High performance Bioresorbable Na-ion Battery for Transient Medical Applications

Department of Flexible Electronics INSPIRING INNOVATION SINCE 1816 High Performance Bioresorbable Na-Ion Battery for Transient Medical Applications Thierry Djenizian 20 May 2025 Department of Flexible Electronics •Provide a targeted and personalized therapy during a determined clinical time •Therapy: localized drug release, electrical stimulation, biosensing,… •Future technology: TMI should be entirely bioresorbable to avoid a second surgery Interest in temporary medical implants (TMI) Example of a bioresorbable pacemaker for temporary heart stimulation Drawback: continously powered by external chargers DBS for stroke recovery and nerve regeneration by electrode stimulation Drawback: powered by implanted permanent batteries Bioresorbable battery Y. S. Choi, et al., Nat. Biotech., 39, 1228 (2021) Department of Flexible Electronics Ø Bioresorbable TMIs need efficient transient energy systems Rechargeable battery technologies including Li-ion batteries are using toxic elements that cannot be safely degraded by the body and must be then removed by surgery and recycled after use Ø A rechargeable wearable power source in which all constituents are non-toxic and able to be degraded by physiological fluids have not been achieved yet Propose a new technology able to penetrate the biomedical market and revolutionize the bioresorbable electronics The main challenges Our successful achievement: Design a high performance battery that is implantable, bioresorbable, wireless rechargeable with a controlled lifetime (from days to several months) T. Djenizian, et al., A Na-ion bioresorbable and flexible electrochemical accumulator. Patent # EP23170468.5, 2023 Bioresorbable battery Department of Flexible Electronics Wireless charging of implanted battery The main concept Bioresorbable battery Department of Flexible Electronics Let’s start from the beginning: the conventional approach… Bioresorbable battery Chemical formulation of the battery components üAnode: NaTi2(PO4)3-C (NTP-C) particles, carbon black, and Na-alginate üCathode: Na0.44MnO2 (NMO) particles, carbon black, and Na-alginate. üElectrolyte: Na2SO4 in Na-alginate or in Na-CMC deposited by drop casting. Slurry coating on Mg current collectors (25 µm thick) SEM cross-sectional view of a complete battery NTP-C NMO SA:Na Department of Flexible Electronics Bioresorbable battery Mg(OH)2 Oxidation of the Mg current collectors leading to poor electrochemical performance… 𝑀𝑔 +2𝐻20' ⟶ 𝑀𝑔 𝑂𝐻 2+ 𝐻2 üElectrochemical performance ✘ Bioresorbability Al foil current collector Mg foil current collector ✘ Electrochemical performance üBioresorbability The conventional approach is not suitable… Department of Flexible Electronics An alternative fabrication process Bioresorbable battery T. Djenizian, et al., A Na-ion bioeliminable electrochemical accumulator comprising electrode pellets coated by a current collector thin film, Associated manufacturing process and wireless recharging solution. Patent #EP24306269.2., 2024. Department of Flexible Electronics Current collectors: Mg Anode: NTP-C, carbon black, sodium alginate Cathode: NMO, carbon black, sodium alginate Polymer electrolyte: Sodium sulfate, sodium alginate Bioresorbable battery V. Muniraj, B. L. Vijayan, H. Hammoud, R. Delattre, M.Ramuz, E. Djenizian, E. Vandini, D. Giuliani, T. Djenizian, Bioresorbable and Wireless Rechargeable Implanted Na-ion Battery for Temporary Medical Devices, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2417353 (2025). Department of Flexible Electronics Electrochemical characterizations and KPIs Main features Diameter 0.74 cm Thickness 0.12 cm Surface 0.43 cm2 Volume 0.05 cm3 Mass 90 mg Bio-elimination time One day –several months Key Performance Indicators @C/2rate 1st discharge capacity 1.2 mAh Capacity retention 83 % after 50 cycles Energy 0.78 mWh Power 1.17 mW Wireless recharging characteristics Recharge at 4 mm 30 min Recharge at 12 mm 1 h Bioresorbable battery V. Muniraj, B. L. Vijayan, H. Hammoud, R. Delattre, M.Ramuz, E. Djenizian, E. Vandini, D. Giuliani, T. Djenizian, Bioresorbable and Wireless Rechargeable Implanted Na-ion Battery for Temporary Medical Devices, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2417353 (2025). Department of Flexible Electronics Bioresorbable battery V. Muniraj, B. L. Vijayan, H. Hammoud, R. Delattre, M.Ramuz, E. Djenizian, E. Vandini, D. Giuliani, T. Djenizian, Bioresorbable and Wireless Rechargeable Implanted Na-ion Battery for Temporary Medical Devices, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2417353 (2025). Department of Flexible Electronics Wireless recharging Bioresorbable battery V. Muniraj, B. L. Vijayan, H. Hammoud, R. Delattre, M.Ramuz, E. Djenizian, E. Vandini, D. Giuliani, T. Djenizian, Bioresorbable and Wireless Rechargeable Implanted Na-ion Battery for Temporary Medical Devices, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2417353 (2025). Department of Flexible Electronics 18 The main issue Mg(OH)2 𝑀𝑔 +2𝐻20' ⟶ 𝑀𝑔 𝑂𝐻 2+ 𝐻2 Increase of the cell resistance due to the oxidation reactions induced by O2 from air and the moisture from the electrolyte Department of Flexible Electronics Bioresorbable battery Current collectors: Mg à Mo Anode: NTP-C, carbon black, Na-CMC Cathode: NMO, carbon black, Na-CMC Polymer electrolyte: Sodium sulfate, Na-CMC (less moisture) Department of Flexible Electronics 20 Last achievements Department of Flexible Electronics 21 Last achievements !"#"A%CDEF*+#D#,-+./DM".DNODOP+,OPD+.D!"#"A%C45ST8%-+.,T99,:9,O4,X,< !D=#D> ?D=#D> :"D=#D> @.DABD> @/D=#D> !D=#D> =C AC aC bC cC d,9e+MD!9.MO.,-",+9.DE>< C=CCC ACCC aCCC bCCC cCCC ICCC gCCC hCCC O,M*+./DF+eO !"#"A%CDEF*+#D#,-+./DM".DNODOP+,OPD+.D!"#"A%C45ST8%-+.,T99,:9,O4,X,< !D=#D> F+D?@D> %D?@D> AD=#D> :"D=#D> B/D=#D> !D=#D> C =C ?C aC bC cC d,9e+MD!9.MO.,-",+9.DE>< C=CCC ?CCC aCCC bCCC cCCC ICCC S,M*+./DF+eO !"#"A%CDEF*+#D#,-+./DM".DNODOP+,OPD+.D!"#"A%C45ST8%-+.,T99,:9,O4,X,< !D=#D> ?D=#D> :"D=#D> @9DAPD> @.DBCD> !D=#D> =a Ba Aa ba ca da ea I,9g+MD!9.MO.,-",+9.DE>< a=aaa Baaa Aaaa baaa caaa daaa eaaa haaa S,M*+./DF+gO !"#"A%CDEF*+#D#,-+./DM".DNODOP+,OPD+.D!"#"A%C45ST8%-+.,T99,:9,O4,X,< !D=#D> F+D?@D> %D?@D> AD=#D> :"D=#D> B9DCPD> !D=#D> a =a ?a Ca ba ca da ea I,9g+MD!9.MO.,-",+9.DE>< a=aaa ?aaa Caaa baaa caaa daaa eaaa haaa S,M*+./DF+gO Mg on NTP-C Mg on NMO Mo on NTP-C Mo on NTP-C Mg thin-film is fully oxidized! Department of Flexible Electronics 22 Last achievements Department of Flexible Electronics Thank you