Šiaurės žemaičių vandens gyvūnų pavadinimų nominacija ir motyvacija

This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. ŽYDRŪNĖ ŠALAVIEJŪTĖ Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as ORCID id: o cid.o g/0009-0003-4998-9657 Resea ch a eas include lexical seman ics, lexicog aphy, and e hnolinguis ics. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The Guide o Li e NOMINACIJA IR MOTYVACIJA Nomina ion and Mo i a ion o he Names o Aqua ic Animals in he No he n Samogi ian Sub-dialec This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. The a icle p esen s an examina ion o he small subsys em […] o Li huanian-language zoono ic hema ic g oups […] o he names o wa e animals in he no he n lowlands. The aim is o ind ou wha lexemes a e used o name aqua ic animals in he ad ice, wha a e he cha ac e is ics o he nomina ions and mo i a ions o he esea ch names. I is based on he me hodological p ac ice o complex linguis ic esea ch. Sou ces o empi ical ma e ial a e he ocabula y o he LKŽ and he no he n lowlands. A ho ough analysis o lexicog aphic sou ces helped o de e mine he scope o names. The ela ionship be ween mo i a ed and unmo i a ed names, he dominan nomina ion ypes, me hods, ools, he mos impo an mo i a ion ea u es and he di e si y o mo i a ion models ha e been es ablished. ESMINIAI WORDS: he no he n lowland spawning, he mo i a ion, he nomina ion, he onomasyology, he names o aqua ic animals. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. This a icle p esen s a s udy o he No he n Samogi ian lexical hema ic g oup o aqua ic animal names. The esea ch aims o iden i y he lexemes used o name wa e animals in his egional dialec and o s udy he nomina ion and mo i a ion ea u es o hese names. The esea ch employs a me hodological app oach ha in eg a es complex linguis ic analysis. The empi ical ma e ial is d awn om he Li huanian language dic iona y (LKŽ) and dic iona ies o he No h Samogi ian dialec . A ho ough analysis o hese lexicog aphical sou ces has A icle 249 allowed o he de e mina ion o he names' co e age. The s udy iden i ies he a io Šiau ės žemaičių andens gy ūnų pa adinimų nominacija i mo y acija be ween mo i a ed and unmo i a ed lexemes, dominan ypes and ools o nomina ion, key ea u es o mo i a ion, and he a ie y o mo i a ion models. KEYWORDS: No he n Samogi ian subdialec , mo i a ion, nomina ion, onomasiology, names o aqua ic animals. 1.The ollowing able is inse ed: One o he mos ele an a eas o con empo a y linguis ics is he ela ionship be ween language and eali y, be ween language and hough . In o de o in es iga e he complex p ocesses o language, cogni ion and hinking, ideas a e kelis dešim mečius kogni y inės ling is ikos šalininkai siekia a skleis i į ai ių aised abou he de elopmen o a eas o linguis ic analysis. I 's abou he p inciples o c ea ing eal names, he possibili ies o language ools in con eying a concep ual pic u e o he wo ld. One such aspec o lexical esea ch is he s udy o mo i a ion (Pan he , Radden 2011; Pan he 2013; G ygel 2020; D ożdż 2022). Animals a e an in eg al pa o human cul u e, hinking and language. The names o animals in Li huanian as a sys em whose membe s a e uni ed by a common seman ic sign a e a ely s udied. Much mo e a en ion is paid o he s udy o he onomasiological sys em o bi ds and insec s in pe s (Šala iejū ė 2022), he mo i a ion o animals and ep iles and he analysis o he e hnolinguis ic wo ld iew (Jasiūnai ė 2010; Sme ona 2015). The geolinguis ic aspec o he Li huanian language has been somewha s udied in a small pa o he Li huanian language's aqua ic animals: desc ip ions o he p e alence o he names buožgal io, lydekos, kuojos and audės wi h maps (LKA I). Se e al s udies ha e been ca ied ou o examine he o igin, seman ics and e minology o indi idual ish names (U bu is 1981; 1997; 1999; 2002; Gai enis 1995; Kabašinskai ė 2011; Blažek e al. 2011; Umb as 2015; Blažek 2018). The e a e no wo ks ha in es iga e he names o aqua ic animals in a single dialec o subdialec o he Li huanian language, bu ecen ly he e ha e been se e al s udies o he lexicon o he no he n lowlands ha seek o de e mine wha mo i a ional ea u e o ea u es a e hidden in he names o body pa s (Ce i 2021; Lubienė e al. 2021; Pakalniškienė, Lubienė 2023). The ypology o o eign esea ch in ol ing nomina ions and mo i a ions o animal names is also no a ailable. In addi ion o he abo e, he au ho has also w i en a numbe o a icles on he e hnog aphy, e hnog aphy, e hnog aphy, and e hnog aphy o he Bal ic Sea egion, as well as on he e hnog aphy, e hnog aphy, and e hnog aphy o he Bal ic Sea egion, and on he e hnog aphy o he Bal ic Sea egion. 2015). ŽYDRŪNĖ ŠALAVIEJŪTĖ 250 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica in he languages o he XCI (Be lin 1992; Nilsen 1996; Kieł yka, Klepa ski 2005; Goa ly 2006; San os-Fi a and k . 2011; Wie zbicka 2013; Be ezowski 2020). This is a lis o languages spoken in Li huania. The mo i a ion o zoonoses in o he languages is in es iga ed episodically (Alinei 1997; 2005; Goudi 2011). This s udy p esen s a comp ehensi e analysis o he names o he no he n lowland aqua ic animals (ŠŽVG). The e a e no wo ks by Kalbo y ha explo e such a seman ic pa adigm. The ele ance o he s udy is de e mined by he holis ic app oach o he objec : he ela ionship be ween he names o mo i a ed and non-mo i a ed aqua ic animals is no analyzed, i is no known which ypes o nomina ions, species, me hods, ools domina e, he signs o mo i a ion a e no de e mined, he in en o y o he hema ic g oup is unclea . The possible ield o esea ch on he names o aqua ic animals is wide and p omising. I is conside ed ha he sys ema ic analysis o ypes, me hods, species, ins umen s, models o nomina ion, mo i a ion is one o he me hods Ty imo ikslas – nus a y i ŠŽVG pa adinimų nominacijos i mo y acijos ypa ybes. Tikslo siekiama sp endžian šiuos užda inius: 1) emian is lie u ių ha allows o highligh he axiological, concep ual ea u es o he nomina i e eali y. he iden i ica ion o a co pus o names o aqua ic animals in he no he n lowlands, based on lexical sou ces o he language; 2) o de e mine he a io o mo i a ed and unmo i a ed names; 3) o de e mine he ype, cha ac e is ics and mos ypical means o nomina ion o mo i a ed names; 4) o iden i y he explici and implici cha ac e is ics o mo i a ed names, o highligh he mos ypical models o mo i a ion. The scope o he Ti iam ŠŽVG names is […] 107 in a ian 2 lexemes, which include he names o ish, amphibians, wo ms, mollusks, insec s. The empi ical ma e ial is collec ed om published lexicological sou ces ha eco d he lexicon o he no he n lowlands: he elec onic dic iona y o he Li huanian language (LKŽe), he dic iona y o he K e inga language (K e Ž), he dic iona y o he no he n wes e n lowlands (ŠVŽZ III), he a las o he Li huanian language (LKA I). The lexemes we e selec ed acco ding o wo c i e ia seman ics and popula i y. The analysis o he meanings o he names o aqua ic animals can ha e in e disciplina y p ac ical alue by imp o ing adi ional and c ea ing new lexicog aphic sou ces. To main ain he uni y o he me hodology, he classi ica ion and e ms p oposed in he monog aph o Jū a ė Lubienė (Lubienė 2015) a e used as a basis. The e is a non-mo i a ed ( i s ) nomina ion, a mo i a ed (second) nomina ion3, a nomina ion, a mo i e, a mo i a ion model. When desc ibing ŠŽVG seman ics, he e m lexeme is used, all selec ed lexemes a e ouched om he a ea o he no he n lowlands. T adi ionally, acco ding o he ela ionship o he nomina i e uni s wi h o he 2 wo ds, a p ima y and a seconda y nomina ion ( om […] inė iesioginė, seconda y indi ec ) is assigned (Jakai ienė 2009: 22[…]24). The e ms non-mo i a ed and mo i a ed nomina ion a e used in he a icle. I is based on he classi ica ion o he ypes o nomina ions p oposed by Jū a ė Lubienė in o non-mo i a ed (pi minė) and mo i a ed (an inė) nomina ions ( o de ails see This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. A icles A icles 251 nomina ion […] nomina ing e m, mo i a ing e m […] Šiau ės žemaičių andens gy ūnų pa adinimų nominacija i mo y acija mo i a ing e m. The analysis o each nomina ion co e s se e al s ages (e.g. The ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I: 28–29): (1) de e mine he ype o nomina ion […] mo i a ed o unmo i a ed […] belonging o he nomina ion unde conside a ion; (2) in he examina ion o nomina ions o he ype o unjus i ied nomina ion, i shall be de e mined o which ype o nomina ion […] in e nal o ex e nal […] he nomina ion unde examina ion belongs; 3) when in es iga ing nomina ions o he ype o mo i a ed nomina ion, he me hods and means o nomina ion shall be de e mined. When s udying he mo i a ion o SJVG names, names a e iewed as lexical uni s ep esen ing concep ual ypes a di e en le els o abs ac ion. Se e al aliuosius požymius, ku ie sis eminami nus a an mo y acijos modelius i jų s ages o mo i a ional analysis a e applied. In he i s , lowes le el o abs ac ion, on he basis o seman ic and e bal analysis o wo ds, he seman ic cha ac e is ics o he mo i s a e de e mined. In he second s age o he analysis, seman ic mo i a ion models a e es ablished. A he hi d, highes le el o abs ac ion, he ypes o seman ic mo i a ion models a e de e mined. The complex aspec o he s udy is he assump ion o highligh ing he onomassiological s uc u e, he mos ypical concep ual ea u es o each name unde s udy. 2. he ype o nomina ion, he ype o wo k, he ype o wo k, he ype o wo k The onomas ic sys em o he s udy lec u es consis s o non-mo i a ed and mo i a ed nomina ion ypes. Abou 20% o he names a e unmo i a ed wo ds, i.e. wi hou special e ymological and his o ical esea ch hey canno be linked o any o he wo ds, hei onomassiological s uc u e is synch onously unclea . Among he unmo i a ed names a e mainly wo ds o old o igin4, which a e used no only in he su eyed no he n plains dialec , bu also in o he dialec s, in common pa lance, such as: eše ỹs, lýnas, lydekà, ungu ỹs, a l, ėgėl ėgel, žu s žiu s, e c. 4 This s udy does no aim o sol e he p oblems o he o igin o unmo i a ed nomina ion names. The diach onic analysis o unmo i a ed nomina i e names, he iden i ica ion o nomina i e ypes, me hods, ools, seman ic mo i a ion models is conside ed a esea ch pe spec i e. ŽYDRŪNĖ ŠALAVIEJŪTĖ 252 o he Ac on Linguis ics o Li huania XCI A small pa o unmo i a ed names is made up o bo owing ocabula y5. Among he ex e nal nomina i e ypes, Ge manism, Sla ism o Sla ism de i ed om Ge manic languages domina e, o example: k ãpė (p onounced Quappe) LKŽe; The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. Ka pis Ka pė (also known as Ka pis Ka pė) The ca p, he u. Ca p; and he oice. Ka p en) LKŽe, ŠVŽZ I 268. This is he i s ime ha he Commission has been able o ind a solu ion o his p oblem. Abou 80% o he names belong o he mo i a ed lexicon. The nomina ems o he mo i a ional nomina ion ype ha e a synch onously clea onomasyological s uc u e and a e based on o he language uni s ha ep esen he cha ac e is ic ea u es o he concep o he eali y being named. The e a e h ee ypes o mo i a ional names o ŠVVG: a ixed (60%), composi e (37%) and seman ic (60%). (3%) 2.2.1. The names o he ypes o su ix nomina ions o he SZVG include wo mo phological nomina ion me hods: su ix ( esul […] su ixa ai) and pa adigm ( esul […] pa adigma ai). Based on he a ilia ion o he base wo d, he pa o a ce ain language is called a su name and a su name is called a su name. I is ios i nep oduk y ios nominacijos p iemonės. Ta p a iksinės nominacijos ūšies nomina emų dominuoja su iksa ai – jie su- es ima ed ha 80 pe cen o all pos e s A e y la ge in en o y o p oduc ion ools […] accesso ies, i.e. abou 20. The numbe o su ixes in he p eposi ions is 85%. A la ge pa o su ixes a e made up o deminu i e su ixes. The diminu i e o he majes ic meaning is he p e ix […]elis, […]ė, […]ai is, […]ė (DLKG 88[…]93; LKG 254[…]261, 271[…]272) ediniai: blai ẽlė dem. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. Ca assius ca assius is a species o he genus Ca assius in he amily Ca assiidae. […]gui ė (Gobio lu ia ilis) […] ŠVŽŽ I 210, wi h he ollowing de ini ions: The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop aculea us)’ ŠVŽŽ II 239, s in ẽlė ‘maža žu elė; eže inė s in a (Osme us epe la- nus epe lanus)’ LKŽe, ŠVŽŽ II 241, a lẽlė dem. ‘ a lė’ ŠVŽŽ II 415, žu ẽlė delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. ‘Silk (Clupea ha engus) SVŽŽ II 183, he s one is dem. The Gas e os eus dem. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. Usually, he wo k o hese scien is s highligh s he concep ual cha ac e is ic […] mino i y o he named aqua ic animals. The singula p eposi ions -iūkš is, -ū is ediniai, o example: a likš is 1 ‘bea you h K e Ž 475, ‘li le bea d LKŽe, ha e a mino e b meaning; The scallop is simila o he bu alo's head (Co us gobio) in LKZ. 5 The o igin o he schools is de e mined based on he da a o he examined lexicog aphic sou ces. 6 Mo i a ional wo d o de is conside ed a uni e sal ea u e o he lexical sys em in a ious languages (Lako 1987: 346) This is he case in he Uni ed S a es. A icles o he 253 d Šiau ės žemaičių andens gy ūnų pa adinimų nominacija i mo y acija The o he deminu i e p ecep s o he Vedas highligh no only he a is ic signi icance o he mino i y, bu also he signi icance o o igin, so i is di icul o d aw a line be ween he ca ego ies o such edas deminu i es and hose wi h su name cha ac e is ics. Usually, hese ŠŽVG names e e o he young o he ca e pilla s (la a) […] he ca e pilla . The basis o he nomina ion consis s o he lexema a l[…] and a ious p eposi ions, such as: This Regula ion -y is (DLKG 92; LKG 272–274) a lý is ‘ . p’ LKA I 155, LKŽe, ŠVŽŽ II 415; shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. - Iuz (LKG 285) is a di e en one. p is equal o LKA I 155, LKŽe; and - he sheep (DLKG 123; LKG 359) he sheep ‘ . p is equal o LKŽe, K e Ž 475; -ui is (LKG 282) a lùi is ‘ . I is also known as a lùi is. p is equal o LKA I 155, LKŽe; and - o be (LKG 281 […] 282) o be […] . p is equal o LKA I 155, LKŽe; and -Uzas (LKG 285) is he a l[…]zas o . p is equal o LKŽe; and - one (see also 282) a lykš is ‘ . p is equal o LKA I 155, LKŽe. This is he case. In he lexicog aphical sou ces examined, he e is one -in o he p e ix o ŠŽVG names (DLKG 142143; LKG 418) ha indica es he name o an animal acco ding o he gende di e ence: he male o he cal LKŽe (: a l). A small g oup consis s o ŠŽVG names belonging o he ca ego y o holde s o ac o s o su name cha ac e is ics, he basis o he nomina ion o which consis s o wo colou ul adjec i es […] bál as, […]à and žãlias, […]ià: -skė (DLKG 120; LKG 354) baskė ‘nedidelė plokščia whi e ish loa ing on he su ace o he wa e o in he shallows LKŽe; -iūkė (DLKG 121; LKG 355) g een ‘žalioji a lė, žal a lė (Rana esculen a) K e Ž 496, LKŽe, ŠVŽŽ II 474; iuokė (DLKG 123); LKG 361) he g eenhouse gas emission educ ion a ge . p is equal o LKJ. Wha a e you alking abou ? In some cases, i is p oblema ic o de e mine he basis and means o nomina ion. The ca ego y o holde s o he adjec i e cha ac e is ics could include he a e e minology su ix -isha (see Ska džius 1996: 317) ediniai om he noun lãšas […] aškas, dėmelė[…]: lašišà 1 […]s ambi ish pink mea (Salmo sala )[…] LKŽe; Lašišà 2 […]upė akis (Salmo u a) […] ŠVŽŽ I 374 (plg. U bu is 1981: 167 […] This is he i s ime ha he Eu opean Pa liamen has been consul ed on his ma e . 169; Blažek and o he s 2011: 112[…]114). The e a e much ewe cases o audulen eceip s being ound. These SVG names belong o he ca ego y o holde s and ac o s o he e b ea u e. No a ce ain ac ion, o example: g upelę suda o į ai ių andens gy ių pa adinimai pagal jų a liekamą eiks- mą. Šių edinių da ybinė eikšmė galė ų bū i nusakoma: ‘ a(s), ku i(s) a lieka […]ėlė (LKG 334) siu bėl[…] su bėl[…] dėlė[…] LKŽe, ŠVŽŽ II 258 (: siub i, siubia, siu[…]bė); o - (DLKG 106; LKG 320[…]321) a whale jumping on he su ace o he wa e in a whale he d o whales SVŽZ I 98 (whale, whale, whale); -lys, -lė (DLKG 106[…]107; LKG 321[…]322) based on 8 […]žalioji a lė[…] LKŽe (: pa[…]p i, pa[…]pia, pa[…]pė), pyplỹs […] ijūnas (Misgu nus ossilis)[…] LKŽe, ŠVŽZ 7 Synch onically he basis o some o he nomina ions is di icul o see. A nomina i e is conside ed o be mo i a ed i i can be linked o a keywo d. 8 The le e is used o ma k hose lexemes ha do no ha e a wo d in hei ocabula y. ŽYDRŪNĖ ŠALAVIEJŪTĖ Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI 254 (Linguis ic and linguis ic law o he Republic o Li huania) This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. - a small ish ha looks like a ed ish (plùk i, pluñka, plùks a, plùko ‘pluk i); - he ish (DLKG 111; LKG 331) he small ish (LKŽ) - (DLKG 107; LKG 322323) a hin, hin ish wi h small scales, pyplys (Misgu nus ossilis) […] LKŽe, ŠVŽŽ II 446 (: ý i, ẽja, jo […] o wis , o wis ). The ca ego ical meanings o he Gallic Vedas a e close o he ca ego ical meanings o he Vedic p ecep s, bu he e a e a ewe su ixes […] only one- i h o all a ixed nomina i e ypes among he pa adigms o SVG names. A small g oup is made up o su name endings, he basis o he nomina ion o which is made up o quali a i e adjec i es ( esul […] deadjec ) and noun wo ds ( esul […] denomina i e). The ollowing species a e included in he Annex o his Regula ion: he A lan ic blue in una (A ea longi lo a), A lan ic blue in una (A ea longi lo a), A lan ic blue in una (A ea longi lo a), A lan ic blue in una (A ea longi lo a) and A lan ic blue in una (A ea longi lo a). Fo he pu poses o his Decision, he ollowing de ini ions shall apply: 326, LKŽe (: puõkas […]pūkas[…]). This is he i s ime in he his o y o he coun y ha he e m "puõkas" has been used. Only a ew e bs a e eco ded in lexicog aphic sou ces. The basis o hei nomina ion is he e bs ( esul […] de e ba y ai). The ollowing species a e included in his ca ego y: Subspecies o he genus Eupho bia (Eupho bia spp.): Subspecies o he genus Eupho bia (Eupho bia spp.): Subspecies o he genus Eupho bia (Eupho bia spp.): Subspecies o he genus Eupho bia (Eupho bia spp.): Subspecies o he genus Eupho bia (Eupho bia spp.). pluñka, plùko ‘plauk i’). 2.2.2. Composi e nomina ions a e he mos common ype o nomina ion, accoun ing o mo e han one- hi d o all nomina ions. Resea che s who ha e s udied he p oblem o dams ha e no iced ha i is di icul o es ablish uni e sal c i e ia o he classi ica ion o dams (Ja mala ičius 2014: 1921; S undžia, Ja mala ičius 2019: 23; Sme onienė 2020: 134). When desc ibing he s uc u e o composi es, he du ian classi ica ion p oposed by Vinco U bucio (DLKG 150[…]167) is used. Fi s , i is de e mined which pa o he language is he second componen o he composi ion. The di e ence be ween VAT ca ego ies acco ding o his c i e ion 9 is no always clea (see Amb asas 1993: 12). In he illus a ions o he a icles o he 10 h edi ion o he Lexicon, se e al names o ish o he colloquial nomina ion a e eco ded, o example: uppe s in a, uppe lydeka. The small scope o his nomina ion is due o he ac ha colloquial names a e no used as sepa a e lemmas in explana o y dic iona ies. Due o he small size and egis a ion p oblems, he species o he colloquial nomina ion is no conside ed sepa a ely a his s age o he s udy. A icles 255 and 255 o m wo g oups: a icles wi h a noun second sen ence and Šiau ės žemaičių andens gy ūnų pa adinimų nominacija i mo y acija a icles wi h an adjec i e second sen ence. Du ian wi h he seconda y dye o he i em makes up he majo i y […] abou 83% […] o he composi es. The e a e mos ly du s, made up o wo nouns. The g oup o such s uc u es consis s o in a ian names o a iega ed la ae […] buožgal io […], emphasizing he disp opo iona e size, shape o he li ing head. The second wo d o such names is soma onim, o example: buožga is buožgál is buožgal is LKA I 155, LKŽe, buožaga is LKA I 155, bužógal is LKA I 155, a laga is a lãgal is bužgal is LKŽe, bužuñgal is bužungal is bužungal is bužungal is bužgal is LKA I 155, LKŽe, ŠVŽKA I 8, a žgal is bužgal is LKŽe, a laga is a lãgal is bužgal is LKŽe, bužgal is bužgal is LKŽe, bužgal is LKŽe, bužgal is LKŽe, bužgal is LKŽ, bužgal is LKŽ, bužgal is LKŽ, bužgal is LKŽ, bužgal is LKŽ, bužgal is LKŽ, bužgal is LKŽ, bužgal is he head o a goa . p is equal o LKA I 155, he head o a cal . p is equal o This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The e a e a ew buzzwo d names wi h seconda y meanings o abs ac meaning, such as buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d, buzzwo d. p is equal o LKA I 155, LKŽe. This is he case. The i s and (o ) second owels o he compound wo ds a e ans e ed meanings, o example: šdpil ė šdpil is ‘small o a shell-like ish ŠVŽŽ 305, ŠVžžis ‘small wa e u le, apsiu os le a (Ph yganea g andis) LKŽe, ŠVŽ I 426, a lãšis a laušis 1 geldmoliuskas, LKŽe, ŠVŽ II 414, a lãk iauklis geldmoliuskas, LKŽe, LKŽe, šššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššššš The i s i ems o hese du ians a e he daik a a dins, excep o he nume al eigh , he aš úonios. A g oup o nes s consis s o composi es whose i s clauses a e adjec i es desc ibing he quali a i e p ope ies o he second clause, such as: blánklašis […]ka pinių šeimos žu is, s o inė aukšlė, eiks andenė (Albu nus bipunc a us)[…] LKŽe, kumpsnãpis […] okia žu is[…] LKŽe, audoñspa nis audón[…] Dū inių wi h spa nis LKA I 154, aũdspa nis / áudspa nis / audspa nỹs LKA I 154, LKŽe, ebsilkė ‘ iebi silkė (Clupea ha engus)’ LKŽe. he second clause. The i s o hese du ian clus e s a e nouns ha name he objec o he ac ion by an adjec i e, such as a klãsu bė ‘a kliadėlė, kumeldėlė LKŽe, up akis ‘lašišinių šeimos nemaža šlakuo a gėla andenė e ina žu is (Salmo u a) LKŽe, ŠVŽ II 386. Keblu in e p e ed he du ian a lesnake as a "simple u le" and he u le as a "simple u le". I is likely ha he second pa o he lexeme ã kyš is is he adjec i e kỹš is […] sha pened kuolelis o squeeze, he hook[…], and is he e o e conside ed a dū , bu he meaning o he ish can also be unde s ood me apho ically: ã kyš is […] h ough he axis inse ed he hook so ha he wheel does no mo e […] → […] plain humpback (Co us U io) […] (plg. gobbu is 2002: 275). The nomina ion p ocess is impo an o he me apho o he du ian, so such a nomina ion ŽYDRŪNĖ ŠALAVIEJŪTĖ Ac a Linguis ica Li uanica XCI 256 could be conside ed a nomina ion o a mixed (composi ional and seman ic) na u e. I didn' see he kebli and he leksemos ã pisa in e p e a ion. I is likely ha he second e b is he e b ps i (psa, pso) now ecognized only in he ulga meaning coi e. As V. U bu is poin s ou , he ã pisa ac supposes ha ac ion wo d e en a e he wide seman ics o kiš i, k iuš i, kal i (U bu is 2002: 276). Mo e da a would be needed o a mo e eliable in e p e a ion. 2.2.3. Seman ic nomina ion ype is no p oduc i e in he ŠŽVG nomina ion sys em o names. The e is no o mal di e ence be ween such nomina ions and nomina ion-based lexemes. The new name is based on a seman ic (me apho ical o me onymic) ans o ma ion (Lubienė 2015: 6263; Šala iejū ė 2022: 62). Only a ew such examples ha e been eco ded: quail […] sk auk […] head […] […] ish simila o buožgal į (Co us gobio) […] LKŽe, ŠVŽE I 360; II 209; ošikà […] ožka […] […] okia ish […] LKŽe; ow 1 ‘which is a , ound → ‘no big ca p amily ish (Gobio gobio), ow 2 ‘bu wha kind o ish young (plg. U bu is 1997: The ollowing able is inse ed: 5–8). 3. Explana ion o he easons o he exemp ion MODELS and hei ypes Analysis o nomina ions showed ha he la ges pa o ŠŽVG names a e mo i a ed nomina ion lexemes, o mo i es. The e m "mo i a ional model" is used o e e o a se o onomas ics, which a e based on he use o adjec i es, adjec i es, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, iais. Pagal leksinių mo y a o ių seman ikos a imumą, mo y emos suda o am ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs, ad e bs and ad e bs. I was ound ha ou MMTs a e cha ac e is ic o he names o he SCHVG: desc ip i e, unc ional, possessi e- ep oduc i e, compa a i e. Desc ip i e MMT is based on he cogni i e quali a i e p inciple (c . ibid. The mo i a ion p ocess is based on he cogni i e in o ma ion abou he subjec (his concep ). The lexical mo i a o s explici ly (wi h he di ec meaning o he lexical mo i a o s) desc ibe he eali y (i s concep ) o be named. I was es ablished ha he names o ŠŽVG a e he colo a i e, he mo phological, he igu a i e and he acous ic MM. The basis o he colou ul MM is a sign o colou o body w i ing. I s scheme: ‘X colo → Y animal (pa o he animal's body). Fou een in a ian mo i s a e assigned o his MM: baskė LKŽe; This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The ollowing de ini ions shall apply: (a) in he case o a ship wi h a maximum speed o less han 200 km; (b) in he case o a ship wi h a maximum speed o mo e han 300 km; (c) in he case o a ship wi h a maximum speed o mo e han 300 km; (d) in he case o a ship wi h a maximum speed o mo e han 300 km; (e) A icles 263 and compa a i e. This sys em ypically cap u es 12 mo i a ional ea u es, which Šiau ės žemaičių andens gy ūnų pa adinimų nominacija i mo y acija can be exp essed bo h explici ly and implici ly, h ough s uc u al and lexical mo i a o s. The sys ema ic analysis o mo i a ional models highligh s wo main ope a ions in he name-c ea ion p ocess: (a) objec i e e alua ion o eali y based on senso y ( isual, audi o y, ac ile) pe cep ions, and (b) associa i e e alua ion o eali y h ough me apho ical mechanisms. Analyzing names as esul s o nomina ion and mo i a ion p ocesses p o ides aluable insigh s in o how he wo ld is ep esen ed in language. The concep ual sphe e o aqua ic animal names p esen s a p omising a ea o e hnolinguis ic esea ch and wa an s u he a en ion om esea che s and collec o s. Deli e ed on 13 Sep embe 2024 ŽYDRŪNĖ ŠALAVIEJŪTĖ Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as Pe o Vilešio g. 5, LT[…]10308 Vilnius, Li huania Zyd une.sala ieju [email p o ec ed] This is a lis o people who we e bo n in, esiden s o , o o he wise closely associa ed wi h he ci y o Vilnius.