Three new species and two new records of the genus Laccaria (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from subtropical China based on morphological and multi-locus phylogenetic evidence

147 Three new species and two new records of the genus Laccaria (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from subtropical China based on morphological and multi-locus phylogenetic evidence You-Di Xu1, Ping Zhang1, Zuo-Hong Chen1, Zheng-Mi He1 1 College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China Corresponding author: Zheng-Mi He ([email protected]) Copyright: © You-Di Xu et al. This is an open access article distributed under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (Attribution 4.0 International – CC BY 4.0). Research Article Abstract Laccaria is a large genus within the family Hydnangiaceae, and many potential species remain to be discovered in China. The present study describes three new species, L. carminostipes, L. mangshanensis and L. sinolateritia, and reports two new records, L. japonica and L. versiforma, which were originally discovered in Japan and Korea, respectively. These species were collected from subtropical mixed forests and identified based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Our phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated nucleotide sequences of ITS, LSU, TEF1 and RPB2 demonstrated that the three new species each formed a distinct clade, clearly separated from other known Laccaria species. A detailed description and illustrations of these species are also provided. Key words: Laccaria, morphological characters, phylogenetic analysis, spore ornamentation, taxonomy Introduction The genus Laccaria Berk. & Broome is a group of ecologically significant ectomycorrhizal fungi that inhabit soil (Wilson et al. 2016, 2017). The latest DNA-based phylogenetic evidence supports its placement within the family Hydnangiaceae Gäum. & C.W. Dodge, suborder Agaricineae Fries, order Agaricales Underw (Vizzini et al. 2024). The diagnostic characters for Laccaria include collybioid to omphaloid basidiomata, vividly orange to brown or purple pileus with thick, sparsely arranged lamellae, and globose to subglobose echinulate basidiospores (Berkeley and Broome 1883; Mueller 1984, 1991a; Mueller and Vellinga 1986). Ecologically, species of Laccaria always form symbiotic relationships with trees, such as Pinaceae Lindl., Myrtaceae Juss., Salicaceae Juss., Fagaceae Candolle., Dipterocarpaceae Blume., Nothofagaceae Ørsted. and a part of Fabaceae Lindl. (Mueller1991; Wilson et al. 2017). The importance of this genus lies in its ability to provide nutrients to its plant partners and to engage in nutrient cycling, which is crucial for forest function and stability (Simard 2009; van der Heijden et al. 2015; Wilson et al. 2017). Furthermore, the basidiomata of some Laccaria are known to be edible, e.g., L. alba Zhu L. Yang & L. Wang, L. laccata Cooke, L. amethystina Cooke, L. angustilamella Zhu L. Yang & L. Wang, L. aurantiaF. Popa et al, L. bullipellis Academic editor: Thorsten Lumbsch Received: 21 April 2025 Accepted: 18 September 2025 Published: 13 October 2025 Citation: Xu Y-D, Zhang P, Chen Z-H, He Z-M (2025) Three new species and two new records of the genus Laccaria (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from subtropical China based on morphological and multi-locus phylogenetic evidence. MycoKeys 123: 147–170. https://doi.org/10.3897/ mycokeys.123.156526 MycoKeys 123: 147–170 (2025) DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.156526 148 MycoKeys 123: 147–170 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.156526 You-Di Xu et al.: Three new species and two new records of Laccaria from subtropical China A.W. Wilson & G.M. Muell., and L. himalayensis A.W. Wilson & G.M. Muell (Guzmán 2016; Li et al. 2015; Wu et al. 2019; Mao 2020; Wang et al. 2022). Since Laccaria was established by Berkeley and Broome (1883), numerous mycologists have contributed to its taxonomy. To date, ca. 120 species have been reported worldwide (Berkeley and Broome 1883; Singer 1967; Besson and Kühner 1971; Mueller and Sundberg 1981; Osmundson et al. 2005; Popa et al. 2016; Campi et al. 2017; Ramos et al. 2017; Corrales et al. 2020; Cui et al. 2021; Dovana et al. 2021), with the majority discovered in Europe, North America. Recently, the number of Laccaria species recognized in Asia is increasing, driven by growing awareness of the ecological and economic importance of this genus (Cho et al. 2018, 2020; Deepna Latha et al. 2019; Tang et al. 2024; Thapa et al. 2024). In China, 25 new species of Laccaria have been described since the year 2000 (Wang et al. 2004; Wilson et al. 2013; Popa et al. 2014; Luo et al. 2016; Vincenot et al. 2017; Li 2020; Cui et al. 2021; Wang et al. 2022; Zhang et al. 2023; Li et al. 2024). They were found in Southern China, a region whose biodiversity is reflected in its diverse forest ecosystems. Furthermore, most of them were discovered from Yunnan Province. However, studies on the diversity of Laccaria taxa in other provinces of Southern China remain limited. In this study, (i) two new species from Hunan Province and one new species from Yunnan Province are proposed based on both molecular and morphological evidence; (ii) Chinese specimens of L. japonica Popa & K. Nara and L. versiforma H.J. Cho & Y.W. Lim, collected from Guizhou, Hubei and Hunan Provinces, are reported for the first time. Materials and methods Specimen collection A total of 28 specimens of Laccaria were involved in this study. These specimens were collected from multiple locations in Southern China, including Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Hunan Provinces, between 2016 and 2024. After dehydration using heat or silica gel, they were deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of Hunan Normal University (MHHNU, Changsha, China). Information regarding the specimens, including species name, GenBank accession number, voucher and location, is provided in Table 1. Morphological study Macroscopic characters of species were described based on field notes and digital images. The size of basidiomata, as determined by pileus width, was described as tiny (<1.5 cm), small (1.5–3 cm), medium-sized (3–5 cm) or large (>5 cm). The color codes mentioned in descriptions are from Kornerup and Wanscher (1978). For microscopic studies, hand-made sections of dried basidiomata were prepared under a stereomicroscope to ensure precise dissection of specific tissues. Microscopic examinations were then conducted using a light microscope. The dried specimens mounted in either a 5% KOH solution or distilled water, with Congo red staining when necessary. Melzer’s reagent was used to test the amyloidity of basidiospores. With preheating, Cotton blue reagent was to test the cyanophily of basidiospores. Basidiospores, basidia, pileipellis, stipitipellis and cystidia were illustrated by hand drawing. 149 MycoKeys 123: 147–170 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.156526 You-Di Xu et al.: Three new species and two new records of Laccaria from subtropical China Table 1. Sequences used for four-locus phylogenetic analysis and their corresponding. GenBank accession numbers. Species and accession numbers in bold indicate a newly generated sequence in this study. Species voucher locality ITS 28S tef1 Rpb2 References Laccariaacanthospora (T) AWW485 Tibet, China JX504102 JX504186 KU686073 KU685916 Wilson et al. (2013) L. acanthospora MHHNU 12061 Yunnan, China PV300418 PV300502 PV339949 PV467460 This study L. acanthospora HKAS45998 Tibet, China KU685719 KU685870 KU686069 Wilson et al. (2013) L. alba AWW438 Yunnan, China JX504094 JX504178 KU686072 KU685912 Wilson et al. (2013) L. alba F1121461 China JX504129 JX504209 Wilson et al. (2013) L. alba TPML20120807-69 Korea MG519542 MG519583 MG551649 MG551616 Cho et al. (2018) L. alba MHHNU 32470 Hunan, China PV300419 PV467461 This study L. alba MHHNU 20007 Guizhou, China PV300420 PV300503 PV467462 This study L. ambigua (T) PDD89696* New Zealand KU685725 KU685876 KU686132 KU686018 Wilson et al. (2016) L. amethysteo-occidentalis AWW556 USA JX504107 JX504191 KU685919 Wilson et al. (2013) L. amethysteo-occidentalis AWW590 USA JX504112 JX504195 KU685923 Wilson et al. (2013) L. amethystina GMM7633 France JX504154 AF440665 Wilson et al. (2013) L. amethystina GMM7041 Russia KU685654 KU685797 KU685940 Wilson et al. (2016) L. amethystina KHLA06002 USA KU685759 KU685910 KU686162 KU686059 Wilson et al. (2016) L. amethystina GMM7621 France JX504150 JX504224 KU686152 KU686046 Popa et al. (2014) L. angustilamella HKAS58714 Yunnan, China JX504168 JX504244 Wilson et al. (2013) L. araneosa KNU20120912-25 Korea MG519550 MG519590 MG551656 MG551623 Cho et al. (2018) L. araneosa MHHNU 34707 Hunan, China PV300421 PV300504 PV339950 PV467463 This study L. araneosa MHHNU 34708 Hunan, China PV300422 PV300505 PV339951 PV467464 This study L. araneosa (T) KNU20120912-40 Korea MG519548 MG519588 MG551654 MG551621 Cho et al. (2018) L. aurantia MB-FB-001109 Yunnan, China JQ681209 Popa et al. (2014) L. aurantia GMM6172 Yunnan, China KU685645 KU685789 KU685931 Wilson et al. (2016) L. aurantia MHHNU 34709 Hubei, China PV300423 PV300506 PV339952 PV467465 This study L. aurantia MHHNU 11885 Guizhou, China PV300424 This study L. aurantia (T) KUN-F 78557 Yunnan, China JQ670895 Popa et al. (2014) L. aurantiaca KUN-HKAS123246 Yunnan, China PQ651573 PQ720998 PQ753350 PQ753336 Tang et al. (2025) L. aurantiaca(T) KUN-HKAS123244 Yunnan, China PQ651572 PQ720997 PQ753349 PQ753335 Tang et al. (2025) L. bicolor KA130253 Korea MG519524 MG519570 MG551636 MG551599 Cho et al. (2018) L. bicolor AWW537 USA JX504105 JX504189 Wilson et al. (2013) L. bicolor GMM7620 France JX504149 JX504223 Wilson et al. (2013) L. bicolor HKAS44062 Yunnan, China JX504159 JX504235 Wilson et al. (2013) L. bicolor F1121424 China JX504127 JX504207 KU686064 Wilson et al. (2013) L. bicolor GMM6131 China JX504131 JX504210 KU686079 KU685930 Wilson et al. (2013) L. bicolor AWW596 USA JX504116 JX504199 Wilson et al. (2013) L. bicolor GMM6094 China KM067831 KU685788 KU686067 Wilson et al. (2016) L. bicolor GMM2692 Chile KU685630 KU685774 Wilson et al. (2016) L. bicolor A0103 Japan JN942778 JN939731 Direct Submission L. bicolor MHHNU 11595 Jiangxi, China PV300425 PV300507 PV339953 PV467466 This study L. aff. bicolor AWW539 USA KM067817 KU685763 Wilson et al. (2016) L. brunnea KUN-HKAS 123243 Yunnan, China PQ651575 PQ721004 PQ753352 PQ753338 Tang et al. (2025) L. brunnea MHHNU 9692 Guizhou, China PV300439 PV300520 PV339963 PV467477 This study L. brunnea (T) KUN-HKAS 123286 Yunnan, China PQ651574 PQ721003 PQ753351 PQ753337 Tang et al. (2025) L. bullipellis (T) AWW465 Tibet, China JX504100 JX504184 KU685914 Wilson et al. (2013) L. canaliculata GMM7209 Australia JX504136 JX504212 KU685944 Wilson et al. (2013) L. canaliculata GMM7227 Australia KU685666 KU685809 KU686089 KU685952 Wilson et al. (2016) L. carminostipes MHHNU 31552 Hunan, China PV300440 PV300521 This study L. carminostipes MHHNU 34706 Hunan, China PV300442 PV339965 PV467479 This study L. carminostipes MHHNU 11944 Yunnan, China PV300443 PV300522 PV339966 PV467480 This study L. carminostipes (T) MHHNU 31553 Hunan, China PV300441 PV339964 PV467478 This study L. cflaccata A3394 Japan JN942788 JN939770 JN993522 Direct Submission L. cflaccata A2987 Japan JN942786 JN939739 JN993521 Direct Submission L. cflaccata AWW555 USA KU685764 KU686074 KU685918 Wilson et al. (2016) L. cinnabarina KUN-HKAS83381 Yunnan, China OR722588 OR722601 PP171545 PP171558 Li et al. (2024) L. cinnabarina (T) KUN-HKAS80885 Yunnan, China OR722587 OR722595 Li et al. (2024) 150 MycoKeys 123: 147–170 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.156526 You-Di Xu et al.: Three new species and two new records of Laccaria from subtropical China Species voucher locality ITS 28S tef1 Rpb2 References L. darjeelingensis(T) CUHAM788 INDIA OQ607624 Thapa et al. (2024) L. fagacicola KUN-HKAS107731 Yunnan, China MW540807 OR722594 PP171550 PP171554 Cui et al. (2021) L. fagacicola MHHNU 11978 Yunnan, China PV300426 PV300508 PV339954 PV467467 This study L. fagacicola (T) KUN-HKAS90435 Yunnan, China MW540806 OR122593 PP171549 Cui et al. (2021) L. fengkaiensis KUN-HKAS106741 Guangdong, China MN585658 Li (2020) L. fengkaiensis(T) KUN-HKAS106739 Guangdong, China MN585657 MN621238 Li (2020) L. fibrillosa GMM7508 New Zealand KU685706 KU685847 KU685989 Wilson et al. (2016) L. fulvogrisea (T) KUN-F78556 Yunnan, China JQ670896 Popa et al. (2014) L. galerinoides F1081213 Chile KU685634 KU685778 KU686078 KU685929 Wilson et al. (2016) L. galerinoides F1080983 Argentina KU685632 KU685776 KU686077 KU685927 Wilson et al. (2016) L. glabripes GMM7521 New Zealand KU685708 KU685849 KU686117 KU685991 Wilson et al. (2016) L. glabripes GMM7534 New Zealand KU685711 KU685852 Wilson et al. (2016) L. gomezii F1104722 Costa Rica KU685639 KU685782 Wilson et al. (2016) L. guizhouensis HMAS352266 Guizhou, China OP244891 Zhang et al. (2024) L. guizhouensis (T) HMAS352265 Guizhou, China OP244890 Zhang et al. (2024) L. himalayensis AWW463 Tibet, China JX504098 JX504182 KU685913 Wilson et al. (2013) L. himalayensis (T) AWW484 Tibet, China JX504101 JX504185 KU685915 Wilson et al. (2013) L. infundibuliformis (T) CUHAM786 INDIA OQ607560 Thapa et al. (2024) L. japonica SFC20110921-34 Korea MG519519 MG519568 MG551596 Cho et al. (2018) L. japonica HMHHNU 9589 Guizhou, China PV300427 PV300509 This study L. japonica MHHNU 34710 Hubei, China PV300428 PV300510 This study L. japonica MHHNU 34711 Hunan, China PV300429 PV300511 This study L. japonica (T) TNS-F64167 Japan KU962988 Vincenot et al. (2017) L. laccata GMM7615 France JX504148 JX504222 Wilson et al. (2013) L. laccata SB2067 Portugal JX504171 JX504248 KU686026 Wilson et al. (2013) L. laccata SB2133 Portugal KM067887 KU685884 KU686139 KU686027 Wilson et al. (2016) L. laccata SB2210 Portugal KM067890 KU685885 Wilson et al. (2016) L. laccata GMM7586 Russia KM067835 KU685859 KU686000 Wilson et al. (2016) L. laccata var. pallidifolia Cripps1603 USA DQ149851 Osmundson et al. (2005) L. laccata var. pallidifolia GMM7605 France KM067844 KU685901 KU686154 KU686048 Wilson et al. (2016) L. lateritia GMM7220 Australia KU685662 KU685805 KU685948 Wilson et al. (2016) L. lilacina GMM7531 New Zealand KU685709 KU685850 KU686118 KU685992 Wilson et al. (2016) L. longipes F1092175 USA KU685637 KU685780 Wilson et al. (2016) L. longistriata KUN-HKAS123799 Yunnan, China OQ396727 OR345239 OR347684 OR347686 Li et al. (2024) L. longistriata (T) KUN-HKAS123801 Yunnan, China OQ396730 OR347685 Li et al. (2024) L. macrocystidia GMM7612 France KM067847 KU685861 KU686122 KU686002 Wilson et al. (2016) L. macrocystidia GMM7626 France KM067856 KU685865 KU686125 KU686006 Wilson et al. (2016) L. major GMM6019 Costa Rica KU685757 KU685908 KU686160 KU686056 Wilson et al. (2016) L. mangshanensis MHHNU 8856 Hunan, China PV300438 PV300519 PV339962 PV467476 This study L. mangshanensis(T) MHHNU 8850 Hunan, China PV300437 PV300518 PV339961 PV467475 This study L. masoniae GMM7473 New Zealand KU685703 KU685845 KU686116 KU685987 Wilson et al. (2016) L. miniata (T) GDGM76043 China OR689440 OR785476 Zhang et al. (2023) L. montana TWO591(MONT) - DQ149865 Osmundson et al. (2005) L. montana TWO319(MONT) North America DQ149862 Osmundson et al. (2005) L. aff. montana AWW446 Tibet, China JX504097 JX504181 KU686157 KU686054 Wilson et al. (2013) L. aff. montana GMM7630tibet Tibet, China JX504151 JX504225 KU686128 KU686009 Wilson et al. (2013) L. moshuijun MHHNU 32931 Yunnan, China PV300430 PV300512 PV339955 PV467468 This study L. moshuijun (T) KUN-HKAS93732 Yunnan, China KU962989 Vincenot et al. (2017) L. murina MHHNU 10903 Hunan, China PV300431 PV300513 PV467469 This study L. murina ASIS2021 Korea MG519554 Cho et al. (2018) L. murina ASIS24249 Korea MG519552 MG519592 MG551658 MG551625 Cho et al. (2018) L. nanlingensis GDGM84949 China OR689441 OR785477 OR826274 OR835198 Zhang et al. (2023) L. nanlingensis (T) GDGM84954 China OR689442 OR785478 OR826273 OR835199 Zhang et al. (2023) L. negrimarginata GMM7631tibet Tibet, China JX504153 JX504227 KU686130 KU686011 Wilson et al. (2013) L. negrimarginata (T) BAP360 Tibet, China JX504120 Wilson et al. (2013) 151 MycoKeys 123: 147–170 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.156526 You-Di Xu et al.: Three new species and two new records of Laccaria from subtropical China Species voucher locality ITS 28S tef1 Rpb2 References L. neovinaceoavellanea GDGM53063 Jiangxi, China OR689448 OR785480 Zhang et al. (2023) L. neovinaceoavellanea (T) GDGM52852 Jiangxi, China OR689447 OR785479 Zhang et al. (2023) L. nobilis F1120629 China JX504124 JX504204 Wilson et al. (2013) L. nobilis AWW584 USA JX504110 JX504193 KU685922 Wilson et al. (2013) L. oblongospora ObiFr France GQ406466 Vincenot et al. (2017) L. ochropurpurea PRL3777 USA JX504169 JX504246 KU686024 Wilson et al. (2013) L. ochropurpurea PRL4777 USA KU685733 KU685883 KU686025 Wilson et al. (2016) L. ochropurpurea AFTOL447 - AY700200 DQ472731 Wilson et al. (2016) L. ohiensis AWW545 USA JX504106 JX504190 KU685917 Wilson et al. (2016) L. ohiensis GMM7539 New Zealand KU685712 KU685853 KU686119 KU685994 Wilson et al. (2016) L. ohiensis KH_07192006_1 USA KU685720 KU685871 KU686014 Wilson et al. (2016) L. pallidorosea HKAS53170 Yunnan, China MW540809 OR722602 PP171548 PP171555 Cui et al. (2021) L. pallidorosea (T) HKAS107730 Yunnan, China MW540808 Cui et al. (2021) L. pallidus (T) CUHAM787 INDIA OQ607623 Thapa et al. (2024) L. parva (T) SFC20120919-40 Korea MG519525 Cho et al. (2018) L. prava KUN-HKAS106745 Guangdong, China MN585661 Li (2020) L. prava (T) KUN-HKAS106742 Guangdong, China MN585660 Li (2020) L. “proxima” GMM7628 France KM067857 KU685867 KU686127 KU686008 Wilson et al. (2013) L. proxima GMM7584 Russia KU685717 KU685858 KU686120 KU685999 Wilson et al. (2016) L. proxima F1133825 USA KU685642 KU685786 KU686065 Wilson et al. (2016) L. proximella F1081079 Argentina KU685633 KU685777 KU685928 Wilson et al. (2016) L. pseudoalba HKAS-110664 Thailand ON557376 ON556491 ON598894 ON598887 Thapa et al. (2024) L. pseudoalba (T) MFLU-22-0106 Thailand ON557377 ON556492 ON598886 Thapa et al. (2024) L. pseudomontana (T) pse1625 USA DQ149871 Osmundson et al. (2005) L. pumila GMM7637 France JX504156 JX504229 KU686158 Wilson et al. (2013) L. pumila pum1252 North America DQ149864 Osmundson et al. (2005) L. roseoalbescens (T) LM5099 Mexico KJ874328 KJ874331 Montoya et al. (2015) L. ruber KUN-HKAS123292 Yunnan, China PQ651571 PQ776318 PQ753348 PQ753334 Tang et al. (2025) L. ruber (T) KUN-HKAS123291 Yunnan, China PQ651570 PQ776317 PQ753347 PQ753333 Tang et al. (2025) L. rubroalba HKAS90758 Yunnan, China KX449357 Luo et al. (2016) L. rubroalba MHHNU 11941 Yunnan, China PV300432 PV300514 PV339956 PV467470 This study L. rubroalba (T) HKAS90753 Yunnan, China KX449358 Luo et al. (2016) L. rufobrunnea GDGM89627 Yunnan, China OR689444 OR785483 Zhang et al. (2023) L. rufobrunnea (T) GDGM82878 Yunnan, China OR689443 OR785482 OR826272 OR835197 Zhang et al. (2023) L. salmonicolor GMM7602tibet Tibet, China JX504145 JX504220 Wilson et al. (2013) L. salmonicolor(T) GMM7596tibet Tibet, China JX504143 JX504218 KU686151 KU686045 Wilson et al. (2013) L. sinolateritia MHHNU 11958 Yunnan, China PV300445 PV300524 PV339968 PV467482 This study L. sinolateritia (T) MHHNU 11956 Yunnan, China PV300444 PV300523 PV339967 PV467481 This study L. sp 1. AWW591 USA KU685769 KU685924 Wilson et al. (2016) L. sp 2. GMM6012 Costa Rica KU685758 KU685909 KU686057 Wilson et al. (2016) L. sp 3. GMM6800 Guatemala KU685756 KU685907 KU686159 KU686055 Wilson et al. (2016) L. sp 4. ALB183 China: Tibet JX504092 JX504176 KU686161 KU686058 Wilson et al. (2013) L. sp 5. F1123822 USA KU685760 KU685911 KU686071 Wilson et al. (2016) L. sp 6. AWW569 USA JX504108 KU685766 KU685920 Wilson et al. (2013) L. sp 7. GMM7627 France KU685866 KU686126 KU686007 Wilson et al. (2016) L. sp 8. GMM7020 Russia KU685652 KU685795 KU685938 Wilson et al. (2016) L. sp 9. GMM6585 Costa Rica KU685647 KU685791 Wilson et al. (2016) L. sp 10. T173 China MT500512 MT500551 Direct Submission L. sp 11. H160 China MT500501 MT500542 Direct Submission L. sp 12. A1800 Taiwan, China KU685622 Wilson et al. (2016) L. sp 13. T44 China MT500502 Direct Submission L. sp 14. T110 China MT500508 MT500547 Direct Submission L. sp 15. GMM6679 Yunnan, China KU685649 KU685792 KU686081 KU685935 Wilson et al. (2016) L. sp 16. TWO1166 Thailand KU685744 KU685895 KU686041 Wilson et al. (2016) L. sp 17. DED7426 Thailand KU685628 KU685771 KU686076 KU685926 Wilson et al. (2016) L. sp 18. TWO1168 Thailand KU685745 KU685896 KU686146 KU686042 Wilson et al. (2016) 152 MycoKeys 123: 147–170 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.156526 You-Di Xu et al.: Three new species and two new records of Laccaria from subtropical China Species voucher locality ITS 28S tef1 Rpb2 References L. sp 19. TWO1150 Thailand KU685743 KU685894 KU686040 Wilson et al. (2016) L. sp 20. TWO1178 Thailand KU685746 KU685897 KU686147 KU686043 Wilson et al. (2016) L. sp 21. ZT9196 Indonesia KU685750 KU685900 KU686070 Wilson et al. (2016) L. sp 22. GMM6776 Yunnan, China KU685651 KU685794 Wilson et al. (2016) L. sp 23. HKAS-83382 China PP191171 PP191170 Direct Submission L. sp 24. T107 China MT500506 MT500545 Direct Submission L. sp 25. T168 China MT500511 MT500550 Direct Submission L. sp 26. TWO1184 Thailand KU685747 KU685898 KU686148 Wilson et al. (2016) L. sp 27. TWO1194 Thailand KU685748 KU685899 KU686149 Wilson et al. (2016) L. sp 28. GMM6583 China KU685646 KU685790 KU686080 KU685932 Wilson et al. (2016) L. spinulosa KUN-HKAS122272 Yunnan, China OR722592 OR722596 PP171552 Li et al. (2024) L. spinulosa (T) KUN-HKAS129615 Yunnan, China OR722591 OR722598 PP171551 Li et al. (2024) L. squarrosa DM93 Mexico MF669959 MF669966 Ramos et al. (2017) L. squarrosa (T) DM63 Mexico MF669958 MF669965 Ramos et al. (2017) L. stellata MB-002397 Panama KP877339 Popa et al. (2016) L. stellata (T) MB-002396 Panama KP877340 Popa et al. (2016) L. stipalba MHHNU 11315 Yunnan, China PV300434 PV300515 PV339958 PV467472 This study L. stipalba MHHNU 11324 Yunnan, China PV300435 PV300516 PV339959 PV467473 This study L. stipalba MHHNU 12057 Yunnan, China PV300436 PV300517 PV339960 PV467474 This study L. stipalba KUN-HKAS123285 Yunnan, China PQ651566 PQ753314 PQ753343 PQ753329 Tang et al. (2025) L. stipalba (T) KUN-HKAS123300 Yunnan, China PQ651565 PQ753313 PQ753342 PQ753328 Tang et al. (2025) L. subroseoalbescens MFLU23-0340 Thailand PP785398 PP789599 Tang et al. (2024) L. subroseoalbescens(T) MFLU23-0339 Thailand PP785397 PP789598 Tang et al. (2024) L. tetraspora F1080957 Germany KU685631 KU685775 Wilson et al. (2016) L. torosa (T) SFC2015090217 Korea MG519561 MG519598 MG551664 MG551631 Cho et al. (2018) L. tortilis GMM7635 France KM067859 KU685906 KU686156 KU686053 Wilson et al. (2016) L. tortilis F1116205 USA KU685641 KU685785 Wilson et al. (2016) L. tortilis (T) ASIS22273 Korea MG519533 MG519576 MG551644 MG551608 Cho et al. (2018) L. trichodermophora GMM7733 USA JX504157 JX504230 KU686013 Wilson et al. (2013) L. trichodermophora F1111951 Costa Rica KU685640 KU685784 KU686063 Wilson et al. (2016) L. trichodermophora (T) TENN42523 USA DQ149868 Osmundson et al. (2005) L. trullisata PRL7587 China JX504170 JX504247 KU686153 KU686047 Wilson et al. (2013) L. trullisata WCG2072 - KU685749 KU686150 KU686044 Wilson et al. (2016) L. umbilicate GDGM82883 China OR689445 OR785485 OR826270 OR835194 Zhang et al. (2023) L. umbilicate (T) GDGM82911 China OR689446 OR785486 OR826268 OR835192 Zhang et al. (2023) L. versiforma SFC20121010-51 Korea MG519555 MG519593 Cho et al. (2018) L. versiforma TPML20121008-03 Korea MG519560 MG519597 MG551663 MG551630 Cho et al. (2018) L. versiforma ASIA20939 Korea MG519557 MG519595 MG551661 MG551628 Cho et al. (2018) L. versiforma MHHNU 10896 Hunan, China PV300433 PV339957 PV467471 This study L. versiforma(T) SFC20120926-01 Korea MG519556 MG519594 MG551660 MG551627 Cho et al. (2018) L. vinaceoavellanea A0559 Japan JN942803 JN939756 JN993512 Direct Submission L. vinaceoavellanea SFC20150810-10 Korea MG519539 MG519580 MG551614 MG551646 Cho et al. (2018) L. vinaceobrunea KH_LA06_018 USA KU685873 KU686015 Wilson et al. (2016) L. violaceonigra GMM7580 New Zealand KU685716 KU685857 KU685998 Wilson et al. (2016) L. violaceonigra GMM7520 New Zealand KU685707 KU685848 KU685990 Wilson et al. (2016) L. violaceotincta (T) CAL1389 India MK141034 Deepna et al. (2019) L. yunnanensis HKAS-110636 Thailand ON557373 ON556487 ON598891 ON598889 Popa et al. (2014) L. yunnanensis (T) KUN-F78558 Yunnan, China JQ670897 Popa et al. (2014) Mythicomycescorneipes AFTOL972 Germany DQ404393 AY745707 DQ029197 DQ408110 DirectSubmission Mythicomycescorneipes ES11.10.2. A Germany KC964108 DirectSubmission “T” represents the type specimen of the species. In the description of basidiospores, the abbreviation [n/m/p] represents ‘n’ basidiospores measured from ‘m’ basidiomata of ‘p’ collections. Dimensions for basidiospores are given using notation of the form (a) b–c (d), while ‘a’ and ‘d’ 153 MycoKeys 123: 147–170 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.156526 You-Di Xu et al.: Three new species and two new records of Laccaria from subtropical China mean the minimum and maximum, respectively, and ‘b–c’ contains a minimum of 90% of the measured values. The Q value represents the length/width ratio of a basidiospore inside view, and Qm value indicates average Q ± standard deviation. The terminology for denoting the shape of basidiospores followed Bas (1969). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also applied to observe the basidiospores ornamentation. Fragment of dry lamellae tissue samples were securely fastened to aluminum stubs and coated gold palladium before observed under a TESCAN CLARA Xplore 30 (Brno, Czech Republic) SEM. DNA extraction, PCR amplification and sequencing Total genomic DNA was extracted using the Fungal DNA Mini Kit (Omega BioTek, Norcross, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions. For the PCR amplifications, the following primers were employed: (1) ITS5 and ITS4 (White et al. 1990) were used for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS); (2) LR0R and LR5 (Vilgalys and Hester 1990) for the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU); (3) EF1-983F, EF1-1953R and EF1-1567R (Matheny et al. 2007), or the newly designed primers EF1-Laccaria-F1 (5’-ATGGACACCACCAAGGTAAGA-3’) and EF1-Laccaria-R1 (5’-ACGTTGCCACG. ACGAATAT-3’), EF1-Laccaria-F2 (5’-TGCCTTTGTCCCTATTTCCG-3’) and EF1-Laccaria-R2 (5’-GGGTGGTTGAGGACGATGAC-3’) for the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1); (4) bRPB2-6F and bRPB2-7.1R (Matheny 2005), or the newly designed primers RPB2-Laccaria-F1 (5’-ACCATCACAAACGGTCTCA-3’) and RPB2-Laccaria-R1 (5’-CACCCTTTACCAGATGTTCC-3’), RPB2-Laccaria-F (5’-CTGAAGGTCAAGCCTGTGG-3’) and RPB2-Laccaria-R (5’-ACTTTGCTGTAGGC. GAGAAT-3’) for polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2). The new primers were designed using Primer 5.0. The PCR mixtures were composed of 1 × PCR buffer, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 0.2 mM dNTPs, 0.4 μm forward primer, 0.4 μm reverse primer, 1.25U of Taq polymerase (CWBIO, Jiangsu, China), and 1 μL of DNA template in a total volume of 25 μL. Amplification reactions were performed with the following program: initial denaturation at 94 °C for 5 min, 35 cycles at 94 °C for 30 s, 52 °C (LSU and TEF1) or 54 °C (ITS and RPB2) for 30 s, and 72 °C for 30 s (ITS and LSU) or 45 s (RPB2 and TEF1), and a final extension at 72 °C for 8 min (He et al. 2023). The products were subjected to electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel, and the positively identified ones were sent to the Changsha branch of Youkang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Zhejiang, China) for sequencing. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis The sequences (Table 1) were aligned with the strategy FFT-NNS-I in the software MAFFT v7.511 (Katoh and Standley 2016). As shown in Table 1, a total of 94 sequences (28 ITS, 23 LSU, 19TEF1 and 24RPB2) were newly generated in the present study. The intronic regions of TEF1 and RPB2 were manually excised. The ambiguously aligned regions of ITS and LSU were removed in Gblocks v0.91b (Castresana 2000). A four-locus matrix for Laccaria (Suppl. material 1) was generated by SEQUENCEMATRIX 1.7.8 (Vaidya et al. 2011). The alignment contains 3423 positions from 215 samples, partitioned as follows: 1–631 (ITS), 632–1,510 (LSU), 1,511–2,402 154 MycoKeys 123: 147–170 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.156526 You-Di Xu et al.: Three new species and two new records of Laccaria from subtropical China (TEF1), and 2,403–3,423 (RPB2). The alignment has been deposited in TreeBASE (http://www.treebase.org/treebase/) under submission ID 32143. According to the AIC criterion in MRMODELTEST v2.4 (Nylander 2004), GTR+I+G was selected as the best-fit model for the four loci. Bayesian inference (BI) analysis was performed in MRBAYES v3.2.7 (Ronquist and Huelsenbeck 2003), with the GTR+I+G model for each partition, two simultaneous runs, four Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) chains, and sampling every 100 generations. After 20 million generations, the standard deviation of split frequencies was below 0.01. The first 25% generations were discarded as burn-in and the convergence was visually assessed by TRACER v1.7.2 (Rambaut et al. 2018). ML analysis with 1000 bootstrap replicates was computed in RAXML v8.0.20 (Stamatakis 2014), using the GTR+I+G model for each partition. Separate phylogenetic analyses based on the four loci were also conducted to assess potential conflicts, with the procedure described above. Results Phylogenetic analysis The phylogenetic trees of the genus Laccaria were constructed based on a four-locus matrix (ITS-LSU-TEF1-RPB2). As the topologies resulting from ML and BI analyses are consistent, only the ML tree is displayed (Fig. 1). Phylogenetic trees based on ITS, LSU, TEF1 and RPB2, respectively, are provided in Suppl. material 2: figs S2–S5, which show no conflicts with the four-locus tree. According to the phylogenetic tree, 87 species were recognized. The samples of the three newly discovered species described below, namely L. carminostipes (Species 38, 99% BP, 1.00 PP), L. mangshanensis (Species 41, 94% BP, 0.94 PP), and L. sinolateritia (Species 67, 98% BP, 1.00 PP) formed three independent clades. Laccaria carminostipes (MHHNU 11944,31552, 31553 and 34706) was recovered as sister (60% BP, 0.93 PP) to the clade (60% BP, 0.91 PP) containing L. darjeelingensis A. Thapa & K. Acharya, L. fagacicola Y.Y. Cui et al., and L. aurantiaca S.M. Tang et al. These species further formed a clade (60% BP, 0.93 PP), as sister (86% BP, 1.00 PP) to the clade (59% BP, 0.94PP) containing L. aurantia and L. rubroalba X. Luo et al. Laccaria mangshanensis (MHHNU 8850 and 8856) and the Chinese sample A1800 formed a clade with strong support (96% BP, 1.00 PP). Laccaria sinolateritia (MHHNU 11956 and MHHNU 11958) clustered together with L. subroseoalbescens S.M. Tang & S.H. Li with very low support (40% BP, 0.99 PP). Our Chinese samples MHHNU 9589, 34710, and 34711 formed a strongly supported clade with the holotype of L. japonica with minimal genetic distance (Species 19, 90% BP, 1.00 PP), which indicated that they should belong to the same species. Similarly, the Chinese sample MHHNU 10896 clustered with four Korean samples of L. versiforma (Species 46, 99% BP, 1.00 PP), which indicated that they could be conspecific. The other samples analyzed in this work matched seven known species: L. alba (Species 1, 100% BP, 1.00 PP), L. bicolor (Maire) P.D. Orton (Species 15, 93% BP, 1.00 PP), L. araneosa H.J. Cho & Y.W. Lim (Species 17, 93% BP, 1.00 PP), L. moshuijun F. Popa & Zhu L. Yang (Species 20, 96% BP, 1.00 PP), L. murina S. Imai (Species 33, 99% BP, 1.00 PP), L. fagacicola (Species 37, 88% BP, 1.00 PP), L. aurantia (Species 39, 84% BP, 1.00 PP), L. rubroalba (Species 40, 99% BP, 1.00 PP), L. stipalba S.M. Tang et al. (Species 48, 100% BP, 1.00 PP), and L. brunnea S.M. Tang et al. (Species 54, 100% BP, 1.00 PP). 155 MycoKeys 123: 147–170 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.156526 You-Di Xu et al.: Three new species and two new records of Laccaria from subtropical China Figure 1. ML analysis of Laccaria based on ITS-LSU-TEF1-RPB1 sequence data. Bootstrap values (BP) ≥ 50% from ML analysis and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) ≥ 0.90 from BI analysis are shown at nodes. Newly generated sequences are highlighted in bold. GenBank accession numbers of sequences and their geographic origins are shown. Taxa marked with (T) represent type specimens. 162 MycoKeys 123: 147–170 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.156526 You-Di Xu et al.: Three new species and two new records of Laccaria from subtropical China Figure 5. Microscopic features of Laccaria sinolateritia (MHHNU 11956, holotype). a. Basidia; b. Basidiospores; c. Pileipellis; d. Stipitipellis. Scale bars: 10 μm. 163 MycoKeys 123: 147–170 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.156526 You-Di Xu et al.: Three new species and two new records of Laccaria from subtropical China pileus and similar-sized basidiospores (7.5–10.5 × 7.5–10.5 µm in L.lateritia vs. 7.5–10 × 7.5–10 µm in L. sinolateritia). However, L. lateritia can be distinguished by the production of 2-spored basidia, shorter spines (±1 μm high vs. 2–2.5 μm high in L. sinolateritia) and the presence of cheilocystidia (Cooper 2015). Additionally, L. darjeelingensis resembles L. sinolateritia in its red basidiomata, but differs in having smaller basidiospores (5.9–7.6 × 5.9–7.6 µm vs. Figure 6. Basidiospores of described species under SEM. a, b. Laccaria carminostipes (MHHNU 31553, holotype); c, d. L. mangshanensis (MHHNU 8850, holotype); e, f. L. sinolateritia (MHHNU 11956, holotype). Scale bars: 2 μm. 164 MycoKeys 123: 147–170 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.156526 You-Di Xu et al.: Three new species and two new records of Laccaria from subtropical China 7.5–10 × 7.5–10 µm in L. sinolateritia) and abundant flexuous pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia (Thapa et al. 2024). According to the phylogenetical analysis (Fig. 1), L. subroseoalbescens (species 68) and L. infundibuliformis (species 69) are related to L. sinolateritia (species 67), and form a clade with low support (54%BP, 0.91PP). Laccaria subroseoalbescensis characterized by a yellow pileus, the presence of cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia, and the absence of pileocystidia (Tang et al. 2024). Laccaria infundibuliformis differs in its smaller pileus (8–27 mm in diam vs. 10–40 mm in diam in L. sinolateritia), smaller basidia (29–50 × 6–9 µm vs. 40–58 × 12–14 μm in L. sinolateritia), and the absence of pileocystidia (Thapa et al. 2024).The four-locus phylogenetical analysis also supports the identification of the four Chinese samplesKUN-HKAS83382, GMM6776, T168, and T107 as L. sinolateritia (pairwise identity values of ITS = 99.39%–100%). Discussion Our study presents three new species of Laccaria, viz. L. carminostipes, L. mangshanensis and L. sinolateritia based on a comprehensive analysis of morphological and molecular phylogenetic data (Aime et al. 2021). The four-locus phylogenetic tree strongly supports that they are monophyletic clades separated from other Laccaria species (Fig. 1). In addition, L. japonica and L. versiforma is formally reported here for the first time in China. Laccaria carminostipes, L. mangshanensis, and L. sinolateritia were collected from Yunnan and Hunan Provinces, regions known for their rich ecological resources and high fungal diversity. Laccaria carminostipesis can be distinguished from other Laccaria species by its distinctive carmine-colored stipe. L. mangshanensis is characterized by a rosy pileus and the presence of abundant cheilocystidia. And L. sinolateritia is characterized by its brownish-red basidiomata and the presence of abundant pileocystidia and caulocystidia. Regarding L. japonica (Vincenot et al. 2017), the Chinese specimens, MHHNU 9589, 34710 and 34711 (Fig. 2j, k), resemble to this species, exhibiting small to medium-sized, bright purple basidiomata, adnate lamellae, and similar basidiospores size (8–10 × 8–10 µm in our specimens, 9–10 × 7–9 µm in L. japonica). Our phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 1) further indicates that these samples form a well-supported clade together with the holotype of L. japonica (90% BP, 1.00 PP, pairwise identity values of ITS = 99.68%–99.83%). Similarly, the Chinese specimen MHHNU 10896 (Fig. 2l) has small to medium-sized basidiomata, featuring pale brown to pinkish brown pileus, brown stipes, pinkish lamellae, and echinulate basidiospores measuring 7–10 × 7–9.5 µm. These features are entirely consistent with the description of L. versiforma provided by Cho et al. (2018). Furthermore, in the four-locus phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1), the specimen MHHNU 10896 clusters together with four Korean specimens of L. versiforma with strong support (99% BP, 1.00 PP). The ITS sequence of MHHNU 10896 exhibits a similarity of 98.12%–99.64%. Both L. japonica and L. versiforma occur in temperate or subtropical forest. Laccaria japonicawas previously documented in temperate forests of Salix reinii Franch. & Sav. in Japan (Vincenot et al. 2017), while our Chinese collections of L. japonica were found in subtropical forests of Fagaceae. In Korea, L. versiforma was found in temperate forests of Quercus and Pinusdensiflora Siebold &Zucc. (Cho et al. 2018), while our specimen of L. versiforma was found in subtropical forests of Quercus. 165 MycoKeys 123: 147–170 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.156526 You-Di Xu et al.: Three new species and two new records of Laccaria from subtropical China The phylogram recovers 87 species of Laccaria, yet the infrageneric classifications for some species within this genus remains indeterminate. Our specimen MHHNU 12061 could be L. acanthospora, based on its orange pileus, and basidiospores measuring 8–10 × 7–10 µm (7–10 × 7–10 µm in L. acanthospora, Wilson et al. 2013). However, the sample MHHNU 12061 exhibits a relatively long genetic distance from the holotype of L. acacthospora (AWW485, Fig. 1) and possesses a larger pileus measuring 20–30 mm in width (Suppl. material 2: fig. S1l, 4–15 mm in Wilson et al. 2013). Because we have only one specimen, it remains uncertain whether these morphological differences reflect intraspecific variation or are significant enough to warrant the recognition of a distant species. Laccaria bicolor was originally described from Europe (Maire 1937). According to our phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 1), the sequences named L. bicolor were clustered into four clades (Species 3, 9, 14 and 15). Due to the lack of the sequence of the type specimen for L. bicolor, the exact phylogenetic position of this species remains uncertain. Our Chinese specimen MHHNU 11595 (Suppl. material 2: fig. S1e) clusters together with a French specimen of L. bicolor with full support in our phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 1). Since their ITS pairwise identity value is 97.91%, the Chinese specimen could be a cryptic species. Laccaria guizhouensis (Zhang et al. 2024) and L. neovinaceoavellanea (Zhang et al. 2023) are likely conspecific, as their holotypes (HMAS 352265 and GDGM52852) form a highly supported clade (98% BP, 1.00 PP) with an ITS pairwise identity value of 99.44%. Similarly, L. himalayensis and L. bullipellis may also be conspecific, given their high ITS pairwise identity values of 99.17% and stable clustering with a full support. Based on the four-locus phylogenetic and morphological analyses (Fig. 1, Suppl. material 2: fig. S1), we also identified nine other previously described species: L. alba, L. araneosa, L. aurantia, L. brunnea, L. fagacicola, L. moshuijun, L. murina, L. rubroalba, and L. stipalba. Both L. alba and L. aurantina, were first reported in Yunnan Province. In this study, L. alba was also found in Hunan and Guizhou Provinces, and L. aurantina was discovered in Hubei and Guizhou Provinces. Laccaria araneosa, originally described in Korean temperate forests (Cho et al. 2018), and later also reported in Jilin Province, temperate China (Wang et al. 2022). We also found this species in Hunan Province, subtropical China. Laccaria brunnea was first recorded in Yunnan Province, China. This species is characterized by its brownish basidioma with salmon lamellae, and the presence of pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia (Tang et al. 2025). Our specimen MHHNU 9692 (Suppl. material 2: fig. S1d), collected from Guizhou Province, China, also has a gray to brownish pileus, salmon lamellae, and globose to subglobose, echinulate basidiospores, showing morphological resemblance to L. brunnea. In our four-locus phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1), the samples MHHNU 9692, T44, and T110 cluster together with the holotype (KUN-HKAS 123286) of L. brunnea (100% BP, 1.00 PP, pairwise identity values of ITS = 98.37%–98.91%), confirming the identification of sample MHHNU 9692 as L. brunnea. Notably, both pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia were found to be absent in our specimen MHHNU 9692.Laccariastipalbais characterized by its dark orange to grayish pink pileus, distinctive white stipe, and globose echinulate basidiospores, and was originally described in Yunnan Province (Tang et al. 2025). During 2022 to 2024, we also collected three specimens MHHNU 11314, 11324 and 12057 from Yunnan Province, China, which exhibit the same microfeatures (Suppl. 166 MycoKeys 123: 147–170 (2025), DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.123.156526 You-Di Xu et al.: Three new species and two new records of Laccaria from subtropical China material 2: fig. S1j, k and l). In our phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 1), these three samples cluster with the holotype of L. stipalba (KUN-HKAS 123285) with full support (pairwise identity values of ITS = 99.65%–99.83%), confirming that these samples should be identified as L. stipalba. It should be pointed out that the basidiospores size of our specimens is slightly larger (7–10 × 7–10 μm vs. 5.8–8.4 × 5.5–8.1 μm in Tang et al. 2025), and pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia were not found in our examination. Acknowledgements The authors are very grateful to Jing Wen and Peng-Tao Deng (Hunan Normal University) for collecting specimens from Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan Provinces. Additional information Conflict of interest The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Ethical statement No ethical statement was reported. Use of AI No use of AI was reported. Funding This study was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China (Grant No. 2024JJ6308) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32400010). Author contributions Conceptualization: Zheng-Mi He; Formal Analysis: Zheng-Mi He and You-Di Xu; Funding Acquisition: Zheng-Mi He; Investigation: You-Di Xu; Methodology: You-Di Xu and Zheng-Mi He; Project administration: Zheng-Mi He; Resources: Zuo-Hong Chen and Ping Zhang; Supervision: Zheng-Mi He; Validation: You-Di Xu and Zheng-Mi He; Writing – original draft preparation: You-Di Xu; Writing – review and editing: Zheng-Mi He. Author ORCIDs You-Di Xu https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8112-639X Ping Zhang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8751-704X Zuo-Hong Chen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7359-0257 Zheng-Mi He https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8754-3427 Data availability The DNA sequences obtained in this study have been submitted to GenBank. 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New Zealand Journal of Botany 62: 138–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/002882 5X.2024.2304754 Supplementary material 1 Dataset of four-locus Authors: You-Di Xu, Ping Zhang, Zuo-Hong Chen, Zheng-Mi He Data type: fas Copyright notice: This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited. Link: https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.123.156526.suppl1 Supplementary material 2 Supplementary images Authors: You-Di Xu, Ping Zhang, Zuo-Hong Chen, Zheng-Mi He Data type: pdf Copyright notice: This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited. Link: https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.123.156526.suppl2