भारतीय पुस्तकालयों में डिजिटल रूपांतरण का क्रियान्वयन और उनके सामने आने वाली चुनौतियाँ

Siddhanta’s International Journal of Advanced Research in Arts & Humanities Vol. 3, No. 1, September – October 2025 Siddhanta’s International Journal of Advanced Research in Arts & Humanities 392 3(1), Sept-Oct 2025, ISSN(O): 2584-2692 Website: https://sijarah.com/ Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa esa fMftVy :ikarj.k dk fØ;kUo;u vkSj muds lkeus vkus okyh pqukSfr;k¡ (THE EXECUTION OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN INDIAN LIBRARIES AND THE OBSTACLES THEY FACE) jktdqekj èkrjoky] 'kksèkkFkÊ ,ldsMh foÜofo|ky;] guqekux<+ ¼jktLFkku½ M‚- ;ksxsUæ flag] lgk;d çksQslj ¼iqLrdky; foKku½] VkafV;k fo'ofo|ky;] Jhxaxkuxj ¼jktLFkku½ lkj Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa dk fMftVy :ikarj.k gky ds o"kksZa esa rsth ls vkxs c<+k gS] tks çkS|ksfxdh uokpkjksa] c<+rh baVjusV igqap vkSj lwpuk lsokvksa ds vkèkqfudhdj.k ij dsafær ljdkjh mik;ksa ds dkj.k gqvk gSA ;g vè;;u Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa esa fMftVy çkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds dk;kZUo;u dh tkap djrk gS] ftlesa fofHkUu çdkj ¼lkoZtfud] 'kSf{kd] vuqlaèkku] vkSj d‚ikZsjsV½ vkSj HkkSxksfyd lsfVaXl ¼'kgjh] vèkZ&'kgjh] vkSj xzkeh.k½ ds 200 iqLrdky;ksa dk MsVk lsV mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA vè;;u fMftVy viukus ds egRoiw.kZ dkjdksa dk fo'ys"k.k djrk gS] ftlesa fMftVy lalkèkuksa rd igq¡p] Lopkyu l‚¶+Vos;j dk mi;ksx] baVjusV dh miyCèkrk] foÙkiks"k.k ds lzksr vkSj volajpuk dh deh] foÙkh; lhek,¡ vkSj fMftVy lk{kjrk esa varj tSlh ckèkk,¡ 'kkfey gSaA 'kksèk ls irk pyrk gS fd 'kgjh 'kS{kf.kd vkSj d‚ikZsjsV iqLrdky;ksa esa fMftVy viukus dh nj vfèkd gS] tcfd xzkeh.k vkSj lkoZtfud iqLrdky;ksa dks vi;kZIr ctV vkSj ;ksX; deZpkfj;ksa dh deh tSlh egRoiw.kZ ckèkkvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k foÙk iks"k.k lzksrksa vkSj fMftVy ,dhdj.k dh fMxzh ds chp lacaèkksa dks n'kkZrk gS] vkSj ljdkjh o laLFkkxr lgk;rk ds egRoiw.kZ egRo ij tksj nsrk gSA fjiksVZ uhfr çLrkoksa ds lkFk lekIr gksrh gS] ftudk mís'; fMftVy foHkktu dks ikVuk] fMftVy lk{kjrk esa lqèkkj djuk vkSj Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa ds Hkhrj ,d vfèkd lekos'kh fMftVy okrkoj.k dk fodkl djuk gSA ;g 'kksèk mHkjrh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa fMftVy ifjorZu ij ekStwnk laokn dks c<+krk gS] vkSj uhfr fuekZrkvksa vkSj iqLrdky; çcaèkdksa ds fy, varnZ`f"V çnku djrk gSA dhoMZ: fMftVy :ikarj.k] Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;] iqLrdky; Lopkyu] bZ&lalkèku] iqLrdky; çkS|ksfxdh viukuk] lkoZtfud iqLrdky;] 'kS{kf.kd iqLrdky;] vuqlaèkku iqLrdky;] iqLrdky; volajpuk] foÙkiks"k.k pqukSfr;k¡] deZpkjh çf'k{k.k] mi;ksxdrkZ tkx:drk] fMftVy foHkktu] lwpuk igq¡p] uhfr leFkZuA Siddhanta’s International Journal of Advanced Research in Arts & Humanities Vol. 3, No. 1, September – October 2025 Siddhanta’s International Journal of Advanced Research in Arts & Humanities 393 3(1), Sept-Oct 2025, ISSN(O): 2584-2692 Website: https://sijarah.com/ 1&çLrkouk fMftVy rduhd ds rsth ls fodkl us foÜoO;kih iqLrdky; ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= dks xgjkbZ ls çHkkfor fd;k gS] ikjaifjd iqLrdky;ksa dks thoar Kku dsaæksa esa ifjofrZr dj fn;k gS tks lwpuk rd lgt igq¡p çnku djrs gSaA Hkkjr esa iqLrdky;ksa dk fMftVy :ikarj.k ,d çkFkfed Qksdl jgk gS] fo'ks"k :i ls Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; fMftVy iqLrdky; ¼,uMh,yvkbZ½] fMftVy bafM;k vfHk;ku vkSj dbZ foÜofo|ky;&usr`Ro okyh fMftVy fjiksftVjh ;kstukvksa tSls ç;klksa ds lkFkA ;s igy Kku forj.k dks c<+kus] lqyHkrk dks c<+kok nsus vkSj iqLrdky; ds cqfu;knh <kaps dk vkèkqfudhdj.k djus dk ç;kl djrh gSaA cgjgky] bu miyfCèk;ksa ds ckotwn] Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa dks fMftVy rduhdksa dks viukus vkSj ,dh—r djus esa dbZ ckèkkvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS] [kkldj xzkeh.k vkSj de foÙkiksf"kr laLFkkuksa esaA ikjaifjd ls fMftVy iqLrdky;ksa esa cnyko esa dbZ rRo 'kkfey gSa] tSls iqLrdky; ç'kklu l‚¶Vos;j] fMftVy lkexzh fjiksftVjh] DykmM&vkèkkfjr lsok,a vkSj —f=e cqf)eÙkk&laofèkZr dSVy‚fxax flLVe dks viukukA ;|fi 'kgjh 'kS{kf.kd vkSj d‚ikZsjsV iqLrdky;ksa us fMftVy viukus esa çxfr dh gS] lkoZtfud vkSj xzkeh.k iqLrdky;ksa dks foÙkh; lhekvksa] vi;kZIr cqfu;knh <k¡ps] deZpkfj;ksa ds chp lhfer fMftVy lk{kjrk vkSj ifjorZu ds fojksèk lfgr pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gSA ;s vlekurk,¡ Hkkjrh; iqLrdky; {ks= esa ekStwn fMftVy varj dks js[kkafdr djrh gSa] ftlls fMftVy viukus dks çHkkfor djus okys dkjdksa dh xgu tk¡p vko';d gks tkrh gSA ;g vè;;u fofHkUu m|ksxksa vkSj HkkSxksfyd {ks=ksa ds 200 iqLrdky;ksa ls ,df=r vuqHkotU; vk¡dM+ksa ds ekè;e ls Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa ds fMftVy ifjorZu dh tk¡p djds bl varj dks nwj djus dk ç;kl djrk gSA vè;;u fuEufyf[kr ij dsafær gSA **Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa esa fMftVy viukus dh orZeku fLFkfr dk ewY;kadu djuk] ftlesa baVjusV dh igq¡p] Lopkyu midj.kksa dk mi;ksx vkSj fMftVy lkexzh dh miyCèkrk 'kkfey gSA **foÙkh; lhekvksa] çf'k{k.k dh dfe;ksa vkSj cqfu;knh <k¡ps dh ckèkkvksa lfgr fMftVy ifjorZu esa ckèkk Mkyus okyh çeq[k ckèkkvksa dh igpku djukA **laLFkkxr vkSj ljdkjh lgk;rk ds çHkko dks le>us ds fy, foÙkiks"k.k lzksrksa vkSj fMftVy viukus ds Lrjksa ds chp lacaèkksa dh tk¡p djukA **fMftVy ifjorZu esa rst+h ykus vkSj ,d lekos'kh] çkS|ksfxdh&mUeq[k iqLrdky; ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= LFkkfir djus ds fy, uhfrxr lykg vkSj b"Vre vH;kl çnku djukA Siddhanta’s International Journal of Advanced Research in Arts & Humanities Vol. 3, No. 1, September – October 2025 Siddhanta’s International Journal of Advanced Research in Arts & Humanities 394 3(1), Sept-Oct 2025, ISSN(O): 2584-2692 Website: https://sijarah.com/ ;g 'kksèk MsVk&lapkfyr i)fr dk mi;ksx djrk gS] tks mHkjrh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa fMftVyhdj.k ij ckrphr dks c<+kok nsrk gS vkSj uhfr fuekZrkvksa] iqLrdky; ç'kkldksa vkSj iqLrdky; ,oa lwpuk foKku ds fo}kuksa ds fy, O;kogkfjd varnZ`f"V çnku djrk gSA bl vè;;u ds fu"d"kZ fMftVy igq¡p esa lqèkkj] lalkèkuksa ds vfèkdre mi;ksx vkSj Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa esa fMftVy foHkktu dks ikVus dh Hkfo"; dh igyksa dks çHkkfor dj ldrs gSaA 2lkfgR; leh{kk Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa dk fMftVy :ikarj.k] HkkSfrd iqLrdksa ds ikjaifjd HkaMkj.k ls xfr'khy] rduhd&lapkfyr lwpuk dsaæksa dh vksj ,d egRoiw.kZ cnyko dk çrhd gSA ;g fodkl lwpuk ,oa lapkj çkS|ksfxdh ¼vkbZlhVh½ esa çxfr] mi;ksxdrkZvksa dh cnyrh vis{kkvksa vkSj lwpuk rd igq¡p esa lqèkkj ds fy, fMt+kbu fd, x, ljdkjh dk;ZØeksa }kjk çsfjr gSA ;g lkfgR; leh{kk bl cnyko ds fofHkUu igyqvksa dh iM+rky djrh gS] ftlesa rduhdh Loh—fr] mi;ksxdrkZvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh] lkeus vkbZ ckèkk,¡ vkSj Hkfo"; dh laHkkouk,¡ 'kkfey gSaA Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa esa çkS|ksfxdh dks viukuk Hkkjr esa iqLrdky; lapkyu ds mUu;u esa vkbZlhVh dk lekos'k vko';d jgk gSA dkSy ¼2017½ crkrs gSa fd Hkkjrh; 'kS{kf.kd iqLrdky;ksa us fMftVyhdj.k ds rjhdksa dks èkhjs&èkhjs viuk;k gS] eq[;r% fMftVy bafM;k igy vkSj jk"Vªh; Kku usVodZ tSlh ljdkj }kjk çk;ksftr igyksa ds ekè;e lsA fMftVy fji‚ftVjh] DykmM&vkèkkfjr lsokvksa vkSj vksiu ,Dlsl baLVhVîw'kuy fji‚ftVjh ds vkxeu us 'kS{kf.kd tkudkjh dh igq¡p esa mYys[kuh; o`f) dh gS ¼jes'k vkSj xksiky] 2016½A ehuk ¼2018½ us Hkkjrh; foÜofo|ky; iqLrdky;ksa esa jsfM;ks ÝhDosalh vkbMsafVfQds'ku ¼RFID½ rduhd ds çHkkoh vuqç;ksx ij t+ksj fn;k] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i csgrj bUosaVªh çcaèku] de iqLrd pksjh vkSj csgrj Lo&lsok {kerk,¡ çkIr gqbZaA vè;;u ls irk pyk fd HkkSfrd iqLrd psdvkmV esa 30% dh deh vkbZ gS] tks fMftVy lalkèkuksa ds çfr c<+rs #>ku dks n'kkZrk gSA vuqjkèkk ¼2018½ us 'kS{kf.kd iqLrdky;ksa ds fodkl dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k vkSj rduhdh viukus dh tfVyrkvksa ls fuiVus ds fy, O;kid fMftVy j.kuhfr;ksa dh vko';drk ij çdk'k MkykA vè;;u esa bl ckr ij t+ksj fn;k x;k fd DykmM&vkèkkfjr iqLrdky; çcaèku ç.kkfy;ksa vkSj Q+sMjsVsM lpZ VwYl tSlh fMftVy çxfr us iqLrdky; lapkyu dh n{krk esa lqèkkj fd;k gSA ikfVy vkSj ijesÜoj ¼2017½ us Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa esa dksgk vkSj ,lvks;w,y tSlh ,dh—r iqLrdky; ç.kkfy;ksa ¼vkbZ,y,l½ ds c<+rs dk;kZUo;u dh tk¡p dh] ftUgksaus dSVy‚fxax] lapyu vkSj lalkèku lk>kdj.k dks vuqdwfyr fd;k gSA Siddhanta’s International Journal of Advanced Research in Arts & Humanities Vol. 3, No. 1, September – October 2025 Siddhanta’s International Journal of Advanced Research in Arts & Humanities 395 3(1), Sept-Oct 2025, ISSN(O): 2584-2692 Website: https://sijarah.com/ flag ¼2018½ us iqLrdky;ksa esa eksckby rduhdksa dh Hkwfedk dk vè;;u fd;k vkSj iqLrdky; lsokvksa rd igq¡pus ds fy, eksckby IysVQ+‚eZ ij c<+rh fuHkZjrk ij çdk'k MkykA 'kksèk ls irk pyk fd çeq[k d‚ystksa esa eksckby ,fIyds'ku] D;wvkj dksM vkSj eksckby v‚uykbu ifCyd ,Dlsl dSVy‚x ¼,evksih,lh½ dk O;kid :i ls mi;ksx fd;k x;k] ftlls mi;ksxdrkZ nwjLFk :i ls lalkèkuksa rd igq¡p çkIr dj ldsA mi;ksxdrkZvksa dh lgHkkfxrk vkSj çHkko fMftVy rduhdksa dks viukus ls Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa esa mi;ksxdrkZ dh lgHkkfxrk esa O;kid cnyko vk;k gSA xqykVh vkSj 'kekZ ¼2017½ us fMftVy iqLrdky;ksa esa —f=e cqf)eÙkk ¼,vkbZ½ ds çHkko dk vè;;u fd;k vkSj ik;k fd ,vkbZ&lapkfyr [kkst midj.k vkSj vuq'kalk ç.kkfy;k¡ mi;ksxdrkZ dh [kq'kh vkSj lalkèkuksa dh [kkst {kerk dks c<+krh gSaA 'kksèk ls irk pyk fd ,vkbZ&lapkfyr vuqdwyu rduhdsa iBu O;ogkj ds vuqlkj vuq'kalkvksa dks vuqdwfyr djds mi;ksxdrkZ vuqHko dks csgrj cuk ldrh gSaA pØorÊ vkSj ukFk ¼2016½ us c<+rs fMftVyhdj.k ds dkj.k Hkkjrh; foÜofo|ky; ds Nk=ksa dh i<+us dh vknrksa esa vk, cnyko dh tk¡p dhA muds 'kksèk ls irk pyk fd ikjaifjd eqfær lalkèkuksa dh rqyuk esa bZ&iqLrdksa] v‚uykbu if=dkvksa vkSj vksiu&,Dlsl lkexzh ds çfr yksxksa dk #>ku c<+ jgk gSA bl cnyko ds ifj.kkeLo:i iqLrdky;ksa esa mifLFkfr esa deh vkbZ gS] ftlls HkkSfrd vkSj fMftVy lsokvksa dks feykdj gkbfczM iqLrdky; e‚My cukus dh çsj.kk feyh gSA dqekj vkSj flag ¼2017½ us Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa esa fMftVy lk{kjrk dk;ZØeksa ds dk;kZUo;u dh tk¡p dh vkSj ik;k fd fMftVy dkS'ky çf'k{k.k çnku djus okys iqLrdky;ksa esa mi;ksxdrkZ lgHkkfxrk dk Lrj csgrj jgkA vè;;u esa Nk=ksa vkSj 'kksèkdrkZvksa ds chp fMftVy lk{kjrk esa lqèkkj ds fy, lwpuk iquçkZfIr] m)j.k çcaèku vkSj MsVkcsl mi;ksx ij fu;fer dk;Z'kkykvksa ds vk;kstu dh vko';drk ij çdk'k Mkyk x;kA 3fMftVy ifjorZu esa ckèkk,¡ fMftVyhdj.k esa çxfr ds ckotwn] Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa dks vius fMftVy ifjorZu ç;klksa esa dbZ ckèkkvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gSA eq[ktÊ vkSj ik=k ¼2018½ us Hkkjr esa fMftVy iqLrdky; xfrfofèk;ksa dk vè;;u fd;k vkSj ik;k fd dbZ fMftVy iqLrdky; vi;kZIr esVkMsVk ekudksa] ?kfV;k [kkst baVjQsl vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; ç.kkfy;ksa ds lkFk lhfer laidZ ds dkj.k ckfèkr gSaA vè;;u esa lalkèkuksa dh [kkst {kerk c<+kus ds fy, Mcfyu dksj vkSj MARC 21 lfgr varjkZ"Vªh; esVkMsVk ekudksa ds dk;kZUo;u dh odkyr dh xbZA Siddhanta’s International Journal of Advanced Research in Arts & Humanities Vol. 3, No. 1, September – October 2025 Siddhanta’s International Journal of Advanced Research in Arts & Humanities 396 3(1), Sept-Oct 2025, ISSN(O): 2584-2692 Website: https://sijarah.com/ flag vkSj vkflQ ¼2017½ us fMftVy ifjorZu esa egRoiw.kZ ckèkkvksa dk irk yxk;k] tSls fd foÙkh; lhek,¡] fMftVy varjky] lkbcj lqj{kk tksf[ke] vkSj iqLrdky;ksa esa cnyko ds çfr deZpkfj;ksa dk fojksèkA bl 'kksèk esa bu eqíksa ls fuiVus ds fy, LFkk;h foÙkh; <k¡pksa] mUur lkbcj lqj{kk çksVksd‚y vkSj fujarj O;kolkf;d fodkl igyksa dh vko';drk ij çdk'k Mkyk x;kA 'kekZ ¼2016½ us fMftVy iqLrdky; fodkl ij ljdkjh uhfr;ksa ds çHkko dh tk¡p dh vkSj ik;k fd ;|fi jk"Vªh; iqLrdky; fe'ku ¼,u,e,y½ tSlh igyksa us cqfu;knh <k¡ps ds fodkl esa enn dh gS] ysfdu uhfr;ksa ds vfu;fer fØ;kUo;u vkSj ukSdj'kkgh dh nsjh us çxfr esa ckèkk Mkyh gSA bl 'kksèk us fMftVyhdj.k çfØ;k esa rst+h ykus ds fy, 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa] ljdkjh fudk;ksa vkSj çkS|ksfxdh vkiwfrZdrkZvksa ds chp csgrj leUo; dh vko';drk ij t+ksj fn;kA 4Hkfo"; dh laHkkouk,¡ vkSj lq>ko 2016 esa mn~?kkfVr Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; fMftVy ykbczsjh ¼,uMh,yvkbZ½ Hkkjrh; Nk=ksa vkSj fo}kuksa ds fy, ,d lesfdr fMftVy lwpuk lalkèku LFkkfir djus dh fn'kk esa ,d egRoiw.kZ çxfr dk çrhd gS ¼HkaMkjh vkSj xqIrk] 2017½A ;g ifj;kstuk 'kS{kf.kd lalkèkuksa rd vçfrcafèkr igq¡p çnku djus vkSj eqä Kku çlkj dh laL—fr dks c<+kok nsus ds O;kid y{; ds vuq:i gSA fMftVy ifjorZu dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy, iqLrdky;ksa ls e'khu yfuZax vkSj Lopkyu rduhd esa fuos'k djus dk vkxzg fd;k tkrk gSA nkl vkSj bLyke ¼2017½ us lwpuk iquçkZfIr dks csgrj cukus] dSVy‚fxax çfØ;kvksa dks Lopkfyr djus vkSj laxzg fodkl ds fy, iwokZuqekfur varnZ`f"V çnku djus ds fy, ,vkbZ vkSj fcx MsVk ,ukfyfVDl dh {kerk ij t+ksj fn;kA DykmM&vkèkkfjr l‚¶+Vos;j ,st+ v lfoZl (SaaS) IysVQ+‚eZ dk mi;ksx iqLrdky; çcaèku esa ,d egRoiw.kZ pyu cu x;k gSA tks'kh vkSj oekZ ¼2018½ dk ekuuk gS fd DykmM&vkèkkfjr ç.kkfy;k¡ ekiuh;rk] ykxr&çHkko'khyrk vkSj nwjLFk igq¡p çnku djrh gSa] ftlls os lhfer foÙkh; vkSj volajpukRed lalkèkuksa okys Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa ds fy, mi;qä cu tkrh gSaA blds vykok iVsy ¼2018½ tSls fo}kuksa us lqjf{kr fMftVy vfèkdkj çcaèku ds fy, Cy‚dpsu rduhd dks 'kkfey djus dh flQ+kfj'k dh gSA Cy‚dpsu fMftVy vfHkys[kkxkj dh v[kaMrk vkSj çkekf.kdrk dks c<+k ldrk gS] ;g lqfuf'pr djrs gq, fd d‚ihjkbV MsVk lqjf{kr jgs vkSj lkFk gh igq¡p fu;a=.k Hkh cuk jgsA Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa dk fMftVy :ikarj.k ,d egRoiw.kZ fdUrq tfVy dk;Z gS ftlds fy, ,d cgqvk;keh j.kuhfr dh vko';drk gSA fMftVy rduhd dks viukus] mi;ksxdrkZ dh Hkkxhnkjh c<+kus vkSj jk"Vªh; fMftVy dk;ZØeksa ds fuekZ.k esa i;kZIr çxfr ds ckotwn] foÙkh; lhek,¡] rduhdh vçpyu vkSj iqLrdky; dfeZ;ksa esa dkS'ky dh deh lfgr dbZ Siddhanta’s International Journal of Advanced Research in Arts & Humanities Vol. 3, No. 1, September – October 2025 Siddhanta’s International Journal of Advanced Research in Arts & Humanities 397 3(1), Sept-Oct 2025, ISSN(O): 2584-2692 Website: https://sijarah.com/ leL;k,¡ cuh gqbZ gSaA bu dfBukb;ksa ij dkcw ikus ds fy, LekVZ uhfrxr gLr{ksi] mHkjrh çkS|ksfxfd;ksa esa fuos'k esa o`f) vkSj fgrèkkjdksa ds chp csgrj lg;ksx vko';d gSA uokpkj dks viukdj vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; lokZsÙke çFkkvksa dk ikyu djds] Hkkjrh; iqLrdky; vius fMftVy cqfu;knh <k¡ps esa lqèkkj dj ldrs gSa vkSj fMftVy ;qx esa vko';d Kku dsaæ ds :i esa viuh Hkwfedk cuk, j[k ldrs gSaA 5vuqlaèkku i)fr vuqlaèkku <kapk ;g vè;;u Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa ds fMftVy :ikarj.k dh tkap djus ds fy, ek=kRed vuqlaèkku i)fr dk mi;ksx djrk gS] ftlesa vaxhdj.k iSVuZ] dfBukb;k¡ vkSj mi;ksxdrkZ Hkkxhnkjh ij è;ku dsafær fd;k x;k gSA bl vuqlaèkku us 2018 ds MsVk dk fo'ys"k.k djus ds fy, ,d o.kZukRed fMt+kbu dk mi;ksx fd;k] tks fofHkUu iqLrdky; Jsf.k;ksa esa fMftVy vaxhdj.k ds Lrj ij varnZ`f"V çnku djrk gSAlkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k vkSj laxzg ds Hkhrj iSVuZ dh igpku dh lqfoèkk ds fy, ek=kRed i)fr;ksa dk p;u fd;k x;kA MsVk laxzg ds rjhds bl vuqlaèkku esa f}rh;d MsVk lzksrksa dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa 'kkfey gSa:lkekftd nLrkost+ vkSj igysa tSls us'kuy u‚yst usVodZ ¼,uds,u½] us'kuy fe'ku v‚u ykbczsjht ¼,u,e,y½] vkSj fMftVy bafM;k igyA *'kS{kf.kd iqLrdky;ksa] lkoZtfud iqLrdky;ksa vkSj futh fMftVy HkaMkjksa ls MsVkA * loZs{k.k vkSj lkaf[;dh; MsVk tks 2018 esa Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa esa fMftVy volajpuk ds lacaèk esa fd, x, igys ds vuqlaèkku ls çkIr fd, x,A * Hkkjrh; okf.kT; vkSj m|ksx eaMyksa ds la?k ¼FICCI½ vkSj Hkkjrh; lkaf[;dh laLFkku ¼ISI½ tSlh laLFkkvksa dh fjiksVZsaA MsVk dks O;ofLFkr <ax ls ,df=r fd;k x;k rkfd vuqlaèkku mís';ksa ds çfr fLFkjrk vkSj çklafxdrk lqfuf'pr dh tk ldsA 6vuqlaèkku dk;Zç.kkyh vuqlaèkku <kapk bl vè;;u esa Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa ds fMftVy :ikarj.k dh tkap ds fy, ek=k lacaèkh vuqlaèkku dk;Zç.kkyh dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gS] tks viukus ds iSVuZ] dfBukb;ksa vkSj mi;ksxdrkZ lgHkkfxrk ij dsafær gSA bl vuqlaèkku us 2018 ds MsVk dh tkap ds fy, o.kZukRed fMt+kbu dk mi;ksx Siddhanta’s International Journal of Advanced Research in Arts & Humanities Vol. 3, No. 1, September – October 2025 Siddhanta’s International Journal of Advanced Research in Arts & Humanities 398 3(1), Sept-Oct 2025, ISSN(O): 2584-2692 Website: https://sijarah.com/ fd;k] ftlls fofHkUu iqLrdky; Jsf.k;ksa esa fMftVy viukus ds Lrj ij tkudkjh çkIr gqbZAlkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k vkSj laxzg esa iSVuZ igpku dh lqfoèkk ds fy, ek=k lacaèkh dk;Zç.kkfy;ksa dks pquk x;kA laxzg ds Hkhrj lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k vkSj iSVuZ igpku dks lqfoèkktud cukus ds fy, ek=kRed i)fr;ksa dk p;u fd;k x;kA MsVk laxzg dh fofèk;k¡ ;g vuqlaèkku ekè;fed MsVk lzksrksa dk mi;ksx djrk gS] ftlesa 'kkfey gSa: ljdkjh nLrkost+ vkSj igysa tSls jk"Vªh; Kku usVodZ ¼NKN½] jk"Vªh; iqLrdky; fe'ku ¼NML½] vkSj fMftVy bafM;k igyA * 'kS{kf.kd iqLrdky;ksa] lkoZtfud iqLrdky;ksa vkSj futh fMftVy HkaMkjksa ls MsVkA * 2018 esa Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa esa fMftVy volajpuk ls lacafèkr iwoZ 'kksèk ls çkIr loZs{k.k vkSj lkaf[;dh; MsVkA * Hkkjrh; m|ksx ifjla?k ¼FICCI½ vkSj Hkkjrh; lkaf[;dh laLFkku ¼ISI½ tSlh laLFkkvksa dh fjiksVZsaA MsVk dks lqO;ofLFkr <ax ls ,d= fd;k x;k rkfd vuqlaèkku ds mís';ksa ds çfr bldh fujarjrk vkSj çklafxdrk lqfuf'pr dh tk ldsA MsVk dks Øec) rjhds ls ,d= fd;k x;k rkfd vuqlaèkku mís';ksa ds lkFk fujarjrk vkSj çklafxdrk lqfuf'pr dh tk ldsAuewuksa dk p;uvuqlaèkku esa Hkkjr ds pkjksa vksj 200 iqLrdky;ksa ds MsVklsV dk bLrseky fd;k x;k] ftlesa dbZ Jsf.k;k¡ 'kkfey Fkha] tSls:- * vdknfed iqLrdky; ¼foÜofo|ky; vkSj d‚yst iqLrdky;½ – 100 * lkoZtfud iqLrdky; – 50 * fo'ks"k fMftVy fji‚ft+Vjh – 30 * d‚ikZsjsV vkSj futh iqLrdky; — fuEufyf[kr ekunaMksa ds vkèkkj ij chl iqLrdky; pqus x,:& fMftVy lsokvksa dh miyCèkrk] tSls bZ&cqDl] v‚uykbu dSVy‚x vkSj fMftVkbTM vkdkZboA * HkkSxksfyd fofoèkrk] ftlesa egkuxjh; {ks=] fV;j&2 'kgj vkSj xzkeh.k {ks= 'kkfey gSaA * laLFkkxr lac)rk vkSj foÙkiks"k.k e‚My ¼ljdkjh foÙk iksf"kr cuke futh lapkfyr iqLrdky;½A Siddhanta’s International Journal of Advanced Research in Arts & Humanities Vol. 3, No. 1, September – October 2025 Siddhanta’s International Journal of Advanced Research in Arts & Humanities 399 3(1), Sept-Oct 2025, ISSN(O): 2584-2692 Website: https://sijarah.com/ * fMftVy lsokvksa dh lapkyu vofèk ¼2018 ls lfØ; fMftVy ifj;kstukvksa okys iqLrdky;½A MsVk fo'ys"k.k ds rjhds laxzfgr MsVk dk ijh{k.k fooj.kkRed lkaf[;dh] ço`fÙk fo'ys"k.k] vkSj vuqeku lkaf[;dh; fofèk;ksa ds feJ.k dk mi;ksx djds fd;k x;kA fooj.kkRed fo'ys"k.k: fMftVy rduhd dks viukus ds Lrj dks la{ksi esa çLrqr djus ds fy, ekè;] vko`fÙk forj.k] vkSj çfr'kr dk mi;ksx fd;k x;kA #>ku fo'ys"k.k: c<+rh ço`fÙk;ksa dh igpku ds fy, fMftVy :ikarj.k dh okf"kZd çxfr dk ewY;kadu fd;k x;Ka rqyukRed fo'ys"k.k: lkoZtfud vkSj futh iqLrdky;ksa ds chp fMftVy viukus esa varj dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;kA çfrxeu fo'ys"k.k: fMftVy viukus ds egRoiw.kZ iwokZuqekudksa dh igpku djus ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k x;k] ftlesa foÙk iks"k.k] vkbZVh cqfu;knh <kapk] vkSj mi;ksxdrkZ lgHkkfxrk Lrj 'kkfey gSaA 7vuqlaèkku dh lhek,¡ ;g vè;;u ewY;oku tkudkjh çnku djrk gS] gkykafd blesa dqN fof'k"V lhek,¡ gSa: MsVk dh miyCèkrk: ;g vuqlaèkku ekStwnk laLFkkxr vkSj ljdkjh fjiksVksZa ij vkèkkfjr gS] ftudh lhek vkSj O;kidrk lhfer gks ldrh gSA çfrfufèkRo: tcfd uewuk fofHkUu iqLrdky;ksa dks 'kkfey djrk gS] ;g NksVs ;k de lalkèku okys laLFkkuksa ds fMftVy ifjorZu ds vuqHkoksa dks iwjh rjg ls çfrfcafcr ugha dj ldrkA lkekU;hdj.k: ifj.kke ns[ks x, MsVk lsV ls çkIr gq, gSa vkSj ;g Hkkjr ds lHkh iqLrdky;ksa ij lkoZHkkSfed :i ls ykxw ugha gks ldrsA çkS|ksfxdh vkSj uhfr fodkl: çkS|ksfxdh rFkk ljdkjh fu;eksa dh xfr'khyrk ;g n'kkZrh gS fd fMftVy viukus dh ço`fÙk bl vè;;u ds nk;js ls ckgj fodflr gksrh jgsxhA 8-ifjdYiuk Siddhanta’s International Journal of Advanced Research in Arts & Humanities Vol. 3, No. 1, September – October 2025 Siddhanta’s International Journal of Advanced Research in Arts & Humanities 400 3(1), Sept-Oct 2025, ISSN(O): 2584-2692 Website: https://sijarah.com/ bl vè;;u ds y{;ksa ds çdk'k esa] fuEufyf[kr fl)kar fodflr fd, x, gSa: eq[; ifjdYiuk ¼H1½( H1: vkbZVh volajpuk vkSj laLFkkxr foÙk iks"k.k dh miyCèkrk dk Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa esa fMftVy rduhdksa dks viukus ij cM+k çHkko gksrk gSA f}rh;d ifjdYiuk,¡: H2: pwafd 'kS{kf.kd iqLrdky; lalkèkuksa dk vfèkd çHkkoh mi;ksx djrs gSa vkSj mUgsa vfèkd rduhdh lgk;rk feyrh gS] blfy, os lkoZtfud iqLrdky;ksa dh rqyuk esa mPp Lrj dk fMftVy :ikarj.k fn[kkrs gSaA H3: lkoZtfud ;k O;kolkf;d {ks=ksa ls i;kZIr foÙkh; leFkZu çkIr iqLrdky; vfèkd fMftVy&Lukrd ¼DIGITALLY SAVVY½ gksus dh laHkkouk j[krs gSaA H4: fMftVy iqLrdky; lsokvksa dh çHkko'khyrk ij mi;ksxdrkZvksa dh fMftVy lk{kjrk vkSj lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh dk ldkjkRed çHkko iM+rk gSA H5: Hkkjrh; iqLrdky;ksa esa fMftVy rduhd dks viukus dh nj HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr ¼xzkeh.k cuke 'kgjh½ ls çHkkfor gksrh gSA 9ifj.kke vkSj ppkZ o.kZukRed fo'ys"k.k o.kZukRed vè;;u ls fofHkUu çdkj ds iqLrdky;ksa esa fMftVy viukus dh egRoiw.kZ ço`fÙk;k¡ lkeus vkrh gSaA 78% iqLrdky; bZ&lalkèku çnku djrs gSa vkSj 65% fMftVy _.k lsok,¡ çnku djrs gSa] vkSj 'kS{kf.kd iqLrdky; lcls vfèkd fMftVy ,dhdj.k çnf'kZr djrs gSaA lkoZtfud iqLrdky;ksa esa çkS|ksfxdh viukus dh nj de gS( dsoy 45% us fMftVkbTM vkdkZbOl ykxw fd, gSa vkSj 38% v‚uykbu dSVy‚x ,Dlsl çnku djrs gSa] blds ckotwn fd os fMftVy rduhdksa ds c<+rs mi;ksx esa 'kkfey gSaA futh vkSj lkoZtfud iqLrdky;ksa dk rqyukRed vè;;u ,d rqyuk vè;;u ds vuqlkj] futh foÙk iks"k.k okys iqLrdky; fMftVy viukus ds ekeys esa lkoZtfud foÙk iks"k.k okys iqLrdky;ksa dh rqyuk esa csgrj çn'kZu djrs gSaA 85% d‚ikZsjsV vkSj futh iqLrdky;ksa us dgk fd mUgksaus ljdkjh foÙk iksf"kr iw.kZ&Ldsy fMftVy iqLrdky; LFkkfir