ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF OBTAINING OIL FROM PLUM SEEDS BY PRESSING AND EXTRACTION

Educational Research in Universal Sciences ISSN: 2181-3515 VOLUME 4 | SPECIAL ISSUE 12 | 2025 https://t.me/Erus_uz Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal October, 2025 98 DOI: https://10.5281/zenodo.17371978 ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF OBTAINING OIL FROM PLUM SEEDS BY PRESSING AND EXTRACTION Davlyatov Azizbek Abdikasimovich PhD, specialist of the Namangan branch of the State Institution “Uzbekistan Scientific Testing and Quality Control Center” E-mail: [email protected] Khudayberdiyev Absalom Abdurasulovich Namangan State Technical University, professor. E-mail: [email protected] Mirzakhmedov Saydrasul Shermukhammad ugli specialist of the Namangan branch of the State Institution “Uzbekistan Scientific Testing and Quality Control Center” E-mail: [email protected] Talabova Barno 1st-year Master’s student, Namangan State Technical University ABSTRACT Analysis of pressing and extraction methods in the development of oil extraction technology from fruit seeds, determination of the efficiency of the pressing device in extracting oil. Also, a comparison of the amount of oil in the crushed released as a result of pressing and the amount of oil obtained by pressing. In our research work, attention is paid to the issues of determining the factors influencing the environment in oil extraction processes in both cases. Keywords: Plum kernel, heater, solvent, cotton, screw press, soxhlet, crucible, filter paper, rotary evaporator, extraction device, sieves, porcelain mortar, water bath, Akita JP-8000 equipment. Educational Research in Universal Sciences ISSN: 2181-3515 VOLUME 4 | SPECIAL ISSUE 12 | 2025 https://t.me/Erus_uz Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal October, 2025 99 INTRODUCTION Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 28, 2022 No. PD-60 "Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026", No. PD-4118 dated January 16, 2019 "Further Development of Oil Network on additional measures and the introduction of market mechanisms in the management of the sector", PQ-3484 dated January 19, 2018 "Measures for the rapid development of the oil industry" on ", February 18, 2016 No. PD-2492 "On measures to further improve the management of the food industry of the Republic" and other regulatory legal documents related to this activity. to a certain extent, our research works will contribute to the increase.[5] In our republic, a number of programs have been developed in order to meet the demands and standards of consumers for food products, especially oil products specified. In 2022, industrial products in the amount of 6.13 trillion soums were produced by oil enterprises, and in this regard, a growth rate of 108.2 percent compared to last year was achieved. Today, the number of small private enterprises producing oil products is 240, and the number of large enterprises is more than 40. In order to provide 100% of the daily needs of the population, the oil-oil products produced by the existing enterprises can satisfy only 80% of the daily needs of the population. The remaining 20% is purchased from neighboring countries as imported products. Today, in addition to oil extraction from traditional oil raw materials, great attention is paid to oil extraction from non-traditional oil plants. In particular, a lot of scientific work is being carried out on extracting oil from seeds of pomegranates, grapes, almonds, peaches, apricots, plums and other similar fruits and studying their composition. In the following research paper, we present information on extracting oil from the pith of the plum plant, which grows in the Fergana valley, especially in the Namangan region, and our scientific research work carried out in this process.[3] METHODS The experiment was conducted in the scientific laboratory of the Department of Food Technology of the Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology. In the experiment, as an object of inspection, the processes of extracting oil from plum fruit kernels by cold pressing as well as by extraction method were studied. The main parameters affecting oil extraction from plum kernels were determined. In this process, the factors affecting the extraction of high amounts of oil from the kernels during the pressing and extraction process (kernel moisture, damage by mold or pests, fractional conditions, mechanical strength) were eliminated. Optimum temperatures for pressing were selected[1]. In order to increase the amount of oil separation in the extraction Educational Research in Universal Sciences ISSN: 2181-3515 VOLUME 4 | SPECIAL ISSUE 12 | 2025 https://t.me/Erus_uz Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal October, 2025 100 method, kernels were mechanically processed and the optimal options for the effect of reagents taken as a solvent in the process were checked. Based on the above ideas, in our research, we aimed to determine the methods and parameters of oil extraction from the fruit kernels, which is called plum (Prunus) in the vernacular and scientific literature, growing in the Yangikurgan district of the Namangan region. we got When oil is extracted from the core by pressing method, a considerable amount (7-16%) of oil remains in the residual product. Due to this, it is economically necessary to dissolve the oil from crushed or from the product that has not been directly extracted with the help of organic solvents, because the amount of vegetable oil obtained by pressing cannot fully cover the needs of the population. The quality of vegetable oil obtained by extraction is lower than that obtained by the pressing method, because in addition to lipids, various organic substances that are harmful to the body have dissolved in the extracted oil.[3,5,6,7,] Ethers, chloroform, gasoline, benzene and other types of solvents can be used as solvents for the extraction of vegetable oils. Solvent-dependent separation of vegetable oils depends on the solvents. Gasoline and alcohol were used in this research for the extraction of crusheds. When determining the oils released during the extraction process, they are determined based on the coloring pigments contained in them. Regardless of the type of raw material, it must be prepared for the extraction process. Basically, it consists of completely destroying the internal structure of the product and transferring the oil contained in the product to a free state []. In order to effectively carry out the above two processes and to avoid excessive energy consumption, first the fruit kernels were mechanically processed. In this case, the kernels were crushed into different sizes by mechanical action. By controlling the moisture content of the ground kernels, a positive effect on both methods was observed in extracting oil from kernels with optimal moisture content (12-19%).[5] RESULTS 25-75% of oil can be extracted from plant and fruit kernels by traditional methods. The accuracy of the results can also be achieved by comparing this amount of oil with the amount of oil obtained by extraction. In our research work, the results obtained on determining the amount of oil in the kernels passed through 3.0-2.0 mm sieves during the extraction process and in the pulp separated from the pressing are mentioned. As a result of our research, sieves with dimensions of 2.5 mm x 20 mm were selected for extracting kernels from fruit seeds. Also, in order to determine the total amount of fat in the marrow, the amount of fat in the crushed was also determined. In our previous research work, it was found that 1 kg of pulp contained 420-450 ml of oil by cold Educational Research in Universal Sciences ISSN: 2181-3515 VOLUME 4 | SPECIAL ISSUE 12 | 2025 https://t.me/Erus_uz Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal October, 2025 101 pressing method from fruit kernels. The remaining fat in 1 kg of crushed was found to be 72-75 ml. In our experiments with the extraction method, we managed to obtain a total amount of 400-420 ml of oil. The following table shows the influence of kernel relative humidity on oil yield.[5,6,7,8]. Table 1 1 kg/ml Effect on the moisture content of seeds during pressing № Sample Moisture % Obtained at a temperature of 40C oil quantity ml Obtained at a temperature of 80C oil quantity ml 1 Plum seeds 18% 420-450ml 460-475 ml 2 Plum seeds 15% 410-440ml 450-465 ml 3 Plum seeds 12% 415-425ml 440-455 ml As can be seen from the above table, it was found that the relative humidity of the raw materials had an effect on the pressing process and the compression of the fat contained in the kernel. The relative humidity of the raw material prevents the screw from heating up during the pressing process and burning the cone. The higher the dry matter content of the kernels, the lower the oil production.[9,10,11,12]. According to the obtained results, in the process of fully extracting the oil from plum kernels, 475 ml (47.5%) of oil was obtained from 1 kg of kernels by cold pressing [2]. During extraction, 450 ml (45%) of oil was obtained. DISCUSSIONS When extracting oil from fruit kernels, it is necessary to develop perfect technological schemes for extracting the amount of oil contained in them. When extracting oil from kernels, it is important to choose the optimal temperature in order to preserve useful macro and microelements in kernels. In pressing equipment, the relative humidity of the kernel should always be controlled, because it is necessary to provide the moisture required to improve the release of free oil in the kernel. First of all, the relative humidity of the core when brought to the production process and its relative humidity after primary cleaning and washing are important. In these experimental works, we controlled the relative humidity of plum fruit kernels in the process of extraction of oil by pressing method, and after processing it with steam. In this case, it became known that the optimal moisture content of the core is 18% to prevent overheating of the device during pressing and to ensure uniform operation [7,8,9,10, ]. Educational Research in Universal Sciences ISSN: 2181-3515 VOLUME 4 | SPECIAL ISSUE 12 | 2025 https://t.me/Erus_uz Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal October, 2025 102 CONCLUSION As a result of our research work, we studied all the parameters of extracting oil from the pressing device and determined the physico-chemical indicators of the oil obtained from the pressing device. In the course of our research, we were able to determine the amount of fat remaining in the secondary product of fruit seeds, the pulp. The results obtained from our research studies were compared with the previous ones. In order to determine the total amount of oil in the pulp of the fruit, by extracting the pulps separated from each pressed pulp, the remaining oil was determined and added to the previously extracted oil, the total amount was determined.[2] In this case, it was proved in our research that there is a total amount of 475 ml of oil in the content of plum kernel by cold pressing and extraction. As a result of our scientific research and studies, plum is a fruit The kernel of the seeds contains macronutrients necessary for human health the presence of microelements, vitamins, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids was determined. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, we observed in the experiments that the oil obtained at a temperature of 400C as a result of cold pressing is higher compared to the amount of oil obtained by the extraction method. REFERENCES: 1. 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