Witness the Arctic - Spring 2004, Volume 11 Number 1

Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 3535 College Road • Sui e 101 • Fai banks, AK 99709 Ch onicles o he NSF A c ic Sciences P og am Sp ing 2004, Volume 11 Numbe 1 ARCTIC In e na ional Mee ing Explo es Change in he A c ic Resea che s om a ound he wo ld p esen ed and discussed e idence o apid en i onmen al change in he A c ic a he fi s S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change (SEARCH) Open Science Mee - ing (OSM), held 27–30 Oc obe 2003 in Sea le, Washing on. O e 440 social and na u al scien is s, policy make s, and s akeholde s om 18 coun ies explo ed he basic p emise o SEARCH— ha a complex o in e ela ed changes is occu - ing ac oss a c ic e es ial, oceanic, a mosphe ic, and human sys ems. SEARCH is an in e agency e o o unde s and he causes, connec ions, and consequences o ecen a c ic en i onmen- al changes, emphasizing hei in e ac ions wi h global clima e change and po en- ial impac s on he biosphe e, including human social and economic well-being. Cu en ly mo e han 40 p ojec s a e unded as SEARCH ac i i ies by U.S. agencies. Many mo e p ojec s ele an o SEARCH objec i es a e suppo ed h ough o he p og ams. SEARCH is de eloping coope a i e ela ionships wi h many o he pe inen a c ic science p og ams spon- so ed by o he na ions and in e na ional g oups (see In e na ional Plans, page 3). The SEARCH Open Science Mee ing’s goals we e o encou age scien is s om a ange o disciplines o • sha e e idence o en i onmen al change in he A c ic, • iden i y esul s om indi idual esea ch p ojec s ha could in o m he o e all SEARCH objec i es, and • con ibu e o he SEARCH p og am ei he h ough linking hei ongoing wo k o his p og am o h ough he design o new p ojec s. The Na ional Science Founda ion O fice o Pola P og ams (NSF-OPP) sponso ed he OSM, wi h addi ional sup- po om he In e na ional A c ic Science Commi ee (IASC) and he U.S. agencies in he SEARCH In e agency Wo king G oup (IWG; see box page 2). All o he OSM sessions we e en iched by he aluable pa icipa ion o unde - g adua e and g adua e s uden s. A s uden schola ship p og am, sponso ed by OPP, NASA, he Depa men o Ene gy A mo- sphe ic Radia ion Measu emen P og am, he Alaska Na i e Science Commission, and ARCUS, p o ided ull o pa ial und- ing o con e ence expenses o 45 s uden s, and a s uden pos e compe i ion awa ded winne s sponso ship o a end a u u e scien ific con e ence. The con ibu ions o hese young in es iga o s we e c i ical o he success o he SEARCH OSM. con inued on nex page P esen a ions and Discussions O ganized a ound he b oad hemes o Changes and Impac s, Feedbacks, and D i e s and Causes, he OSM included o e 280 o al and pos e p esen a ions. Wi h inpu om a di e se in e na ional and in e disciplina y communi y, he mee ing’s agenda included a a ie y o ses- sions, including • keyno e alks, • concu en science sessions wi h con ibu ed pape s, • panel discussions, and • pos e sessions. Keyno e alks, including a poin –coun e - poin session, p o ided a b oad o e iew o he scien ific and policy issues o a c ic change. Two mode a ed panel discussions p o ided oppo uni ies o examine key Da a collec ed du ing se e al c uises in 1993–95 sugges ed ha in he la e 1980s, wa m A lan ic wa e mo ed apidly in o he A c ic Ocean ( igh panel), a majo change compa ed wi h i s p e ious dis ibu ion (le panel). These obse a- ions we e so s a ling and had such po en ially impo an amifica ions ha hey p omp ed membe s o he scien ific communi y o begin o ganizing he S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change (SEARCH; see box page 2). The model illus a ed depic s he change in dis ibu ion o A lan ic wa e a 280–360 m below sea le el. (Maslowski e al. 2000. Geophysical Resea ch Le e s 27 (22): 3743) 2 The S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change Open Science Mee ing ques ions, o eflec on p e ious sessions, and o discuss issues such as he na u e o in e disciplina y esea ch, local and indig- enous knowledge, and media communica- ion and public pe cep ion o science. Eigh pa allel science sessions included o e 75 con ibu ed pape s co e ing a la ge ange o opics. Two pos e sessions ea u - ing nea ly 200 pos e s o e ed in o mal oppo uni ies o pa icipan s o sha e esul s and ideas on all aspec s o en i on- men al a c ic change; opics included he documen a ion o obse ed changes, el- e ance o changes o a c ic ecosys ems and communi ies, la ge global implica ions, and analy ical issues such as echniques in da a analysis and modeling. Open Science Mee ing pa icipan s epo ed on a a ie y o in es iga ions, including di ec obse a ions, p oxy eco ds, modeling s udies, and communi y p ojec s. Many o hese s udies p o ided e idence o widesp ead and po en ially in e ela ed changes in a numbe o aspec s o he a c ic en i onmen , including: • lowe sea-le el a mosphe ic p essu e, • inc eased su ace ai empe a u es, • inc eased soil empe a u es, • hawing pe ma os , • nega i e glacie mass balance, • g ow h esponses in ege a ion, • shi s in species composi ion o a c ic and suba c ic ecosys ems, • dec ease in sea ice, and • changing pa e ns in communi y subsis ence ac i i ies. P esen a ions on clima e modeling and paleoclima e s udies examined pa e ns o a iabili y o clima e and en i onmen al change. In es iga ions o spa ial and em- po al a iabili y p o ided insigh in o he ela i e con ibu ions o bo h na u al and an h opogenic d i e s o a c ic en i on- men al change. Se e al sessions ocused on eedbacks —bo h wi hin he A c ic and o he global sys em—as c i ical componen s in he de elopmen o a undamen al unde s and- ing o cu en changes and p edic ions o u u e change. Many o he eedbacks discussed, such as he snow/ice albedo eedback, ha e he po en ial o inc ease he pace o change. P esen a ions om a c ic esiden s and human dimensions esea che s unde sco ed he immedia e impac s en i onmen al The E olu ion o he SEARCH E o De elopmen o he SEARCH p og am began in he mid-1990s, as a numbe o scien is s became conce ned abou he magni ude o he changes hey we e obse ing in a c ic ocean and a mosphe ic condi ions (figu e page 1). Led by James Mo ison a he Uni e si y o Washing on’s Pola Science Cen e , he g oup ci cula ed an open le e o he scien ific communi y p oposing a p og am o ack and unde - s and majo changes in he a c ic en i onmen . By Ap il 1997, 40 scien is s om 25 ins i u ions had signed he le e , which called o an in e na ional e o , ini ially called he “S udy o A c ic Change,” o in es iga e hose changes h ough measu emen , da a analysis, and modeling. The le e was endo sed by he NSF A c ic Sys em Science (ARCSS) Ocean–A mosphe e–Ice In e ac ions Science S ee ing Commi ee. Wi h suppo om he ARCSS P og am, he Uni e si y o Washing on hos ed an open wo kshop in No embe 1997 on he S udy o A c ic Change. Mo e han 70 scien is s epo ed on ecen ocean and a mosphe ic changes in he A c ic, co obo a - ing ea lie obse a ions o change and sugges ing a ela ed sui e o changes ha we e a c ic-wide. As he e o de eloped, i s name changed o he S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change (SEARCH), and SEARCH ad anced beyond sponso ship by he ARCSS P og am o a b oade ini ia i e in ol ing se e al ede al agencies. A a 1999 wo kshop, 39 esea che s began o d a he SEARCH Science Plan. Pub- lished in 2001, he Science Plan summa izes obse ed changes; p esen s he SEARCH hypo heses, objec i es, and s a egies; and ecommends a b oad mul idisciplina y p o- g am aimed a unde s anding he in e ela ed a c ic changes and hei implica ions. As he science plan de eloped, SEARCH gained inc easing ecogni ion. In 1999, he In e agency A c ic Resea ch Policy Commi ee (IARPC) included SEARCH as “ eady o immedia e a en ion” in he U.S. A c ic Resea ch Plan, and a SEARCH In e agency Wo king G oup (IWG) chai ed by NOAA was es ablished and asked. The IWG consis s o he eigh ede al agencies esponsible o scien ific esea ch in he A c- ic ha ha e ag eed o wo k oge he on SEARCH: • Depa men o Ag icul u e • Na ional Ae onau ics and Space Adminis a ion • Depa men o De ense • Na ional Oceanic and A mosphe ic Adminis a ion • Depa men o Ene gy • Na ional Science Founda ion (cu en IWG chai ) • Depa men o In e io • Smi hsonian Ins i u ion In addi ion, collabo a i e a angemen s we e ini ia ed wi h in e na ional esea ch p og ams such as he A c ic Clima e Sys em S udy (ACSYS), he Clima e and C yosphe e P ojec (CLiC), and he Clima e Va iabili y and P edic abili y (CLIVAR) p og am. The in e na ional aspec s o SEARCH con inue o de elop (see In e na ional Plans, page 3). The SEARCH Implemen a ion S a egy, ou lining science ques ions, p og am o ga- niza ion, and implemen a ion ac i i ies and p io i ies, was published by he SEARCH SSC and IWG in Oc obe 2003 and widely ci cula ed a he Open Science Mee ing. A he No h Pole, an in e na ional esea ch eam is collec ing obse a ions needed o documen and unde s and a c ic change. E e y sp ing since 2000, he eam has es ablished a g oup o unmanned scien ific pla o ms a he No h Pole En i onmen al Obse a o y (NPEO), suppo ed by NSF. Righ , Kelly Falkne o O egon S a e Uni e si y and James Mo ison o he Uni e si y o Washing on d ill h ough he sea ice wi h help om co-pilo Da e Hanbe g du ing he NPEO ai bo ne hyd og aphic su eys in May 2003. A winch is moun ed on he floo o he Twin O e , allowing he eam o lowe ins umen s and sample bo les h ough he ice. Mo ison is pas chai o he SEARCH science s ee ing commi ee and he NPEO’s p incipal in es iga o (see h p://psc.apl.washing on.edu/no hpole). Pho o by Jim Ha ey. 3 The S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change Open Science Mee ing 2004 SEARCH Science S ee ing Commi ee Bob Dickson Cen e o En i onmen , Fishe ies and Aquacul u e Science . [email p o ec ed] Jenni e F ancis Ru ge s Uni e si y [email p o ec ed] Jackie G ebmeie Uni e si y o Tennessee [email p o ec ed] La y Hamil on Uni e si y o New Hampshi e [email p o ec ed] Geo ge Hun Uni e si y o Cali o nia-I ine [email p o ec ed] Kon ad A. Hughen Woods Hole Oceanog aphic Ins i u ion [email p o ec ed] Dennis Le enmaie Uni e si y o Washing on [email p o ec ed] Jim Maslanik Uni e si y o Colo ado [email p o ec ed] Da e McGui e Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks [email p o ec ed] James Mo ison (Pas Chai ) Uni e si y o Washing on [email p o ec ed] Pe e Rhines Uni e si y o Washing on [email p o ec ed] Pe e Schlosse (Chai ) Columbia Uni e si y [email p o ec ed] Gus Sha e Ma ine Biological Labo a o y [email p o ec ed] Kon ad S e en Uni e si y o Colo ado [email p o ec ed] John Walsh Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks [email p o ec ed].edu changes a e ha ing on human communi ies in he con ex o o he poli ical, economic, social, and en i onmen al o ces o change. Se e al app oaches o wo king wi h communi ies and inco po a ing esiden s’ con ibu ions we e p esen ed as models o in eg a e social science and local knowledge in o a c ic change esea ch. Connec ions and Collabo a ion The SEARCH OSM os e ed connec ions be ween indi idual esea che s, p og ams, and esea ch ini ia i es ac oss he A c ic h ough he 24 associa ed mee ings held in conjunc ion wi h he OSM and h ough he in o mal discussions ha occu ed h oughou he mee ing. Rep esen ing a a ie y o opics, o ganiza ions, and dis- ciplines, he associa ed mee ings anged om small imp omp u ga he ings o mo e o mal own hall mee ings. Se e al o hese mee ings a e epo ed on in his issue o Wi ness he A c ic, including: • The Human Dimensions o he A c ic Sys em (HARC) Pa e ns, Connec ions, and Me hods Wo kshop (page 11), • The Be ing Ecosys em S udy (BEST) Town Mee ing (page 30), • SEARCH’s ole in In e na ional Pola Yea (IPY) 2007–2008 (page 23), • he Second In e na ional Con e ence o A c ic Resea ch Planning (ICARP II) Town Mee ing (page 21), and • mee ings on A c ic Geospa ial In o ma ion In as uc u e (page 6). In e na ional Plans App oxima ely one-fi h o he pa icipan s a he OSM came om coun ies ou side he U.S. In all, 18 coun ies, including all o he eigh a c ic na ions, we e ep- esen ed. Se e al associa ed mee ings, in addi ion o hose lis ed abo e, had an in e - na ional ocus, including • a U.S.–China Panel on Pola Science, and • a mee ing o he In e na ional A c ic Science Commi ee (IASC) Pacific A c ic G oup. On he final day o he OSM, a hal - day In e na ional Implemen a ion Fo um e iewed and discussed in e na ional e o s ele an o SEARCH. A he conclusion o his discussion, he A c ic Ocean Sciences Boa d (AOSB) and IASC o e ed o explo e de eloping he in e na ional dimensions o SEARCH, including he possibili y o es ablishing an in e na ional SEARCH science planning g oup. The SEARCH Science S ee ing Commi ee (see box his page) accep ed his o e . Following he SEARCH OSM, Pa ick Webbe , p esiden o IASC, and Tom Pyle, chai o AOSB, in i ed hei espec i e bod- ies o nomina e indi iduals o se e on an in e na ional planning g oup o SEARCH science. In Ma ch, IASC and AOSB named he 13-membe in e im science planning g oup o he In e na ional S udy o A c ic Change (ISAC), chai ed by Lei Ande son o Gö ebo g Uni e si y in Sweden. The g oup me a he A c ic Science Summi Week in Ap il (see page 20). As pa o hei cha ge de eloped by IASC and AOSB, he science planning g oup will de elop an in e na ional science o e iew. The g oup expec s o con- clude hei findings and epo o IASC and AOSB by la e summe 2004. Mo e in o - ma ion will be made a ailable h ough he IASC web si e: www.iasc.no, o he AOSB web si e: www.aosb.o g. Public Awa eness and Educa ion Se e al membe s o he news media, including epo e s om he New Yo k Times, he Sea le Times, he Sea le Pos - In elligence , and Alaska Public Radio, a ended he OSM. A p ess con e ence was held simul aneously in Sea le, in Wash- ing on, D.C., and s eamed online. Media co e age o he con e ence esul ed in a sig- nifican numbe o p in , adio, ele ision, and In e ne s o ies, which a e a ailable h ough he ARCUS web si e: www.a cus. o g/SEARCH/OSM/media.h ml. Mee ing p oceedings a e planned o publica ion in sp ing 2004. Fo mo e in o ma ion on he SEARCH Open Sci- ence Mee ing, including sponso s and o ganize s, agenda, pa icipan lis , ideo webcas s, abs ac s, p esen a ions, and s uden pa icipa ion, see he ARCUS web si e: www.a cus.o g/SEARCH/sea ch. h ml, o con ac Helen Wiggins a ARCUS (907-474-1600; ax 907-474-1604; [email p o ec ed]). Fo mo e in o ma ion on he SEARCH p og am, see he SEARCH p ojec o fice web si e: h p://psc.apl.washing on.edu/sea ch, o con ac Pe e Schlosse a Columbia Uni- e si y (845-365-8707; ax 845-365-8155; [email p o ec ed]). 4 NSF News On Feb ua y 11, Ri a Colwell announced he esigna ion as di ec- o o he Na ional Science Founda ion (NSF), e ec i e Feb ua y 21. The hi d longes -se ing di ec o in NSF’s 54-yea his o y, Colwell has been di ec o o NSF since 1998. He six-yea e m would ha e expi ed in Augus 2004. Du ing he enu e a NSF, Colwell o e saw a majo inc ease in suppo o en i onmen al esea ch h ough such ini ia i es as Biocomplexi y in he En i onmen . A den L. Bemen , J ., he di ec o o he Na ional Ins i u e o S anda ds and Tech- nology (NIST), is ac ing as in e im NSF di ec o and has indica ed ha his is o be a sho - e m appoin men . The p ocess o iden i ying a pe manen NSF di ec o is al eady unde way. Bemen expec s o e u n o NIST ull ime once a new NSF di ec o is appoin ed. Be o e becoming di ec o o NIST in 2001, Bemen was p o esso o nuclea enginee ing a Pu due Uni e si y. He has held a a ie y o posi ions in academia, indus y, and go e nmen , including senio posi ions wi h he Depa men o De ense. Bemen has se ed on he Na ional Science Boa d, he go e ning boa d o he NSF. A e lea ing NSF, Colwell became chai man o Canon U.S. Li e Sciences, Inc. She also holds acul y appoin men s a he Uni e si y o Ma yland, College Pa k, and The John Hopkins Bloombe g School o Public Heal h. Cybe in as uc u e Plans Following on a numbe o wo kshops and epo s on he u u e o ins umen a ion, da a-handling, and compu a ion capabili- ies, he heads o wo NSF di ec o a es o ganized special sessions on cybe in a- s uc u e a he AAAS Annual Mee ing in Sea le in Feb ua y 2004. P esen e s desc ibed a u u e con e gence o in o ma- ion and communica ion echnologies in o a na ional cybe in as uc u e. Ma ga e Leinen, head o NSF’s Geo- sciences di ec o a e, and Pe e F eeman, head o he NSF’s Compu e and In o - ma ion Science and Enginee ing (CISE) di ec o a e, co-o ganized he sessions in Sea le; he sessions we e co-chai ed by NSF Seeks New Di ec o , Plans o Cybe in as uc u e he new CISE di ision di ec o o Sha ed Cybe in as uc u e, Sang ae Kim. In Feb ua y 2003, a epo om he NSF Ad iso y Commi ee o Cybe in a- s uc u e ecommended ha NSF es ablish and lead a la ge-scale, in e agency, and in e na ionally coo dina ed Ad anced Cybe in as uc u e P og am, wi h an es i- ma ed cos o $1 billion annually. Cybe in- as uc u e has become a common heme h oughou NSF, and e e y di ec o a e has unded o is explo ing cybe in as uc u e- ela ed p ojec s. The NSF’s la ge goal o a na ional cybe in as uc u e is o p o ide app op ia e in o ma ion echnology and knowledge managemen esou ces o all science and enginee ing disciplines. To ensu e ha all science and enginee - ing communi ies a e p epa ed o in o m he de elopmen o and e ec i ely use he b oad, e ol ing cybe in as uc u e, NSF plans o hold an open compe i ion du - ing FY 2004 ha will ul ima ely suppo a comp ehensi e se o educa ion, aining, and ou each awa ds. Fo mo e in o ma ion on he AAAS cybe in as uc u e sessions, see: h p://php.aaas.o g/mee ings/MPE_ 01.php?de ail=10060 and h p://php.aaas. o g/mee ings/MPE_01.php?de ail=10061. To download a copy o he cybe in a- s uc u e epo , see: www.cise.ns .go /sci/ epo s/ oc.c m. A c ic Sciences Sec ion a NSF The A c ic Sciences Sec ion o he NSF O fice o Pola P og ams includes ou p o- g am a eas, which a e ea u ed in he ollowing pages: A c ic Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics (pages 5–7), A c ic Sys em Science (ARCSS; pages 7–11), A c ic Na u al Sciences (page 12), and A c ic Social Sciences (page 13). Fo mo e in o ma ion abou he A c ic Sciences Sec ion, see he O fice o Pola P o- g ams web si e: www.ns .go /od/opp. New A c ic Sciences Sec ion Pe sonnel In Augus 2003, William J. Wiseman, J ., joined Jane Dionne as a p og am o fice in he A c ic Na u al Sciences p og am. Bill Wiseman is a physical oceanog aphe who s udied coas al p ocesses along he Alaska No h Slope and in S alba d in he 1970s (see Wi ness Sp ing 2002 membe inse ). He has ecen ly been in ol ed in in e dis- ciplina y s udies a ound la ge i e mou hs. He ea ned deg ees in elec ical enginee - ing and oceanog aphy om Johns Hopkins Uni e si y and augh a he Uni e si y o New Hampshi e (1969–1971) and Louisiana S a e Uni e si y (1971–2003). He holds eme i us s a us a LSU, whe e he se ed as chai o he Depa men o Oceanog aphy and Coas al Sciences ( o me ly he Depa men o Ma ine Sciences) om 1977–79, 1984–86, and 2002–03; chai o he Depa men o Geology and Geophysics om 1987–90; assis an di ec o o he Coas al S udies Ins i u e om 1992–95; and di ec- o o he Coas al S udies Ins i u e om 1995–99. He also se ed as a o a o in he Physical Oceanog aphy p og am a NSF om 2000–2002. Bo h Dionne and Wiseman hold pe manen appoin men s a NSF. Wiseman can be con ac ed a 703-292-8029; ax 703-292-9082; [email p o ec ed] . In Oc obe 2003, Dennis Conlon joined he A c ic Sciences Sec ion on a wo-yea de ail om he O fice o Na al Resea ch. Conlon is a physical oceanog aphe wi h expe ience in managemen o bo h science p og ams and classified ocean sys ems and senso s. He will ocus on imp o ing cybe - and o he in as uc u e in he A c ic and will assis o fice-wide e o s in his a ea (see a icle his page). Conlon may be con ac ed a 703-292-4658; ax 703-292-9082; [email p o ec ed] . 5 A c ic Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics In Oc obe 2003, ARCUS published A c- ic Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics: S a egies and Recommenda ions o Sys em-scale S udies in a Changing En i onmen , which upda es Logis ics Recommenda ions o an Imp o ed U.S. A c ic Resea ch Capabili y, published in 1997. Membe s o he Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics Wo king G oup p epa ed he new epo , using in o ma ion p o ided by he b oade a c ic esea ch communi y, ga he ed h ough su ey esponses, dis- cussions a mee ings and wo kshops, and e iew commen s on a d a o he epo . The esea ch communi y iden ified en i onmen al change as he mos impo - an a c ic science p io i y o he nex decade, equi ing logis ical and esea ch suppo ha enables la ge-scale, long- e m obse a ions and sys em-scale syn hesis and modeling. The epo ou lines h ee b oad New Logis ics Repo A ailable ing Labo a o y. Copies a e a ailable by e-mailing [email p o ec ed], o as a PDF on he ARCUS web si e: www. a cus.o g/Logis ics/logis ics03.h ml. Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Alison Yo k a ARCUS (907-474-1600; ax 907-474- 1604; yo k@a cus.o g). VPR Uni es Resou ces, Expe ise o Suppo Resea che s The Global Change Resea ch G oup (GCRG) a San Diego S a e Uni- e si y, led by Wal Oechel, has collec ed da a on yea - ound CO2 flux om und a ecosys ems o almos wo decades. In 2003, Oechel eques ed assis ance om he NSF A c ic Resea ch Logis ics and Sup- po Se ices (ARLSS) con ac o , VECO Pola Resou ces (VPR), o place a new eddy co a iance owe a I o uk, Alaska, in he emo e oo hills o he wes e n B ooks Range. Funded by he NSF ARCSS P o- g am (see pages 7–11), Oechel’s esea ch objec i es p esen ed subs an ial logis ical challenges, including equi emen s o au onomous powe , de-icing, and da a ans e . VECO Pola Resou ces is a business union o h ee sepa a e companies: • VECO, • Pola Field Se ices, and • SRI In e na ional. Each o he h ee companies o e s complemen a y esou ces and expe ise, p o iding he capabili ies needed o majo p ojec s such as Oechel’s, while allowing VPR i sel o emain a small g oup. VECO, a mul ina ional co po a ion based in Alaska, p o ides p ojec man- agemen , enginee ing, p ocu emen , cons uc ion, ope a ions, and main e- nance expe ise o indus y and he public sec o (see www. eco.com). Fo Oechel’s p ojec , VECO supplied hea y equip- men , a p ojec es si e a P udhoe Bay, and skilled labo . Pola Field Se ices, Inc. (PFS), he co e o VPR, p o ides all o he di ec science planning and suppo (see h p:// pola field.com). PFS has 11 employees wi h expe ience suppo ing esea che s in he A c ic and he An a c ic. PFS planned and u nished much o he specific logis i- cal suppo ha Oechel’s p ojec needed, including ood, camping gea , land pe - mi s, and con ac ing a small a mada o ai planes o mo e people and gea , as well as de eloping, con ac ing, and es ing a unique diesel/ba e y powe sys em. SRI In e na ional is an independen , nonp ofi esea ch ins i u e, wi h expe ise in communica ions and enginee ing ech- nology. SRI has gained a c ic expe ience h ough ope a ing acili ies in G eenland and he Canadian high A c ic (see www. s i.com). SRI p ojec manage s we e key o de eloping he I o uk p ojec ’s de-icing capabili ies and he communica ions sys em o da a e ie al and sys em con ol (see h p:// anspo .s i.com/i o uk). SRI iden ified a sa elli e sys em capable o p o- iding wo-way, eal- ime In e ne connec- i i y o mee he p ojec ’s needs o high a es o da a ans e . A eam o VECO echnicians, PFS s a , GCRG pe sonnel, and SRI s a es ed he powe , de-icing, and communi- ca ion sys ems a P udhoe Bay om mid- Feb ua y o mid-Ap il 2003. To cap u e da a du ing he sp ing mel season, VPR p o isioned a wo-pe son camp a I o uk o suppo a May 2003 deploymen o he owe and comple ed ins alla ion o he powe and da a ans e sys ems in June o 2003. VPR will conduc scheduled main e- nance o he powe and da a communica- ions sys ems in u u e yea s. VPR is en e ing he fi h and final yea o i s A c ic Resea ch Logis ics and Sup- po Se ices (ARLSS) con ac . NSF will be accep ing new bids o he con ac in 2004. VPR expec s o be an applican . Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he VPR web si e: www. ecopola .com, o con ac Ma in Kuizenga (907-455-4214; 907-455-4126; ma in@pola field.com). s a egies o mee he cu en ange o a c- ic esea ch suppo and logis ics needs: • supply c i ical componen s o de elop- men o a pan-a c ic pe spec i e; • suppo he basic in as uc u e o sa e and e ficien esea ch; and • maximize esou ces and coope a ion. The epo is in ended o p o ide guid- ance o all ede al agencies wi h in e es s in he A c ic, as well as o Cong ess, in de el- oping and imp o ing a c ic esea ch sup- po . As a li ing documen , he epo will equi e u u e upda es as esea ch p io i ies change and logis ics and esea ch-suppo asse s con inue o imp o e. The NSF O fice o Pola P og ams sponso ed he wo king g oup, co-chai ed by Pe e Schlosse o Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y and Te y Tucke o Cold Regions Resea ch and Enginee - 6 A c ic Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics A c ic P ojec s Demons a e Powe , Po en ial o GIS A c ic esea che s a e inc easingly mak- ing use o Geog aphic In o ma ion Sys ems (GIS) as a esea ch ool, building on he a ailabili y o geospa ial da a and e ealing he need o imp o emen s in geospa ial in o ma ion in as uc u e (GII) o he A c ic. Geospa ial in o ma ion in a- s uc u e o spa ial da a in as uc u e (SDI) includes no only GIS da a laye s, bu he ha dwa e, so wa e, da a s anda ds, ne wo k- ing and o he essen ial componen s ha make spa ial da a use ul o g oups o use s. Encou aged by in e es om he esea ch communi y, he A c ic Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics (RSL) p og am sponso ed he A c ic GIS Wo kshop in Janua y 2001. O e 100 pa icipan s me o discuss applica ions and needs o GIS in a c ic esea ch (see Wi - ness Win e 2000/2001). Wi h he guidance o an o ganizing commi ee, he pa icipan s de eloped ounda ional ecommenda ions and iden ified s eps o implemen ing mo e in eg a ion, s uc u e, and s abili y o a c- ic SDI. The g oup ecommended bo h a op-down o ganized app oach o con inued SDI de elopmen in suppo o ci cuma c- ic esea ch and, a he same ime, g owing egional o opical demons a ion p ojec s om he bo om up, esul ing in geospa ial da a se s linked h ough a c ic SDI. The ecommenda ions om he 2001 wo kshop con inue o d i e NSF suppo o a c ic GIS and SDI e o s, and g oups o esea che s, GIS expe s, esea ch suppo p o ide s, and o he s ha e made ad ance- men s in a c ic SDI. Th ee majo a enues o de elopmen a e: • egional o opical da a nodes, • SDI o link nodes oge he and p o ide basic in o ma ion o a wide audience, and • SDI o decision suppo applica ions in a c ic logis ics and planning. Examples o such e o s can be seen in • he Ba ow A ea In o ma ion Da abase In e ne Map Se e (BAID-IMS; see figu e and h p://ims.a c icscience.o g), • he Ci cumpola A c ic Geobo anical A las (see page 27 and www.geobo any. ua .edu/a c icgeobo ), and • online maps o p ojec s suppo ed by he A c ic Sciences Sec ion a NSF (see www. ecopola .com). An example sc een sho om he Ba ow A ea In o ma ion Da abase In e ne Map Se e (BAID-IMS; h p://ims.a c icscience.o g). In e ne map se e p ojec s such as he BAID-IMS allow anyone wi h In e ne access he abili y o iew, que y, and analyze geospa ial da a in a simple g aphical in e ace. This ype o on-line GIS esou ce ep esen s one o he many applica ions possible h ough a c ic spa ial da a in as uc u e (SDI) de elopmen . These e o s and o he s like hem a e d i en by small g oups o esea che s and spa ial da a expe s wo king oge he on ocused ac i i ies. Since he 2001 wo kshop, wo addi ional mee ings ha e discussed u u e di ec ions o a c ic SDI, bo h egionally and encompassing he ci cumpola A c ic. A mee ing o oppo - uni y was held on 30 Oc obe 2003 in Sea le, Washing on, in conjunc ion wi h he SEARCH Open Science Mee ing (see page 1) o discuss and ga he inpu on implemen a ion plans o imp o e- men s in a c ic SDI, building on he 2001 mee ing. The ollowing day, a g oup o esea che s and SDI expe s me o discuss SDI ad ances specifically o he No h Slope o Alaska. Summa ies and in o ma- ion om hese wo mee ings a e a ailable on he A c ic GIS web si e (www.a cus. o g/gis). The A c ic GIS web si e p o ides a pla o m o he exchange o in o ma ion and ideas o encou age and ca alyze u he discussion and planning. The si e includes: • in o ma ion om mee ings con ened o discuss a c ic GII, including wo kshop epo s and summa ies, p esen a ions, and agendas; • anno a ed lis s o ele an web si es; • an online discussion o um o exchang- ing in o ma ion and ideas, including open-ended, use -defined discussion h eads and an a enue o mode a ed hema ic discussions; and • news and e en s. The web si e and o he ongoing e o s in a c ic SDI a e suppo ed by he RSL p og am, which unds SDI p ojec s wi h po en ially b oad benefi s o esea ch o esea ch suppo unde he gene al solici a ion o he A c ic Sciences Sec ion (www.ns .go /pubsys/ods/ge pub.c m?ods_ key=ns 03574). Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he A c ic GIS web si e: www.a cus.o g/gis, o con ac Helen Wiggins a ARCUS (907-474-1600; ax 907-474-1604; [email p o ec ed]) o Renée C ain a NSF (703-292-8029; ax 703-292-9082; c ain@ns .go ). 7 Plans o secu ing a mul icapable esea ch essel o he Alaska egion a e mo ing o wa d. The Na ional Sci- ence Founda ion success ully p esen ed he Alaska Region Resea ch Vessel (ARRV) o he Na ional Science Boa d, and as a esul i was app o ed o inclusion in he Majo Resea ch Equipmen (MRE) budge eques o FY05 o beyond. Wi h he p elimina y design o he ARRV comple ed, NSF is suppo ing he p epa a ion o he con ac design. The design eam om he Woods Hole Ocean- og aphic Ins i u ion and he Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks is wo king wi h The Glos en Associa es o Sea le, wi h ad ice om a b oad-based use commi ee. Plans call o comple ion o his phase by mid- summe 2004. The ARRV is p oposed o eplace he R/V Alpha Helix, which was commissioned in 1966 (see Wi ness Au umn 2001). The new ship will ha e many capabili ies— fishe ies esea ch, oceanog aphic esea ch, and co ing among hem. Specifically designed o wo king in Alaskan wa e s, he ARRV will be able o suppo scien ific esea ch om he seasonal pack ice o he A c ic Ocean o he s o my open wa e s o he Gul o Alaska. I will measu e 72 m (236 ee ) in leng h, displace mo e han 3,150 me ic ons, and accommoda e up o 28 in es iga o s. A majo ea u e is he abili y o wo k wi hin seasonal sea ice yea ound. The ARRV will be able o slice h ough fi s -yea sea ice up o 0.75 m (2.5 ee ) hick and will easily ansi ice idges up o 2.1 m (7 ee ) hick. O ficially, he ARRV is a ed as a Pola Class 5 ship unde c i e ia p oposed by he In e na ional Asso- cia ion o Classifica ion Socie ies (IACS). Powe ing he ship is an in eg a ed diesel–elec ic powe plan ha gene a es AC powe o he ship’s elec ical needs and deli e s 5,750 ho sepowe o he ship’s wo ice- a ed azimu hing Z-d i e p opelle s. Each p opelle is mo e han 2.4 m (8 ee ) in diame e and is made o ice- a ed s ain- less s eel. A single 800-ho sepowe bow h us e gi es he essel he capabili y o maneu e in igh places o hold p ecise s a ion in ough seas. The ship will be able o s ay a sea o a leas 45 days while spending 20–25% o he ime in ice. Fo mo e in o ma ion con ac Ve a Alexande a he Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks (907-474-7210; ax 907-474- 7204; [email p o ec ed].edu). A c ic Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics Following he ARCSS All-Hands mee - ing in Feb ua y 2002 (see Wi ness Sp ing 2002), he ARCSS P og am began a ansi- ion om s udies de eloped and o e seen by disciplina y g oups o an in eg a ed esea ch p og am di ec ed mo e owa d syn hesis (see page 8). The ollowing pages include in o ma ion abou he ARCSS syn- hesis p ocess as well as he cu en s a us o se e al o he ongoing scien ific ini ia i es suppo ed by he ARCSS P og am: • he Wes e n A c ic Shel -Basin In e ac ions (SBI; see page 10), • he Human Dimensions o he A c ic Sys em (HARC; see page 11), and ARCSS P og am Plans Mo e Fo wa d o Alaska Region Resea ch Vessel This iew o he ARRV concep design shows he ice-capable hull o m, e ac able cen e boa d o ansduce s, and win azimu hing p opelle s. Illus a ion by John Fa me , Fa me Ma ine Design Se ices. The A c ic Sys em Science (ARCSS) P og am began in 1989 as one o he 22 Global Change Resea ch p og ams a NSF. An in e disciplina y p og am, ARCSS cu en ly unds mo e han 120 p ojec s. Mos o i s unding is di ec ed o la ge in eg a ed esea ch p ojec s ha a e p oposed and implemen ed in esponse o science plans de eloped h ough commu- ni y planning p ocesses such as wo kshops, pee e iew o d a plans, and he wo k o science s ee ing commi ees. The p o- g am as a whole is guided by he scien ific communi y h ough he ARCSS Commi - ee (see page 8). • Pan-A c ic Communi y-wide Hyd ological Analysis and Moni o - ing P og am (A c ic-CHAMP) and he allied F eshwa e Ini ia i e (see page 9). A new ARCSS solici a ion o S udy o he No he n Alaska Coas al Sys em (SNACS; see page 10) will also con ib- u e o he S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change (SEARCH; see page 1). Fo mo e in o ma ion abou he ARCSS P og am, see he NSF web si e: www.ns .go /od/opp/a c ic/sys em.h m, o con ac P og am Di ec o Neil Swanbe g (703-292-8029; ax 703-292-9081; [email p o ec ed] ). A c ic Sys em Science P og am Guided by Communi y 8 ARCSS P og am whe he , in ac , he A c ic is mo ing owa d a new s a e. By he end o he week, pa icipan s eached nea -unanimous ag eemen ha he A c ic is likely mo ing ou side he en elope o pas expe ience— possibly owa d a new s a e—and ha we do no ye unde s and he implica ions o he A c ic, he global clima e sys em, o human socie y. Pa icipan s also ag eed ha a s a e change could include majo su p ises and non-linea i ies, and ha he implica ions could be wide- anging and subs an ial o humans. An impo an p oduc om he e ea is a pape (in p epa a ion) desc ibing he mo i a ion o he syn hesis app oach, as well as new insigh s om discussions a he Big Sky ga he ing. Discussions cen e ed on he in e wo en complexi y o ecen a c ic change, how his ab ic o change is ied o he la ge global sys em, how i will un old in coming yea s, and wha he implica ions o humans may be. Majo ques ions aised a he e ea included: Wha a e he p ima y d i e s o he change? Which componen s o he sys em will expe ience he g ea es impac s and wha will hey be? Wha a e he dominan eedbacks among he key com- ponen s, and will hose eedbacks change i he A c ic shi s o a new s a e? A e we app oaching a h eshold in he clima e sys em ha may igge an ab up shi ? Can we iden i y nega i e eedbacks ha a e s ong enough o coun e ac obse ed changes du ing ecen decades? Answe s o hese ques ions will no come om in es iga ions a ge ing one componen o he ecosphe e. They equi e a b oad, sys em-wide pe spec i e, bo h pas - and u u e-looking, ha conside s in e ac ions among he ocean, a mosphe e, biology, and human socie y. Resul s om he Big Sky e ea we e p esen ed in a keyno e add ess o he S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change (SEARCH) Open Science Mee ing in Oc obe 2003 (see page 1) by Jona han O e peck on behal o he ARCSS Com- mi ee and e ea pa icipan s. The p esen- a ion p o ided an o e iew o he ARCSS ision o syn hesis and desc ibed he h ee main esul s om he e ea : (1) a con as be ween he a c ic sys em s a e o oday and he possible u u e scena io o a seasonally ice- ee s a e, (2) he cu en sys em-wide pa e n o obse ed changes is a ha binge o a pos- sible new sys em s a e, and posi i e eed- backs (and h eshold esponses) could accele a e s a e change in he u u e, and (3) he esea ch communi y should look ou side he a c ic sys em o he mos a s and eining mechanisms ha could e a d o e e se a c ic change. The p esen a ion ended wi h an ou line o wha he syn hesis iew could mean o socie y bo h wi hin and ou side he A c ic. ARCSS P og am In eg a ion and Coo dina ion In conce wi h hese scien ific syn he- sis ac i i ies, in 2003 and ea ly 2004 he ARCSS Commi ee and Neil Swanbe g, he NSF p og am di ec o , began he p o- cess o eo ganizing he ARCSS P og am wi h he o e all goal o a mo e in e disci- plina y, syn hesis-based app oach o unde - s anding he a c ic sys em h ough be e in eg a ion o he many scien ific disci- plines con ibu ing o ARCSS esea ch. The ARCSS Commi ee (AC) me o ou days in Feb ua y 2004 o discuss he ARCSS science goals o he nex se e al yea s and s a egies o a mo e in eg a ed managemen and coo dina ion s uc u e. The commi ee ecommended ha he ARCSS P og am emphasize an o e iew ha he AC belie es o be achie able only h ough in e disciplina y collabo a ion and ha he p og am lowe he emphasis on independen componen s udies de eloped by disciplina y g oups, hus con inuing he ends o inc easing cen al coo dina- ion and dec easing suppo o disciplina y ac i i ies. The de ails o how his concep will be ealized a e s ill being de eloped. O e he nex six o nine mon hs, howe e , many o he day- o-day coo dina ion and managemen asks now being handled by a ious ARCSS science managemen o fices will be ga he ed in a new ARCSS Manage- men O fice. Cen alized ARCSS coo dina ion and managemen s uc u es will no eplace he A c ic Sys em Syn hesis Encou ages P og am In eg a ion Is he a c ic sys em mo ing o a new s a e ou side he en elope o he na u al glacial–in e glacial cycle? This “Big Ques- ion” eme ged om he week-long e ea o 25 scien is s ep esen ing mos o he sci- en ific disciplines wo king in he NSF A c- ic Sys em Science (ARCSS) P og am. The Augus 2003 e ea in Big Sky, Mon ana, was an impo an s ep in he p og am’s shi om componen -o ien ed esea ch o a p ima y emphasis on scien ific syn hesis. Begun in 1989, he ARCSS P og am’s body o esea ch now has ma u ed su fi- cien ly o begin assembling a ue sys ems iew o he A c ic. Pa icipan s a he Feb ua y 2002 ARCSS All-Hands Wo k- shop (see Wi ness Sp ing 2002) and he Oc obe 2002 ARCSS Commi ee mee ing ag eed ha , wi h mo e han wel e yea s o esea ch on a ious aspec s o he a c ic sys em, ARCSS is well-poised o unde - ake a ocused syn hesis. The undamen al goals o he ARCSS syn hesis a e o gain a mo e clea unde s anding o how he A c- ic wo ks as a sys em and as a componen o he global sys em. The syn hesis phase includes bo h a scien ific syn hesis and inc easingly in eg a ed implemen a ion o he o e all ARCSS P og am. The p ocess o syn hesizing he com- muni y’s collec i e knowledge o he a c ic sys em began a he All-Hands Wo kshop, wi h mo e han 300 ARCSS esea che s pa icipa ing, and con inued wi h he Big Sky Re ea in Augus 2003. The e ea ’s goal was o dis ill and in eg a e a ailable knowledge in o a mo e holis ic pe spec- i e o he a c ic sys em. Scien is s om a a ie y o disciplines in es iga ing many componen s o he a c ic sys em a ended, and o mos i was a emendous lea n- ing expe ience—an oppo uni y o discuss commonali ies and linkages wi h esea ch- e s who a ely c oss pa hs: ma ine biolo- gis s wi h pe ma os expe s, a mosphe ic modele s wi h soil scien is s, oceanog a- phe s wi h sociologis s. This amalgama ion o knowledge led o he ealiza ion ha a c ic change is pe asi e, widesp ead, and d ama ic, and hence o he “Big Ques ion.” Th oughou he week, he pa icipan s wo ked oge he , each o e ing hei own expe ise and pe spec i e, o de e mine con inued on nex page 9 and he implica ions o change o human socie y. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he ARCSS Commi ee web si e: www.a cus.o g/ ARCSS/ARCSS.h ml, o con ac Dan Fe guson (907-474-1600; ax 907-474- 1604; [email p o ec ed]). The cu en membe s o he ARCSS Commi ee a e: Jona han O e peck (chai ), Uni e si y o A izona; Jenni e F ancis, Ru ge s Uni e si y; Law ence Hamil on, Uni e si y o New Hampshi e; Ma ika Holland, Na ’l Cen e o A mosphe ic Resea ch; Glen MacDonald, Uni e si y o Cali o nia; C aig Nicolson, Uni e si y o Massachuse s; Don Pe o ich, Cold Regions Resea ch and Enginee ing Labo a o y (CRREL), New Hampshi e; Ma k Se eze, Uni e si y o Colo ado; Ma hew S u m, CRREL, Alaska; Cha les Vö ösma y, Uni e si y o New Hampshi e, and John Wea he ly, CRREL, New Hampshi e. Neil Swanbe g is he NSF ARCSS P og am Di ec o . ARCSS P og am A c ic-CHAMP Coo dina es F eshwa e Ini ia i e P ojec s bo h in o mally and, a imes, wi h mo e di ec in ol emen o he AC. The AC will wo k di ec ly wi h he communi y g oups ha a e shaping esea ch ideas in o imple- men a ion plans and will guide he u he de elopmen o he plans ha will se e as he basis o ARCSS P og am announce- men s o oppo uni y. The AC will p i- o i ize ecommenda ions om a ious communi ies, iden i ying esea ch needs om an a c ic sys em pe spec i e, and will o e see he de elopmen o ARCSS esea ch om he fi s s ages o ecommen- da ions de eloped a he communi y le el o implemen a ion, he gene a ion o da a se s, syn hesis o esul s, communica ion o he scien ific and o he communi ies, and in eg a ion in o an o e all unde s anding o he A c ic, i s ole in he global sys em, communi y-le el science de elopmen ha has been he hallma k o ARCSS o e he yea s. Much hough is being gi en o p o- cesses ha will enable indi idual ARCSS esea che s and ne wo ked esea ch com- muni ies o wo k oge he o b ing o wa d ideas o conside a ion o ARCSS P og am implemen a ion. De eloping a cen alized coo dina ion and managemen s uc u e is in ended o c ea e clea , di ec pa hways o coo dina ion and planning wi hin he ARCSS esea ch communi y, as well as wi h he ARCSS Commi ee and he NSF ARCSS P og am. The mechanisms h ough which he ARCSS P og am will adop esea ch ini ia- i es o implemen a ion will include he eme gence o key ques ions and iden ified p io i ies o esea ch om he communi y, o s udy he sou ces, a es, and a ia ions in he pan-a c ic eshwa e cycle. The FWI p ojec s ep esen an ARCSS con ibu ion o SEARCH ha will: • explo e decade- o-cen u y a iabili y o he a c ic wa e cycle, and • link land dynamics o ocean wa e mass and ci cula ion h ough he s ocks and fluxes o eshwa e . FWI syn hesis p ojec s ocus on key componen s o he a c ic eshwa e cycle, including a mosphe e, ocean, ice, snow, i e s, land, and modeling e o s. Mee ings and Plans Mo e han 45 people, including g adua e s uden s and echnicians, a ended a mee - ing o FWI in es iga o s held in associa ion wi h he SEARCH Open Science Mee ing in Sea le in Oc obe 2003 (see page 1). The pu pose o he mee ing was o coo di- na e ongoing p og am ac i i ies and plan u u e in eg a ion e o s, and i s minu es and agenda a e a ailable on he A c ic- CHAMP web si e (h p://a c icchamp. s .unh.edu/newsandno es.sh ml). The A c ic-CHAMP Science S ee - ing Commi ee (SSC), co-chai ed by La y Hinzman a he Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks and Cha les Vö ösma y a he Uni e si y o New Hampshi e, me in Decembe 2004 a he Ame ican Geophysi- cal Union mee ing in San F ancisco. The 14 membe s o he SSC discussed: • he s a us o he in e disciplina y imple- men a ion plan, due o be comple ed in ea ly 2004, • upda es om he Science Managemen O fice, and • u u e syn hesis e o s and p oduc s. Ideas o u u e syn hesis ac i i ies include a book ocusing on he a c ic eshwa e cycle and a F eshwa e Ini ia i e Educa ion Ins i u e o unde g adua e and g adua e s uden s in e es ed in s udying he a c ic egion. The A c ic-CHAMP SMO is plan- ning o a F eshwa e Ini ia i e All-Hands mee ing 4–7 May 2004 in Woods Hole, Massachuse s. Mo e in o ma ion on he mee ing is a ailable on he A c ic-CHAMP web si e. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he A c ic- CHAMP web si e: h p://a c icchamp. s .unh.edu, o con ac SMO Execu i e Di ec o Jona han Pundsack (603-862- 0552; ax 603-862-0587; jona han. [email p o ec ed]), La y Hinzman (907-474-7331; ax 907-474-7979; fl[email p o ec ed]), o Cha les Vö ösma y (603-862-0850; ax 603-862-0587; [email p o ec ed]). Wi h suppo om he ARCSS P o- g am (see page 7), he Science Managemen O fice (SMO) o he Pan- A c ic Communi y-wide Hyd ological Analysis and Moni o ing P og am (A c ic- CHAMP) opened in June 2003. NSF es ablished he A c ic-CHAMP p og am in 2001 (see Wi ness Sp ing 2003) o: • imp o e unde s anding o a c ic hyd ol- ogy and i s linkages wi h closely ela ed a mosphe ic, e es ial, and oceanic p o- cesses and cycles, and • os e collabo a ion wi h he many ele an U.S. and in e na ional a c ic esea ch ini ia i es. The fi s A c ic-CHAMP p ojec s, unded in 2002 unde he i le A c ic F eshwa e Cycle: Land/Uppe -Ocean Linkages (also known as he F eshwa e Ini ia i e [FWI]), link NSF con ibu ions ac oss h ee p og ams: • A c ic-CHAMP, • he A c ic/Sub-A c ic Ocean Fluxes (ASOF) P og amme (see Wi ness Win e 2000/2001), and • he S udy o En i onmen al A c ic Change (SEARCH; see page 1). The 18 FWI p ojec s, wi h ou addi- ional collabo a i e p ojec s unded unde o he NSF p og ams, b ing oge he a mo- sphe ic, e es ial, and ma ine esea che s 16 Capi ol Upda es On Janua y 23, P esiden Bush signed he omnibus app op ia ions bill ha includes he FY 2004 NSF budge . The bill p o ides $5.6 billion o NSF, an inc ease o 3.9% o $208 million o e FY 2003 and $97 million mo e han he p esiden ’s 2004 budge eques . Al hough he 2002 NSF Au ho iza ion Ac calls o a doubling o he NSF budge be ween FY 2002 and FY 2007 (see Wi ness Sp ing 2002), he FY 2004 app op ia ion alls $1 billion sho o he au ho ized $6.6 billion unding le el. The Resea ch and Rela ed Ac i i ies accoun ecei es $4.3 billion, 5.5% o $222 million mo e han FY 2003. The esea ch di ec o a es ecei e inc eases be ween 3% and 7.4%. The O fice o Pola P og ams ecei es $343 million, an inc ease o 7.4% o $24 million. O his, he A c- ic Resea ch P og am’s es ima ed budge o $44 million is a 14.6% inc ease o e FY 2003. This inc ease consis s la gely o $5.8 million designa ed by he Sena e “ o suppo SEARCH [S udy o En i onmen- al A c ic Change] in as uc u e needs, including esea ch suppo o he Ba ow A c ic Resea ch Facili y” (Sena e Repo 108-143). The A c ic Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics P og am inc eases by 3.5% o $31.4 million. The ele an Con e ence Commi ee epo (H.R. 108-401) di ec s NSF o “p o ide de ails on he unding le els o esea ch and logis ics wi hin he U.S. Pola Resea ch P og ams in he FY 2004 ope a ing plan.” NSF’s Educa ion and Human Resou ces (EHR) p og ams ecei e $939 million, 0.4% abo e FY 2003, includ- ing $140 million o Ma h and Science Pa ne ships, $95 million o he Expe i- men al P og am o S imula e Compe i i e Resea ch (EPSCoR), and $25 million o he Science, Technology, Enginee ing, and Ma hema ics Talen Expansion P og am (STEP). S a ed las yea wi h a budge o $2 million, he STEP p og am seeks o inc ease he numbe o U.S. ci izens o pe manen esiden s ea ning unde g adua e deg ees in science, echnology, enginee ing, and ma hema ics. Funding o he Majo Resea ch Equipmen and Facili ies Cons uc ion (MREFC) accoun is $155 million in FY 2004, below he $202 million eques , and unds fi e o se en eques ed p oj- ec s, including he IceCube Neu ino De ec o Obse a o y in An a c ica ($42 million) and cons uc ion on Sou h Pole S a ion ($1.3 million). Cong ess declined o und wo MREFC p ojec s: he High-Pe o mance Ins umen ed Ai bo ne Pla o m (HIAPER) and he Na ional Ecological Obse a o ies Ne wo k (NEON), a sys em o esea ch acili ies and ins umen s o in eg a ed en i onmen al obse a ions (see Wi ness Sp ing 2000). The Majo Resea ch Ins umen a ion p o- g am wi hin In eg a i e Ac i i ies ecei es $110 million, a $27 million inc ease. FY 2005 Budge Reques In ea ly Feb ua y, he p esiden submi ed his FY 2005 budge eques o Cong ess. The NSF eques is $5.745 billion, a 3% o e all inc ease abo e he FY 2004 budge . The 2005 eques o he Resea ch and Rela ed Ac i i ies accoun inc eases by 4.7% o $4.452 billion. The budge eques o Pola P og ams is $350 million, an inc ease o 2.2% o e FY 2004. The eques o he A c ic Resea ch P og am is $44.9 million, a 2% inc ease, and he eques o he A c ic Resea ch Suppo and Logis ics P og am is $32.12 million, an inc ease o 2.3%. The 2005 NSF budge seeks unding o six majo esea ch acili ies: • $12 million o NEON, • $40.85 million o ou fi a new esea ch essel o suppo he in e na ional In eg a ed Ocean D illing P og am, • $30 million o he Ra e Symme y Viola ing P ocess p ojec a he B ookha en Na ional Labo a o y, • $49.67 million o he A acama La ge Millime e A ay in Chile, • $33.4 million o he IceCube Neu ino Obse a o y, and • $47.35 million o Ea hscope, a na ion- wide geological obse a o y ne wo k. The 2005 budge eques also includes a 14.6% inc ease o he Long Te m Ecologi- cal Resea ch P og am, o $18 million, and $363 million o O ganiza ional Excellence, an NSF s a egic goal ha emphasizes he use o sound business p ac ices in adminis a ion. NSB Calls o $19 Billion Budge Acco ding o a epo om he Na ional Science Boa d (NSB) eleased in Feb ua y, he NSF budge mus each $19 billion o b ing he ede al in es men in basic esea ch and educa ion o a le el ha will sus ain u u e U.S. leade ship in science and echnology. The epo esponds o Sec ion 22 o he 2002 NSF Au ho iza- ion Ac (see Wi ness Sp ing 2002), which di ec s he NSB o add ess and examine he budge a y and p og amma ic g ow h p o ided o by he ac . Tha ac au ho izes inc easing NSF unding o $9.8 billion by FY 2007. The NSB epo iden ifies six p io i y ecommenda ions o NSF in es - men i he au ho ized unding inc ease is app op ia ed: • imp o e he p oduc i i y o esea che s and expand oppo uni ies o s uden s, p ima ily by inc easing he size and du a ion o awa ds; • open new on ie s in esea ch and educa ion, including explo ing no el esea ch app oaches and de eloping echnologies; • build a di e se, compe i i e, and globally engaged U.S. science and enginee ing wo k o ce; • inc ease he numbe and di e si y o ins i u ions ha pa icipa e in NSF- unded ac i i ies; • p o ide scien is s and enginee s wi h ad anced ools, acili ies, and cybe in as uc u e (see page 4); and • main ain NSF’s excellence in managemen . The epo also analyzes he ull ex en o he esea ch and educa ion needs ha a e no cu en ly being me and de e mines ha he NSF budge mus be inc eased o nea ly $19 billion o add ess hem ully. The NSB is made up o 24 membe s appoin ed by he p esiden o p o ide ad ice on U.S. science and echnology issues o Cong ess and he p esiden . Fo mo e in o ma ion on he NSF FY 2004 and 2005 budge s, see he NSF Budge Di ision web si e: www.ns .go / b a/bud. Fo mo e in o ma ion on he NSB epo , see he NSB web si e: www. ns .go /nsb. Final 2004 NSF Budge Inc eases 3.9% 17 Educa ion News A he Ame ican Geophysical Union mee ing in Decembe 2003, a special session i led Pola A ac ion: Linking Pola Science wi h Educa ion and Ou - each explo ed he po en ial o using pola esea ch o engage people in unde s and- ing and app ecia ing science. The session b ough pola au ho s, jou nalis s, and museum cu a o s oge he wi h scien is s, educa o s, and NSF p og am manage s. P esen a ions ocused on how o p oduce e ec i e p og ams ha engage di e en audiences: K–12, unde g adu- a e, and he gene al public. P esen e s ecommended linking esea ch wi h he b oade hemes o explo a ion, disco e y, ad en u e, isola ion, ha dship, passion, sel - eliance, and exo ic landscapes and bio a. Fo example, Ma y Mille , o he San F ancisco Explo a o ium and “Li e om An a c ica,” demons a ed how e ec i e i can be o connec museum isi o s wi h an ad en u e and he passions o scien is s o hei esea ch. Robe Wha on, o he NSF O fice o Pola P og ams, p esen ed a sui e o op ions o unding and encou aged he pola scien ific communi ies o look o addi ional a enues o b idge hei esea ch wi h educa ion. Don Pe o ich, Cold Regions Resea ch and Enginee ing Labo a- o y, said, “Don’ jus alk abou hings, find ways o ge kids in ol ed in doing hem.” The pos e session highligh ed a numbe o o he app oaches o linking pola science wi h educa ion and ou each and p o ided an oppo uni y o pa ici- pan s o discuss successes and ailu es and o b ains o m on u u e di ec ions. NSF has unded a wo kshop planned o June 2004 called B idging he Poles: Educa ion Linked wi h Resea ch o build on he in o ma ion gained in his special session and in wo p e ious wo kshops on simila opics (one on pola K–12 educa- ion in 1997, and one on a c ic science educa ion in 2000; see Wi ness Sp ing 1998 and Sp ing 2002). The objec i e o he new wo kshop is o de elop a s a egy ha will • enable pola scien is s o conduc mean- ing ul educa ion and ou each, and • help educa o s o include pola esea ch in hei class ooms. The wo kshop will define u u e di ec ions o pola educa ion, including needed in as uc u e, ha will also maxi- mize he educa ional impac o he In e - na ional Pola Yea beginning in 2007 (see page 23). The goal is o build s onge pa ne ships be ween he a c ic and An - a c ic scien ific communi ies, and be ween educa ion and pola esea ch, in o de o engage he nex gene a ion o scien is s, enginee s, and leade s as well as o educa e he gene al public abou pola egions. Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac S ephanie Pfi man (212-854-5120; spfi[email p o ec ed]) o Robin Bell ( [email protected]). Pola A ac ion: Linking Pola Science wi h Educa ion A young s uden p epa es o an a c ic field expe imen . Pho o by Don Pe o ich. New P og am B ings Teache s o Field Resea ch In Feb ua y 2004, ARCUS ini ia ed a new p og am suppo ing esea ch expe- iences o educa o s called Teache s and Resea che s Explo ing and Collabo a ing (TREC). Ten K–12 eache s we e selec ed o join TREC, wo king closely wi h sci- en is s on a c ic field esea ch p ojec s. To begin hei collabo a ions, he esea ch eams and eache s pa icipa ed in o ien a- ion “webina s” (web-based semina s) held in Ma ch. Each eache will a el o a p ojec ’s field si e o collabo a e wi h in es iga- o s, in eg a ing esea ch and educa ion and in using inqui y-based science in o class ooms and communi ies. Teache s will sha e hei expe iences h ough online jou nals and o he in o ma ion pos ed on he TREC web si e, which also includes ele an cu iculum esou ces and lea ning ac i i ies. This collabo a ion in igo a es science eaching and lea ning and ins ills in young people an en husiasm o science, inqui y, and wo king oge he o add ess ques ions impo an o hei communi ies. TREC p o ides p o essional de elop- men o eache s who pa icipa e in field esea ch p ojec s as well as educa o s who connec h ough he In e ne . TREC each- e s pa icipa e in a collabo a i e lea ning communi y o educa o s and esea che s h ough a ecip ocal exchange o expe ience and knowledge be ween esea che s and educa o s. TREC is an in e im p og am, build- ing on he aluable lessons o he Teache s Expe iencing An a c ica and he A c ic (TEA) p og am, which was unded by he NSF Educa ion and Human Resou ces Di ec o a e and he O fice o Pola P o- g ams (OPP). Funding o TREC is p o- ided by OPP, wi h logis ical suppo om VECO Pola Resou ces (see page 5). Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he TREC web si e: www.a cus.o g/ ec, o con ac Helen Wiggins a ARCUS (907-474-1600; ax 907-474-1604; [email p o ec ed]). 18 Educa ion News Launched in June 2001, he Uni e si y o he A c ic (UA c ic) is a coope a ing ne wo k o uni e si ies, colleges, and o he o ganiza ions commi ed o highe educa- ion and esea ch in he A c ic (see Wi ness Sp ing 2003). The nea ly 60 UA c ic mem- be s om ac oss he ci cumpola No h sha e esou ces, acili ies, and expe ise o build pos seconda y educa ion p og ams ha a e ele an and accessible o no he n s uden s. UA c ic p og ams p omo e he de elopmen o sha ed knowledge and unde s anding, access o educa ion, and sus ainable p ac ices in he A c ic. UA c ic ini ia i es cu en ly unde way include: • online unde g adua e cou ses abou he No h o ci cumpola s uden s, • an online ca alog o no he n field cou ses, and • ci cumpola Ph.D. ne wo ks in en i on- men al and social sciences. As pa o i s e o s in imp o ing access and mobili y, UA c ic de eloped no h2no h s uden mobili y, a mul i- la e al exchange p og am o s uden s egis e ed a any o 23 pa icipa ing UA c ic ins i u ions (see box). Th ough an in e na ional ne wo k o na ional agen- cies, no h2no h suppo s exchanges o pe iods om 3–12 mon hs. Cou se c edi s ans e om he hos ins i u ion o he s uden ’s home ins i u ion. No h2no h aims specifically o include: • unde g adua e s uden s, who a e s ill de eloping hei ideas abou he A c ic; • s uden s om smalle communi ies; and • indigenous s uden s. The pilo phase o he p og am began in Sep embe 2002. Six een s uden s pa - icipa ed in no h2no h in 2002–03, and mo e han 23 in 2003–04. Following com- ple ion o he wo-yea pilo phase, ep e- sen a i es o pa icipa ing s uden s, ins i u- ions, na ional agencies, and go e nmen s me in Janua y 2004 o begin an in e nal e alua ion o he p og am. The e alua ion epo will be eleased his sp ing. Also in Janua y 2004, he fi s Cana- dian s uden s joined no h2no h, begin- ning exchanges a UA c ic ins i u ions in Finland and No way. Abou 50 s uden s a e expec ed o pa icipa e in 2004–05, he p og am’s fi s ull yea o ope a ion. The A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es (ARCUS) ecen ly ag eed o se e as he U.S. na ional agency o he no h2no h p og am. Mo e in o ma- ion, including eligibili y, guidelines, and applica ions o he no h2no h p og am, is a ailable on he UA c ic web si e (www. ua c ic.o g). Applica ions o no h2no h a e due on 15 Janua y each yea . Funding sou ces UA c ic’s unding s a egy is based on a model o co e unding sha ed among he eigh a c ic s a es, and his app oach is showing some success, including: • Finland’s suppo o he UA c ic In e na ional Sec e a ia since he ne - wo k’s ounding; • in Decembe 2003, he No wegian Pa liamen alloca ed €535,000 (abou $643,000 USD) o UA c ic ac i i ies, including no h2no h; and • in No embe 2003 Human Resou ces De elopmen Canada announced $441,474 CDN (abou $328,000 USD) designa ed o suppo Canadian s u- den s’ pa icipa ion in no h2no h. U.S. and Eu opean Communi y (EC) UA c ic ins i u ions plan o seek sup- po o no h2no h exchanges om he EC/US Coope a ion P og am in Highe Educa ion and Voca ional Educa ion and T aining, a join p og am o he U.S. Depa men o Educa ion and he EC Di ec o a e Gene al o Educa ion and Cul u e. O he UA c ic Exchange P og ams No h2no h is one o UA c ic’s eme g- ing se o ci cumpola mobili y p og ams, which o e oppo uni ies o s uden s and acul y o gain fi s -hand expe ience o o he no he n egions and homelands. The mobili y p og am o acul y, which is cu en ly unde de elopmen , will be known as he No he n Teaching Resou ces Exchange (no hTREX). A Mobile Facul y Ros e —a ca alogue o schola s in e es ed in sho - o long- e m eaching esidencies on UA c ic campuses—also acili a es he exchange o no he n educa o s. The UA c ic Council, which di ec s p og am de elopmen and deli e y, will mee on he Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks campus 15–19 May 2004. The council includes ep esen a i es o all UA c ic membe ins i u ions. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he UA c ic web si e: www.ua c ic.o g, o con ac Kay Sunwood a ARCUS (907-474-1600; ax 907-474-1604; [email p o ec ed]). UA c ic’s no h2no h S uden Mobili y P og am G ows Canada • Lakehead Uni e si y, Thunde Bay, On a io • Nuna u A c ic College, A ia • Uni e si é La al, Quebec Ci y • Uni e si y o No he n B i ish Columbia, P ince Geo ge • Uni e si y o Saska chewan, Saska oon • Yukon College, Whi eho se Finland • Kemi-To nio Poly echnic • Oulu Poly echnic • Ro aniemi Poly echnic • Saami Educa ion Cen e , Ina i • Uni e si y o Lapland, Ro aniemi • Uni e si y o Oulu Iceland • Uni e si y o Aku ey i No way • Bodø Regional Uni e si y • Finnma k Uni e si y College, Al a • Saami Uni e si y College, Kau okeino • The Uni e si y College o T omsø • Uni e si y o T omsø Russia • Mu mansk Humani ies Ins i u e • Sakha S a e Uni e si y, Yaku sk Sweden • Luleå Uni e si y o Technology • Umeå Uni e si y USA • Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks Ins i u ions Pa icipa ing in UA c ic’s no h2no h Mobili y P og am 19 om own o he UIC Science Cen e a he UIC–NARL Facili y, which is se e al miles no h o Ba ow. ARCUS and BASC hope o begin emo e ideocas s o School- ya d Sa u day in 2004. Schoolya d Sa u day sponso s field ac i i ies o s uden s as well. Ba ow High School s uden s ha e an ongoing e o based in he Ba ow En i onmen al Obse - a o y (BEO) ha includes a yea - ound me eo ological s a ion and a g owing-season clima e change expe imen modeled on one a Toolik Field S a ion. Recen ly some o he s uden s and a science eache isi ed Toolik on a amilia iza ion ou . The s uden s ha e p oduced a science pos e and p esen ed i a a na ional educa ion mee ing. BASC also o ganizes e ening p esen a- ions by esea che s, places local s uden s wi h field esea ch p ojec s, akes scien is s in o schools ac oss he No h Slope, and wo ks wi h illage schools in Chuko ka, Russia. BASC p o ides se e al NSF- ela ed a eling exhibi s o he UIC Science Cen- e and coo dina es collec ion o scien ific ma e ials he e. Resea che s planning o isi he No h Slope a e encou aged o con ac BASC and pa icipa e in i s educa- ional and ou each ac i i ies. Fo mo e in o ma ion, including p e ious speake s and opics, see he BASC web si e: www.a c icscience.o g, o con ac BASC Execu i e Di ec o Glenn Sheehan (907-852-4881; ax 907-852- 4882; [email p o ec ed]). Educa ion News Since s a ing i s Schoolya d Sa u day p og am in Ap il 2002, he Ba ow A c ic Science Conso ium (BASC) has o ganized mo e han 75 Sa u day a e noon p esen a ions o s uden s and he public on he No h Slope o Alaska. Aiming o make science accessible and ele an o s u- den s, he p esen a ions ocus on scien ific issues o in e es o he Ba ow communi y and a e usually gi en by an in es iga o wi h an ac i e local esea ch p ojec . Each p esen e is pai ed wi h a local eache , who assis s in he p esen a ion i necessa y and helps in ad ance o plan i on a le el sui able o s uden s. Some imes he eache ’s job has added esponsibili ies, as when one s uden ain ed du ing a seal dissec ion. Abou 20 educa o s ha e wo ked wi h Schoolya d Sa u day p esen e s o da e. A endance has isen as he p og am has s a ed o become a communi y ins i u ion; om No embe 2002–No embe 2003 eco ded a endance was 1,277—abou 28% o he Ba ow popula ion. Ac ual a endance is highe , since no e e yone signs in a hese in o mal e en s. A e age a endance in 2003 has been 32 people, usually abou one- hi d o hem s uden s. BASC B ings Science o Schoolya d Sa u day Recen Schoolya d Sa u day p esen e s and opics ha e included: • Klaus Meine s on mucus in ma ine habi a s; • Ka hy Tu co on a c ic acous ics; • Ka hleen C ane on a c ic explo a ion in he 21s cen u y; • Ron G eeley on sola sys em explo a ion; • Geo Ca oll on musk ox ein oduc ion; • Ben Hol on sea ice hickness; and • Ma hew S u m and Jim Maslanik on ice and snow measu emen om sa elli es. Local au ho and school boa d mem- be Debbie Edwa dson and ansla o Ida Olemaun, also a school boa d membe , ecen ly ead he Iñupiaq and English e - sions o Debbie’s book Whale Snow. Schoolya d is pa o BASC’s ex ensi e e o s o b ing scien is s and he com- muni y oge he . Funding comes om he NSF A c ic Long-Te m Ecological Resea ch p og am, based a Toolik Field S a ion, and he NSF Coope a i e Ag ee- men wi h BASC. Hopson Middle School eache Jill Exe se es as Schoolya d Sa u - day coo dina o o BASC. BASC p o ides anspo a ion o Schoolya d Sa u day Klaus Meine s (Yale) akes a co e sample o he ice on he A c ic Ocean as pa o Ch is ophe K embs’ (Uni e si y o Washing on) ongoing p ojec o s udy he impac o sea ice mic obes on sea ice p ope ies. Sco y Oyagak (BASC), and Isabel Edwa dson (Ba ow High School) look on. Pho o by Leslie Pie ce. Science o Alaska Lec u es D aw Reco d C owds Fo wel e yea s, he Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks Geophysical Ins i u e has hos ed he Science o Alaska ee public lec u e se ies, wi h addi ional financial suppo om he Uni e si y o Alaska and he Alaska Science and Technology Founda ion. A eco d-b eaking 8,800 Alaskans a ended he lec u es in Janua y h ough Ma ch 2003, and judging om he capaci y c owds in ea ly 2004, i appea s ha eco d is abou o be b oken. Lec u es in 2004 include p esen a ions on he au o a, bea s, wol es, as onomy, ea hquakes, and ligh ning and fi e. The lec u e se ies was designed o b ing cu ing- edge esea ch o he gene al public. Lec u e s a el o Ancho age, Fai banks, and Juneau o sha e hei expe ise. In addi ion o he educa ion ou each e o , eache s a ending he lec u e se ies in Fai banks and Ancho age can ea n c edi owa d main aining hei eaching ce ifica es h ough pa icipa ion in a aining wo kshop. This special cou se is designed o ain educa o s in how o inco po a e he esea ch ea u ed a he lec u es e ec i ely in o class oom lessons and ac i i ies. This oppo uni y inc eases he skills o Alaska’s eache s and b ings cu en scien ific esea ch o Alaska’s p ima y and seconda y schools. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see: www.science o alaska.com, o con ac Amy Ha ley a he UAF Geophysical Ins i u e Public In o ma ion and Educa ion Ou each O fice (907-474-5823; ax 907-474-7344; [email p o ec ed]). 20 Educa ion News In e na ional News The Cen e o No he n S udies, a 30-yea -old, nonp ofi ins i u ion in Ve mon o esea ch and educa ion on all aspec s o he a No h, ecen ly me ged wi h S e ling College, a p i a e, ou -yea , en i onmen al college o e ing academic p og ams in no he n s udies, ou doo educa ion and leade ship, sus ainable ag i- cul u e, and wildlands ecology and man- agemen . The newly es ablished Cen e o No he n S udies a S e ling College will con inue o: • o e s udy-away op ions o s uden s om o he colleges, • p o ide addi ional cou se op ions o cu - en S e ling College s uden s, and • a ac s uden s om in e na ional and indigenous communi ies o he No h. In addi ion, he cen e will p o ide oppo uni ies o educa o s and o he communi y membe s o lea n mo e abou no he n s udies h ough: • a local lec u e se ies, • access o a esou ce lib a y specializing in he No h, and • en ollmen in cou ses and field-s udy p og ams. Mission The Cen e o No he n S udies a S e ling College in eg a es field esea ch wi h educa ional p og ams add essing he ecosys ems and people o a c ic and sub- a c ic en i onmen s and he challenges o sus ainable in e ac ion in a global socie y. The cen e ’s educa ional philosophy is ounded upon he belie ha indi- iduals who help in deciding he u u e o no he n egions mus b idge adi ional disciplines. The cen e o e s a pe sonal academic expe ience ha combines o - mal academic wo k in na u al science, an h opology, poli ical economy, law, and humani ies wi h comp ehensi e fieldwo k. Cen e o No he n S udies Me ges wi h S e ling College The cen e campus, loca ed close o S e - ling College, includes he 350-ac e Bea Swamp, an excep ional example o bo eal o es and muskeg. This accessible si e p o ides an ideal en i onmen o in es- iga ion o egions ha a e geog aphically much a he no h. Field-s udy p og ams o Iceland, Lab ado , New oundland, and he Sco ish Isles p o ide hands-on expe i- ence and imme sion in no he n cul u e. An excellen acul y wi h mo e han h ee decades o expe ience in no he n esea ch and educa ion acili a e his unique and in ensi e oppo uni y o in es iga e he en i onmen , peoples, and cul u es o he ci cumpola No h. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he Cen e o No he n S udies a S e ling College web si e: www.s e lingcollege.edu/cns, o con ac E ik Hansen (800-648-3591; ax 802-586-2596; [email p o ec ed] o [email p o ec ed]). Iceland Hos s A c ic Science Summi Week 2004 The Icelandic Cen e o Resea ch (RANNIS) o ganized he 2004 A c ic Science Summi Week (ASSW) in Reyk- ja ik, Iceland, 21–28 Ap il 2004, wi h suppo om he Icelandic Chai manship o he A c ic Council, which has placed a c ic esea ch coope a ion a he hea o i s chai manship p og am. The In e na- ional A c ic Science Commi ee (IASC) ini ia ed ASSW, which now in ol es a numbe o o he a c ic science o ganiza- ions (see box). Mos o he ASSW e en s comp ise he annual mee ings o a ious ci cuma c- ic science o ganiza ions, b inging many ep esen a i es in o one place a he same ime and acili a ing c osscu ing con ac s and coope a ion. In addi ion, join mee - ings, such as he P ojec Day and he Sci- ence Day, b ing science issues o common in e es o he agenda. The heme o he ASSW 2004 is Sus ainable De elopmen in he A c ic. The P ojec Day includes h ee opics o b oad in e na ional in e es : • A c ic Clima e Impac Assessmen (ACIA; see page 21); • Second In e na ional Con e ence o A c ic Resea ch Planning (ICARP II; see page 21); and • In e na ional Pola Yea 2007–2008 (IPY 2007–2008; see page 23). The o e a ching heme o he Science Day is Adap a ion o Clima e Change. In o ma ion on speake s and opics is a ailable on he ASSW web si e. P e ious ASSWs ha e been held in: • T omsø, No way, • Camb idge, UK, • Iqalui , Canada, • G oningen, Ne he lands, and • Ki una, Sweden. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he ASSW web si e: www.cong ess.is/assw, o con ac K is jan K is jansson (+354- 515 5800; ax: +354-552 9814; [email p o ec ed]). O ganiza ions Pa icipa ing in ASSW 2004 In e na ional A c ic Science Commi ee (IASC) Eu opean Science Founda ion / Eu opean Pola Boa d (ESF/EPB) Fo um o A c ic Resea ch Ope a o s (FARO) A c ic Ocean Science Boa d (AOSB) No dic Pola G oup (NPG) Ny-Ålesund Science Manage s Commi ee (NySMAC) No he n Resea ch Fo um (NRF) In e na ional Pe ma os Associa ion (IPA) 21 In e na ional News ACIA Plans o Deli e y, Discussions in 2004 Con e ence on A c ic Resea ch Planning Se o 2005 discuss and o mula e physical, biological, and social science p ojec s and implemen- a ion s a egies ha can guide in e na- ional coope a ion o e he nex fi e o en yea s o add ess: • p oblems, p io i ies, and conce ns o hose who li e in o nea he A c ic, • he linkages be ween a c ic and global p ocesses, and • issues conce ning a c ic na u al esou ces and en i onmen al quali y. A p esen , 15 majo a c ic esea ch use o ganiza ions ha e endo sed and a e aking pa in he ICARP II planning p o- cess. The ICARP II S ee ing G oup held i s fi s mee ing in Oc obe 2003, in asso- cia ion wi h he SEARCH Open Science Mee ing (see page 1). The S ee ing G oup plans o o m 10 hema ic wo king g oups o explo e scien ific issues and de elop s a egies o he u u e. The delibe a ions o hese wo king g oups will o m he basis o he con e ence. The A c ic Clima e Impac Assess- men (ACIA; see Wi ness Win e 2000/2001), an in e na ional p ojec o he A c ic Council and he In e na ional A c ic Science Commi ee (IASC), com- menced in 2000. The assessmen will e alua e and syn hesize knowledge on clima e a iabili y, clima e change, and inc eased ul a iole adia ion and hei consequences, including possible u u e impac s on: • he en i onmen and i s li ing esou ces, • human heal h, and • buildings, oads, and o he in as uc u e. The assessmen is expec ed o p o ide use ul and eliable in o ma ion o he go - e nmen s, o ganiza ions, and peoples o he A c ic on policy op ions o mee such changes. Mo e han 250 scien is s and six ci - cumpola indigenous o ganiza ions ha e pa icipa ed in ACIA, which will p oduce: • a pee - e iewed scien ific assessmen , and • a syn hesis/o e iew documen summa- izing esul s. These documen s will be deli e ed o he minis e s a he A c ic Council Minis- e ial Con e ence in Reykja ik, Iceland, in No embe 2004. Immedia ely p eceding he Minis e ial Con e ence, he backg ound and scien ific esul s o ACIA will be discussed a he ACIA In e na ional Scien ific Symposium on 9–12 No embe 2004, also in Reyk- ja ik. The symposium’s pa icipan s will include • scien is s wo king on a c ic and clima e change issues, • local and egional adminis a o s, manage s, and decision-make s, • indigenous peoples’ o ganiza ions, and • ep esen a i es o indus ies and in e na- ional and nongo e nmen al o ganiza- ions wi h in e es s in he A c ic. The ACIA scien ific assessmen will be unde conside a ion a he symposium. The scien ific esul s and backg ound, including indigenous peoples’ pe spec i es and obse a ions, will be p esen ed and discussed in an in eg a ed ci cumpola con ex . The assessmen will also be dis- cussed in he con ex o global, egional, and sub- egional en i onmen al manage- men and policy de elopmen . Iden ifi- ca ion o knowledge gaps and he need o new esea ch and moni o ing will be an impo an issue a he symposium. P esen a ions on opics no di ec ly deal wi h by he ACIA, bu o ele ance o cli- ma e change in he A c ic, a e welcome. The symposium will be an impo an pa o he p ocess by which he ACIA will communica e i s esul s and conclu- sions o a c ic s akeholde s and o poli i- cians. A summa y epo om he discus- sions and p esen a ions will be deli e ed o he minis e s a hei mee ing in he week ollowing he symposium. Abs ac s we e due 1 Ap il 2004. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he ACIA web si e: www.acia.ua .edu, o con ac Gun e Welle (907-474-7371; ax 907- 474-6722; [email p o ec ed]). In 1995, o e 300 pa icipan s om 18 na ions de eloped plans o ackle c i ical a c ic science p oblems a he fi s In e - na ional Con e ence o A c ic Resea ch Planning (ICARP), held in Hano e , New Hampshi e (see Wi ness Sp ing 1996). Ten in e na ional wo king g oups d a ed ini- ial science plans o po en ial ci cuma c ic esea ch p ojec s, which we e discussed and e iewed a he con e ence. Since 1995, almos all o he plans ha e been implemen ed, con ibu ing significan ly o cu en unde s anding o he A c ic. The 200 pa icipan s a he 2003 A c ic Science Summi Week (see page 20) eached a b oad consensus ha he iming was igh o a second ICARP o iden i y and add ess he science p oblems o oday and he nex decade. Scheduled o he all o 2005 in Copenhagen, Denma k, ICARP II aims o b ing oge he a c ic esiden s, senio and young schola s, policy expe s, and science and land manage s o To gene a e hemes eflec ing he in e es s and needs o he a c ic scien- ific and use communi ies, he S ee ing G oup solici ed p oposals o hemes om all o he ICARP II sponso s and encou aged hem o ex end his in i a- ion as b oadly as possible. P oposals we e due by 15 Decembe 2003. The S ee ing G oup p oposed a po en ial o e a ching heme o he con e ence: Unde s anding he A c ic Sys em: Regional Sus ainable De elopmen and Global Connec ions. The S ee ing G oup me in Janua y 2004 o selec wo king g oup hemes and begin appoin ing membe s o he wo king g oups. The wo king g oups will ope a e h oughou 2004 and in o ea ly 2005 and ci cula e he ou come o hei delibe a- ions well in ad ance o he con e ence. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he ICARP II web si e: www.dpc.dk/Res&Log/ICARP, o con ac Pa ick Webbe (517-355-1284; ax 517-432-2150; webbe @msu.edu). 22 The concep o a e es ial Ci cum- a c ic En i onmen al Obse a o ies Ne wo k (CEON; see Wi ness Win e 2000/2001) was fi s aised a he 2000 A c ic Science Summi Week (ASSW; see page 20) a a mee ing o he Fo um o A c ic Resea ch Ope a o s (FARO; see Wi ness Sp ing/Au umn 1999 and www. a o-a c ic.o g). FARO membe s sup- po ed he CEON concep , ad oca ing ha CEON be de eloped o p omo e measu emen o en i onmen al obse - a ions and dissemina ion o hese o a c ic esea che s, while encompassing and building on he s eng hs o exis ing s a ions and en i onmen al obse a o y ne wo ks wi hin he A c ic. Since 2000, he CEON concep has ecei ed inc eas- ing suppo , including endo semen om he In e na ional A c ic Science Commi - ee (IASC; see www.iasc.no) as an ini ia- i e ocused on acili a ing ongoing and u u e long- e m in e na ional esea ch endea o s in he A c ic. To con ac and collec eedback om po en ial CEON s akeholde and use g oups, he CEON concep has been p esen ed a mee ings o a ious ne - wo ks, esea ch collabo a ions, and pola o ganiza ions in Eu ope, Russia, and he U.S. P esen a ions ha e ocused on he necessi y o he CEON ini ia i e o mee he needs o he pa icipa ing esea ch communi y, science adminis a o s, policy make s, indus y, educa ion, and indig- enous communi ies while p o iding: • linkages among disciplines and exis ing ne wo ks, and • connec i i y spanning egional o ci cuma c ic and global scales. To p e en in oduc ion o na ional, disciplina y, o ins i u ional bias, p e- sen a ions o he CEON concep ha e delibe a ely no men ioned o sugges ed specific measu emen s o p ocesses ha should o could be made o in es iga ed. Ins ead, audiences ha e been asked o answe he ollowing ques ion: “Wha would you do i you had he oppo u- ni y o conduc s anda dized long- e m, in eg a ed measu emen s ac oss mul iple esea ch s a ions and ne wo ks in he A c ic?” I is hoped ha his “bo om-up” app oach will acili a e he de elopmen and scope o CEON based on he expe i- ence, needs, and u u e di ec ions o a b oad ange o po en ial CEON s ake- holde and use g oups. The a ionale ha has eme ged o CEON includes he ollowing issues: • Rela i e o o he egions on he globe, he A c ic is expe iencing d ama ic changes in clima e and pa e ns o human land use. En i onmen al and socioeconomic d i e s associa ed wi h hese changes o igina e bo h wi hin and ou side o he a c ic sys em. • Change de ec ion and p edic i e powe o hese changes a e low and a e limi ed and h ea ened by he loss o sus ained en i onmen al obse a ion ime se ies in no he n high la i udes. • A ci cuma c ic en i onmen al obse - a o ies ne wo k ha can p o ide adequa e, di e se, and sus ained ime se ies obse a ions has he po en ial o d ama ically imp o e ou unde s and- ing o he a c ic sys em and how i may con inue o espond o a a ie y o en i- onmen al and socie al changes o ecas o he egion. • The e is a well-es ablished science in a- s uc u e and a emendous amoun o esea ch and moni o ing in he A c ic. Gene ally, he b oade in e na ional and mul idisciplina y impac s o hese e o s a e no ully apped due o limi a ions associa ed wi h esea ch exposu e, communica ion, da a a ail- abili y, and di e ences in echnologies and sampling me hods be ween si es. Rein o cing and imp o ing he b oade impac s o his exis ing and ongoing e o should be he p ima y s a ing poin o CEON. In Oc obe 2003, an ini ial planning mee ing o CEON was con ened a he Royal Swedish Academy o Sciences. Financial suppo o his mee ing was p o ided by: • he U.S. Na ional Science Founda ion, • he Royal Swedish Academy o Sciences’ Abisko Scien ific Resea ch S a ion, • he Scandina ian–No h Eu opean Ne wo k o Te es ial Field Bases (SCANNET, www.en ica .com/scanne / Scanne ), and • a g an o Abisko Scien ific Resea ch S a- ion (www.ans.ki una.se) om he Swed- ish En i onmen al P o ec ion Agency (www.in e na .en i on.se/index.php3) o i s pa icipa ion in he A c ic Clima e Impac Assessmen (ACIA, www.acia. ua .edu; see page 21). Many pa icipan s also gene ously p o- ided whole o pa ial unding o suppo hei a endance a his mee ing. A o al o 34 pa icipan s a ended he mee ing and ep esen ed all eigh a c ic na ions and 11 o he 18 IASC membe coun ies. Disci- plina y in e es s o pa icipan s spanned science adminis a ion, ecology, clima ol- ogy, biogeochemis y, emo e sensing, policy and managemen , human and physical geog aphy, and modeling. In e - es s o indigenous peoples o he No h and adi ional ecological knowledge we e ep esen ed in se e al disciplines. Pa ici- pan s also ep esen ed a ange o esea ch si es, moni o ing ne wo ks, esea ch col- labo a ions, and science-based p og ams and o ganiza ions, spanning local, ci cum- a c ic, and in e na ional scales. The Oc obe planning mee ing has helped o ocus he de elopmen o CEON and iden i y a cen al heme o i s mission— o s eng hen he capaci y o eme ging moni o ing, esea ch, and policy needs a high no he n la i udes by making da a a ailable ha a e adequa e and sui able o answe ing a se ies o well-defined key scien ific ques ions and unce ain ies. I is in ended ha a la ge in e na- ional CEON mee ing will be con ened in la e 2004 o acili a e he o ma ion o key wo king g oups and conduc elec ions o sea s o o fice. Feedback o he u u e de elopmen o CEON and he CEON web si e, which hos s a new ci cuma c ic online and in e ac i e geog aphic in o - ma ion sys em/In e ne map se e , is welcomed. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he CEON web si e: h p://ceonin o.o g, o con ac C aig Tweedie (517-355-1285; ax 517- 432-2150; [email p o ec ed]). CEON Ini ia i e Ga he s Suppo In e na ional News 23 Momen um is building o an In e - na ional Pola Yea in 2007–2008, imed o celeb a e se e al in e na ional scien ific anni e sa ies (see box). IPY 2007–2008 is en isioned as a campaign o coo dina ed pola obse a ions and analyses ha a e bipola in ocus, mul i- disciplina y in scope, and in e na ional in pa icipa ion. I s scien ific p og am will inco po a e elemen s o explo a ion, s udies o pola p ocesses, and ac i i ies o moni o and unde s and change and i s human dimensions. I s goals include gal- anizing new and inno a i e obse a ions and esea ch, building on and enhancing exis ing p og ams and ini ia i es, a ac - ing and de eloping he nex gene a ion o pola scien is s and science leade s, and c ea ing an exci ing ange o educa ion and ou each ac i i ies o engage he public. IPY 2007–2008 has ecei ed s ong endo semen s om he In e na ional Council o Science (ICSU), he Scien ific Commi ee on An a c ic Resea ch, he In e na ional A c ic Science Commi ee (IASC), he A c ic Ocean S udies Boa d, he Eu opean Pola Boa d, he U.S. Pola Resea ch Boa d (PRB; see page 15), he Wo ld Me eo ological O ganiza ion, and o he go e nmen and nongo e nmen al o ganiza ions. IPY planne s ha e es ablished an in e - na ional s uc u e o in ol e many na ions in de elopmen o a cohe en IPY s a egy. In May 2003, he ICSU Execu i e Commi - ee o med an IPY Planning G oup, which me in July and Decembe 2003. The IPY Planning G oup in i ed all na ions wishing o be in ol ed o o m a na ional commi ee o acili a e communica ion, o help define he o e all science hemes, and o s ee hei own na ional e o s. In he U.S., he PRB es ablished he U.S. Na ional Commi ee o IPY 2007– 2008, chai ed by Ma y Albe o he Cold Regions Resea ch and Enginee ing Labo- a o y. This g oup is using an in e ac i e web si e, mee ings, and o he mechanisms o sp ead he wo d abou IPY. The new web si e (h p://us-ipy.o g) hos s a a ie y o in o ma ion on IPY, including his o y, planning documen s, announcemen s o oppo uni ies, e c. The U.S. Commi ee is p epa ing a epo ha will lay ou he case o IPY 2007–2008 and help ocus U.S. ac i i ies, and a d a will be pos ed on he si e o commen in mid-2004. A he in e na ional le el, he ICSU IPY Planning G oup deli e ed a p elimi- na y p og ess epo o ICSU in Feb ua y 2004. Assuming ICSU app o al, he plan- ning g oup will o e see de elopmen o an IPY science plan h ough an open p ocess, including so ing he many ideas gene a ed o da e in o main hemes so ha he IPY e o can be coo dina ed. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he U.S. IPY web si e: h p://us-ipy.o g, o con ac Sheldon D obo (202-334-1942; ax 202- 334-1477; [email p o ec ed]). G oups Plan o In e na ional Pola Yea 2007–2008 A B ie His o y o he In e na ional Pola Yea s 2007–2008 will ma k he 125 h anni e sa y o he Fi s In e na ional Pola Yea (1882–1883), he 75 h anni e sa y o he Second Pola Yea (1932–1933), and he 50 h anni e sa y o he In e na ional Geophysical Yea (1957–1958). The IPYs and IGY we e majo ini ia i es ha gene a ed significan new insigh s in o global p ocesses and led o decades o in aluable pola esea ch. The IGY esul ed di ec ly in he es ablishmen o he An a c ic T ea y Sys em. In spi e o subs an ial in es men s in pola explo a ion and esea ch o e he yea s, bo h by indi idual na ions and h ough in e na ional p og ams, he ela i e inaccessibili y and challenging en i onmen s o hese egions ha e le hem less well explo ed and s udied han o he key egions o he plane . IPY 2007–2008 will ocus a en ion on he impo ance o he A c ic and An a c ic in he Ea h sys em and hei many significan connec ions o issues o global clima e, sea le el, biogeochemical cycles, and ma ine and e es ial ecosys ems. 1882–1883: Ka l Weyp ech , an o fice wi h he Aus o-Hunga ian na y, inspi ed he Fi s In e na ional Pola Yea . Weyp ech a gued ha pola expedi ions should include eams o scien is s who could make obse a ions on au o ae, geomagne ism, and me eo- ological condi ions. Planning o he IPY, which was he fi s majo in e na ional science collabo a ion, ook se en yea s. Al hough Weyp ech died be o e he IPY, 11 coun ies pa icipa ed in 15 pola expedi ions (12 o he A c ic and 3 o he An a c ic), he alding a new age o scien ific disco e y. 1932–1933: The Second In e na ional Pola Yea was p oposed in 1928 a an in e - na ional con e ence o me eo ological se ice di ec o s. Fo y na ions pa icipa ed in a c- ic esea ch om 1932–1933 ( he 25 h anni e sa y o he fi s IPY), la gely in he fields o me eo ology, magne ism, au o ae, and adio science. Due o he wo ldwide dep ession, howe e , he second IPY was smalle han o iginally en isioned. 1957–1958: Wha migh ha e been he Thi d In e na ional Pola Yea was expanded and named he In e na ional Geophysical Yea (IGY). P oposed in 1952 by he In e - na ional Council o Scien ific Unions ollowing a sugges ion by Na ional Academy o Sciences membe Lloyd Be kne , he IGY included significan wo k in he An a c ic and some in he A c ic, as well as geophysical wo k a ound he globe. Six y-se en na ions conduc ed esea ch du ing he IGY, including 12 na ions ha es ablished and main- ained 65 s a ions in An a c ica. In e na ional News Bal ou Wa son Cu ie (1902–1981) o he Uni e si y o Saska chewan measu ing a mosphe ic po en ial g adi- en a Ches e field Inle , Nuna u , Canada, du ing he second IPY (1932–1933). Pho o cou esy o Uni e si y o Saska chewan A chi es, Physics onds, A-22. 24 In e na ional News In a majo de elopmen o a c ic science in Canada, he Canada Founda ion o Inno- a ion (CFI) and he Depa men o Fishe ies and Oceans Canada p o ided unding o ans o m he 98-m Canadian Coas Gua d iceb eake Si John F anklin in o a s a e-o - he-a esea ch iceb eake a a cos o $31 million (CDN). The CFI g an also co e ed equipmen acquisi ion and a po ion o he essel’s fi s fi e yea s o ope a ion. Re-ch is ened Amundsen, he iceb eake began i s fi s deploymen in Sep embe 2003, suppo ing he ongoing Canadian- led A c ic Shel Exchange S udy (CASES, 2002–2007). Funded by he Na u al Sci- ences and Enginee ing Resea ch Council, CASES’ goal is o unde s and and model he esponse o biogeochemical and eco- logical cycles o a mosphe ic, oceanic, and con inen al o cing o sea-ice co e a i- abili y on he Mackenzie Shel . Resea che s om 11 coun ies a e aking u ns as he ship o e -win e s in he Beau o Sea (see www.cases.quebec-ocean.ula al.ca). Wi hin he amewo k o A c icNe (see box), he Amundsen will suppo se e al o he majo p og ams in he Canadian sec- o o he A c ic Ocean o e he nex en yea s. Fo example: The In e na ional Obse a o ies o A c ic Canadian Seas will ga he long- e m physical, biological, and biogeochemical a iables in he A c ic Basin (Mackenzie Shel ) and he Canadian ou flow o he A c ic Ocean (No h Wa e ), s a ing in 2004–2005. Ice In o ma ion and Na iga ion in he NW Passage. The No hwes Passage could open o in e con inen al na iga ion by 2015–2025. This p ojec will build p edic- i e ice dynamics and dis ibu ion models o de elop s a egies o dec easing he isk o ma ine disas e s while maximizing he po en ial shipping season. No he n Regional Sensi i i y o Cli- ma e Change ocuses on a ansec analysis o Canadian coas al en i onmen s om 55˚N (Kuujjua apik) o 80˚N (Ellesme e Island) o de e mine he po en ial esponse o e es ial no he n ecosys ems o wa m- ing. The esea ch iceb eake will se e as a mo ing base, wi h access o coas al si es by launch and helicop e . Role o Ice in he Mo phodynam- ics o A c ic Coas s will an icipa e he esponse o he A c ic Coas o clima e- induced changes in ice co e , wa e gene a- ion, and s o m su ge. Clima e Change and Public Heal h in he Canadian A c ic (2003–2008) will examine he influence o clima e on human heal h and de elop s a egies o adap ing o Canada Launches Resea ch Iceb eake Amundsen The e u bished Amundsen includes ea u es such as an in e nal moon pool, p o iding an opening o he sea om inside he ship, ully equipped we and d y labs, a as -launch da i , and an acous ic well. Pho o by Gé ald Da nis (CASES). Canada’s A c ic Resea ch E o s Gain G ound Canada’s no he n esea ch e o s ha e consis en ly dwindled o e he pas 20 yea s. The Task Fo ce on No he n Resea ch appoin ed by he Na u al Sciences and Engi- nee ing Resea ch Council (NSERC) and he Social Sciences and Humani ies Resea ch Council (SSHRC) eleased a epo in 2000 ha called o enewing he his o ic Cana- dian leade ship in a c ic science (Hu chinson e al., 2000, F om C isis o Oppo uni y: Rebuilding Canada’s Role in No he n Resea ch). Canada has ecen ly aken s eps o inc ease i s esea ch e o s in he A c ic, including e u bishing an iceb eake o scien- ific wo k (see his page) and es ablishing a na ional Ne wo k o Cen es o Excellence ocused on he impac s o clima e change in he ma ine and coas al A c ic. Launched in July 2003, A c icNe connec s 21 Canadian and 20 in e na ional uni e si- ies, wo indus ies, and 27 go e nmen al and nongo e nmen al o ganiza ions in a c oss- sec o al ne wo k in ol ing na u al, social, and heal h scien is s. A c icNe ’s goal is o de elop knowledge needed o o mula e impac assessmen s, na ional policies, and adap a ion s a e- gies o help Canada ace he en i onmen al and socioeconomic consequences o a wa ming A c ic and add ess he conce ns o no he ne s, including he a e o change o he a c ic en i onmen ; he educ ion o human ulne abili y o haza dous e en s; he adap a ion o he public heal h sys em o change; he p o ec ion o key animal species; ma i ime ans- po in an ice- ee Canadian A c ic; and he economic impac s o en i onmen al change in he A c ic. The di ec in ol emen o no he n esiden s in he scien ific p ocess is a p i- ma y goal o he ne wo k, which is unded o $25.7 million (CDN) o ou yea s. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he A c icNe web si e: www.a c icne .ula al.ca, o con ac Ma in Fo ie (418-656-5233; ax 418-656-2339; ma [email p o ec ed]). i s po en ial impac s in no he n communi- ies. The iceb eake will p o ide access o emo e communi ies and acili ies o in e - iews and examina ions. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he Amundsen web si e: www.amundsen.quebec-ocean. ula al.ca, o con ac Louis Fo ie (418-656- 5646; ax 418-656-2339; louis. o ie @bio. ula al.ca). 25 Ba hyme ic and opog aphic in s -5000 -4000-3000-2500-2000-1500-1000 -500 -200 -100 -50 -25 0-1050 100 200 300 400 500 600 700800 1000 (Me e s) Canada Basin Ba en s Sea Chukchi Bo de land Mo is Jesup Rise Ye mak Pla eau A l p h a - M e n d e l e e R i d g e L o m o n o s o R i d g e G a k k e l R i d g e UN Law o he Sea May Al e A c ic Ocean Bounda ies In e na ional Ba hysphe ic Cha o he A c ic Ocean (www.ngdc. noaa.go /mgg/ba hyme y/a c ic/a c ic.h ml), g aphic depic ion modified by Sue Mi chell. In e na ional News The bounda ies o he Exclusi e Eco- nomic Zones in he A c ic Ocean may change in he nex decade, as na ions a emp o edefine hei claims o so e eign igh s o explo a ion and de elopmen o esou ces unde he 1982 Uni ed Na ions Con en ion on Law o he Sea (UNCLOS). Unde A icle 76 o UNCLOS, coas al s a es may choose om among se e al c i e ia—based a iously on dis ance om he coas line, dis ance om selec ed isoba hs o he oo o he con inen al slope, o e en he a io be ween sedimen hickness and sho es dis ance om he oo o he con- inen al slope— o p ojec hei ju isdic ion beyond he usual 200 nau ical miles seawa d o he coas . This a ea, which may ex end up o 150 miles beyond he 200-mile limi o e en a he unde some ci cums ances, is e e ed o as he ju idical con inen al shel , which may o may no co espond o he physiog aphic con inen al shel . UNCLOS equi es indi idual na ions o submi any claims o ex ended ju isdic- ion o he Commission on he Limi s o he Con inen al Shel (CLCS), an elec ed body o 21 expe s in geology, geophys- ics, o hyd og aphy, wi hin 10 yea s o he na ion’s a i ying UNCLOS. The CLCS hen e iews he submission and issues ecommenda ions o he submi ing s a e. I he submission is app o ed, he coas al na ion can exe so e eign igh s in he ex ended egion, including ju isdic ion o e he explo a- ion and exploi a ion o bo h he li ing and nonli ing na u al esou ces abo e and below he seabed; con ol o e he place- men and use o subma ine cables, pipe- lines, and o he s uc u es; egula ion o e d illing; con ol and p e en ion o ma ine pollu ion; and egula ion o ma ine scien- ific esea ch. The A c ic Ocean is su ounded by some o he la ges con inen al shel es in he wo ld, and hese shel es a e almos ce ain o con ain many economically impo an deposi s o pe oleum and o he mine als. O he fi e na ions bo de ing he A c ic Ocean, Canada, No way, and Russia ha e a ified he UNCLOS. Denma k and he U.S. ha e no a ified he ea y and he e o e canno be elec ed o he CLCS. In Decembe 2001, Russia p esen ed a submission o he CLCS, seeking ju isdic- ion o e a wide a ea o he cen al A c ic Ocean, including po ions o he Lomono- so and Alpha-Mendelee idges and ing- ing deep seabed. Canada, Denma k, and he U.S. objec ed o his submission, ques ion- ing i s suppo ing da a. Ea lie in 2001, a Canadian eam e iewed he a ailable public da a on he ba hyme y o he A c- ic Ocean and d ew no iceably di e en bounda ies. In 2002, he CLCS ecom- mended ha Russia e ise he cen al A c ic Ocean componen o i s submission and p o ide addi ional suppo ing da a. In 2003, wo con e ences exam- ined his complex issue: Legal and Scien ific Aspec s o Con inen al Shel Limi s; Reykja ik, June 25–27: Pa icipan s ep esen - ing mo e han 40 na ions and he UN ocused on he in e sec ion o science, law, and poli ics c ea ed by UNCLOS. A session examined cu en issues be o e he CLCS, including he Russian submission. A hu G an z, wi h he Depa - men o Geological and En i on- men al Sciences a S an o d Uni- e si y, p esen ed e idence ha he Ye mak Pla eau, Mo is Jesup Bo - de lands, and Chukchi Bo de lands a e spu s p ojec ing om he con inen al shel and he e o e should be conside ed pa o he ju idical con inen al shel es unde A icle 76. G an z concluded, howe e , ha he Gakkel, Lomonoso , and Alpha-Mendelee idges lack islands and a e ba hyme ically isola ed om he ci cuma c ic con inen s. They a e he e o e pa o he ocean floo o he cen al A c ic Ocean, and hus no subjec o claim unde A icle 76. Mo e in o ma ion on he mee - ing is a ailable a h p:// i ginia.edu/colp/ iceland1.pd . Con o e sial Scien ific Issues in he Con- ex o UNCLOS A icle 76 in he A c ic; S . Pe e sbu g, 30 June–4 July: This con e - ence, sponso ed by he Russian Minis y o Na u al Resou ces, ocused on he scien ific unde pinnings o A icle 76 implemen a- ion in he A c ic. The 36 pape s p esen ed a icula ed a ange o iewpoin s and exposed significan di e ences o opin- ion be ween hose who conside ed he Lomonoso and Mendelee Ridges as na u- al p olonga ions o he Russian landmass and hose who did no . A ailable da a abou he A c ic Ocean may be inadequa e o esol e hese issues defini i ely. Because o he limi a ions o cu en da a se s and he ambiguous equi emen s o A icle 76, he issue o he exac ju isdic ional bounda ies o he A c ic Ocean is likely o emain un esol ed o some ime. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he UNCLOS web si e: www.un.o g/dep s/los, o con ac A hu G an z (650-329-5709; ax 650-329-5134; [email p o ec ed]) o Ron Macnab (902-463-3963; ax 902-463- 0908; [email p o ec ed].ca). Re e ences G an z, A. in p ess. T ea men o Ridges and Bo de land unde A icle 76 o he Uni ed Na ions Con en ion on Law o he Sea (UNCLOS): The Example o he A c ic Ocean. P oceedings o he Con e ence on Legal and Scien ific Aspec s o Con inen al Shel Lim- i s, Reykja ik, Iceland, 25–27 June 2003. Macnab, Ron. 2003. Delimi ing he Ju idical Con inen al Shel in he A c ic Ocean: A Con- fluence o Law, Science, and Poli ics. Me idian (Canadian Pola Commission) Fall/Win e 2003, pp. 9–13. 32 Non-P ofi O g. U.S. Pos age PAID Pe mi No. 957 Ancho age, AK A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es 3535 College Road Sui e 101 Fai banks, AK 99709 USA A No e F om he ARCUS P esiden Inside SEARCH 1 NSF News 4 A c ic Resea ch Suppo & Logis ics 5 ARCSS P og am 7 A c ic Na u al Sciences P og am 12 A c ic Social Sciences P og am 13 A c ic Social Sciences News 14 U.S. A c ic Resea ch Commission 15 Pola Resea ch Boa d 15 Capi ol Upda es 16 Educa ion News 17 In e na ional News 20 Science News 28 Calenda and Publica ions 31 I am deligh ed o ha e his oppo uni y o add a ew wo ds abou ARCUS o his issue o Wi ness he A c ic. I ecen ly ejoined ARCUS as p esiden a e being o he boa d o di ec o s o a ew yea s. ARCUS has de eloped a eas o imp es- si e s eng h, among hem he abili y o hos and lead esea ch p og am planning e o s. An example is he ecen SEARCH Open Science Mee ing in Sea le in Oc o- be 2003 (see page 1). Planning and coo - dina ing his mee ing equi ed eno mous e o om he ARCUS execu i e di ec- o and s a , bu he in es men should be wo hwhile. The SEARCH p og am p omises o add ess he mos c i ical ques- ion acing a c ic science—en i onmen al change in all i s mani es a ions, including he human impac s and po en ial socie al adap a ions. The b ead h o he p og am is imp essi e, and i is impo an ha i ecei e imely and adequa e suppo . B oad scien ific inpu and exchange is impo an o he e olu ion o he p og am. The e a e o he ecen no able a c ic de elopmen s as well. Join Russian/U.S. c uises a e planned o he Chukchi Sea and u he no h, wi h suppo om he Fa Eas B anch o he Russian Academy o Sciences and he NOAA A c ic P og am. The Census o Ma ine Li e, a 10-yea in e na ional p og am, is planning an a c ic p ojec . Also, u he in he u u e, an In e na ional Pola Yea (IPY) and In e na ional Heliophysical Yea (IHY) is p oposed o 2007, wi h he Pola Resea ch Boa d o he Na ional Resea ch Council aking he lead in coo dina ing he plan- ning. The a c ic ocus engende ed by he IPY is al eady e iden , wi h he eme gence o many ela ed p og ams and ac i i ies (see page 23). ARCUS will be in ol ed in hese ac i i- ies in many ways, and I am exci ed abou he con ibu ions ARCUS will make o a c- ic science in he u u e. A he same ime, as a membe ship o ganiza ion, ARCUS mus be awa e o and add ess he needs and conce ns o ou 44 membe ins i u- ions. We mus ensu e, wi h help om he ep esen a i es o hose ins i u ions, ha hei p io i ies mo e ahead in pa allel wi h ARCUS wo k in p og am planning and managemen . To help ARCUS main ain bo h i s o ganiza ional excellence and an app op i- a e balance among i s esponsibili ies o i s membe ins i u ions and o he wide a c ic esea ch communi y, he ARCUS boa d o di ec o s is pu suing a s a egic planning p ocess. I will be epo ing on he p og ess and ecommenda ions o his planning e o a he ARCUS annual mee ing in May 2004. —Ve a Alexande