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The Origin of Untouchables in Ancient Indian Society: A Historical Study.

Singh, Sanjay Kumar; Prakash, Surya

Abstract

Freedom and equality have been key characteristics of Indian culture, yet alongside these features, there have also been signs of deviation from time to time throughout Indian history. This occurs when an individual, group, or community, for their own selfish interests, uses Vedic and Sutra-Smriti-era narratives to impose various social and economic restrictions on members of another individual, group, or community. These restrictions include untouchability, forced labor, and prohibition from entering public places. The society that imposes these restrictions considers them their birthright, while the victimized, or so-called 'untouchable' society, accepts them as their destiny. Therefore, it is worth considering under what circumstances such a mindset arose in both groups. What was its social background? This research paper will present a historical and authentic study related to the origin of untouchables in ancient Indian society.

Full text

153 Cognitive Thinking: An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Volume-1, Issue-3 (July-September 2025), pp.153-162, ISSN: 3107-5088 www.cognitivethinking.in         :    :- 1. . (.)     ,  , ... ,  2.    ,  ,   .. , ,   :-                   -          ,           -        ,       ,  ,         -                                         ?     ?                      :- , , , , , , , ,   :-         2000                  , ,                           1750     1                      -                          ,2-6 -,  - Cognitive Thinking: An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Volume-1, Issue-3 (July – September 2025) www.cognitivethinking.in 154        -            - 7        61       84                                  8                        -                               (   ,  )                               ,       9     1500              10                  2019           , .                                                     -  , - ,     ,     ,     -                  ,    ,       -          11                       - -           -                       -               :-      , -           , -           ,  -  ,           ,  -    ,              , ,                     Cognitive Thinking: An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Volume-1, Issue-3 (July – September 2025) www.cognitivethinking.in 155          12-14               15              16,17                                                   -          18                             50              -            19, 20                        ,  , -                                             ,  ,   21, 22, 23               (/ )       (),        (:)         (:)       (:)       24                                                    -                         -                 ()   (   )      ( )            25, 26      27    90  100   28                                              29    -      Cognitive Thinking: An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Volume-1, Issue-3 (July – September 2025) www.cognitivethinking.in 156                  36      9             30-38                   39                   40, 41    10  (  :- , , , , ;   :- , , , , )                  10                                             10             10    ()        42                        43     -                    -                                   :- 1. :-         ,  , -  ,         , -      2. :                         3.  :-                         44                                                                 Cognitive Thinking: An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Volume-1, Issue-3 (July – September 2025) www.cognitivethinking.in 157                    /    :- 1. -     2.      3.       45 4.      5.                        1000    -             46     3   20         1  8 ,     8  12       13   20                                                      47                :- 1.                    , -           48, 49                                    2.                 ,              50 3.                     ,     -        51, 52                       4.          -           , ,       53           Cognitive Thinking: An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Volume-1, Issue-3 (July – September 2025) www.cognitivethinking.in 158 5.                       54 6.                ,        55 7.     32        56                        :- 1.      ,       -                   57           -               2.       ()           , ,       58 3.          -               59 4.            /             ,    ,               60                                                                                               ,          ,                                                             Cognitive Thinking: An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Volume-1, Issue-3 (July – September 2025) www.cognitivethinking.in 159        19                                               61     :-            62, 63 :-                                                                                               ,   ,                                                -                                ,                 :- 1. . .  (:   ),    ,       , , 1979,   18 2.  1.103.3 3.  2.19.6 4.  4.30.20 5.  6.20.10 6.  6.31.4 7. .  ,   ?,  , , 2023,   63 8. ,   65 9.    (:   )  ,  ,  , 2007,   80-81 Cognitive Thinking: An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Volume-1, Issue-3 (July – September 2025) www.cognitivethinking.in 160 10.   ,    ,     ,  , 2010,   110 11.  9.112.3 12. , 2.11.4 13. , 6.25.2 14. , 10.148.2 15. , 4.48.4 16. , 3.34.9 17.  20.11.9 18. . .  (:   ),    ,       , , 1979,   17 19.  12.3.13 20. , 12.4.9 21.  1.51.5,6 22.  10.95.7 23.  10.99.7 24. , 10. 22. 8 25. . . ,      ,   , 1940,   2-3 26.  6.61.1 27.   ,    ,     ,  , 2010,   110 28.    (:   )  ,  ,  , 2007,   86 29.    (:  ),      ,  ,  , 2009,   111 30.  4.33.3 31. , 4.66.6 32. , 7.83.1 33. , 8.24.27 34. , 10.38.3 Cognitive Thinking: An International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Volume-1, Issue-3 (July – September 2025) www.cognitivethinking.in 161 35. , 10.69.6 36. , 10.83.1 37. , 10.86.19 38. , 10.102.3 39. , 7.33.3 40. .  ,   ?,  , , 2023,   75 41.    (:  ),      ,  ,  , 2009,   108 42. ,   109 43. . . ,      ,   , 1940,   4 44.     (:  ),  ,    , , 2019,   33 45. , , 6.27 46. . .  (:   ),    ,       , , 1979,   26 47. .  ,   ?,  , , 2023,   64 48.  4.20.4, 49. , 4.20.8 50. , 5.17.9 51. , 5.22.7 52. , 5.22.8 53.  6.10.65 54. , 6.10.66 55. , 2.47.7 56. .  ,   ?,  , , 2023,   64 57.  10.1.3 58. , 19.32.8 59. , 19.62.1 60. , 19.6.6