Appendix A Supplementary Material

Corner Plots for Atmospheric Retrievals Supplement to Appendix A This document presents the full set of corner plots for all atmospheric scenarios: Null,Null Dry, Cyanosulfidic,Cyanosulfidic Dry, and Prebiotic Paradise, each evaluated at S/N = 10, 20, and 50. These figures complement Appendix A, which reports parameter summaries and units. Diagonals show 1D posteriors, while the lower triangle plots are the 2D joint posteriors. Dashed vertical lines mark the ground truths and the “L” indicates log10. 20 40 60 80 a3 73 137 200 263 a2 112 196 280 364 a1 266 311 355 400 a0 -0.27 -0.01 0.25 0.51 L(P0) 0.79 0.86 0.94 1.02 Rpl -0.63 -0.33 -0.02 0.28 L(Mpl) -8.0 -6.0 -4.1 -2.1 L(N2) -1.6 -1.2 -0.8 -0.4 L(CO2) -8.0 -6.0 -4.1 -2.1 L(CO) -8.0 -6.1 -4.1 -2.2 L(H2) -3.5 -2.6 -1.7 -0.9 L(H2O) 3.1 6.1 9.1 12.1 a4 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 L(δH2O) 20 40 60 80 a3 73 137 200 263 a2 112 196 280 364 a1 266 311 355 400 a0 -0.27 -0.01 0.25 0.51 L(P0) 0.79 0.86 0.94 1.02 Rpl -0.63 -0.33 -0.02 0.28 L(Mpl) -8.0 -6.0 -4.1 -2.1 L(N2) -1.6 -1.2 -0.8 -0.4 L(CO2) -8.0 -6.0 -4.1 -2.1 L(CO) -8.0 -6.1 -4.1 -2.2 L(H2) -3.5 -2.6 -1.7 -0.9 L(H2O) -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 L(δH2O) Figure 1: Corner plot for the Null model at S/N = 10. Diagonal panels show 1D posteriors, while lower-triangle panels show 2D joint posteriors. Contours indicate highest-density credible regions, and black dotted lines mark the ground truth. The “L” indicates log10. 1 20 40 59 79 a3 68 123 178 233 a2 110 179 247 316 a1 275 310 345 380 a0 -0.28 -0.03 0.23 0.48 L(P0) 0.89 0.95 1.0 1.06 Rpl -0.63 -0.33 -0.03 0.27 L(Mpl) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.1 L(N2) -1.21 -0.91 -0.61 -0.31 L(CO2) -8.0 -6.0 -4.1 -2.1 L(CO) -8.0 -6.0 -4.1 -2.1 L(H2) -2.9 -2.1 -1.4 -0.7 L(H2O) 2.5 5.0 7.6 10.1 a4 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 L(δH2O) 20 40 59 79 a3 68 123 178 233 a2 110 179 247 316 a1 275 310 345 380 a0 -0.28 -0.03 0.23 0.48 L(P0) 0.89 0.95 1.0 1.06 Rpl -0.63 -0.33 -0.03 0.27 L(Mpl) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.1 L(N2) -1.21 -0.91 -0.61 -0.31 L(CO2) -8.0 -6.0 -4.1 -2.1 L(CO) -8.0 -6.0 -4.1 -2.1 L(H2) -2.9 -2.1 -1.4 -0.7 L(H2O) -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 L(δH2O) Figure 2: Corner plot for the Null model at S/N = 20. Diagonal panels show 1D posteriors, while lower-triangle panels show 2D joint posteriors. Contours indicate highest-density credible regions, and black dotted lines mark the ground truth. The “L” indicates log10. 2 19 33 48 62 a3 73 114 155 196 a2 122 176 230 284 a1 284 313 342 370 a0 -0.33 -0.15 0.04 0.22 L(P0) 0.946 0.972 0.998 1.024 Rpl -0.65 -0.4 -0.15 0.1 L(Mpl) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.1 L(N2) -0.94 -0.71 -0.48 -0.25 L(CO2) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.1 L(CO) -8.1 -6.1 -4.2 -2.3 L(H2) -2.2 -1.7 -1.1 -0.6 L(H2O) 1.8 3.6 5.4 7.2 a4 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 L(δH2O) 19 33 48 62 a3 73 114 155 196 a2 122 176 230 284 a1 284 313 342 370 a0 -0.33 -0.15 0.04 0.22 L(P0) 0.946 0.972 0.998 1.024 Rpl -0.65 -0.4 -0.15 0.1 L(Mpl) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.1 L(N2) -0.94 -0.71 -0.48 -0.25 L(CO2) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.1 L(CO) -8.1 -6.1 -4.2 -2.3 L(H2) -2.2 -1.7 -1.1 -0.6 L(H2O) -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 L(δH2O) Figure 3: Corner plot for the Null model at S/N = 50. Diagonal panels show 1D posteriors, while lower-triangle panels show 2D joint posteriors. Contours indicate highest-density credible regions, and black dotted lines mark the ground truth. The “L” indicates log10. 3 20 40 60 80 a3 69 127 185 244 a2 105 188 271 354 a1 267 314 360 407 a0 -0.3 -0.0 0.29 0.58 L(P0) 0.86 0.94 1.02 1.11 Rpl -0.7 -0.3 0.1 0.5 L(Mpl) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.1 L(N2) -1.9 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 L(CO2) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 L(CO) -8.0 -6.1 -4.1 -2.2 L(H2) 3 6 9 13 a4 -8.8 -7.6 -6.3 -5.1 L(H2O) 20 40 60 80 a3 69 127 185 244 a2 105 188 271 354 a1 267 314 360 407 a0 -0.3 -0.0 0.29 0.58 L(P0) 0.86 0.94 1.02 1.11 Rpl -0.7 -0.3 0.1 0.5 L(Mpl) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.1 L(N2) -1.9 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 L(CO2) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 L(CO) -8.0 -6.1 -4.1 -2.2 L(H2) -8.8 -7.6 -6.3 -5.1 L(H2O) Figure 4: Corner plot for the Null Dry model at S/N = 10. Diagonal panels show 1D posteriors, while lower-triangle panels show 2D joint posteriors. Contours indicate highest-density credible regions, and black dotted lines mark the ground truth. The “L” indicates log10 . 4 22 41 60 80 a3 78 134 191 247 a2 124 193 263 332 a1 276 311 345 379 a0 -0.35 -0.12 0.1 0.32 L(P0) 0.91 0.96 1.0 1.05 Rpl -0.7 -0.3 0.0 0.4 L(Mpl) -8.0 -6.0 -4.1 -2.1 L(N2) -1.5 -1.1 -0.7 -0.4 L(CO2) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 L(CO) -8.0 -6.1 -4.1 -2.1 L(H2) 2.6 5.1 7.7 10.3 a4 -8.9 -7.8 -6.7 -5.7 L(H2O) 22 41 60 80 a3 78 134 191 247 a2 124 193 263 332 a1 276 311 345 379 a0 -0.35 -0.12 0.1 0.32 L(P0) 0.91 0.96 1.0 1.05 Rpl -0.7 -0.3 0.0 0.4 L(Mpl) -8.0 -6.0 -4.1 -2.1 L(N2) -1.5 -1.1 -0.7 -0.4 L(CO2) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 L(CO) -8.0 -6.1 -4.1 -2.1 L(H2) -8.9 -7.8 -6.7 -5.7 L(H2O) Figure 5: Corner plot for the Null Dry model at S/N = 20. Diagonal panels show 1D posteriors, while lower-triangle panels show 2D joint posteriors. Contours indicate highest-density credible regions, and black dotted lines mark the ground truth. The “L” indicates log10 . 5 19 34 48 63 a3 77 122 166 210 a2 135 193 251 308 a1 290 320 350 380 a0 -0.38 -0.22 -0.06 0.1 L(P0) 0.959 0.985 1.012 1.039 Rpl -0.7 -0.4 -0.0 0.3 L(Mpl) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 L(N2) -1.09 -0.82 -0.55 -0.27 L(CO2) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 L(CO) -8.0 -6.1 -4.1 -2.2 L(H2) 1.8 3.6 5.4 7.2 a4 -8.5 -7.6 -6.7 -5.8 L(H2O) 19 34 48 63 a3 77 122 166 210 a2 135 193 251 308 a1 290 320 350 380 a0 -0.38 -0.22 -0.06 0.1 L(P0) 0.959 0.985 1.012 1.039 Rpl -0.7 -0.4 -0.0 0.3 L(Mpl) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 L(N2) -1.09 -0.82 -0.55 -0.27 L(CO2) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 L(CO) -8.0 -6.1 -4.1 -2.2 L(H2) -8.5 -7.6 -6.7 -5.8 L(H2O) Figure 6: Corner plot for the Null Dry model at S/N = 50. Diagonal panels show 1D posteriors, while lower-triangle panels show 2D joint posteriors. Contours indicate highest-density credible regions, and black dotted lines mark the ground truth. The “L” indicates log10 . 6 20395979 a3 65 126 187 248 a2 84 166 248 329 a1 257 302 347 391 a0 -0.2 0.2 0.5 0.9 L(P0) 0.75 0.86 0.97 1.08 Rpl -0.6 -0.1 0.3 0.8 L(Mpl) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 L(N2) -1.7 -1.3 -0.9 -0.4 L(CO2) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 L(CO) -8.0 -6.0 -4.1 -2.1 L(H2) -4.4 -3.3 -2.2 -1.1 L(H2O) -8.3 -6.7 -5.0 -3.4 L(HCN) -8.6 -7.1 -5.7 -4.3 L(H2S) -5.8 -5.2 -4.6 -4.1 L(SO2) 3.0 6.1 9.1 12.1 a4 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 L(δH2O) 20395979 a3 65 126 187 248 a2 84 166 248 329 a1 257 302 347 391 a0 -0.2 0.2 0.5 0.9 L(P0) 0.75 0.86 0.97 1.08 Rpl -0.6 -0.1 0.3 0.8 L(Mpl) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 L(N2) -1.7 -1.3 -0.9 -0.4 L(CO2) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 L(CO) -8.0 -6.0 -4.1 -2.1 L(H2) -4.4 -3.3 -2.2 -1.1 L(H2O) -8.3 -6.7 -5.0 -3.4 L(HCN) -8.6 -7.1 -5.7 -4.3 L(H2S) -5.8 -5.2 -4.6 -4.1 L(SO2) -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 L(δH2O) Figure 7: Corner plot for the Cyanosulfidic model at S/N = 10. Diagonal panels show 1D posteriors, while lower-triangle panels show 2D joint posteriors. Contours indicate highest-density credible regions, and black dotted lines mark the ground truth. The “L” indicates log10. 7 19395878 a3 57 107 158 208 a2 87 144 201 257 a1 264 294 324 355 a0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 L(P0) 0.85 0.92 0.99 1.06 Rpl -0.6 -0.3 0.0 0.4 L(Mpl) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 L(N2) -1.5 -1.2 -0.8 -0.4 L(CO2) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 L(CO) -8.0 -6.1 -4.1 -2.2 L(H2) -3.0 -2.3 -1.5 -0.8 L(H2O) -8.5 -7.1 -5.6 -4.2 L(HCN) -8.6 -7.3 -5.9 -4.6 L(H2S) -5.6 -5.2 -4.9 -4.5 L(SO2) 2.7 5.4 8.1 10.8 a4 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 L(δH2O) 19395878 a3 57 107 158 208 a2 87 144 201 257 a1 264 294 324 355 a0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 L(P0) 0.85 0.92 0.99 1.06 Rpl -0.6 -0.3 0.0 0.4 L(Mpl) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 L(N2) -1.5 -1.2 -0.8 -0.4 L(CO2) -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 L(CO) -8.0 -6.1 -4.1 -2.2 L(H2) -3.0 -2.3 -1.5 -0.8 L(H2O) -8.5 -7.1 -5.6 -4.2 L(HCN) -8.6 -7.3 -5.9 -4.6 L(H2S) -5.6 -5.2 -4.9 -4.5 L(SO2) -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 L(δH2O) Figure 8: Corner plot for the Cyanosulfidic model at S/N = 20. Diagonal panels show 1D posteriors, while lower-triangle panels show 2D joint posteriors. Contours indicate highest-density credible regions, and black dotted lines mark the ground truth. The “L” indicates log10. 8 18345066 a3 63 105 147 190 a2 113 156 198 241 a1 280 304 329 353 a0 -0.31 -0.13 0.05 0.22 L(P0) 0.93 0.96 0.99 1.03 Rpl -0.64 -0.38 -0.12 0.13 L(Mpl) -8.0 -6.0 -4.1 -2.1 L(N2) -1.03 -0.78 -0.53 -0.28 L(CO2) -8.0 -6.0 -4.1 -2.1 L(CO) -8.1 -6.1 -4.2 -2.3 L(H2) -2.5 -1.8 -1.2 -0.6 L(H2O) -8.7 -7.4 -6.2 -4.9 L(HCN) -8.8 -7.7 -6.5 -5.3 L(H2S) -5.28 -5.08 -4.88 -4.68 L(SO2) 2.1 4.1 6.2 8.2 a4 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 L(δH2O) 18345066 a3 63 105 147 190 a2 113 156 198 241 a1 280 304 329 353 a0 -0.31 -0.13 0.05 0.22 L(P0) 0.93 0.96 0.99 1.03 Rpl -0.64 -0.38 -0.12 0.13 L(Mpl) -8.0 -6.0 -4.1 -2.1 L(N2) -1.03 -0.78 -0.53 -0.28 L(CO2) -8.0 -6.0 -4.1 -2.1 L(CO) -8.1 -6.1 -4.2 -2.3 L(H2) -2.5 -1.8 -1.2 -0.6 L(H2O) -8.7 -7.4 -6.2 -4.9 L(HCN) -8.8 -7.7 -6.5 -5.3 L(H2S) -5.28 -5.08 -4.88 -4.68 L(SO2) -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 L(δH2O) Figure 9: Corner plot for the Cyanosulfidic model at S/N = 50. Diagonal panels show 1D posteriors, while lower-triangle panels show 2D joint posteriors. Contours indicate highest-density credible regions, and black dotted lines mark the ground truth. The “L” indicates log10. 9