0049_pronizius

Appendix 1. EMA questions and demographic questions All items are presented in German in the app but have been translated into English here. EMA Questions The questions asked at each ecological momentary assessment (EMA): Mood and stress All items are on a visual analogue scale (VAS) scale. Right now, I feel: Bipolar scale · very tired / very awake · very dissatisfied / very satisfied · very restless / very clam · very weak / very energetic · very unwell / very well · very tense / very relaxed Unipolar scale: · hungry: not at all – very · stressed: not at all – very · ill: not at all – very · bored: not at all – very · exhausted: not at all – very · lonely: not at all – very Reward questions A manual defined the following “reward activities” in case participants are not sure what constitutes each activity. How strong is your current desire for: (all items on a VAS scale: not at all - very strong) · sweet, salty or “rich” foods · cigarettes or other tobacco products · sexual activity · gambling · internet surfing & social media · online shopping · watching series/movies/television · video games · alcohol · physical exercise · social interchange · recreational drugs What have you done since the last entry/since you got up (tick all that apply)? · consumed sweet, salty or “rich” food · consumed cigarettes or other tobacco products · engaged in sexual activity · gambled · surfed the internet/used social media · shopped online · watched series/movies/television · played video games · consumed alcohol · engaged in physical exercise · consumed recreational drugs · none of the above If participants engaged in any of the above activities, for each activity they are asked: · How much did you enjoy [activity]? VAS (not at all / to very much) Social interaction questions Have you had an uninterrupted social exchange* of more than 2 minutes since the last entry/since getting up? No / yes, 1 / yes, 2 / yes, 3 / yes, 4 / yes, 5 / yes, 6 / yes, 7 / yes, 8 / yes, 9 / yes, 10 / yes, more than 10 *An uninterrupted social exchange is any continuous interaction between you and at least one other person which lasted for more than 2 minutes. For example, this could include a conversation in real life/in person, a phone call or video call, and text-based communication (e.g. Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, chatrooms, SMS). What is important is that there was a continuous back-and-forth between you and the other person(s), and that this lasted for at least 2 minutes and was uninterrupted. For a text-based communication to count as an uninterrupted social exchange, there should not be a long gap (no more than a few minutes) between sending and receiving the messages. The exchange should feel similar to a conversation you may have with someone in person or on the phone, where there is a continuous and uninterrupted back-and-forth. If the exchange feels more like a correspondence you may have with someone via email, where there is usually a longer delay between receiving and sending the messages, then this should not count as an uninterrupted social exchange. How many of these social exchanges were in person (“face-to-face”) in the same place? None / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 / 10 / more than 10 If the participant had at least one social exchange since the last entry (or waking up) they are asked: Please focus on the last social exchange: How many people took part in this exchange? 2 persons (me + 1 other person) / more than 2 persons Who was is with (tick all that apply)? Partner / child / parents / grandparents / siblings / friend / colleague / stranger / other How close are you to this person? If the exchange was with more than 2 people, think about the person you are closest to in this group. (VAS: not close at all - very close) How pleasant was this exchange? (VAS: not pleasant at all – very pleasant) How long was the exchange? Less than 5 minutes / 5-20 minutes / 21-45 minutes / more than 45 minutes How did you communicate? In person (in the same physical place) / voice call (audio only) / video call / text-based (Messenger, Chat) / Other Prosocial behaviour questions Have you supported or helped another person since the last assessment (or since getting up)? Yes / No If so: Does this person live with you in the same household? Yes / No If so: How much effort was involved in helping or supporting this person? (VAS: none – very much) Music questions Are you currently actively listening to music? Yes / No If answered with no: Have you actively listened to music since the last entry/since you got up? Yes / No If any of the above questions were answered with yes: Do you like listening to the music? (or how much did you like listening to the music?) not at all – very (VAS) The music you are listening to is... (or rather the music you listened to was...) sad – happy (VAS) calming – energizing (VAS) What is the main reason you are listening to music? (or …why you listened to music) Relaxation / Activation / Distraction / Against boredom / Other reason How long have you been listening to music? (or how long did you listen to music?) less than 5 minutes / 5-20 minutes / 21-45 minutes / more than 45 minutes Control questions Have you left your home since the last entry (or since getting up)? No / yes, for less than 5 minutes / yes, between 5-20 minutes / yes, between 21-45 minutes / more than 45 minutes Why (tick all that apply)? I had to... go to work / shopping / getting something / exercise / help or care for someone / take out the rubbish out / go out with children or the dog / other Where are you right now? At home / someone else’s home / underway / at work / shopping / pub or restaurant / public place / outdoors / at the doctor’s / hospital / other Which persons are currently present? (tick all that apply) I am alone / family / partner / friends / strangers What were you doing just before this assessment? (please select one) working / studying / free time / other Demographic questions These questions are asked the first time participants open the app: Demographic information: · Age · Gender · Nationality · Country of residence · Number of people in the household (including the age and gender of each person) · Region/state code · Caring responsibilities (i.e. children, elderly relatives) · Current working situation (e.g. working from home, studying, unemployed, working as usual) Attitudes towards virus · In your opinion, what is the probability that you will be infected with the COVID-19 virus within the next two months? (VAS: definitely not – definitely) · In your opinion, what is the probability that a person close to you (e.g. your partner, your child, one parent, very good friend) will be infected with the COVID-19 virus in the next two months? (VAS: definitely not – definitely) · I am concerned about the effects of the virus on my health. (VAS: do not agree at all, strongly agree) · I am concerned about the impact of the virus on the health of the most important people in my life. (VAS Slider: do not agree at all, strongly agree) · I am concerned about the personal financial implications of this virus. (VAS: do not agree at all, strongly agree) · I am concerned about the impact of the virus on my relationships with the most important people in my life. (VAS: do not agree at all, strongly agree) · Are you likely to isolate yourself in the coming week? No / yes, medically prescribed quarantine / yes, due to the regulations / yes, voluntarily Mental and physical health · Have you ever been diagnosed with a mental or neurological disorder? No / If yes, please specify · Do you have a chronic physical illness? No / If yes, please specify · Do you have an acute physical illness? No / yes, I tested positive for COVID-19 / yes, I think I have COVID-19 / yes, I have another acute illness – please specify