Productividad, adaptabilidad y sostenibilidad: agropastoralismo multifuncional (PAS-AGRO-PAS)
Abstract
Presented as a Poster; and in Book of Abstracts of XLVIII Congreso Nacional y XXIV Internacional de la Sociedade Española de Ovinotecnia y Caprinotecnia. Bilbao, España (1st-3th October, 2025).
Full text
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