Evolution of Abstracting Metaphors in Modern Japanese J-pop Lyrics: Analysis of Linguistic Devices

310 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI FINCE L. SAMBEKA Uni e si as Nege i Manado ORCID id: o cid.o g/0009-0008-6517-5115 Field o esea ch: Sociolinguis ics. MUHAMMAD I. ALI Uni e si as Nege i Manado ORCID id: o cid.o g/0009-0000-7700-7276 Field o esea ch: Li e a y Analysis. DOI: doi.o g/10.35321/all91-13 EVOLUTION OF ABSTRACTING METAPHORS IN MODERN JAPANESE J-POP LYRICS: ANALYSIS OF LINGUISTIC DEVICES Abs ahuojančių me a o ų aida šiuolaikiniuose japonų J-pop dainų eks uose: kalbos p iemonių analizė ANNOTATION This s udy in es iga es he use o me apho ical language in he second single by 25ji Nigh co d de, ocusing on he iden i ica ion and analysis o di e en me apho ypes and hei exp essions. Th ough quali a i e desc ip i e analysis employing lis ening and eco ding echniques, combined wi h a e e en ial pai ing me hod, he s udy e eals h ee dis inc ca ego ies o me apho s. The indings demons a e a p edominan use o abs ac ing me apho s (18 ins ances), ollowed by an h opomo phic me apho s (3 ins ances), and synes he ic me apho s (1 ins ance). Analysis o hese 22 me apho ical exp essions e eals di e se seman ic in e p e a ions ha con ibu e o he song’s a is ic and emo ional dep h. The p e alence o abs ac ing me apho s sugges s a endency owa d concep ual abs ac ion in con empo a y songw i ing. Fu u e esea ch could explo e he e olu ion o me apho ical S aipsniai / A icles 311 E olu ion o Abs ac ing Me apho s in Mode n Japanese J-pop Ly ics: Analysis o Linguis ic De ices pa e ns ac oss mul iple singles o compa e me apho ical usage ac oss di e en musical gen es wi hin simila linguis ic con ex s. KEYWORDS: Me apho ical analysis, Song ly ics, Language s yle, Abs ac ing me apho s, Con empo a y songw i ing. ANOTACIJA Šiame y ime nag inėjamas me a o inės kalbos a ojimas an ajame „25ji Nigh co d de“ single, daugiausia dėmesio ski ian ski ingų me a o ų ipų i jų iš aiškų iden i ika- imui i analizei. A liekan kokybinę ap ašomąją analizę, aikan klausymo i į ašymo me o- dus, de i namus su e e en inio po a imo me odu, y imas a skleidžia is ski ingas me a- o ų ka ego ijas. Ty imo ezul a ai odo, kad y auja abs ahuojančios me a o os (18 a ejų), an opomo inės me a o os (3 a ejai) i sines ezinė me a o a (1 a ejis). Šių 22 me a o inių iš aiškų analizė a skleidžia į ai ias seman ines in e p e acijas, ku ios p isideda p ie dainos meninės i emocinės gelmės. Abs ahuojančių me a o ų papli imas odo, kad šiuolaikinėje dainų kū yboje y auja polinkis į koncep ualiąją abs akciją. A ei ies y imai galė ų išanali- zuo i me a o inių modelių aidą keliuose singluose a ba palygin i ski ingų muzikinių žan ų me a o ų a ojimą panašiuose kalbiniuose kon eks uose. ESMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: me a o ų analizė, dainų eks ai, kalbos s ilius, me a o ų abs aha imas, šiuolaikinė dainų kū yba. INTRODUCTION Language s ands as humani y’s undamen al b idge o emo ional exp ession and in e pe sonal connec ion, se ing as he p ima y condui h ough which indi iduals sha e hei inne mos hough s, eelings, and expe iences wi h he wo ld a ound hem. In he inc easingly digi al landscape o he 21s cen u y, his exp essi e capaci y has e ol ed a beyond adi ional e bal and w i en communica ion, inding new o ms and meanings in he in e sec ion o echnology and a is ic exp ession (Zhang, Ma sumo o 2023). The p oli e a ion o digi al pla o ms and i ual pe sonali ies has c ea ed unp eceden ed oppo uni ies o emo ional a icula ion, pa icula ly wi hin he ealm o musical composi ion and pe o mance. Wi hin his e ol ing landscape o digi al exp ession, Japan has eme ged as a pionee ing o ce in he usion o adi ional a is ic exp ession and echnological inno a ion. The de elopmen o Vocaloid echnology by Yamaha Co po a ion FINCE L. SAMBEKA, MUHAMMAD I. ALI 312 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI ep esen s a wa e shed momen in his e olu ion, ans o ming he e y na u e o musical c ea ion by in oducing i ual singe s capable o deli e ing emo ional pe o mances h ough sophis ica ed ocal syn hesis (Yamamo o, Suzuki 2020). This echnological b eak h ough has no only e olu ionized he music p oduc ion p ocess bu has also gi en ise o en i ely new o ms o cul u al exp ession and communi y engagemen , pa icula ly wi hin Japan’s ib an digi al en e ainmen ecosys em. The eme gence o mobile gaming pla o ms ha inco po a e Vocaloid echnology, exempli ied by “P ojec Sekai Colo ul S age”, has u he expanded he bounda ies o digi al musical exp ession. These pla o ms ha e c ea ed unique spaces whe e i ual pe o me s and o iginal cha ac e s collabo a e in he deli e y o emo ionally esonan musical expe iences. The sophis ica ion o hese i ual pe o mances has eached a le el whe e he dis inc ion be ween human and syn he ic exp ession becomes inc easingly blu ed, allowing o new o ms o emo ional connec ion and a is ic app ecia ion (Chen e al. 2021). Among he a ious musical uni s wi hin his digi al landscape, Nigh co d a 25:00 (25時、ナイトコードで) has dis inguished i sel h ough i s p o ound explo a ion o complex psychological hemes and emo ional s a es. The g oup’s composi ions demons a e a mas e ul use o me apho ical language o add ess sensi i e opics such as dep ession, social isola ion, and he sea ch o pe sonal iden i y (Kim, Lee 2022). These hemes, while uni e sal in hei human ele ance, ake on new dimensions when exp essed h ough he medium o i ual pe o me s, c ea ing a unique space o emo ional explo a ion and connec ion. The use o me apho wi hin Nigh co d a 25:00’s composi ions ep esen s a sophis ica ed app oach o emo ional exp ession ha me i s ca e ul academic examina ion. Th ough ca e ully cons uc ed me apho ical amewo ks, he g oup’s ly ics c ea e mul iple laye s o meaning ha allow lis ene s o engage wi h di icul emo ional con en in ways ha migh be o he wise inaccessible o o e whelming. The i ual na u e o he pe o me s adds an addi ional laye o psychological dis ance ha pa adoxically enables close emo ional engagemen wi h challenging hemes (Rod iguez, Tanaka 2024). The ela ionship be ween me apho ical exp ession and emo ional impac in i ual singe pe o mances aises impo an ques ions abou he na u e o a is ic communica ion in he digi al age (Ke a 2010). The abili y o i ual pe o me s o con ey genuine emo ional dep h h ough ca e ully c a ed me apho ical language challenges adi ional assump ions abou he equi emen s o au hen ic a is ic exp ession. This phenomenon sugges s new possibili ies o emo ional communica ion and psychological suppo h ough digi al mediums, S aipsniai / A icles 313 E olu ion o Abs ac ing Me apho s in Mode n Japanese J-pop Ly ics: Analysis o Linguis ic De ices pa icula ly o younge gene a ions who may eel mo e com o able engaging wi h sensi i e opics h ough i ual in e media ies. Recen s udies ha e demons a ed ha he use o me apho ical language in i ual singe pla o ms can se e as a powe ul ool o add essing men al heal h conce ns and emo ional s uggles, pa icula ly among younge audiences (Chen e al. 2021). The combina ion o sophis ica ed linguis ic de ices wi h i ual pe o mance c ea es a unique o m o emo ional sca olding ha allows lis ene s o explo e and p ocess hei own expe iences h ough he lens o me apho ical exp ession. This app oach has p o en pa icula ly e ec i e in Japanese you h cul u e, whe e di ec discussion o men al heal h issues may ace cul u al ba ie s. The examina ion o me apho ical cons uc ions in Nigh co d a 25:00’s composi ions e eals he in ica e ways in which language, echnology, and emo ion in e sec in con empo a y digi al cul u e. By analyzing he speci ic ypes o me apho s employed and hei seman ic ela ionships o in ended meanings, we can be e unde s and how i ual pla o ms acili a e emo ional exp ession and connec ion in he mode n e a. This unde s anding has impo an implica ions o bo h a is ic c ea ion and he apeu ic applica ions in digi al con ex s. The b oade implica ions o his esea ch ex end beyond he immedia e con ex o i ual singe pla o ms, ouching upon undamen al ques ions abou he na u e o emo ional exp ession and human connec ion in an inc easingly digi al wo ld. As i ual pe o mances and digi al communica ion con inue o play a la ge ole in global cul u e, unde s anding how me apho ical language unc ions wi hin hese con ex s becomes inc easingly c ucial. This knowledge can in o m he de elopmen o mo e e ec i e digi al pla o ms o emo ional exp ession and suppo , while also con ibu ing o ou b oade unde s anding o how language and echnology shape human expe ience in he 21s cen u y. 1. LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1. Me apho Analysis Me apho is one o he s udies in seman ics, namely language s yle (Masoko 2019). A me apho is a compa ison be ween wo hings ha a e used (mel ed) o a di ec compa ison because o simila i ies o simila i ies ha a e conc e e ( eal) o in ui i e o pe cep ual (Ullmann 2011: 119–120). Me apho in Japanese FINCE L. SAMBEKA, MUHAMMAD I. ALI 314 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI is called inyu (隠喩). In he book Yoku Waka u Gengogaku Nyumon (Machida, Yosuke 1997: 112) he de ini ion o me apho is: 隠喩「メタファー」２つ の事物．概念の何らかの類似性に基づき、一方の事物．概念を表す語で、 他方の事物概念を表すという比喩です。 Fu a su no ko omono, gainen no nan akano ujisei ni mo ozuki, ippo no ko omono, gainen wo a awasu go de, ahou no ko omono, gainen wo a awasu o iu hiyu desu. “Me apho is a s yle o language ha exp esses one hing o ma e wi h ano he based on simila i ies in na u e o concep .” Types o me apho s acco ding o S ephan Ullmann a e: 1) An h opomo phic Me apho s a e exp essions ha e e o inanima e objec s by way o ans e om human bodies and limbs o human senses and eelings; 2) Synes he ic Me apho , is a ans e ence o ans e o one sense o ano he ; 3) Me apho ical Abs ac ing, is he opposi e o abs ac hings being ea ed as some hing anima e so ha hey can ac conc e ely o anima e; 4) Animal Me apho , his me apho uses some hing ela ed o animals o image some hing else. I is gene ally based on a ai ly ob ious esemblance in a o m ha lacks s ong exp essi eness. Me apho s o e come he sho comings and limi a ions o he lexicon, p o ide in e es and a oid mono ony (Edy 2011). In each ype o me apho , he e is a meaning o he me apho ical exp ession. The meaning can be unde s ood based on he lingual uni s ha make i up, he e o e he me apho ical exp ession is in line wi h wha is me apho ized be ween he one who makes he me apho and he one who eads i . 1.2. The E olu ion and Cogni i e Founda ion o Me apho ical Unde s anding T adi ional iews o me apho ha e signi ican ly e ol ed, mo ing om i s ea ly ole as a simple compa a i e de ice o i s cu en ecogni ion as a undamen al cogni i e mechanism (Lako , Johnson 2003). While ea ly heo is s like Ullmann es ablished he g oundwo k by de ining me apho as a used compa ison be ween objec s o concep s (隠喩, inyu in Japanese linguis ics), con empo a y schola ship has e ealed me apho ’s ole as a p ima y a chi ec o human hough and unde s anding. This e olu ion in me apho heo y pa allels de elopmen s in cogni i e science and neu olinguis ics, which ha e demons a ed ha me apho ical hinking isn’ me ely a linguis ic o namen bu S aipsniai / A icles 315 E olu ion o Abs ac ing Me apho s in Mode n Japanese J-pop Ly ics: Analysis o Linguis ic De ices a he a co e p ocess h ough which humans cons uc and na iga e meaning in bo h physical and digi al ealms. Me apho ’s cogni i e dimension unc ions ac oss a ious le els o human consciousness, simul aneously ac i a ing he b ain’s linguis ic, isual, emo ional, and cul u al p ocessing cen es (Sompo an 2021). Mode n esea ch has e ealed ha when indi iduals encoun e me apho ical exp essions, pa icula ly in digi al con ex s like i ual singe pe o mances, hei b ains ac i a e mul iple neu al ne wo ks associa ed wi h bo h conc e e and abs ac unde s anding (Ta igan 1986). This mul i-le el p ocessing enables he gene a ion o new meanings and concep ual amewo ks ha anscend simple compa ison, c ea ing ich apes ies o unde s anding ha blend physical and i ual expe ience. The eme gence o i ual pe o mance pla o ms has added addi ional laye s o his cogni i e complexi y, as audiences p ocess me apho ical exp essions ha exis simul aneously in physical, emo ional, and digi al domains. The dep h and sophis ica ion o me apho ical p ocessing become pa icula ly e iden in he con ex o Japanese i ual singe pe o mances, whe e adi ional cul u al me apho s in e sec wi h con empo a y digi al exp ession. This in e sec ion c ea es unique cogni i e challenges and oppo uni ies, as lis ene s mus in eg a e adi ional Japanese me apho ical unde s anding ( oo ed in concep s like seasonal e e ences and na u al phenomena) wi h newe digi al me apho s ha eme ge om i ual pe o mance con ex s. The esul ing cogni i e syn hesis demons a es me apho ’s ole no jus as a compa a i e ool, bu as a undamen al mechanism o gene a ing new unde s anding and meaning ac oss cul u al and echnological bounda ies. 2. RESEARCH METHODS 2.1. Resea ch Design The ounda ion o his in es iga ion es s upon a quali a i e desc ip i e me hodology, emb acing he heo e ical amewo k a icula ed by John W. C eswell & Che yl N. Po h (2023). This app oach enables a nuanced examina ion o ex ual elemen s wi hin hei na u al con ex , eschewing nume ical ans o ma ions in a ou o ich, con ex ual unde s anding. By selec ing his me hodological pa h, he esea ch c ea es space o deep linguis ic explo a ion and seman ic analysis o he song ly ics, allowing me apho ical exp essions o eme ge o ganically wi hin hei cul u al and digi al con ex s. FINCE L. SAMBEKA, MUHAMMAD I. ALI 316 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI The me hodological amewo k wea es oge he mul iple analy ical h eads, inco po a ing he meneu ic in e p e a ion p inciples wi h Ullmann’s me apho ical heo y. This heo e ical apes y is u he en iched by con empo a y digi al discou se analysis, acknowledging he unique cha ac e is ics o i ual singe pla o ms. Valida ion occu s h ough a ca e ul p ocess o iangula ion, whe e mul iple expe pe spec i es con e ge o ensu e analy ical igou and cul u al au hen ici y. 2.2. Da a Sou ces and Co pus The hea o his esea ch bea s wi hin wo signi ican composi ions om 25ji Nigh co d de (25時ナイトコード)’s second single. The i s piece, “限りな く灰色へ” (Kagi inaku Haii o e) by Su ii, eme ges as a p o ound explo a ion o sel -wo h and exis en ial meaning. Th ough he lens o Ena Shinonome’s cha ac e pe spec i e, he song wea es oge he hemes o pe cei ed alen inadequacy and he s uggle o li e’s meaning wi hin he “Insa iable Pale Colo ” e en na a i e. Complemen ing his is “アイディスマイル” (ID Smile) by Toa, pe o med h ough he i ual oices o Ha sune Miku and Kagamine Rin. This composi ion ingeniously combines concep s o iden i y, dis ance, mino i y s a us, and emo ional exp ession h ough i s e y i le. The song esona es wi h Mizuki Akiyama’s expe ience as a social ou side , as depic ed in he “Sec e Dis ance” e en na a i e, c ea ing a ich apes y o meaning o analysis. Da a au hen ica ion ollows a igo ous p ocess o e i ica ion agains o icial sou ces, wi h ca e ul a en ion o e sion con ol and documen a ion o any a ia ions in ly ics o in e p e a ion. The esea ch main ains a li ing da abase o modi ica ions and upda es, ensu ing analy ical accu acy h oughou he s udy pe iod. 2.3. Da a Collec ion P ocedu es The collec ion o esea ch ma e ials ollows a ca e ully o ches a ed p ocess o sys ema ic lis ening analysis, whe e mul iple sessions ocus on di e en aspec s o he composi ions. Each lis ening expe ience is documen ed wi h pa icula a en ion o acous ic elemen s, emo ional esonance, and he eme gence o me apho ical exp essions (Suda yan o 2015). Time-s amped no a ions c ea e a p ecise eco d o me apho ical ins ances, allowing o de ailed c oss- e e encing and analysis. S aipsniai / A icles 317 E olu ion o Abs ac ing Me apho s in Mode n Japanese J-pop Ly ics: Analysis o Linguis ic De ices T ansc ip ion ollows an equally me iculous p o ocol, beginning wi h di ec Japanese ansc ip ion and mo ing h ough omaniza ion o English ansla ion. Each s ep unde goes e i ica ion by na i e speake s and subjec ma e expe s, ensu ing accu acy in bo h linguis ic and cul u al dimensions. Con ex ual elemen s ecei e ca e ul documen a ion, including ele an e en s o ies, cha ac e backg ounds, and game na a i e in eg a ion. The quali y con ol p ocess in ol es mul iple laye s o e i ica ion, including na i e speake consul a ion and c oss- e e encing wi h o icial ma e ials. Pa icula a en ion is paid o ambiguous cases, whe e mul iple in e p e a ions migh be possible, ensu ing comp ehensi e documen a ion o in e p e a i e possibili ies. 2.4. Da a Analysis F amewo k The analy ical p ocess begins wi h a deep imme sion in he discou se, whe e esea che s engage wi h he ex h ough mul iple eadings and lis ening. This imme si e app oach allows o he eme gence o hemes and na a i e s uc u es, c ea ing a ounda ion o subsequen me apho ical analysis. The P agglejaz Me hod (2007) guides he iden i ica ion o me apho ical ins ances, ensu ing sys ema ic and eplicable analysis. Seman ic analysis un olds h ough ca e ul documen a ion o bo h lexical and con ex ual meanings, wi h pa icula a en ion o cul u al e e ences and he in luence o he digi al medium. This p ocess acknowledges he unique cha ac e is ics o i ual singe pla o ms while main aining sensi i i y o adi ional linguis ic analysis me hods. The applica ion o Ullmann’s heo e ical amewo k p o ides s uc u e o me apho classi ica ion, while con empo a y me apho heo y o e s addi ional analy ical ools. Special conside a ion is gi en o he digi al con ex , acknowledging how i ual pla o ms migh in luence me apho ical exp ession and in e p e a ion. 2.5. Valida ion P ocedu es The alida ion p ocess employs mul iple laye s o quali y assu ance, including expe e iew, na i e speake e i ica ion, and c oss-cul u al in e p e a ion alida ion. Pa icula a en ion is paid o he app op ia eness o in e p e a ions wi hin he digi al con ex , acknowledging he unique cha ac e is ics o i ual singe pla o ms. FINCE L. SAMBEKA, MUHAMMAD I. ALI 318 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI Reliabili y measu es include egula coding consis ency checks, ansla ion accu acy e i ica ion, and cul u al con ex alida ion. The in luence o he digi al medium ecei es ca e ul conside a ion h oughou he alida ion p ocess, ensu ing ha in e p e a ions emain app op ia e o he unique cha ac e is ics o i ual singe pla o ms. 3. FINDINGS The me apho s con ained in he second single 25ji Nigh co d de ha e di e en exp essions o me apho ical meaning. So based on he esea ch esul s, i is known ha he song ly ics ha ha e me apho ical exp essions based on he ype o me apho a e as ollows: 1) An h opomo phic Me apho s In he second single 25ji Nigh co d de song Kagi inaku Haii o e, he ype o an h opomo phic me apho was ound, as much as 3 da a, no an h opomo phic me apho was ound in he song ID Smile. These ypes o me apho s a e ound in da a 1, 6, and 10, namely: TABLE 1: Song Ly ics & Meanings Con aining An h opomo phic Me apho s No. Da a An h opomo phic Me apho s Da a Co pus Meaning o Me apho ical Exp essions 目に映った景 色の青さが羨 ましく思って いた。 (1) Me ni u su a keshiki no aosa ga u ayamashiku omo e i a. I i a ing mysel wi h he blue scene y be o e my eyes. En y o o he people’s happiness. 指先から伝わ っていく虚し (6) さの色。 Yubisaki ka a su awa e iku munashisa no i o. Li eless colou s con eyed h ough my inge ips. No ha ing ambi ion and passion in wha you do will no p oduce wo k ha you can enjoy. S aipsniai / A icles 325 E olu ion o Abs ac ing Me apho s in Mode n Japanese J-pop Ly ics: Analysis o Linguis ic De ices The p e alence o abs ac ing me apho s o e animalis ic ones in he analyzed songs highligh s a dis inc ly u ban, echnology- ocused aes he ic shaping much o con empo a y Japanese you h cul u e (Takahashi 2022). This p e e ence aligns wi h he Vocaloid subcul u e’s emphasis on digi al spaces and i ual eali ies, whe e adi ional na u e-based me apho s may hold less ele ance. The sophis ica ed use o synes he ic and an h opomo phic me apho s in hese songs demons a es how Japanese songw i e s wi hin he Vocaloid scene a e adap ing adi ional Japanese linguis ic de ices o exp ess mode n sensibili ies and expe iences. Unde s anding hese cul u al and subcul u al con ex s is essen ial o o eign audiences o ully app ecia e he nuanced ways in which me apho ical de ices ope a e wi hin Japanese ly ics. The ela ionship be ween me apho and Japanese cul u al exp ession ex ends beyond me e linguis ic analysis in o he ealm o isual and pe o ma i e elemen s, pa icula ly ele an in he Vocaloid con ex whe e i ual pe o me s embody me apho ical concep s h ough hei e y exis ence. This mul i- modal app oach o me apho ical exp ession, combining linguis ic, isual, and echnological elemen s, c ea es a complex web o meaning ha equi es cul u al li e acy o ully decode. The absence o ce ain me apho ical ypes (such as animalis ic me apho s) and he p ominence o o he s (abs ac ing me apho s) in he analyzed songs can be be e unde s ood when iewed h ough he lens o Japanese cul u al p e e ences and he speci ic aes he ic alues o he Vocaloid subcul u e. CONCLUSION The analysis o me apho ical exp essions in 25ji Nigh co d de’s second single e eals signi ican pa e ns in con empo a y Japanese songw i ing echniques, wi h abs ac ing me apho s eme ging as he dominan o m o igu a i e language. Ou o 22 iden i ied me apho ical ins ances, he dis ibu ion pa e n shows 18 abs ac ing me apho s, 3 an h opomo phic me apho s, and 1 synes he ic me apho , demons a ing a clea p e e ence o ans o ming abs ac emo ional concep s in o angible image y. The sophis ica ed in e play o hese me apho ical ypes, pa icula ly e iden in songs like “Kagi inak u Haii o e” wi h 16 ins ances and “ID smile” wi h 6 ins ances, showcases how a ying densi ies o me apho ical exp ession e ec i ely con ey di e en le els o emo ional complexi y while main aining linguis ic accessibili y and a is ic sophis ica ion. Fu u e esea ch in his a ea should explo e se e al p omising di ec ions, including compa a i e analyses ac oss di e en Japanese musical gen es, longi udinal s udies o me apho ical e olu ion in J-pop, and FINCE L. SAMBEKA, MUHAMMAD I. ALI 326 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI c oss-cul u al examina ions o me apho ical p e e ences in Asian music ma ke s. Addi ionally, in es iga ions in o lis ene comp ehension and emo ional esponse o di e en me apho ical ypes could p o ide aluable insigh s o bo h academic unde s anding and p ac ical applica ions in songw i ing. The de elopmen o new heo e ical amewo ks speci ically ailo ed o analyzing con empo a y Asian pop ly ics, combined wi h s udies on he in luence o digi al cul u e on me apho ical choices, would signi ican ly con ibu e o ou unde s anding o mode n musical exp ession. Such esea ch would no only enhance ou comp ehension o linguis ic de ices in music bu also p o ide p ac ical guidance o songw i e s, compose s, and language educa o s wo king wi h con empo a y Japanese musical o ms. REFERENCES Chen Hasegawa 2024: E olu ion o Figu a i e Language in Mode n Japanese Music. – Asian S udies Qua e ly 12(1), 45–62. Chen Li, Wang Nianxin, Kengo Sa o 2021: Digi al Voices: The Role o Vocaloid in Mode n Musical Exp ession. – Jou nal o Digi al Cul u e S udies 15(3), 178–195. 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ALI 328 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI Abs ahuojančių me a o ų aida šiuolaikiniuose japonų J-pop dainų eks uose: kalbos p iemonių analizė SANTRAUKA Šiame y ime nag inėjamas me a o inės kalbos a ojimas an ajame japonų muzikos g upės „25ji Nigh co d de“ single. Jame daugiausia dėmesio ski iama į ai ių dainos eks- uose a ojamų me a o ų ipų iden i ika imui i analizei. Ty ime aikomas kokybinis ap- ašomasis me odas, naudojan klausymo i į ašymo echniką, aip pa e e encinį po a imo me odą, siekian suski s y i i išanalizuo i šias me a o as. Rezul a ai a skleidžia is pag indi- nius me a o ų ipus: abs ahuojančias me a o as, an opomo ines me a o as i sines ezines me a o as. Iš 22 nus a y ų me a o inių posakių labiausiai papli usios y a abs ahuojančios me a o os (18 a ejų), an opomo inės me a o os (3 a ejai) i sines ezinė me a o a (1 a e- jis). Šios me a o inės iš aiškos siūlo į ai ias seman ines in e p e acijas, ku ios p isideda p ie dainos emocinio i meninio nepap as umo, sus ip indamos jos bend ąjį po eikį. Ty ime pab ėžiamas abs ahuojančių me a o ų domina imas šiuolaikinėje J-pop dainų kū yboje, o ai odo y aujan į koncep ualios abs akcijos polinkį šiuolaikinėje muzikoje. Ty imo ezul a ai odo, kad me a o os y a ne ik pag indinis ly ikos b uožas, be i a lieka lemiamą aidmenį pe eikian gilesnes emocines i menines p asmes, leidžiančias klausy- ojams užmegz i glaudesnį in e p e acinį yšį su daina. Būsimuose y imuose bū ų galima oliau nag inė i me a o ų a ojimo aidą keliose dainose a ba lygin i me a o inius modelius ski inguose muzikos žan uose panašiuose kalbiniuose kon eks uose. Tai padė ų ge iau su- p as i, kaip me a o ų kalba o muoja šiuolaikinę populia iąją muziką, ypač unikalioje japo- nų J-pop kul ū inėje i kalbinėje aplinkoje. Į eik a 2024 m. spalio 6 d. FINCE L. SAMBEKA Depa men o Indonesian Language and Educa ion Manado S a e Uni e si y Sou h Tondano, No h Sulawesi, Indonesia Pos Code 95618 incesambe[email p o ec ed] MUHAMMAD I. ALI Depa men o English Educa ion Manado S a e Uni e si y Sou h Tondano, No h Sulawesi, Indonesia Pos Code 95618 [email p o ec ed]