Revealing the Absolute Space according to the Universal Theory of Reality (TUR)

Revealing the Absolute Space according to the Universal Theory of Reality (TUR) Alessandro Pulvirenti Independent Researcher [email protected] ORCID: 0009-0009-8747-7381 05 ottobre 2025 Abstract No experiment to date has directly verified whether physical space possesses an absolute reference frame. All tests on the constancy of the speed of light — such as the Michelson–Morley and LIGO experiments — use two-way optical paths, where directional asymmetries cancel out. This study, based on the Universal Theory of Reality (TUR), proposes an alternative approach: gravity is described as a discrete flux of gravitons propagating at finite velocity (cg≈c) through a quantized spatial lattice. By analyzing the radial motion of interplanetary probes, asteroids, and interstellar objects, a small additional term proportional to vr/cgis predicted. This allows the determination of the absolute velocity vector of the Sun relative to the discrete space. Existing data from Pioneer, Voyager, and 3I/Atlas trajectories could thus reveal the presence of an absolute spatial flow. A non-zero result would constitute indirect evidence of the discrete structure of space and validate the quantum-gravitational framework of the TUR. Keywords: absolute space, gravitational anomalies, Pioneer anomaly, 3I/Atlas, quantum gravity, gravitons, TUR 1 Contents 1 Introduction: Scientific Context and Theoretical Framework 3 2 Theoretical Foundation 3 3 Experimental Proposal 4 4 Expected Outcomes 4 5 Discussion 5 6 Conclusions 5 References 6 2 1 Introduction: Scientific Context and Theoretical Framework Despite the remarkable achievements of modern physics, a fundamental inconsistency remains between [2]General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. Relativity interprets gravity as a curvature of spacetime, while Quantum Theory describes interactions through discrete exchanges of particles. To date, no experiment has directly verified whether the propagation of gravitational or electromagnetic effects occurs relative to an absolute medium or only to local sources. The Universal Theory of Reality (TUR) provides an alternative framework in which space itself possesses a discrete, physical structure composed of interacting cells. Gravity arises from the flux of real particles—gravitons—propagating at a finite velocity cg≃c through this lattice. A small velocity-dependent term (1+vr/cg)introduces a directional asymmetry in the gravitational force, allowing in principle the detection of absolute motion. The present work continues the author’s previous studies (2024–2025) on the four [7,6,5,8]Laws of Reality and the quantized formulation of gravity, extending them toward a direct experimental test. By analyzing radial acceleration residuals of spacecraft, asteroids, and interstellar objects, the absolute velocity of the Sun relative to the discrete space could be inferred. Such a result would provide the first indirect evidence of absolute space and of the granular structure of gravity predicted by the TUR. 2 Theoretical Foundation Within the Universal Theory of Reality (TUR), the gravitational interaction between two bodies M1and M2separated by a distance ris expressed as a discrete flux of gravitons propagating through the absolute spatial lattice. The effective force is given by: Fg(r, vr) = −G0 M1M2 r2cos2πr λg1 + vr cg,(1) where λgis the characteristic wavelength of the graviton, vrthe relative radial velocity, and cg≃cthe propagation speed of gravity. The oscillatory term cos(2πr/λg) modulates the force on cosmological scales, while the velocity-dependent factor introduces a small directional asymmetry that becomes measurable for bodies with significant radial motion. At first order, the relative deviation from Newtonian gravity is: ∆F FN =vr cg ,(2) which implies a detectable anisotropy whenever vr/cg≳10−4, as in the case of fast spacecraft or interstellar objects. This formulation preserves the Newtonian limit for cg→ ∞ while providing a natural bridge between classical gravitation and a quantized, discrete description of space. 3 3 Experimental Proposal The proposed experiment aims to estimate the absolute velocity vector Uof the Sun with respect to the discrete spatial lattice by analyzing small residuals in the radial acceleration of spacecraft, asteroids, and interstellar objects moving along nearly radial trajectories. According to the TUR, the effective radial acceleration deviates from the Newtonian value due to the relative motion between the source and the absolute space: ∆ar aN ≃ − U·ˆr cg +v·ˆr cg ,(3) where ˆris the unit vector along the instantaneous direction of motion, vthe velocity of the body relative to the Sun, and aN=µ⊙/r2the Newtonian acceleration. By combining Nindependent observations with known trajectories, the system of linear equations ˆr⊤ iU=vi·ˆri−cg ∆ar,i aN,i , i = 1 . . . N (4) can be solved in a least-squares sense to obtain the estimate: U= (R⊤WR)−1R⊤Wy,(5) where Ris the matrix of direction vectors ˆr⊤ i,ythe column vector of measured quantities, and W= diag(1/σ2 i)the weighting matrix. The covariance of the solution provides the experimental uncertainty: Cov(U)=(R⊤WR)−1.(6) A statistically significant non-zero value of Uwould demonstrate the existence of a privileged reference frame—an absolute, discrete structure of space where gravitons propagate at a constant velocity cg. 4 Expected Outcomes The analysis of high-precision Doppler and radiometric data from spacecraft or interstellar objects can yield two distinct scenarios: •Case U= 0:A non-zero absolute velocity of the Sun would indicate the existence of a privileged reference frame—a discrete lattice through which gravitons propagate at constant speed cg. The measured direction ˆu=U/∥U∥would define the orientation of the absolute spatial flow. •Case U= 0:The absence of measurable anisotropy would imply that the local space is co-moving with matter, consistent with a deformable or dragged medium. In this limit, the TUR reduces to the Newtonian formulation as cg→ ∞. 4 Even minimal deviations from isotropy—of order 10−5to 10−6in ∆ar/aN—would be sufficient to discriminate between the two models and provide a quantitative estimate of the Sun’s motion relative to the absolute spatial lattice. 5 Discussion The proposed approach directly addresses the historical limitation of two-way optical tests—such as the Michelson–Morley and LIGO experiments—which are intrinsically insensitive to one-way propagation asymmetries. By focusing instead on purely radial trajectories, the TUR framework enables a differential analysis of gravitational acceleration that could reveal minute anisotropies related to the finite propagation speed of gravity. Residuals observed in missions like [3,4]Pioneer 10/11,Voyager, and New Horizons may already contain traces of this effect, traditionally interpreted as the [1]“Pioneer anomaly.” In the TUR, such deviations arise naturally from the vr/cgterm in the quantized gravitational law, without invoking thermal recoil or ad hoc corrections. Future deep-space missions, equipped with micro-g accelerometers and long-baseline tracking, could therefore provide a direct test of the discrete and absolute nature of space postulated by the theory. 6 Conclusions The Universal Theory of Reality (TUR) predicts small but measurable anisotropies in the propagation of gravity arising from its discrete structure. By analyzing high-precision radial acceleration data of spacecraft and interstellar objects, the absolute velocity of the Sun relative to the spatial lattice could, in principle, be determined. A confirmed non-zero value would constitute indirect evidence for the existence of absolute space and the quantized nature of gravitational interaction. This work establishes the theoretical and methodological foundation for such detection, while the companion paper—Perihelion Precession of Mercury in the Quantum Gravity of the TUR—applies the same formalism to planetary dynamics, demonstrating its predictive consistency across different gravitational regimes. Acknowledgments The author thanks the broader TUR/TUT project discussions for shaping parts of this work. 5 References [1] John D. Anderson, Philip A. Laing, Eunice L. Lau, Anthony S. Liu, Michael M. Nieto, and Slava G. Turyshev. Indication, from pioneer 10/11, galileo, and ulysses data, of an apparent anomalous, weak, long-range acceleration. Physical Review Letters, 81(14):2858–2861, 1998. Analisi delle anomalie di accelerazione osservate nelle missioni Pioneer 10/11, nota come “Pioneer anomaly”. 5 [2] Albert Einstein. Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. Annalen der Physik, 1916. Teoria della relatività generale. 1 [3] JPL/NASA. Pioneer 10 mission: Jupiter encounter and extended mission report. Technical Report NASA-SP-349, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, USA, 1973. Descrizione tecnica della missione Pioneer 10, la prima sonda a oltrepassare l’orbita di Giove e a entrare nello spazio interstellare. 5 [4] JPL/NASA. Pioneer 11 saturn encounter mission report. Technical Report NASA-SP-349/3, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, USA, 1975. Missione gemella di Pioneer 10, dedicata allo studio ravvicinato di Saturno e all’esplorazione del sistema solare esterno. 5 [5] Alessandro Pulvirenti. Confronto tra la legge di newton e la seconda legge della realtà. Ricerca Indipendente – Serie TUR, Dicembre 2024. 1 [6] Alessandro Pulvirenti. 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