Three remarkable moss species new to Türkiye and Southwest Asia

2025 ● 46 ● 6 BryologieBryologie Cryptogamie, Bryologie est une revue en flux continu publiée par les Publications scientifiques du Muséum, Paris Cryptogamie, Bryologie is a fast track journal published by the Museum Science Press, Paris Les Publications scientifiques du Muséum publient aussi / The Museum Science Press also publish: Adansonia, Geodiversitas, Zoosystema, Anthropozoologica, European Journal of Taxonomy, Naturae, Comptes Rendus Palevol, Cryptogamie sous-sections Algologie, Mycologie. Diffusion – Publications scientifiques Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle CP 41 – 57 rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) Tél. : 33 (0)1 40 79 48 05 / Fax : 33 (0)1 40 79 38 40 [email protected] / http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 2025 ISSN (électronique / electronic) : 1776-0992 Cryptogamie, Bryologie est indexé dans / Cryptogamie, Bryologie is indexed in: – Biological Abstracts – Current Contents – Science Citation Index – Publications bibliographiques du CNRS (Pascal) Cryptogamie, Bryologie est distribué en version électronique par / Cryptogamie, Bryologie is distributed electronically by: – BioOne® (http://www.bioone.org/loi/cryb) Directeur De la publication / Publication director: Gilles BLOCH Président du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle réDacteur en chef / editor-in-chief: Denis LAMY assistant De réDaction / assistant editor: Violette GRUNENBERGER ([email protected]) Mise en page / Page layout: Violette GRUNENBERGER réDacteurs associés / associate editors Biologie moléculaire et phylogénie / Molecular biology and phylogeny Bernard GOFFINET Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut (United States) Mousses d’Europe / European mosses Isabel DRAPER Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) Francisco LARA GARCÍA Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) Mousses d’Afrique et d’Antarctique / African and Antarctic mosses Rysiek OCHYRA Laboratory of Bryology, Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow (Pologne) Bryophytes d’Asie / Asian bryophytes Rui-Liang ZHU School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai (China) Bioindication / Biomonitoring Franck-Olivier DENAYER Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques de Lille, Laboratoire de Botanique et de Cryptogamie, Lille (France) Écologie des bryophytes / Ecology of bryophyte Nagore GARCÍA MEDINA Department of Biology (Botany), and Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) couverture / cover: Extrait de la Figure 2/Extract of Figure 2 51 CRYPTOGAMIE, BRYOLOGIE • 2025 • 46 (6) © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.cryptogamie.com/bryologie Three remarkable moss species new to Türkiye and Southwest Asia Hüseyin ERATA Gümüşhane University, Kürtün Vocational School, 29810, Kürtün, Gümüşhane (Türkiye) [email protected] (corresponding author) Nevzat BATAN Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Ortahisar, Trabzon (Türkiye) Mevlüt ALATAŞ Tunceli Vocational School, Munzur University, 62000, Tunceli (Türkiye) Tülay EZER Faculty of Architecture, Department of Landscape Architecture, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, 51100, Niğde (Türkiye) Submitted on 31 July 2024 | Accepted on 26 November 2024 | Published on 14 October 2025 Erata H., Batan N., Alataş M. & Ezer T. 2025. — Three remarkable moss species new to Türkiye and Southwest Asia. Cryptogamie, Bryologie 46 (6): 51-59. https://doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2025v46a6. http://cryptogamie. com/bryologie/46/6 ABSTRACT Iwatsukiella leucotricha (Mitt.) Buck & Crum., Andreaea alpestris (Thed.) Schimp., and Andreaea mutabilis Hook.f. & Wilson are newly recorded in Türkiye and Southwest Asia, following a recent bryological survey in the Artvin region. Additionally, the genus Iwatsukiella W.R.Buck & H.A.Crum. has been introduced as a new record for Türkiye’s bryophyte flora. This study provides brief descriptions, illustrations, and data on the geographic distribution and ecological preferences of these species, along with comparisons to morphologically similar species. RÉSUMÉ Trois espèces remarquables de mousses inédites en Turquie et en Asie du Sud-Ouest. Iwatsukiella leucotricha (Mitt.) Buck & Crum., Andreaea alpestris (Thed.) Schimp. et Andreaea mutabilis Hook.f. & Wilson ont été récemment répertoriées en Turquie et en Asie du Sud-Ouest, à la suite d’une étude bryologique menée récemment dans la région d’Artvin. De plus, le genre Iwatsukiella W.R.Buck & H.A.Crum. a été introduit comme nouveau genre dans la flore bryophyte de Turquie. Cette étude fournit de brèves descriptions, des illustrations et des données sur la répartition géographique et les préférences écologiques de ces espèces, ainsi que des comparaisons avec des espèces morphologiquement similaires. KEY WORDS Andreaea, Türkiye, biodiversity, bryophyte, Iwatsukiella, new records. MOTS CLÉS Andreaea, Turquie, biodiversité, bryophyte, Iwatsukiella, nouveaux signalements. 52 CRYPTOGAMIE, BRYOLOGIE • 2025 • 46 (6) Erata H. et al. INTRODUCTION The Karçal Mountains, a range extending from the Çoruh Valley to the Georgian border, rise from an altitude of 500 m to a peak of 3 545 m a.s.l. (Fig. 1). The region exhibits diverse climatic influences: the Çoruh Valley experiences a sub-Mediterranean climate, while the northern slopes of the Karçal Mountains are influenced by the Black Sea climate. In contrast, the southern slopes experience a mix of subMediterranean and continental climates, shaped by the valley’s influence. The eastern and higher elevations of the range are characterized by a more pronounced continental climate (Eminağaoğlu 2015; Fig. 1). Studies on the bryophyte flora in Türkiye have predominantly focused on the Aegean, Mediterranean, Central Anatolia, Marmara, and Black Sea regions. Although some research has investigated bryophytes in Artvin province and its surrounding areas (Gökler & Öztürk 1992; Townsend 2005; Özdemir et al. 2008; Batan & Özdemir 2008, 2012, 2013a, b; Blockeel et al. 2009; Batan et al. 2014; Alataş et al. 2018), there remains a notable scarcity of studies specifically investigating the bryophyte flora of the Karçal Mountains. The research area encompasses three distinct vegetation types: forest, subalpine, and alpine zones. The dominant vegetation is forest, characterized by mixed woodlands primarily composed of Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach subsp. nordmanniana, Picea orientalis (L.) Link, Ulmus glabra Mill., Castanea sativa Mill., Fagus orientalis Lipsky, Quercus petraea subsp. iberica (Steven ex M.Bieb.) Krassiln., Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn, Populus tremula L., Salix caucasica Andersson, Carpinus betulus L., Corylus avellana L., Rhododendron luteum Sweet, R. ponticum L., Prunus laurocerasus L., Rubus platyphyllos C. Koch., Crataegus microphylla K. Koch., C. monogyna subsp. monogyna Jacq., Ilex colchica Pojark., Acer campestre var. campestre L. and Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa (M. Bieb. ex Willd.) Franco & Rocha Afonso (Eminağaoğlu 2015; Yılmaz 2016). MATERIAL AND METHODS In 2022, c. 7500 bryophyte samples were collected from various localities across different habitats and substrates in the Karçal Mountains. The UTM WGS84 coordinate system was used to record the coordinates of each collection site. The moss samples were examined using both stereomicroscope and light microscope, and species identification was conducted by consulting key bryological references (Murray 1988; Noguchi et al. 1991; Gao & Crosby 1999; Wu et al. 2002; Smith 2004; Frey et al. 2006; Brugués et al. 2007; fig. 1. — Location of research area. A, Location of the research area in the Karçal Montains; B, Türkiye and neighboring countries; C, The geographical location of the study area (green dots) are determined within the grid system of Türkiye as delineated by Henderson (1961). A B C Legend Value High: 3918 Low: 0 Black Sea Ardahan Rize Erzurum Kars Artvin N 300 km 1 23 6 45 10 987 42° 40° 38° 36° 46° 42°38° 34° 30° 26° 11 12 13 14 15 A B C TURKEY Karçal Mountains Mediterranean Sea Black Sea SYRIA IRAQ GREECE ARMENIA GEORGIA BULGARIA IRAN AZERBAIJAN Karçal Mountains (study area) 60 km 53 Three remarkable moss species new to Türkiye and Southwest Asia CRYPTOGAMIE, BRYOLOGIE • 2025 • 46 (6) Lüth 2019). The taxonomic status of each species was assessed through a review of the relevant Turkish literature (Ros et al. 2013; Erdağ & Kürschner 2017; Hodgetts & Lockhart 2020; Kürschner & Frey 2020), with nomenclature and synonyms aligned with the classification system established by Hodgetts et al. (2020) was followed in terms of nomenclature and synonyms. The voucher specimens are in the private bryophyte collections of the second author (Batan) (Batan 1626, fig. 2. — Iwatsukiella leucotricha (Mitt.) Buck & Crum.: A, habit; B, shoot (Dry); C-E, leaves; F, alar cells; G, hair point; H, leaf tip; I, leaf margin cells. Scale bars: A, 2 cm; B, 1 cm; C-E, 200 µm; F, G, I, 50 µm; H, 100 µm. A B C D GH I E F 54 CRYPTOGAMIE, BRYOLOGIE • 2025 • 46 (6) Erata H. et al. Batan 1627, Batan 1628) at the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, and in the special collections of the first author (Erata) (Erata 1216, Erata 1217, Erata 1218 (Herb. Erata) at the Kürtün Vocational School, Gümüşhane University, Türkiye. A B CEF1 D3 D4D2 F2 D1 G1 G2 G3 G4 fig. 3. — Andreaea alpestris (Thed.) Schimp.: A, habit; B, C, shoot (dry); D1-D4, leaves; E, leaf apex; F1, leaf base (alar cells); F2, leaf base (alar cells); G1, cross section of the upper part of the leaf; G2, cross section of the lower part of the leaf; G3, cross section of the lower part of the leaf; G4, cross section of the lower part of the leaf. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, C, 1 mm; D, 0.5 mm; E, F, 100 µm; G, 20 µm. 55 Three remarkable moss species new to Türkiye and Southwest Asia CRYPTOGAMIE, BRYOLOGIE • 2025 • 46 (6) RESULTS Family Neckeraceae Schimp. Genus Iwatsukiella W.R.Buck & H.A.Crum. *Iwatsukiella leucotricha (Mitt.) W.R.Buck & H.A.Crum (Fig. 2) SpecımeN examıNed. — Türkiye • Artvin province; Artvin, Irsa Plateau, on tree trunks (Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. subsp. nordmanniana); 2014 m alt.; 41°51’54.7”N, 41°15’47.7”E ; 24.VIII.2022; leg. N. Batan, H. Erata, N. Batan, H. Erata, KTUB[KTUB1626]; duplicate in Erata 1215 (Herb. Erata). ecology. — Iwatsukiella leucotricha typically grows on tree trunks and fallen logs of Abies and Picea, and is occasionally on rock faces and in crevices (Dierßen 2001). In Türkiye, the specimens were collected A B D E C1 C2 C3 C4 F1 F2 G1 G2 fig. 4. — Andreaea mutabilis Hook.f. & Wilson: A, B, shoot (dry); C1-C4, leaves; D, leaf base (alar cells); E, basal cells; F1, F2, cross section of the lower part of the leaf; G1, G2, cross section of the upper part of the leaf. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 0.5 mm; D, E, 200 µm; F, G, 20 µm. 56 CRYPTOGAMIE, BRYOLOGIE • 2025 • 46 (6) Erata H. et al. from tree trunks of Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. Subsp. nordmanniana on the İrsa Plateau, Karçal Mountains, in the Artvin region. dıStrıbutıoN. — Iwatsukiella leucotricha is distributed across Europe (notably in the European part of Russia); Asia (including Georgia, China, and Japan); and North America (in Canada, Alaska, and Oregon) (Ignatov et al. 2006; Hodgetts & Lockhart 2020; GBIF 2024: https://www.gbif.org/species/2681265). This record demonstrates that the Iwatsukiella leucotricha, previously known from North America and eastern Asia, has extended its distribution further within Asia, marking a new location. The majority of records for Iwatsukiella leucotricha are from Russia. In the European part of Russia, it has been documented in the Republic of Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) and the Perm Territory. In Asiatic Russia, occurrences span across numerous regions, including the Chukotka Autonomous Area, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous AreaYugra, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Magadan Region, Irkutsk Region, Khabarovsk Territory, Kamchatka Territory, Commander Islands, Republic of Altai, Kemerovo Region, Republic of Buryatia, Trans-Baikal Territory, Amur Region, Primorye Territory, and Sakhalin Region (encompassing Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands). (Ignatov 1994; Ignatova et al. 1995, 1996, 2013; Ignatov et al. 2001; Czernyadjeva & Potemkin 2003; Zolotov & Baisheva 2003; Bakalın et al. 2009a; b; Pisarenko 2014; Fedosov et al. 2016; Afonina et al. 2018; Pisarenko & Bakalin 2018; Dudov et al. 2018; Pisarenko et al. 2022). This new record represents the westernmost and southernmost points of Iwatsukiella leucotricha’s global distribution. Additionally, this locality establishes it as both the southernmost occurrence of the species worldwide and the closest point to Europe within its distribution range. deScrıptıoN Plants small, slender 0.7-1.7 cm high, pale to yellowish-green. Stem creeping, densely pinnately branched. Brach 1-4 mm high and densely leaved. Leaves reflexed when moist and imbricate when dry. Leaves 1-2 mm tall and 0.2-1.3 mm wide, rounded or rounded ovate at base, and long, clear, hairpoint on the tip. Alar cells not clearly differentiated. Median leaf cells oblong or rhomboidal. Costa absent, or short and double. Iwatsukiella leucotricha bears resemblance to Habrodon perpusillus (De Not.) Lindb., yet it can be differentiated by its long, transparent hairpoint at the leaf tip and its undifferentiated alar cells. Iwatsukiella leucotricha is also morphologically close to Heterocladiella dimorpha (Brid.) Ignatov & Fedosov, from which it is distinguished by similar features: a long, clear hairpoint at the leaf tip and undifferentiated alar cells. Additionally, Heterocladiella dimorpha differs by its denticulate leaf margins and papillose cell surfaces, further setting it apart from Iwatsukiella leucotricha. remarkS Iwatsukiella leucotricha was most recently assessed for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2017, where it is categorized as Least Concern (LC) (Baisheva et al. 2019. This assessment, documented under the Europe region, is accessible in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2019: e.T87468107A87758253), with data available as of March 26, 2024. Family aNdreaeaceae Dumort. Genus Andreaea Hedw. *Andreaea alpestris (Thed.) Schimp. (Synonymous; Andreaea rupestris var. alpestris (Thed.) Sharp) (Fig. 3). SpecımeN examıNed. — Türkiye • Artvin province, Borçka district, exit of Beyazsu Plateau, Road to Yıldız Lake, valley interior, on rock; 2459 m alt.; 41°57’59.3”N, 41°21’38.0”E; 23.VI.2022 • Borçka district, Beyazsu Plateau, road to Yıldız Lake, on rock; 2496 m alt.; 41°57’47.7”N, 41°22’10.1”E; 24.VI.2022 • Borçka district, above Kuyruklu Lake, rocky area, on rock; 2720 m alt.; 42°3’32.6”N, 41°24’57.1”E; 23.VIII.2022 • Borçka district, between Çikunet Plateau and Saymiye ridge, on rock; 2760 m alt.; 42°1’6.4”N, 41°22’36.8”E; 23.VIII.2022; leg. N. Batan, H. Erata, N. Batan, H. Erata, KTUB[KTUB1627]; duplicate in Erata 1216 (Herb. Erata). ecology. — Andreaea alpestris typically grows on periodically wet rocks and lithosols often near snow beds. Also grows on rocks in subalpine and alpine habitats (Dierßen 2001; Smith 2004; Frey et al. 2006). dıStrıbutıoN. — Andreaea alpestris has a broad distribution, found in Europe (Finland, Norway, Sweden, Great Britain, Andorra, Corsica, France, Italy, Madeira, Spain, Austria, Poland, Switzerland, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Romania, Caucasus (in Europe); Artict Russia (NW Russia); Ukranie; Asia (China); America (Subartic America, EW America, Canada, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica); (Murray 1988; Allen 1994; Smith 2004; Hodgetts & Lockhart 2020). deScrıptıoN Plants small, 1.0-3.4 cm high, reddish black, black or greenish brown cushions. Shoots 1.4-1.8 cm high. Leaves 0.4-0.8 mm long, usually straight, imbricate, lanceolate, widest above the base. Leaf margins entire, plane or slightly incurved. Costa absent; basal cells short rectangular. Upper cells of leaf almost quadrate. Papillae on the dorsal surface of the leaves low or absent. Perichaetial leaves differentiated, sheathing, convolute and 1.1-1 mm long and 0.5-0.6 mm wide (Murray 1988; Smith 2004; Frey et al. 2006). This species closely resembles Andreaea rupestris Hedw., but it differs by having straight leaves and low or absent papillae on the dorsal leaf surface. Additionally, A. alpestris is distinct from A. rupestris due to its smaller, imbricate, obtuse leaves and the non-porose nature of the upper leaf cells. Andreaea alpestris also bears similarities to Andreaea mutabilis Hook.f. & Wilson; however, it can be differentiated by its typically straight leaves and the low or absent papillae on the leaf surface (Murray 1988; Smith 2004; Frey et al. 2006; Zander 2007). remarkS The species was last assessed for the IUCN Red List in 2017 and is currently classified as Data Deficient (DD) (Hallingbäck et al. 2019; IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2019: e.T83659776A87832177, accessed on July 8, 2024). Family aNdreaeaceae Dumort. Genus Andreaea Hedw. *Andreaea mutabilis Hook.f. & Wilson (Fig. 4) SpecımeN examıNed. — Türkiye • Artvin province, Borçka district, Balcıköy Plateau, power plant surroundings on rock; 2095-2150 m alt.; 41°56’36.2”N, 41°20’35.7”E; 22.VI.2022 • Borçka district, Beyazsu Plateau, on rock; 2356 m alt.; 41°57’36.1”N, 41°21’18.4”E; 57 Three remarkable moss species new to Türkiye and Southwest Asia CRYPTOGAMIE, BRYOLOGIE • 2025 • 46 (6) 23.VI.2022; leg. N. Batan, H. Erata, det N. Batan, H. Erata, KTUB[KTUB1628]; duplicate in Erata 1217 (Herb. Erata). ecology. — Andreaea mutabilis typically grows on dry to wet, exposed acidic rocks, It is also found on periodically wet acid boulders crags or rubble, rarely on thin soil over rocks (Dierßen 2001; Smith 2004; Frey et al. 2006). dıStrıbutıoN. — Andreaea mutabilis is distributed across various regions, including Europe (Fareo Islands, Great Britain, Andorra, France, Spain); Asia (Taiwan, China, and Malaysia); the Americas (North and South America); Oceania (New Guinea, Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand). (Chiang 1998; Gao & Crosby 1999; Smith 2004; Hodgetts & Lockhart 2020). deScrıptıoN Plants small, 1.0-1.2 cm high, reddish to black cushions. Shoots 0.4-1 cm high. Leaves 0.4-0.7 mm long, erect-spreading and straight, lanceolate, widest above the base, acuminate to acute apex. Costa absent. Leaf margins entire, incurved. Basal laminal cells rectangular, basal marginal cells isodiametric, median laminal cells rounded-quadrate or rhomboid. Perichaetial leaves oblong-lingulate, acuminate (Murray 1988; Smith 2004; Frey et al. 2006). Andreaea mutabilis closely resembles Andreaea sinuosa B.M. Murray but can be distinguished by its quadrate basal laminal cells and non-sinuose basal cells. Additionally, A. mutabilis differs from Andreaea rupestris Hedw. by having isodiametric basal marginal cells, less pitted basal cell walls, and quadrate basal laminal cells, whereas A. rupestris has rectangular basal laminal cells and laminal papillae. Andreaea mutabilis also bears similarity to Andreaea alpestris, but differs in its minimally sheathing leaf bases, often displaying a patch of yellow cells at the base, with basal cells that are scarcely pitted. Its basal laminal cells are rectangular, and marginal cells are quadrate, measuring 0.8-1 mm in length and 0.3-0.4 mm in width (Chiang 1998; Murray 1988; Smith 2004; Frey et al. 2006; Zander 2007). remarkS Andreaea mutabilis was last assessed for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2016, where it is classified as Least Concern (LC) (Hodgetts et al. 2019; The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T83659827A87792052 accessed on 11 July 2024). CONCLUSION The discovery of Iwatsukiella leucotricha, Andreaea alpestris, and Andreaea mutabilis in the Karçal Mountains extends the known distribution of these species and represents the first records for Türkiye and Southwest Asia. These findings highlight the biogeographical importance of the Karçal Mountains (Artvin, Türkiye), a poorly explored region with high potential for cryptogamic flora. The area emerges as an important reservoir of bryophyte diversity. Continued floristic surveys in this and other under-investigated regions are likely to yield additional noteworthy records, thereby enhancing our understanding of regional moss diversity. Acknowledgements This study was supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TUBITAK) under Grant Number 122Z039. The authors thank TUBITAK for their support. The authors also thank the referees for their valuable remarks during all the revision’s process. REFERENCES afoNıNa o. m., czerNyadjeva ı. v. & tubaNova d. y. a. 2018. — Mosses of the Barguzın State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Republic of Buryatia). Arctoa 27: 140-156. https://doi.org/10.15298/arctoa.27.14 a lataŞ m., b ataN N. & e zer t. 2018. — The Life forms, life strategies and ecological characteristics of epiphytic bryophytes in Kamilet valley (Artvin-Türkiye) and surroundings. Anatolian Bryology 4 (1): 8-16. https://doi.org/10.26672/anatolianbryology.373337 alleN b. 1994. — Moss Flora of Central America. 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