PLANET4B workshop report Trade and global value chains extensive case study 20251023 v1 data.pdf

1 Date of update: September 20, 2024 PLANET4B - understanding Plural values, intersectionality, Leverage points, Attitudes, Norms, behaviour and social lEarning in Transformation for Biodiversity decision making Case “Trade and global value chains” Vinícius Mendes (case study researcher), Radboud University Cristina Y. A. Inoue (case study researcher), Radboud University Findings from photography-based workshop with Stakeholder Board (SB) Workshop held on 25 & 28 June 2024 *Workshop participants are anonymised in this report Introductory notes We designed a 2h photography-based workshop with the case study Stabeholder Board, following the “Methodology Guide for Task 3.2” (Systems mapping and transformative interventions)”, provided by the task leader CzechGlobe, in the context of the Horizon Europe PLANET4B Project1. We hosted the workshop twice, with two different groups of Stakeholder Board (SB)2 members. One application was held in English (in June 25, 2-4pm CEST) and another in Portuguese (in June 28, 2-4pm CEST), for the following reasons. First, to accommodate the SB members’ busy schedules and different locations (some in Brazil and others in the Netherlands), which prevented us from finding a single date where all members were available. Second, to provide an inclusive space, as some members are non-English speakers. Table 1. Information about the SB workshops 1 More information on this project can be found here: https://planet4b.eu/ 2 In PLANET4B, each sector-based case study has a Stakeholder Board (SB). The board “collaborates closely with cases during their research, paying attention to the particularities of local communities, sectoral stakeholders, policy actors, business decision-makers, intersectionality dimensions, and vulnerable social groups” connected to the case study research (Mendes et al., 2023, p.2). In the case study “Trade and global value chains”, we adopted a fluid composition for the SB. This allows us to include new SB members in any stage of the case development. For more information, see: Mendes, V., Kelemen, E., Inoue, C. Y. A., Aas-Hanssen, A. E., Barton, D., Bolsø, R. ... & Villa, M. (2023a). Learning Communities and sectoral Advisory Boards established for 5 intensive place-based and 6 extensive sector-based case studies (Report No D3.1). Project 101082212 – PLANET4B. Brussels: European Research Executive Agency. Available https://planet4b.eu/wpcontent/uploads/2023/12/PLANET4B_D3.1_Establishing_LearningCommunities. pdf. 2 Date of application June 25, 2-4pm CEST June 28, 2-4pm CEST Language Portuguese English Participants 1 NGO (Netherlands) 2 Local community (Brazil) 2 Academia (1 Brazil, 1 Netherlands) Total: 5 1 NGO (Netherlands) 3 Academia (1 Brazil, 2 Netherlands) Total: 4 Stories A to E F to H Resources Power Point Teams Miro Board Power Point Teams Miro Board The activity was held online through Microsoft Teams. During the sessions, we used Microsoft Power Point and a Miro Board, which we prepared in advance. Dates and time were selected via a poll in the Framadate platform. Previously to the workshop, we invited each participant to select a photograph, and based on it tell us a personal story which would inspire a change/intervention to improve the situation of biodiversity and people along the beef and/or soy trade routes between Brazil and the Netherlands. We used the following prompt (English version) in the invitation e-mail: Box 1. Prompt sent weeks before the workshop, inviting SB members to prepare a story A photograph and a story We ask you to select a photograph (personal, or from the Internet without copyright). Starting from this photo, share with us a story of up to 5 minutes. The story must somehow connect your personal experiences/identity to biodiversity loss along the soy and/or beef chain, Brazil-EU/Netherlands. If you prefer not to tell a personal story, feel free to use your imagination and invent one. The idea is that, through personal stories from your everyday life, or from work, from the research you do, or from experiences that you have lived and would like to share (identity & experiences), you propose a change that can improve the situation of biodiversity and people in some (or both) of the soy and beef supply chains between Brazil and the Netherlands. The story will help us reflect on a central aspect in PLANET4B: how our identities, lived/personal experiences (oppression, privileges, etc.) connect to our decision-making (directly or indirectly) that eventually lead to biodiversity loss along these supply chains. In your story, indicate actions/interventions that could lead us to the suggested change. Indicators of change We would also ask you to prepare a list of 2 to 3 indicators for each action/intervention identified. Indicators that can be used to track/monitor the change. Please send us the actions/interventions in .docx or pptx. until the date of the meeting (simple bullets, for example). Broader impacts Finally, describe which potential broader impacts (reaching other sectors, other geographies, etc.) could occur if the change becomes a reality. What barriers would exist to prevent these broader impacts? And what 3 opportunities can catalyze such impacts? Please send us this material in written format, in a .docx or pptx., until the date of the meeting (bullets, short paragraphs, etc.) During the workshop (Table 2), participants granted us permission to record all sessions. Records were transcribed automatically by Teams. The remaining parts of this document are based on such transcripts, the notes produced by participants in the Miro Board during the sessions, as well as written material that some participants sent to us previously to the workshop. Table 2. Workshop sessions Below, we present and reflect upon the findings. Although we had 9 participants, only 8 stories were shared, because one participant only joined in a later stage during the workshop. Photographs & Stories Story A. Children and rural development in Brazil’s Cerrado biome. Concretely, more access to companies’ sourcing polygons. On a deeper level, the development of rural areas through alternative production systems. 4 Picture 1. Children in an area of soybeans expansion in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Photo credit: Tiago Foresti. “This photo, in fact, was taken during fieldwork that I did. It's about the expansion of soybeans in the Cerrado, and the displacement, the expulsion of local communities. This was an experience that I had during this fieldwork. It became very clear to me what the communities call silent expulsion. And it's often made invisible. The picture always brings me a lot of joy, because it makes me think about two changes, on two levels, which I think are very necessary. I'm going to talk about a very pragmatic change and another change, which is more abstract, let's say, more optimistic, holistic. The pragmatic change, especially in the context of the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), in implementing this legislation, and enable it in general, is perhaps, ideally so, very optimistic. I think it would be great if we had more access to companies' sourcing polygons, because we talk a lot about traceability and how to monitor? And we are able to do this on a national scale, even on a local scale, but we never know exactly where the companies are buying from, because only they have these origination polygons and they are not obliged to make this transparent to the civil society at the moment, only for governments. What if we had some way of adding anonymization to these polygons, so that we could also monitor and verify that what they are saying makes sense in reality? According to the data we have, I think it would be very positive. And then, a more abstract change. So, the change in values would actually be more holistic, right? Understanding that it is not just soy that brings development, benefits, value to life, or even happiness, connecting with the photo, right? We need to understand that there are other ways for us to develop, to continue using this mainstream vocabulary. This is to develop rural areas of Brazil through the alternative systems proposed by these local communities, which are so often displaced by soybeans and by livestock farming.” (SB member from Academia & Environmental NGO) 5 *** Story B. Macaws in urban Brasília, visitors or victims from habitat loss? Chapada dos Veadeiros national park and soy plantations “right on the edge” of the protected area. Picture 2. Macaws in an urban area of Brasília, in the Cerrado. Photo credit: workshop participant. “I actually had a hard time choosing just one, so I'll quickly share two pictures. First, it's this wonderful macaw in my garden. (…). I live in Brasília, Lago Norte and this macaw, a bunch of them, comes to visit me often. This other photo that I share is from a field trip here in the Alto Paraíso region. It's in Chapada dos Veadeiros national park (state of Goiás, in Cerrado), and here we see a soybean plantation. Soybeans right on the edge of the park, right? 6 Picture 3. Soy plantations nearby the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park in the Brazilian Cerrado. Photo credit: workshop participant. This is always what I see, it is a personal story. In a personal impression, whenever the macaws are here, I'm super happy. Joyful! But at the same time, I'm always asking myself questions, I've asked several people this, but no one has been able to answer me clearly. Are these macaws here because they cannot survive in the rural area around Brasília, in the Cerrado, because this area is taken over by soybeans? My question is: how can we protect this biodiversity in the Cerrado biome? Of course, I don't want them not to be in Brasília either, but I'd like to know if they are being protected, the macaws, the toucans, throughout the region here in the Cerrado. (…) The first time I've been there was in 1998 and now, last year (2023), I was there again and came across this area taken over by soybeans. And talking to some small producers around the park, they are also concerned about the impacts of large production as regards to the use of agrochemicals. These small producers want to carry out agroecological production. But they are not able to do it because of the soybean problem next door. So, I proposed some changes. It is comprehensive, I think, perhaps too comprehensive here for this case, but it would be valuing the preservation of vegetation, native vegetation, biodiversity, expansion of forest reserves, protected areas or even restoration. It's in the region. But, talking here initially with you (during the workshop), is in terms of values. I thought we could value rural tourism a little more, ecological tourism as a way of protecting these areas as well.” (SB member from Academia) *** 7 Story C. Mobilizing against trade agreements that support large scale farming. Moving towards agroecology and food sovereignty. Picture 4. Farmers protesting against the EU-Mercosur Free Trade Agreement, in the EU Commission headquarters, in Brussels. “I would like to share two images as well. One of them was taken a few months ago. It is the farmers protests in Brussels in which we from La Via Campesina also played a part in mobilizing farmers to come. One of the big demands here is to stop the EU-Mercosur Free Trade Agreement. 8 Picture 5. Farmers adopting an agroecological production system in the Netherlands. Note: we covered peoples’ faces in the pic for the sake of anonymization. And then the second is a picture of a new farmers in the Netherlands. They are two young farmers that have taken over a conventional farm. They are called Simone and Matias (fictitious names). They are also one of the members of our organization, La Via Campesina. The farm used to be a conventional farm. But they took it over and they want to move to a more agroecological type of farming system. And what does it mean a conventional farm here in the Netherlands? It is a dairy farm, right? So, with cattle. The conventional farm typically produces a lot of milk. It's very intensive, it uses a lot of feed from soy to produce this milk. And they depend also on a type of cattle called Holstein Friesian, which are quite famous Dutch cattle variety that produces a lot of milk. But also, these cattle need really a lot of feed to function properly. The Holstein Friesian cattle also depend on what is called English ryegrass, which is a type of grass. That is grown in a monoculture, right? It's very rich grass. It also requires a lot of chemical fertilizers to grow well. Uh, so this is the model of conventional farming in the Netherlands. To move towards agroecological farming, and that's what these farmers are trying to do, they need to switch to, they want to switch to, more diverse grassland. So not only have this English ryegrass. But also integrate diverse herbs and trees and herbs. In addition, they need to introduce a different type of cattle. And to make other changes on the farm. But the difficulty for them were the following. First, it was very difficult for them to take over the farm. No bank wants to invest in a farm that is moving away from conventional farming. They had to look for many small loans. And, in the end, they had 13 different parties giving them small loans so that they could buy the farm A second difficulty was the issue of production, right? The price of milk is very low. They want to start also produce feed for themselves, right? Rather than importing. And, to overcome this, they made small start to sell directly for small shops where they sell the milk and cheese. But still, they're struggling a lot. So, this transition to agriculture is very difficult. 9 The changes that I would like to propose are. First, a reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). We need to be able to reregulate markets better and ensure that there is a minimum price for farmers. And ensure that this type of money is put in towards transition towards agroecology rather than supporting large scale agriculture. Second, we also want to stop with free trade agreements, stop with the EU-Mercosur agreement. And reconsider other free trade agreements, both in the Netherlands and in the global South, so that farmers and the people can move towards more system of food sovereignty.” (SB member from Academia & Environmental NGO) *** Story D. Amazon schoolteachers and students poisoned by soy agrotoxins. Cattle farming amid a lonely Chesnutt tree, “as if the tree could live without the forest that surrounds it.” We need another type of involvement with the forest! Picture 6. Belterra in Santarém, Pará state, in the Brazilian Amazon. “Okay, this is a first photo. As you can see, we have some cattle there. It is in Belterra, a city close to Santarem (Pará state, in the Amazon). I believe it is very symbolic, because it represents the two spaces, both the advance of livestock farming and the advance of soybeans in the region. There is a very powerful life story that happened the week before last week, when I was chosen to teach a class at a school (where I already minister some courses), because the teacher had been ill. We didn't know what had exactly happened, but we found out that she felt ill (…). She had been ill as 16 I am also quite bad at thinking about actions, to be honest, as a researcher. And here comes the contextualization. I have a background in dance studies. I have my bachelor’s degree and Dance, but also studied Marketing for three years at an academic level. One thing that really interests me is the idea of storytelling or “story selling.” Because right now marketing campaigns, or propaganda, really like use the storytelling in order to sell it. So, they do know the profile of the consumers, right? What I would like to propose as a change is the idea of us researchers really doing the move of reshaping the way that we tell our stories. Really focus on the consumers, or not only the consumers, but the audience we focus on. The public. I do think it is important for us to understand other realities, of course, but in this individualistic and capitalistic societies that will lead, we are mostly affected and really influenced by things that affect us. This is why I think that we should shape our stories based on our audiences, and the things that affect them.” (SB member from Academia) *** Story H. A story about the farming system in the Netherlands, the Schiphol airport, and the sectors that can kick start the change in the system: finance, food and retail sectors! “I've got two pictures because I couldn't choose. This is the first one. And this is the second one, and I'll leave this one open. You can see me here (Picture 10) when I was still young, and I was still doing my PhD. So, maybe let's start there. So, who am I? I am now a campaigner and analyst for the NGO Friends of the Earth. For two months, so, I am quite new in this job. Until quite recently, I was working as a researcher, an assistant professor in food studies at the University of Amsterdam. Working on sustainable land use. Actually, when you showed me the leverage points picture, it is funny because I was teaching about that until very recently. But yeah, this is me much younger when I was still starting my PhD. As you know, there is a housing crisis in Amsterdam, so I couldn't find a house. Instead, I ended up renting a room on a farm. Well as you can see, quite close to the Schiphol airport. It is a wide-open area, all these farms. Well, actually, the area itself used to be a lake not even 150 years ago. So, it is all completely artificial lands here. And it's all square, so highly intensive. Very industrialized, and this is now a potato farm. 17 Picture 10. Potato farm in the Netherlands in the surroundings of the Schiphol airport. Note: we covered the face in the pic for the sake of anonymization. The Schiphol airport is there as well, which is one of the biggest airports now in in the world. So, the farmers I used to live with, one of them is 65 years old. I think they're sort of survivors of this system we are in. The system where you must become bigger and grow or you will go bankrupt. And many of them do (go bankrupt) in the Netherlands. So that's that explains to me why there is only one way forward for farmers in the Netherlands. In the potato industry, yes, but also in the livestock industry: it is to grow bigger and bigger, more intensive. Another thing about this farmer is that, yeah, he is 65 years old now. He is battling leukemia for a while now. And I always kind of wondered, because you can't prove this, but I was always wondering like: is it because of the pesticides? Is it because of Schiphol airport, which is next doors? What is it? And then that that's kind of really. Sad to think about. The whole Schiphol airport meanwhile is trying to get the land so they're trying to acquire. Sometimes, you know, somewhat threatening and forceful way they are trying to acquire this land of the farmer. So far not successful, but I think it's only a matter of time. 18 Picture 11. Amsterdam Schiphol airport potential expansion threatening farmer’s land. The point here is these farmers, while they are industrial scale farmers, I think they're not to blame for that. They were just surviving in the only way you could survive. My fear is that this system is now being exported, or is already exported across the world, and also to Brazil. This way of working with the lands which somehow makes sense in the Netherlands, where everything is artificial, the farming is also somewhat industrial and artificial, but you don't have to export it everywhere. And that's what I really fear. That we are losing all this diversity. And instead, we are only going to get one style of standard farm, the same across the world. And that's just sad. Then coming to what I want to change them. I want not to blame these farmers or the livestock farmers, even the mega stable livestock farmers. I want to draw the attention as much as possible to the financial institutions, like the big banks that are creating a system where you can only survive in one very particular, very intensive, very industrial way. I want to blame and do something with, or against, the industrial, the food industry, the agro industry. That is, is in the same way also, narrowing what it what the possibilities and the range of possibilities for farmers. So, regulate them as much as possible. Also here in the Netherlands, I think we need to start thinking about, we must not just think about, but we must decrease our animal protein consumption dramatically. So, eat less animals. We must do this, I think, faster than the rest of the world, because of justice. Climate justice reasons. And again, then you could say, ok, this is up to the consumers, but I don't think so. Again, I think you should always look up to where the money is. And in this case, for example, with protein consumption, this is the supermarkets. They can change this, and we must regulate them. That's my story.” (SB member from NGO & Academia) 19 Systems Mapping Based on the stories from the previous section, and our research on the case study so far, the chart below illustrates our systems map (onion diagram), which includes some of the different factors influencing our case study (key system). Chart 1. Map with key systems including factors affecting the case trade Table 3. Some key relationships between factors emerging from the stories Ecological • Species with high ecosystem value (e.g, peatlands in the Netherlands, which are carbon sinkers and biodiversity hotspots) threatened by intensive farming • Animals lose their habitats and migrate to cities in Cerrado Telecoupled Beef and Soy Trade – Brazil – EU/Netherlands IPLC have their territories threatened by soy farming and cattle ranching expansion Soy infrastructures (e.g.) affect people and landscape in the Amazon Animals lose habitats and migrate to cities due to soy in Cerrado People and ecosystems poisoned by agrochemicals/pesticides pollution in the Amazon and Cerrado Intensive farming system in the NL dependent on Brazilian soy imports Trading companies disclose sourcing information Environmental racism of soy agribusiness expansion and related infrastructures in the Amazon Financial system/Banks push farmers into intensive farming system (go big or go bankrupt) Free-Trade Agreements and CAP reinforce intensive farming Agro-chemical and pesticide MNCs provide inputs to /depend on industrialized soy farming Retailers could pressure for more sustainable beef & soy production & trade Residues of beef production in Brazil pollute rivers, kill fishes, resulting in mosquitoes’ proliferation NGOs & farmers alliances to protest in Brussels against Trade Agreements pushing intensive soy & beef production Peatlands and their environmental services threatened by intensive farming in the Netherlands Consumers reducing animal protein consumption could reduce intensive beef & soy trade, and help biodiversity Local production systems/value chains, such as handicrafts and ecological tourism, in Cerrado and the Amazon could be alternatives to soy and beef expansion and pressures Institutional support to farmers in the Netherlands to transition from conventional to agroecological model can help reduce intensive soy & beef farming and trade Technical, diplomatic, and environmental justice challenges for EUDR implementation Policies that promote the principle of Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) of indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLC) in the Amazon and Cerrado could precede any type of soy & beef expansion in the Amazon & Cerrado 20 • Dairy industry in the Netherlands highly dependent on only few species (e.g., Holstein Friesian cattle; and English ryegrass for feeding), preventing variety, and representing monocultures. Economic • Financial sector is a lock-in protecting the conventional production system; it prevents farmers to transition to agroecological production models • Agro chemicals/Pesticide MNCs profit from conventional intensive farming system • Retailers and consumers have power to change consumption patterns, especially in the Netherlands • Trading companies (e.g., Cargil, AMD, Bunge, etc.) profit from conventional production & trade of soy and beef, and can hinder changes towards a more sustainable model • Alternative production models (e.g., ecological tourism in the Amazon/Cerrado) could bring development without intensive soy & beef farming Social • Local peoples, communities and ecosystems poisoned by pesticides in the Amazon and Cerrado • Resistances to agribusiness expansion/trade exist to both in Brazil’s Amazon and Cerrado (Indigenous, peasants, Afro-descendants, women, etc.) and in the Netherlands (NGOs, agroecology farmers, etc.). Political • Social movements pressure governments to change Free-trade agreements and policies (e.g., CAP) • EUDR should align with national policies (Brazil, Netherlands), but voices of marginalised groups have yet to be heard in re-assessing the regulation Leverage Points The stories presented in the workshop demonstrate different possibilities of transformations for better prioritising biodiversity at different levels of change (intra-personal, inter-personal, and/or institutional). Inspired by these stories, we discussed, also during the workshop, the Leverage Points (LPs) more closely associated with each of the interventions (for transformative change) highlighted in each story. The table below summarizes what was shared in each story, considering in particular the “post its” written by participants in the Miro Board, but also the comments during the plenary session. Each story, aligned with interventions and leverage 21 point, proposes a unique narrative of change. In later stages of the case study, we can potentially delve deeper into these stories, in connection with other research outputs (interviews, lit reviews, etc.), to propose an integrated narrative of change for the case study. Table 4. Interventions and Leverage Points emerging from the stories Story Intervention(s) LPs A Children and rural development in the Cerrado. Concretely, more access to companies’ sourcing polygons. On a deeper level, the development of rural areas through alternative production systems. Intervention 1: Public sharing of commodity origination/polygon data (anonymized/aggregated) Who starts: Companies Who else participates: Government, Civil society, Local communities Intervention 2: Valuing forest people’s socio-biodiversity value chains LPs associated with Intervention 2: Valuing forest people’s socio-biodiversity value chains MATERIAL -Access to the adequate technology PROCESSES -Subsidies -Access to markets DESIGN -Support of the public sector to value chains of sociobiodiversity products INTENT Strengthen the understanding that a full life comes from health, peace and abundance rather than the accumulation of capital In order to: Make it possible to value agricultural production oriented towards the health and nutrition of people and the environment Story B Macaws in urban Brasília, visitors or victims from habitat loss? Chapada dos Veadeiros national park and soy plantations “right on the edge” of the protected area. Valuing the preservation of native vegetation and biodiversity Who starts: Government, Companies, Civil society Who else participates: Government MATERIAL -Reduce the volumes (of soy and beef) exported -Reduce the planted areas - Improvement in transport and storage logistics to avoid losses and waste PROCESSES -Political willingness -Investments -Engagement of producers DESIGN -Payment for ecosystem services -Expansion of existing regulations for the Amazon to include the Cerrado -Carbon credits INTENT -A change in values about progress and development C Mobilizing against trade agreements that support Reform of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Who starts: EU Commission MATERIAL -Reduce amount of soy imported to Europe/Netherlands 22 large scale farming. Moving towards agroecology and food sovereignty. Who else participates: Social movements and Peasant’s organisations PROCESSES -Political climate (rise of the extreme right in Europe) -Group of new farmers wanting to move towards agroecology -Ability of social movements to articulate -Citizens’s awareness of soy problematic DESIGN -Reform Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) to stop subsidy for agri-business and industrial agriculture and to support agroecology and small-scale farming INTENT -Move from intensive and export-oriented paradigm towards agroecological paradigm that respects nature, respects the rights of peasants all over the world and that is based on solidarity between the Global South and North D Amazon schoolteachers and students poisoned by soy agrotoxins. Cattle farming amid a lonely Chesnutt tree, “as if the tree could live without the forest that surrounds it.” We need another type of involvement with the forest! Tackling air pollution caused by agrotoxins in Santarém (Amazon) Who starts: Soy Companies Who else participates: State Public Prosecutor's Office; Local networks of activists MATERIAL -Gradual reduction of soy plantations in the region PROCESSES -Lack of information from local society about the real problems caused by agricultural pesticides -Inform the local population about the value of land, not the price imposed on the economic system DESIGN -Communication to the international public about the real problems caused by soy -Technological innovation to agroforestry products -Brazil stopping to import agrotoxins which are forbidden in other countries INTENT -Awareness about alternative production models with involve local communities -Working on the perception that another economy is possible E Environmental racism. “When Cargill operations were set up in the region, they destroyed the local beach called Vera Paz,” a space for popular leisure activities. They argued that it was “a beach for the poor, black, and vagabond.” This shows how agribusiness’ “rational logic of development” is actually “racist, violent, A documentary/film about soy-driven environmental racism in Santarém (Amazon) Who starts: Quilombola Federation; Indigenous Counsel of the Santarem Plateau; CITA Who else participates: International organizations; State Public Prosecutor's Office; NGOs; Human rights organizations MATERIAL -Structure for documentary production: -Digital camera -Tripod -Recorder and microphone -Headphones -Lighting PROCESSES -Access to Financing. -Partnership with NGOs DESIGN --- 23 genocidal,” aiming to clear the territory to open the space for soy. INTENT --- F Petland degradation in the Netherlands as a consequence of intensive livestock farming. Petland moss are active witnesses of soy histories and their repercussions. The Petland moss “records all of the different things that humans do to that specific landscape. (...) it records the excessive amount of nutrients. That is, animal farming, and by extension, what soy farming brings to this area." Intervention1: Understanding historical perspectives on soy-based agriculture and how it changed spatial and temporal imaginations of different landscapes; Intervention 2: Bring historical perspectives into public debates/cultural imagination Who starts: preferably communities themselves with support of researchers; Cultural institutions, rituals, education institutes have a role to play in how we envision the world and what knowledge humans carry into them. Who else participates: politicians would profit from long-term perspectives Intervention 2: Bring historical perspectives into public debates/cultural imagination MATERIAL - Stop imagination of inevitability of soy-based agriculture (imaginations of unending frontiers, growth, detachment from environmental conditions). PROCESSES - Build up vocabulary to intervene - Stop structurally underfunding the humanities DESIGN -Changes in education - Environment and environmental health not as a given precondition to education or cultural output. INTENT - Multiplicities of history material and more-thanhuman agency of the environment - Move beyond non-linear interpretations of history (highlight contingencies of history) G Mosquitoes and a plantbased natural repellent in connection to soy. Soy farming feeds beef exporting industries in Southern Brazil. The widespread use of “agrochemicals in crop plantation, and the waste, the residues of the meat production” are “leaking into the rivers. The fish is unable to survive, (…) and a lot of mosquitoes proliferate.” Shape (soy & beef) stories according to different audiences Who starts: Researchers/academia Who else participates: Diverse actors that inform our research, being affected by and/or affecting the soybean chain, for example. Media outlets MATERIAL - What kind of knowledges should we include or exclude from our stories? PROCESSES - How can the circulation of these stories, reshaped to address specific audiences, can permeate new narratives and imaginaries? - More avenues, outside academic ones, to open communication DESIGN - How can, from audience focused stories, can we open up discussions on the inclusion/exclusion of others? - Moving from the "self" to "others" INTENT - The formative role of these stories in affecting perceptions AND practices -Coexistences H A story about the farming system in the Netherlands, the Schiphol airport, and the sectors that can kick start the change in the system: Intervention 1: Deforestation financing ban (Regulate banks and agribusiness) Who starts: EU Who else participates: Other regions (esp. Brazil). ** LPs for Intervention 1: Deforestation financial ban MATERIAL Stop money flow to deforestation PROCESSES --- DESIGN - Develop robust deforestation ban in bank portfolios - Increase transparency in global supply chains 24 finance, food and retail sectors! Intervention 2: Reduce share of animal proteins in food supply Who starts: Supermarkets Who else participates: Other value chain actors INTENT - Environmental justice as leading paradigm Source: notes produced by participants during the workshop. Miro Boards: https://miro.com/app/board/uXjVK41pCuA=/ https://miro.com/app/board/uXjVK3F7hgk=/ Monitoring & Indicators Table 5. Some indicators to monitor the interventions proposed in the stories Story/Intervention(s)/Specific action Indicators B/Valuing the preservation of native vegetation and biodiversity 1) Expansion of existing regulations for the Amazon to include the Cerrado (other wooded lands) – more restricted EUDR / Forest Code/ Expansion of the Soy Moratorium - Indicator related to monitoring legislation - Indicator to monitor the growth in the area covered by the Soy Moratorium - Indicator of number of producers who opt for preservation despite having the possibility of legally deforesting 2) Payment for ecosystem services (PES) - Indicators of growth in the number of recipients of PES - Indicators of the amounts of money received 3) Carbon credits - Indicator: level of access for small, medium and large producers to participate in carbon credit projects C/ Reform of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 1) Monitor the quantity of resources ($) allocated to small agroecology farmers D/ Tackling air pollution caused by agrotoxins in Santarém (Amazon) 1) Inter-crossing data for a given geographical space. More holistic understanding of interlocking impacts of soy production & livestock farming & deforestation & mining & etc. (other socio-environmental phenomena in the region) as co-constitutive, not isolated processes. How to produce: research institutes (e.g., Fiocruz, academia), but also other types of organisations Comments during plenary: Connected with concept of Sacrifice Zones, & environmental (in)justice/intersectionality H/ Intervention 1: Deforestation financing ban (Regulate banks and agribusiness) / Regulate the financial sector 1) Proposal from the European Commission on regulation of the financial sector (foreseen in EUDR review 2024 and CSDDD in a few years) 25 2) Adoption of regulation in the EU under the European Union Deforestation or CSDDD that prohibits the financing of deforestation, forest degradation and related human rights violations 3) Adoption in other regions of regulations to prevent waterbed effect with priority for rules in Brazil for Brazilian banks and investors (green taxonomy expected this year). H/ Intervention 1: Deforestation financing ban (Regulate banks and agribusiness) / Develop new financial instruments for agro-ecology and community forest management 1) NGO Defund Deforestation coalitions develop stronger Finance for Solutions workstreams and reach out to policy makers 2) Public finance for agriculture shift towards agro-ecology and community forest management in line with CBD targets and defunds harmful sectors 3) New financial products and organisations gain visibility and scale H/ Intervention 2: Reduce share of animal proteins in food supply/ Reduce meat consumption 1) Level of consumption of meat in EU 2) Adopted policies to reduce meat intake and processed foods, for example in ready-made meals H/ Intervention 2: Reduce share of animal proteins in food supply/ Stop expansion of industrial livestock sector 1) Number of industrial farms in EU 2) Volume importation of soy for feedstock industrial farms 3) Growth in agro-ecological farms 4) Policies to halt expansion of industrial farms and number of animals Barriers & Opportunities for Broader Change In Table 6, the broader impacts presented are not organized by order of story (A, B, C…F), but according to the order in which they appeared in the discussion. This preserves the flow of the discussion, allowing us to observe which comment/topic/point triggered (paved the way for) the emergence of the subsequent comment/topic/point raised. Table 6. Some indicators to monitor the interventions proposed in the stories Story/Intervention(s) Broader Impacts B/Valuing the preservation of native vegetation and biodiversity ● Voluntary sustainability standards that strengthen the focus on the social/human rights dimensions. ● More effective and truly inclusive inter-stakeholders’ dialogues (beyond the formal procedure). Comments during plenary: A documentary (film) is a practical intervention that can contribute to more effective dialogues. Because it allows different stakeholders to engage (and truly include) local communities. A potential barrier for this is that territories