he 15 h cen u y. […] Ignalina egion, Vilnius: Vaga, 34[…]42. Bijak U szula 2001: Nazwy miejscowe w południowej części dawnego wojewódz wa mazowieckiego, K aków: Wydawnic wo Naukowe DWN. I is loca ed in he sou he n pa o he dawnego wojewódz wa mazowieckiego, K aków. Bilkis Laimu is 2008: The wo k o he Li huanian Hellenis s. The Li huanian Language Ins i u e, Vilnius, is he place whe e he lec u es and lec u es a e held. "Bilkis Laimu is" (2012): "Because o some Li huanian oikonim's wo k and o igin." […] Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 66, 99[…]118. This is he i s ime ha he Ac has been amended. Blažienė G asilda 2000: Die bal ischen O snamen im Samland (Hyd onymia Eu opaea, Sonde band II), also known as he "Hyd onymia Eu opaea", is a collec ion o poems by Blažienė G asilda. W. P. Schmid, S u ga , published by F anz S eine . LAIMUTIS BILKIS 130 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XC Blažienė G asilda 2005: Bal ische O snamen in Os p eußen (= Hyd onymia Eu opaea, I'm no going o lie o you. W. P. Schmid, S u ga , published by F anz S eine . B slDV […] Visi o he Deane y o B eslau in 1782-1783, pa . R. Fi ko ičius, Vilnius: Li huanian Ca holic Academy o Sciences, 2008. B žK I […] [Bi žų bažnyčios bap ismal book om 1869 o 1878], LVIA, F. 1336, Ap. 1, B. 4. B žK II […] [Ch is mas book o he Chu ch o Bi žų 1886-1892], LVIA, F. Būga I – Būga Kazimie as. Rink iniai aš ai 1, Vilnius: Vals ybinė poli inės i moksli- 1336, Ap. 1, B. 8. The publishing house o li e a u e, 1958. DglšK […] Book o he Me ic o he Ch is ian Chu ch o he Pa ish o Dawgieliskiego om he yea 1774. Janua y (ii). Un il he yea 1790. May: 2nd day o he LVIA, F. 1329, Ap. 1, B. and 10. The book o connec ions o he De eniškės chu ches 1757-1772, LVIA, F. 1360, Ap. 1, B. and 13. The book o he dea hs o he Di ine Chu ches in 1892-1899, LVIA, F. 1360, No. 1, B. 17. E many ė I ena, Eigminas Kazimie as 1966: Vie o a džiai, also known as E many ė I ena, Eigminas Kazimie as, also known as E many ė I ena, Eigminas Kazimie as […] The dis ic o Ignalina, Vilnius: Vaga, 228 […] 241. The book is published by he Ins i u e o Science and Encyclopedia Publishing, Vilnius, Vilnius. The name o he illage is de i ed om he name o he Tau agni illage in he his o ical sou ces. […] Tau agnai, Vilnius: Ve smė, 1041[…]1063, which is loca ed in he dis ic o Vilnius. IAK […] The a chi e o his o ical pe sonal names. I is s o ed in he Li huanian Language Ins i u e's Bal ic Languages and Va dino Resea ch Cen e. IVK […] His o ical place names a chi e. I is s o ed in he Li huanian Language Ins i u e's Bal ic Languages and Va dino Resea ch Cen e. I o Da ius 2016: Obse a ions on he p oblem o he Bal ic names wes o he Weichsel. […] Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 74, 208 […] 225. This is he i s ime ha he Ac has been amended. Jü gen We ne , he ounde o he Middle Ages. P oblems o localiza ion o des oyed cas les. […] Wo k and days 44, 63[…]80. Kačinai ė Dalia 2009: P iesaginės da ybos lie u ių o onimai: dak a o dise acija, Vilnius: Vy au o Didžiojo uni e si e as, Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as. In 1910, he Li huanian wa d wi h 15,000 wa ds in Tilžė was ounded. This is O o . Maude od. Khad -e-Jawd (1960): The phone ics o he language o he Linkmen. […] Spoken by 2, 6[…]31. A icles by A icles 131 Dėl oikonimo Ginùčiai kilmės iš akų KGGS […] Lis o se lemen s in he Ko enskoye Go e no a e [Spisok[…] naselennych[…] mes […] Ko enskoj Gube nii], Ko na: In he ypog aphy o he Go e no a e o P a lenia [Ko na: V[…] Typog aphy o he Go e no a e o P a lenia], 1892. LAV […] Li huanian se lemen s, Kaunas: A. Bako p in ing house, 1925. I […] The his o ical a chi es 1. In en o ies o Li huania in he 16 h cen u y, sud. K. Jablonskis, Kaunas: […]Meno[…] p in ing house, acc. b- he p in ing house o […]Va pas[…], 1934. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The Li onian Ch onicle, by J. Ju ginis, om Vilnius: The science, 1991. LKG I […] G amma o he Li huanian language 1, au . A. Laigonai ė, V. Mažiulis, K. Ul ydas, V. U bu is, V. Vai ke ičiū ė, A. Valeckienė, edi ed by K. Ul ydas, who is also he au ho o he book. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. LkmJnII […] Book o he Me ic o he Holy Chu ch o he Pa ish o Lyngmiansk om he yea 1740. On he 3 d o June, 1760. The 9 h o No embe . The day. I is kep in he a chi es o he Linkmens chu ch. LkmK I […] Book o he Me ic o he Ch is ian Chu ches o he Pa ish o Lyngmiansk om he yea 1708. Janua y 10 h, 1740 - Ap il 24 h I is kep in he a chi es o he Linkmens chu ch. LkmK II […] Book o he Me ic o he Ch is ian Chu ches o he Pa ish o Lyngmiansk om he yea 1740. May he 22nd day o Roku 1760. The 24 h o Oc obe . I is kep in he a chi es o he Linkmens chu ch. LkmK III – Księga Me yk Ch zes nych Kosćioła Pa a ialnego Łyngmiańskiego od Roku 1760. On he nin h day o No embe in he yea one housand nine hund ed and nine y. On he 25 h o No embe . I is kep in he a chi es o he Linkmens chu ch. LPDB […] Li huanian su name da abase. I is a ailable on he In e ne a : h ps: www.ekalba.l . LpK […] [Ch is mas book o he chu ch o Leipaling in 1674-1679], LVIA, F. 1623, App. 1, B. 3. LP I […] Li huanian su name dic iona y 1, au ho ed by V. Maciejauskienė, M. Razmukai ė, A. Vanagas, a s. ed. A. Vanagas, Vilnius: Science, 1985. He is a membe o he boa d o di ec o s o he Vilnius Uni e si y. LV GDB […] Geoin o ma ion da abase o Li huanian place names. I is a ailable on he In e ne a : h ps: www.ekalba.l /lie u os- ie o a dziu-geoin o macine-duomenu-baze. LVŽ III […] Li huanian dic iona y o place names 3, au ho ed by V. Adamony ė, L. Bilkis, G. Blažienė, D. D. S ide skienė, a s. ed. L. Bilkis, Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as, 2018. Kačinai ė-V ubliauskienė, M. No kai ienė, A. Ragauskai ė, M. Razmukai ė, LŽVA […] Li huanian land name ques ionnai es. P ese ed in he a chi es o he Ins i u e o Li huanian Language, he Cen e o he S udy o Bal ic Languages and Va dy. LAIMUTIS BILKIS 132 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XC This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Maciejuskienė-Vi alija, Oikonomi o he pa ishes o Lankeliškiai in he chu ch book o he se en een h cen u y. […]A chi um Li huanicum 11, 159[…]188. […]A chi um Li huanicum 11, 159[…]188. […]A chi um Li huanicum 11, 159[…]188. […]A chi um Li huanicum 11, 159[…]188. […]A chi um Li huanicum […] is loca ed in he dis ic o he same name. Ma hews, M. R. 2019: The Land o Ignalina. - The Land o Ignalina, M. R. 2019: The Land o Ignalina, M. R. 2019: The Land o Ignalina, M. R. 2019: The Land o Ignalina, M. R. 2019: The Land o Ignalina, M. R. 2019: The Land o Ignalina, M. R. 2019: The Land o Ignalina, M. R. R. His o ical and s a is ical o e iew o places in he pas cen u ies, Vilnius: "Diemedžio" publishing house. Mykola I ano na Vasilie a, he daugh e o he la e 19 h and ea ly 20 h cen u ies, was bo n in he illage o Mykola I ano na. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. PALIONIUS JONAS, The pe sonal names and place names o he pa ish o Punias, Vilnius, second hal o he se en een h cen u y: Ins i u e o Science and Encyclopedias Publishing. Palionis Jonas 2008: Pe sonal names and place names o he pa ish o Punias in he i s hal o he 17 h cen u y […] 18 h cen u y, Vilnius: Vilnius Uni e si y. Pė e ai is Vilius 1997: Mino Li huanian and T anks os places, Vilnius: Mino Li huanian Founda ion, Ins i u e o Science and Encyclopedia Publishing. PlšJnI […] [Book o connec ions o he Palūšės chu ch om 1800 o 1819], LVIA, F. 1330, Ap. 1, B. 2. PlšJnII […] Me ic book 1848[…]1868 B acom-associa ed [Me ic book 1848[…]1868 B akom[…]-associa ed] [Book o he me ge o he Palūšės chu ches 1848[…]1868 yea s LVIA, F. 1330, Re . 1, B. 12. PlšK I […] Book o he Me ic o he Chu ches o he Pa ish o Poland. F om he yea 1800 o he yea 1821, LVIA, F. 1330, Ap. 1, B. 1. The ollowing able is inse ed: PlšK II […] [Ch is mas book o he Palūšės chu ch om 1854 o 1860], LVIA, F. 1330, Ap. 1, B. 14. PlšK III […] [Ch is mas book o he Palūšės chu ch om 1885 o 1897], LVIA, F. 1330, Ap. 1, B. 18. P zyby ek Rozalia 1993: O snamen bal ische He kun im südlichen Teil Os p eußens. I is loca ed in he sou he n pa o he coun y. (Nazwy miejscowe pochodzenia bał yckiego w południowej części P us Wschodnich) (Hyd onymia Eu opaea. Razmukai ė Ma ija 1993: Oikonimų, a si adusių iš asmen a džių su pa onimi- Sonde band), S u ga : F anz S eine Ve lag. This is he i s ime ha he e m has been used in his way. no p ecep s, widesp ead in Li huania. […] Li huanian language ques ions 32, 133[…]165. Razmukai ė Ma ija 1998: Li huanian heses: doc o al disse a ion, Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e, Vy au as Didžiojas Uni e si y. She is a membe o he boa d o di ec o s o he Li huanian Academy o Sciences. The Rimini-Rimou i a chaeological si e in 1966 […] Ignalina dis ic o Vilnius: Vaga, 16[…]21. SG II […] Słownik geog aphical Kingdom o Poland and o he Slo ak coun ies 2, Wa saw: he wo k o Philip Sulimie ski and Władysław Walewski, 1881. In he case o he Uni ed S a es, he e m "duplica e su name" is used in conjunc ion wi h "duplica e su name" and "duplica e su name" is used in conjunc ion wi h "duplica e su name" and "duplica e su name" in he Uni ed S a es. A icles o he 133 d Dėl oikonimo Ginùčiai kilmės iš akų SRP II […] Sc ip o es e um P ussica um. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion. The his o y o he P ussian pe iod un il he all o he O de o Lo ds, h sg. T. Hi sch, M. Töppen and E. S ehlke, who a e: Leipzig: Ve lag on S. Hi zel, 1863. S epona ičienė I ena: Li huanian place names in he documen s o he O de o he C osses and Li onia (machina e). I is kep in he Li huanian Language Ins i u e's Bal ic Languages and Va dino Resea ch Cen e. Š nčK I […] Book o he Me ics o he Ch is ian Chu ch o he Pa ish o Swabia om he yea 1749. Feb ua y 6: Un il he yea 1753. The 8 h o Ma ch. I is kep in he a chi es o Š enčionių chu ch. Š nčK II […] [Book o bap ismal eco ds o he pa ish chu ch o Š enčionių om 1753 o 1759] I is kep in he a chi es o Š enčionių chu ch. Tyla An anas 1966: The i s news abou he Linkmen dis ic . […] The egion o Ignalina, Vilnius: Vaga, 22[…]42. T kJn […] Libe Copula o um Ecclesiae pa ochialis Ty kszlensis Anno Domini 1814[…]1827, LVIA, F. 1453, Ap. This is he i s ime ha he Chu ch has been ecognized as a pa ish in he Uni ed Kingdom. 1, B. and 26. K […] Book o he Me ic o he Ch is ian Chu ch o he Twe e sky Pa ish since 1755. Janua y 1s , 1778. Ap il 1, LVIA, F. 1332, Ap. 1, B. 2. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. V. Vai ke ičius Vykin as, 2006: Ancien Li huanian sh ines and emples. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. Ins i u e o he His o y o Li huania. Vanagas Aleksand as 1970: Li huanian TSR hyd onym ac o y, Vilnius: Min is. He is a membe o he Li huanian Academy o Sciences. Vanagas Aleksand as 1996: Li huanian ci y names, Vilnius: Science and encyclopedic publishing house. VB […] Lis o se lemen s (buildings) o he Commission o Names and Loca ions o Li huania, (machinog aphy). P ese ed in he a chi es o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e, he Bal ic Languages and Va dino Resea ch Cen e . Wenzel Wal e 2017: The Sla ic Ea ly His o y o Saxony in he Ligh o he Names, Hambu g: Baa -Ve lag. VGGS […] Vilnius Go e no a e A comple e lis o se lemen s wi h s a is ical da a on each se lemen , compiled by he o icial egis e o I. I. Goshke ičem [Vilenskaja gube nija. Polnyj spisok naselennih s ěděnijam I. I. Goške ičem], Vilna: Go e no 's mes ’’ so s a is ičeskimi dannymi o každom’’ poselenii, sos a lennyj po o icial’nym’’ ypog aphia [Vilna: Gube nskaja] The ypog aphy, 1905. VK […] Li huanian place names w i en in he li ing language a chi e. I is s o ed in he Li huanian Language Ins i u e's Bal ic Languages and Va dino Resea ch Cen e. LAIMUTIS BILKIS 134 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XC This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Wójcik U szula 2001: Nazwy miejscowe dawnego wojewódz wa awskiego, Wa szawaK aków: Towa zys wo Naukowe Wa szawskie, Wydawnic wo Ins y u u Języka Polskiego (Wydawnic wo Ins y u u Języka Polskiego) is a Polish language school loca ed in he ci y o K akow. PAN. VTII […] Inwen a z Wszÿ[s] kiego Ciwun[…] wa Wilen[…]kiego... [In en o y o he 1636 yea o Vilnius], VUBRS, F1-F14. VTIII […] In en o y o he Ci y o Vilnius... [In en o y o he ci y o Vilnius in 1732], VUBRS, F1-F92. Zschieschang Ch is ian 2017: Das He s elde Zehn e zeichnis und die ümi elal e liche G enzsi ua ion an de mi le en Saale (The He s elde Zehn e zeichnis and he F ui ul Al e na i e Bo de Si ua ions a he Middle Saale) is a book by Ch is ian Zschang, which was published in 2017. Resea ch on he his o y and cul u e o eas e n Cen al Eu ope, Bd. Köln Weima Wien: Published by Bölau, 52. Land Au umn 2017: Small Li huanian pe sonal names (XVIII-XIX cen u y), Vilnius: VGTU publishing house Technika. An enna o he Yea 2019: The Genius o he Genius […] Saldu iškis, Vilnius: Ve smė, 595[…]648, is loca ed in he dis ic o Vilnius. On he O igin o he Oikonym Ginùčiai Summa y The illage o Ginučiai, loca ed in Eas e n Li huania, and i s name ha e a ac ed he in e es o his o ians, linguis s, and esea che s o local his o y due o i s in iguing geog aphical p oximi y o he enowned Ginučiai hill o . This hill o is belie ed o ha e housed he cas le o Linkmenys, i s men ioned in 1373 in he Li onian Ch onicle by He mann on Wa be g. The illage's close p oximi y o his signi ican his o ical si e has uelled specula ion abou he possible connec ion be ween he illage name's o igins and he de ence o Linkmenys cas le. The e o e, he e is a ecu ing conside a ion ha he oikonym Ginùčiai migh ha e o igina ed om he Li huanian appella i e gn i ‘ o sa e someone o some hing om an a ack; o epel an a ack. His o ical eco ds o he oikonym Ginùčiai e eal he use o wo o ms h oughou his o y: *Ginu ėnai and Ginùčiai. The a ian wi h he su ix -ena is conside ed he p ima y one, being he ea lies men ioned a ian da ing back o 1554, pe sis ing in common usage un il he beginning o he 20 h cen u y. The p esen -day oikonym Ginučiai was al eady known in he i s hal o he 17 h cen u y and gained equen use om 1734 onwa ds in he 18 h cen u y. G adually, i became uni e sally es ablished in common usage and adminis a i e documen s, solidi ying i s p e alence om he i s hal o he wen ie h cen u y. S aipsniai / A icles 135 Dėl oikonimo Ginùčiai kilmės iš akų The oikonym’s e ymology is in e wined wi h he ques o unco e he o igin o he p ima y a ian is Ginu ėnai. D awing on he endencies o wo d o ma ion and o igin o eponyms and o he oponyms o a simila s uc u e, he pa e ns o he o ma ion o appella i es wi h he su ix "-en" and he analysis o he pe sonal names wi h he same oo , we can s a e ha "en" can mos likely be quali ied as a plu al o m o "en" which is de i ed om he pa onymic pe sonal name "en." Se e al easons suppo pe sonal names plu al o m wi h he same su ix, such conclusions: 1) Li huanian oikonyms wi h he su ix -ėnai a e o en o med om he and such ype o wo d o ma ion is mos widesp ead in Eas e n Li huania; 2) his o ical and con empo a y an h oponymy a es s o he pe sonal name Ginù is, he base wo d o he pe sonal name *Ginu ėnas, which may se e as he base wo d o he oikonym in ques ion; 3) he e a e no o he Li huanian oikonyms and o he oponyms o med wi h he su ix -ėnai om he de e ba i es o he ca ego y o names deno ing he possesso s o a e bal p ope y and he appella i es o he simila na u e. The e is unce ain y as o whe he he la e illage name Ginučiai, lacking he su ix -ėnai, can be di ec ly linked o he plu al o m o he pe sonal name Ginu ius a es ed in Li huanian his o ical and con empo a y an h oponymy. This an h oponym is no documen ed in Ginučiai illage, he Linkmenys mano a ea, o he Linkmenys pa ish in he 16 h-18 h cen u ies, sugges ing i s disappea ance om common usage in his a ea much ea lie . The analysis o he pa ish oikonyms wi h he su ix sugges s ha du ing he 17 h and 18 h cen u ies, he a ian gin may ha e eme ged due o a endency o in e changeable use o bo h o ms wi h and wi hou he su ix wi hin ha pe iod. Conside ing he p obable o igin o he oikonym, he e is unce ain y as o whe he he cu en illage name Ginučiai can be di ec ly de i ed om he e b " o sa e someone o some hing om an a ack." o epel an a ack o he likely Li huanian de e ba i e *ginu is. I s link wi h Li h. The only way o ge id o i is o use he name o he pe son you a e alking o (e.g. Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny, Ginny. o a kind used in mo o ehicles (g […]na) This is no he case. Deli e ed on 25 Oc obe 2023. LAIMUTIS BILKIS Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as This is he case in he case o Pe o Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Li huania.