Ultrasonic Pulse Transmission Tests: Datasets - Test Series 7, Reference Tests on Aluminium Cylinder

Technical description Ultrasonic Pulse Transmission Tests: Datasets  Test Series 7, Reference Tests on Aluminium Cylinder Jakob Harden † † Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria Corresponding author email: [email protected] 2025-02-05 Abstract The test series was created in order to validate the stability and functionality of the test device and to create a data reference for metals (aluminium cylinder). The approach for the test series was to vary the parameters number-of-samples-recorded and pulse-voltage. This results in a two-dimensional test parameter grid. Tests were performed several times for each grid point (number-of-samples-recorded versus pulsevoltage) in order to receive statistical information about the stability of the test results. The material tested was an aluminium cylinder with a diameter of 50 millimetres and a height of 50 millimetres. The test method used was the ultrasonic pulse transmission method with combined compressionand shear wave measurements. All test data and metadata are summarized into datasets using GNU Octave's open binary le format. CC-BY-4.0 Jakob Harden 1 Technical description 1 Introduction This document provides a technical description of the datasets of a series of ultrasonic pulse transmission tests (UPTT) performed in the course of the PhD thesis of the author of this document (see title page). This test series was performed to create a data reference for metals (aluminium cylinder). The test series design is based on the variation of two dierent parameters. The number-of-samples-recorded N= [16k, 24k, 33k, 50k] , the pulsevoltage V= [400,600,800] Volts. The distance-between-actuator-and-sensor D= [50] millimetres was kept constant and is identical to the height of the aluminium cylinder. This results in a two-dimensional parameter grid. For each grid point ( N, V ), tests were carried out several times to gain information about the stability of the tests. The result is a collection of 12 datasets containing the measurement data of the UPTT's. The test device used for the UPTT's is the FreshCon[7] device (developed at the University of Stuttgart, Germany). An elaborate description of test devices, the material and the test operation procedures is stored in the data set structure along with the measurement results. This record is published to allow other researchers to make use of it. In particular, those who have no access to the required laboratory facilities and test equipment. To allow others to make use of these datasets freely, an open license was chosen by the author (Creative Commons 4.0 Attribution, CC-BY-4.0). 2 Record content The repository record consists of the following three les:  ts7_techdescr.pdf contains the technical description (this le).  ts7_rawdata.tar.xz contains the raw measurement data. This compressed TAR archive consists of a set of ZIP archives enlisted in table 8 in section Appendix  Tables . The content of the ZIP archives is described in section 3.  ts7_datasets.tar.xz contains the datasets compiled from the raw measurement data. This compressed TAR archive consists of a set of binary les (*.oct, open GNU Octave binary format) enlisted in table 9 in section Appendix  Tables . The structure of the content of each data set is described in section 4 in detail. Extracting data set les from compressed TAR archives: Under Linux the content of the compressed TAR archives can easily be extracted with the command line tool `tar'[3] on the bash[1] command prompt. On Microsoft Windows one may use `7zip'[8] instead. $ tar -xf <filename>.tar.xz Data integrity: To ensure the integrity of the les contained in the compressed TAR archives, the SHA256 checksum is also provided along with the les. See second column in tables 8 and 9 in section Tables . Check the integrity of a le with sha256sum[2] at the bash command prompt. $ echo "<sha256_checksum> <filename>" > checkfile.txt $ sha256sum --check checkfile.txt File name convention, data set code: The variation of the test series parameters is also reected in the le names. The le names are a concatenation of the test-series-id <T>, the distance-between-actuator-andsensor <D> in millimetres, the number-of-samples-recorded (recording block size) <N> in kilo-samples and the pulse voltage <V> in Volts. Filename structure: <T>_d<D>_b<N>_v<V>.oct . As example, a test performed with D= 50 mm, N= 16k samples and V= 800 Volts is stored in ts7_d50_b16_v800.oct. The name of the corresponding raw data archive is ts7_d50_b16_v800.zip. Licensing: The contents of the repository entry published under the DOI 10.3217/xxxxxxx are made available under the open Creative Commons 4.0 Attribution license (CC-BY-4.0). This applies to the les ts7_rawdata.tar.xz, ts7_datasets.tar.xz, ts7_techdescr.pdf and their contents. A full description of the license terms is available at the following URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. CC-BY-4.0 Jakob Harden 2 Technical description 3 Raw data archive structure Each data set in the raw data archive ts7_rawdata.tar.xz is represented by a ZIP archive. The directories and les contained in the archive les are enlisted in table 1. L C Path Type Description 0 1 <datasetcode> directory data set directory 1 1 projinfo.txt plain text le metadata and information about additional tests 1 1 Channel 1 directory compression wave measurement data 2 1 ../measurements.txt plain text le list of signal lenames and recording timestamp 2 1 ../settings.txt plain text le device and measurement settings 2 N ../tst<num>.dat plain text les signal data of compression wave measurements 1 1 Channel 2 directory shear wave measurement data 2 1 ../measurements.txt plain text le list of signal lenames and recording timestamp 2 1 ../settings.txt plain text le device and measurement settings 2 N ../tst<num>.dat plain text les signal data of shear wave measurements Table 1: Raw data directoryand le structure (ZIP archives). L ...directory level; C ...cardinality. 4 Data set binary le structure Each data set in the data set archive ts7_datasets.tar.xz is represented by a OCT le (<lename>.oct). They were generated from raw data consisting of plain text les (see also 3). Therefore, GNU Octave 6.2.0[4] command scripts were used. The result of the conversion process are datasets available in GNU Octave's open binary le format. The data in the datasets is organized in a C-like hierarchical data structure. That structure consists of several structural levels. The top structural level serves to classify the data according to individual thematic areas. The metadata and data of the measurement results are stored in the lower structure levels. To be able to display the data and metadata as simply as possible, sub-structures are used, which are referred to here as `atomic elements' and represent the lowest structural level of the data. There are three dened types of atomic elements: the atomic reference element (ARE), the atomic attribute element (AAE) and the atomic data element (ADE). All atomic elements consist of simple structure elds that hold the data. 4.1 Atomic elements Atomic reference element (ARE): Atomic reference elements are used to link objects to each other. This is to avoid copies of recurring content (e.g. for a specimen used in several subsidiary tests). They consist of a set of elds enlisted in table 2. Field Description Data type obj object type (always `ARE') string ver version number [major, minor] uint16 t tag, a descriptive name string i referenced id uint, [uint] r referenced object name {string} d description string Table 2: Field list of atomic reference elements (ARE) Atomic attribute element (AAE): Atomic attribute elements are used to store text only (e.g. additional description of the parent data structure). They consist of a set of elds enlisted in table 3. CC-BY-4.0 Jakob Harden 3 Technical description Field Description Data type obj object type (always `AAE') string ver version number [Major, Minor] [uint16] t tag, a descriptive name string v value, text string, {string} d description string Table 3: Field list of atomic attribute elements (AAE) Atomic data element (AAE): Atomic data elements are used to store values in combination with value type and physical unit (e.g. measurement data). They consist of a set of elds enlisted in table 4. The value type enumerators stored in eld vt are enlisted in table 6 in section Appendix  Tables . Field Description Data type obj object type (always `ADE') string ver version number [Major, Minor] [uint16] t tag, a descriptive name string vt value type enumerator string v value of given value type depends on value type u unit string d description string Table 4: Field list of atomic data elements (ADE) 4.2 Data set structure hierarchy The hierarchy of the data structure consists of top-level substructures containing various atomic elements or other lower-level substructures (e.g. ds.tst, test collection). A list of main substructures is shown in table 5. A more detailed description of the structure hierarchy is shown in table 7 in section Appendix  Tables . L C Path Description 0 1 ds structure root 1 1 ds.meta_ser test series metadata 1 1 ds.meta_set data set metadata 1 N ds.loc geo-location information, GPS coordinates 1 1 ds.lic license information 1 N ds.aut author information 1 N ds.dev test device information 1 N ds.mat test material information 1 N ds.spm test specimen information, specimen I and II 1 1 ds.tst test collection 2 1 ds.tst.s02 solid specimen density, specimen I 2 1 ds.tst.s03 solid specimen density, specimen II 2 1 ds.tst.s04 ultrasonic measurement distance, specimen I 2 1 ds.tst.s05 ultrasonic measurement distance, specimen II 2 1 ds.tst.s06 ultrasonic pulse transmission test (compression wave), specimen I 2 1 ds.tst.s07 ultrasonic pulse transmission test (shear wave), specimen II 2 1 ds.tst.s09 environment temperature Table 5: Main substructures. L ...hierarchy level; C ...cardinality. 4.3 Accessing items of the hierarchical data structure To access the data and metadata in the hierarchical data structure, the le need to be loaded into memory rst. Then, the structure handling commands of GNU Octave can be used to access single items. To illustrate the CC-BY-4.0 Jakob Harden 4 Technical description process, some typical application examples using the GNU Octave command line interface are given below. Load data set: Load data set and store the result in variable ds . octave: >>> ds = load('/path/to/dataset/file.oct', 'dataset').dataset; Accessing items: The following commands store the signal data of all compression wave signals in variable s1 and all shear wave signals in variable s2 . All other elements can be accessed in the same way. A detailed list of available structure elements is shown in table 7 in section Appendix  Tables . octave: >>> s1 = ds.tst.s06.d13.v; octave: >>> s2 = ds.tst.s07.d13.v; 5 Revision and release history Version Date Author Description 1.0 2023-07-14 Jakob Harden First release. 1.1 2025-02-05 Jakob Harden Correction of incorrect numbers in the structure elds dataset.tst.s02.d02.v , dataset.tst.s02.d08.v , dataset.tst.s02.d02.v and dataset.tst.s03.d08.v of the binary datasets (*.oct les). Update of the dataset version number in structure eld dataset.meta_set.a15.v . The correction also applies to the variable `ssd_wght' in the `projinfo.txt' les included in the rawdata datasets. The patch used to update the binary datasets to version 1.1 is available in the GitHUB repository[6] (see folder `patches', function le `ts7_patch_v11.m') and in a record[5] of the Graz University of Technology repository. References [1] die.net. bash(1) - Linux man page . July 14, 2023. url : https://linux.die.net/man/1/bash . [2] die.net. sha256sum(1) - Linux man page . July 14, 2023. url : https://linux.die.net/man/1/sha256sum . [3] die.net. tar(1) - Linux man page . July 14, 2023. url : https://linux.die.net/man/1/tar . [4] John W. Eaton et.al. GNU Octave - Scientic Programming Language . July 14, 2023. url : https:// octave.org/ . [5] Jakob Harden. Dataset compiler . Feb. 5, 2025. url : https://doi.org/xxxx . [6] Jakob Harden. Dataset compiler for ultrasonic pulse transmission test series data . Feb. 5, 2025. url : https://github.com/jakobharden/phd_dataset_compiler . [7] Smartmote. Smartmote - FreshCon . July 14, 2023. url : http://www.smartmote.de/joomla/de/ produkte/~ultraschall/9-produkte/19-neptun-webservices-5 . [8] www.7-zip.org. 7zip download . July 14, 2023. url : https://www.7-zip.org/download.html . CC-BY-4.0 Jakob Harden 5 Technical description Appendix  Tables Data type Description string character array, character = 8 bit string_arr 1D cell array (vector) of strings string_mat 2D cell array (matrix) of string boolean unsigned integer, 8 bit boolean_arr 1D array (vector) of type boolean boolean_mat 2D array (matrix) of type boolean uint unsigned integer uint_arr 1D array (vector) of type uint uint_mat 2D array (matrix) of type uint int signed integer int_arr 1D array (vector) of type int int_mat 2D array (matrix) of type int single single precision oating point number, 32 bit single_arr 1D array (vector) of type single single_mat 2D array (matrix) of type single double double precision oating point value, 64 bit double_arr 1D array (vector) of type double double_mat 2D array (matrix) of type double Table 6: Value types for atomic data elements (ADE) CC-BY-4.0 Jakob Harden 6 Technical description Path Type Tag Description ds struct_dataset  structure root ds.meta_ser struct_metaser  substructure ds.meta_ser.r01 ARE author author reference ds.meta_ser.r02 ARE license license reference ds.meta_ser.d01 ADE series_id test series id ds.meta_ser.a01 AAE series_code test series code ds.meta_ser.a02 AAE series_name test series name ds.meta_ser.a03 AAE description test series description ds.meta_ser.a04 AAE abstract test series abstract ds.meta_ser.a05 AAE context test series context ds.meta_ser.a06 AAE date_start test series start date ds.meta_ser.a07 AAE date_end test series end date ds.meta_set struct_metaset  substructure ds.meta_set.r01 ARE author author reference ds.meta_set.r02 ARE series test series reference ds.meta_set.r03 ARE location location reference ds.meta_set.r04 ARE license license reference ds.meta_set.d01 ADE dataset_id data set id ds.meta_set.a01 AAE dataset_code data set code ds.meta_set.a02 AAE dataset_name data set name ds.meta_set.a03 AAE description description, general ds.meta_set.a04 AAE description_abstract description, abstract ds.meta_set.a05 AAE description_methods description, methods ds.meta_set.a06 AAE description_tableofcontents description, tableofcontents ds.meta_set.a07 AAE created_by data set creator name ds.meta_set.a08 AAE collected_by data set collector name ds.meta_set.a09 AAE copyrighted_by data set copyrighter name ds.meta_set.a10 AAE date_created date created ds.meta_set.a11 AAE date_collected date collected ds.meta_set.a12 AAE date_copyrighted date copyrighted ds.meta_set.a13 AAE size data set size, number of les Continued on next page CC-BY-4.0 Jakob Harden 7 Technical description Table7  continued from previous page Path Type Tag Description ds.meta_set.a14 AAE format data set le format ds.meta_set.a15 AAE version data set version ds.meta_set.a16 AAE context data set context ds.meta_set.a17 AAE rawdata_directory data set rawdata directory ds.meta_set.a18 AAE rawdata_archive data set rawdata archive ds.loc struct_loc  substructure array ds.loc.d01 ADE location_id location id ds.loc.d02 ADE geolocation geo location, latitude, longitude ds.loc.a01 AAE country country ds.loc.a02 AAE state_province state or province ds.loc.a03 AAE city city ds.loc.a04 AAE zipcode zip code, postal code ds.loc.a05 AAE street street name ds.loc.a06 AAE housenumber house number ds.loc.a07 AAE description location description ds.lic struct_lic  substructure ds.lic.r01 ARE author author reference ds.lic.d01 ADE license_id license id ds.lic.a01 AAE license_code license code ds.lic.a02 AAE rightsholder rights holder ds.lic.a03 AAE rights rights description, e.g. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International ds.lic.a04 AAE rights_uri rights URI, e.g. https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0.html ds.lic.a05 AAE rights_identier_scheme rights identier scheme, e.g. SPDX ds.lic.a06 AAE rights_identier_scheme_uri rights identier scheme URI, e.g. https://spdx.org/licenses/ ds.lic.a07 AAE license_description license description ds.lic.a08 AAE spdx_icon license icon (spdx) ds.lic.a09 AAE spdx_id license id (spdx) ds.aut struct_aut  substructure ds.aut.d01 ADE author_id author id ds.aut.a01 AAE name full name Continued on next page CC-BY-4.0 Jakob Harden 8 Technical description Table7  continued from previous page Path Type Tag Description ds.aut.a02 AAE givenname given name, rst name ds.aut.a03 AAE familyname family name, surname ds.aut.a04 AAE initials initials ds.aut.a05 AAE title_pfx title before the name (prex) ds.aut.a06 AAE title_sfx title behind the name (sux) ds.aut.a07 AAE organization organization name ds.aut.a08 AAE department department name ds.aut.a09 AAE role role in organization/department ds.aut.a10 AAE country country ds.aut.a11 AAE state_province state or province ds.aut.a12 AAE city city name ds.aut.a13 AAE zipcode zip code, postal code ds.aut.a14 AAE street street name ds.aut.a15 AAE email email address ds.aut.a16 AAE name_identier_type name identier type, e.g. ORCID ds.aut.a17 AAE name_identier_type_uri name identier type uri, e.g. https://orcid.org/ ds.aut.a18 AAE name_identier name identier, e.g. ORCID id ds.aut.a19 AAE description author description ds.dev struct_dev  substructure array ds.dev.d01 ADE device_id device id ds.dev.a01 AAE name device name ds.dev.a02 AAE vendor vendor name ds.dev.a03 AAE product product name ds.dev.a04 AAE category device category ds.dev.a05 AAE usage device usage ds.dev.a06 AAE description device description ds.dev.s01 ADE data_array device properties ds.mat struct_mat  substructure array ds.mat.d01 ADE material_id material id ds.mat.a01 AAE name material name Continued on next page CC-BY-4.0 Jakob Harden 9 Technical description File name SHA256 checksum ts7_d50_b16_v400.zip 98b215189de997139a2424ab51ac11da96a4b770bf766bdbd785fc7628c865 ts7_d50_b16_v600.zip 803cee562a30e3ed05392852045c00c4a0ef4a76c5266f4eda316ee133172e11 ts7_d50_b16_v800.zip 6e6aa04873d131436ad90da49a77eb0d981b1cf5d226dd360935f1430de58537 ts7_d50_b24_v400.zip 41cf5f4d99174045c597b1283c64b5b94a940d76dc61245f01fa346804b4fe69 ts7_d50_b24_v600.zip 73bf3d8f1a6f81dcd3a90ee26141f1054c4127bcf7288bb41bd9de5b831318 ts7_d50_b24_v800.zip da7dda39cbec80f144ed44cb28436bd6cbb3a2a52fc5a252218648904cd2d9 ts7_d50_b33_v400.zip dd4d1c46b8c8aa8ee7f61a1667b109d0a646cc98485256c3ac708fb583e78741 ts7_d50_b33_v600.zip 8a6cdf65daae5960199404e452edcf02b27d1f9c5a1aa9ef2d34d037ab651df3 ts7_d50_b33_v800.zip 7c101c872bfbe151dac6f1a18e7bed1291def1b6b4476267f7861d0229a15c3e ts7_d50_b50_v400.zip 9df35b183e751a1afc9873a168290fb5b15b79c01dc7f9fb68b6569cc2f639f7 ts7_d50_b50_v600.zip 9fb77a4d3fdb0bc5a9f39c75ee65d390fd628e2c46423ab60392822350608f5a ts7_d50_b50_v800.zip f6fa42a132dc7ca623e6ba355ef91628a71e05152c039278308e4f8d7175abb4 Table 8: Raw data archive listing. Content of ts7_rawdata.tar.xz. File name SHA256 checksum ts7_d50_b16_v400.oct 3318e26f16462bc69363b5811ec20984286f31edefac28c040d02debc21b6771 ts7_d50_b16_v600.oct 3d212524297fe6bea1efde7dae5e484e588ec978d460d4088b9766fc5e510ca0 ts7_d50_b16_v800.oct 5aad1f6e83ae958032524420e679b6a40746abde0a2ebc7ac58818c11662f924 ts7_d50_b24_v400.oct 0aab0aef3f308c8956331917ebd109d76dbb83da1105220317186906f583375e ts7_d50_b24_v600.oct fddf8014f171b55062aaf5853684ed99ee8a7c77d60f9360c4993c76fd0c0e ts7_d50_b24_v800.oct fc2c40a0aa5a74f82ccfb022e12a76cb4570a4d8b878809116b759472ea89dbb ts7_d50_b33_v400.oct b57e26ceb9f29151ca01abe6ee171bc0fd99bef058f0f10dc2d59e30cfe64a48 ts7_d50_b33_v600.oct 88529b63b213600e8d7a0d7f563774d8dab216da1d61b4b24ba81b32022a9e9e ts7_d50_b33_v800.oct e60a40f0879f0dbb3a9deeac8f26e14d26522173fcd978b5ad827ebe8e3ea454 ts7_d50_b50_v400.oct 57a6999c92bd6be6ed8290aa40bac9326c72b8bf3a88b463e222e2a90847b750 ts7_d50_b50_v600.oct a19eada4f20fa4be315e6d287d073c4edf1dc2ec81e2fef8aee0a3400e8c4b73 ts7_d50_b50_v800.oct e3739db1bbe66050453f102741d34f764a659b87c394a4d7de00d5d19c9b Table 9: Data set le listing. Content of ts7_datasets.tar.xz. CC-BY-4.0 Jakob Harden 16