Harmonised boundary layer wind profile dataset from six ground-based doppler wind lidars in a transect across Paris (France) from 2022-06-10 to 2024-03-05
Abstract
This is an outdated version of this dataset. Please use the latest version instead. Quality controlled and harmonized dataset on wind direction and wind speed profiles from ground-based Doppler Wind LIDARS (DWL), deployed in a multi-institutional effort along a 40 km transect through the centre of the Paris Metropolitan area (France) for the period 2022-06-10 to 2024-03-05. The dataset, its derivation, quality control and evaluation against radiosondes and in-situ observations are decribed in the following manuscript: Morrison, W., Looschelders, D., Céspedes, J., Claxton, B., Drouin, M.-A., Dupont, J.-C., Faucheux, A., Haeffelin, M., Holst, C. C., Kotthaus, S., Masson, V., McGregor, J., Price, J., Zeeman, M., Grimmond, S., and Christen, A.: Harmonised boundary layer wind profile dataset from six ground-based doppler wind lidars in a transect across Paris, France, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-167, 2025. Preview graphs for the full dataset on a daily basis (wind speed, wind direction, wind barbs) are available here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15090857 Continuous data availability consists of Extensive Operation Period (EOP) with 3 DWLs from June 10, 2022 – March 05, 2024 Two Intensive Observation Periods (IOPs) with six DWL over 9 weeks in September 2023 to December 2023. Detailed data availability per site along with weather conditions and classifications can be found in the files "paris_dwl_L3V1.39_data_availability_weather.pdf" and "paris_dwl_L3V1.39_data_availability_weather.xlsx". Data are provided in daily NetCDF files in two temporal resolutions of 10 minutes ("_600s") and 1 hour ("_3600s"). All dates / times are in UTC. Files are packaged by year and month using the following name convention "paris_dwl_L3VX.XX_YYYY_MM_RRRRs.tar.gz", where X.XX is the version number, YYYY refers to the year, (2022-2024) MM to the month of the year (01-12), and RRRR is the time resolution with "600s" and "3600s". NetCDF files contain the following fields: standard_name (Variable name) Dimensions Description time 1 Timestamp: end of time interval. 600 s and 3600 s time intervals are provided, in separate data files (600 s e.g. 00:00:01 → 00:10:00 and 3600 s e.g. 00:00:01 → 01:00:00). All variables are harmonised to this resolution as averages (e.g. wind) or percentage occurrence (e.g. flags) altitude 1 Altitude of centre of each measurement gate above mean sea level (m). Harmonised gates are 25 m from 0 – 6500 m with values linearly interpolated to this resolution station 1 Measurement location identifier (see table below), all are listed even if no valid data are retrieved during the file’s date. eastward_wind (u) 3 Mean eastward wind component (m s-1) using all valid samples within time interval northward_wind (v) 3 Mean northward wind component (m s-1) using all valid samples within time interval wind_speed (ws) 3 Horizontal wind speed calculated from eastward_wind and northward_wind (m s-1) wind_from_direction (wd) 3 Horizontal wind direction calculated from eastward_wind and northward_wind (degrees from true north) system_id 2 Serial number of sensor deployed at station at a given time latitude (station_lat) 1 Latitude of the measurement station (degrees, decimal, WGS84) longitude (station_lon) 1 Longitude of the measurement station (degrees, decimal, WGS84) station_altitude 1 Measurement station height above ground level (m). Ground level is the “street” level so if the station is on a rooftop, the height will accounts for the building height and any mounting structure station_height 1 Average height of station above sea level (reference_geoid: EGM96) (m) n_rays_in_scan 2 Number of rays in a scan. e.g. 12 for a VAD scan that has 12 samples within one scan n_pulses 2 Number of pulses in a given ray. More pulses, the higher the integration time raw_gate_length 2 Gate length prior to L3 aggregation (m) flag_suspect_retrieval_warn 3 Percentage of values within time interval with retrieval warning not linked to low signal (flag_low_signal_warn_pc) or out of range (flag_ws_out_of_range_removed_pc). Retrievals retained but treat with caution flag_suspect_retrieval_removed 3 Percentage of values within time interval with retrieval error not linked to low signal (flag_low_signal_warn_pc) or out of range (flag_ws_out_of_range_removed_pc). Data removed flag_low_signal_warn 3 Percentage of values within time interval with a low SNR. Retrievals retained but treat with caution flag_low_signal_removed 3 Percentage of values within time interval with a low SNR. Retrieval rejected flag_ws_out_of_range_removed 3 Percentage of values within time interval with wind speed outside reasonable retrievable range (> 60 m s-1) (i.e. removed). Evaluated after all other retrieval QC
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Date Year Day of year Day of week IOP and Radiosoundings Number of DWLs operational (max = 6) Data availability PAROIS DWL Data availability PACHEM DWL Data availability PAJUSS DWL Data availability PALUPD DWL Data availability PAARBO DWL Data availability PASIRT DWL Mean wind direction (300 m) from all running DWLs Mean wind direction category (300 m) from DWLs Mean vector wind speed (300m) from all running DWLs Solar radiation (clear, few, broken, overcast - in Paris area based on daytime conditions) Precipitation (mm day-1) MF Montsouris Weather Station Mean air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris Min air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris Max air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris mean wind direction (°) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean wind direction category from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of N wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of NE wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of E wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of SE wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of S wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of SW wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of W wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of NW wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean scalar wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean vector wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Maximum wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl ID of "Grosswetterlage" (Hess and Brezowsky) Synotic conditions Meridional (m), zonal (z) or mixed Anticyclonic (A), cyclonic (C), or mixed (M) Description of "Grosswetterlage" (Hess and Brezowsky) 2022-06-10 2022 165 620% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 238 SW 4.8 Broken 019.6 14.3 23.6 231 SW 0 0 0 0 0.12 0.54 0.33 03.68 3.35 7.6 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-06-11 2022 165 720% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 334 NW 3.9 Broken 020.9 16.0 26.3 322 NW 0.42 000000.38 0.21 43.22 8.7 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-06-12 2022 165 1 2 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 343 N5.4 Broken 019.2 14.4 24.6 329 NW 0.38 0000000.62 5.87 5.6 9.8 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-06-13 2022 165 2 2 0% 0% 95% 0% 0% 100% 10 N4.8 Few 018.5 12.9 23.9 2 N 0.46 0.21 0.08 00000.25 5.49 4.18 9.8 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-06-14 2022 165 3 3 58% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 77 E5.5 Few 021.3 13.9 27.4 83 E 0 0.08 0.92 000005.65 5.53 10 HM Mixed AHigh over Central Europe 2022-06-15 2022 166 4 3 95% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 33 NE 6Few 024.3 16.6 30.9 37 NE 0.38 0.21 0.29 00000.12 5.51 4.31 9.5 HM Mixed AHigh over Central Europe 2022-06-16 2022 167 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 36 NE 4.6 Few 024.3 18.2 30.3 38 NE 0.21 0.75 0.04 000004.05 3.81 7.5 HM Mixed AHigh over Central Europe 2022-06-17 2022 168 6379% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 151 SE 4.5 Clear 027.2 19.1 34.9 149 SE 0 0 0.12 0.21 0.46 0.21 0 0 3.92 3.05 8.4 HM Mixed AHigh over Central Europe 2022-06-18 2022 169 7366% 0% 100% 0% 0% 91% 163 S6.3 Clear 029.7 21.2 36.7 164 S 0 0 0 0.46 0.5 0.04 0 0 6.28 5.68 15 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2022-06-19 2022 170 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 16 N7.4 Broken 019.8 15.4 26.7 14 N0.42 0.46 000000.12 6.98 6.36 14.6 HB Meridional AHigh over the British Isles 2022-06-20 2022 171 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 47 NE 6.4 Broken 5.6 18.4 14.7 23.0 44 NE 0.08 0.75 0.12 00000.04 6.02 5.41 11.7 HB Meridional AHigh over the British Isles 2022-06-21 2022 172 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 56 NE 5.3 Broken 8.3 21.2 14.9 27.3 57 NE 0.17 0.54 0.21 0.08 0 0 0 0 4.9 4.53 9.8 HB Meridional AHigh over the British Isles 2022-06-22 2022 173 4 3 95% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 63 NE 5.1 Broken 0.8 21.1 16.7 26.0 67 NE 00.42 0.58 000004.91 4.75 8.8 HB Meridional AHigh over the British Isles 2022-06-23 2022 174 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 212 SW 5.3 Broken 023.5 18.5 28.4 216 SW 0 0 0.04 0.04 0.38 0.33 0.21 04.18 3.22 7.9 Sz Meridional CCyclonic Southerly 2022-06-24 2022 175 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 227 SW 7.8 Broken 020.8 17.5 25.0 224 SW 000000.92 0.08 05.83 5.7 13.1 Sz Meridional CCyclonic Southerly 2022-06-25 2022 176 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 210 SW 5.7 Overcast 9.5 17.1 14.1 19.0 204 SW 0 0 0 0 0.58 0.42 0 0 5.01 4.86 11.6 Sz Meridional CCyclonic Southerly 2022-06-26 2022 177 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 208 SW 4.5 Broken 0.8 18.0 13.2 23.0 217 SW 0 0 0 0 0.58 0.17 0.25 04.31 3.14 10.2 Sz Meridional CCyclonic Southerly 2022-06-27 2022 178 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 275 W5.4 Broken 019.2 15.2 24.0 270 W0.08 0 0 0 0 0.17 0.71 0.04 5.51 4.78 9.6 Sz Meridional CCyclonic Southerly 2022-06-28 2022 179 3 3 91% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 156 SE 4.2 Broken 021.6 13.9 27.9 239 SW 0.04 0.17 0.12 0.04 0.25 0.21 0.12 0.04 3.91 0.46 9.2 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2022-06-29 2022 180 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 256 W4.9 Broken 021.2 15.4 27.3 255 W0.04 0 0 0 0.04 0.5 0.33 0.08 3.89 3.23 9.1 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2022-06-30 2022 181 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 230 SW 4.4 Overcast 015.3 12.8 18.5 230 SW 0 0 0 0 0.21 0.46 0.33 03.48 2.85 8.1 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2022-07-01 2022 182 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 257 W4.8 Broken 11.7 17.1 11.7 22.2 258 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.29 0.71 04.56 4.34 8.3 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2022-07-02 2022 183 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 215 SW 4.3 Few 0.2 20.8 12.0 27.5 233 SW 0.08 0 0 0.04 0.46 0.17 0.08 0.17 3.28 1.09 9.5 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-07-03 2022 184 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 332 NW 5.5 Broken 019.7 15.2 24.8 320 NW 0.21 000000.21 0.58 5.1 4.63 7.9 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-07-04 2022 185 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 332 NW 5Clear 020.2 13.7 26.7 323 NW 0.17 000000.08 0.75 4.42 4.23 9.8 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-07-05 2022 186 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 339 N5.9 Few 019.8 13.8 26.0 331 NW 0.25 0000000.75 5.64 5.42 9.5 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-07-06 2022 187 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 346 N5.5 Broken 020.7 14.4 26.6 333 NW 0.12 0.12 0.08 00000.67 5.13 4.36 10.2 Nz Meridional CCyclonic Northerly 2022-07-07 2022 188 5 3 95% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 346 N7.6 Broken 019.0 16.0 21.7 338 N0.46 0000000.54 7.71 6.96 11.7 Nz Meridional CCyclonic Northerly 2022-07-08 2022 189 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 35 NE 5.8 Clear 020.7 12.9 27.8 28 NE 0.46 0.54 0000005.41 5.12 10.2 Nz Meridional CCyclonic Northerly 2022-07-09 2022 190 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 20 N5.9 Broken 023.0 17.4 29.9 15 N0.62 0.33 000000.04 5.45 5.13 11.4 Na Meridional AAnticyclonic Northerly 2022-07-10 2022 191 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 51 NE 7.7 Clear 021.6 14.6 28.3 49 NE 00.92 0.08 000006.97 6.78 10.4 Na Meridional AAnticyclonic Northerly 2022-07-11 2022 192 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 69 E7.1 Clear 024.7 18.2 30.8 73 E 0 0.46 0.54 000007.09 6.96 10.5 Na Meridional AAnticyclonic Northerly 2022-07-12 2022 193 3 3 75% 0% 100% 0% 0% 87% 113 SE 4.3 Few 026.8 19.2 33.6 114 SE 00.04 0.54 0.42 00003.85 3.49 8.6 Na Meridional AAnticyclonic Northerly 2022-07-13 2022 194 4 3 70% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 240 SW 4.9 Few 028.5 21.2 36.6 240 SW 0.25 0 0 0.04 0.21 0.33 0.17 04.13 1.34 9.2 Nwa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2022-07-14 2022 195 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 336 NW 6.7 Few 025.5 19.8 30.8 326 NW 0.17 0.08 00000.12 0.62 6.65 5.73 11.1 Nwa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2022-07-15 2022 196 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 35 NE 6.2 Clear 022.1 16.2 27.4 31 NE 0.29 0.71 0000005.62 5.46 10 Nwa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2022-07-16 2022 197 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 46 NE 5.7 Few 023.3 15.9 29.7 44 NE 0.12 0.88 0000005.22 5.05 12.2 HM Mixed AHigh over Central Europe 2022-07-17 2022 198 1 3 91% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 83 E6.2 Few 025.5 18.0 32.7 87 E 0 0.08 0.88 0.04 00005.91 5.69 10.7 HM Mixed AHigh over Central Europe 2022-07-18 2022 199 2 3 62% 0% 100% 0% 0% 87% 124 SE 6Clear 029.7 20.2 38.3 130 SE 0 0 0.29 0.67 0.04 0006.18 5.84 11.4 HM Mixed AHigh over Central Europe 2022-07-19 2022 200 3 3 62% 0% 100% 0% 0% 95% 174 S9.1 Clear 031.3 23.3 40.4 173 S 0 0 0 0.5 0.17 0.12 0.21 09.99 6.66 14.9 Swa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-07-20 2022 201 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 219 SW 5.4 Broken 020.7 17.7 25.2 220 SW 0 0 0 0 0.42 0.25 0.25 0.08 5.5 3.85 10.9 Swa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-07-21 2022 202 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 331 NW 5.1 Broken 722.2 18.2 27.7 320 NW 0.08 0.25 00000.46 0.21 4.64 2.51 8.7 Swa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-07-22 2022 203 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 48 NE 4.4 Broken 021.2 17.3 25.7 49 NE 0.29 0.17 0.42 00000.12 3.95 2.95 8.2 Swa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-07-23 2022 204 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 309 NW 3.7 Broken 1.6 22.0 19.1 27.0 300 NW 0.08 0.08 00000.5 0.33 3.49 2.82 6.9 Swa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-07-24 2022 205 1 3 87% 0% 100% 0% 0% 91% 170 S5.6 Clear 026.2 18.3 33.4 160 S 0 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.71 0004.94 3.74 7.1 Swa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-07-25 2022 206 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 279 W8.7 Broken 023.2 19.1 27.8 279 W 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.08 0.58 0.29 8.33 7.56 14 Swa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-07-26 2022 207 3 3 79% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 309 NW 5.4 Broken 019.7 17.2 22.7 298 NW 0.12 000000.62 0.25 5.77 5.26 10.6 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-07-27 2022 208 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 52 NE 6.1 Broken 020.6 14.8 26.5 51 NE 0.08 0.88 0.04 00000 5.2 5.06 9.5 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-07-28 2022 209 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 39 NE 4.8 Broken 021.7 16.5 27.5 45 NE 0.38 0.17 0.29 0.04 0000.12 4.42 2.99 9.7 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-07-29 2022 210 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 7 N 3.8 Broken 023.9 17.1 29.6 350 N0.12 0.38 00000.21 0.29 3.64 2.39 8.8 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-07-30 2022 211 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 326 NW 4.4 Broken 024.7 18.4 30.1 318 NW 0.08 0.12 0.08 0.04 0.04 00.33 0.29 3.8 2.55 8.3 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-07-31 2022 212 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 306 NW 5.6 Broken 023.1 18.9 28.8 298 NW 0.08 000000.42 0.5 5.03 4.84 8.2 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-08-01 2022 213 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 315 NW 4Broken 023.0 20.2 27.3 303 NW 0.08 000000.38 0.54 3.63 3.32 6.9 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-08-02 2022 214 3 3 91% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 357 N3.2 Few 025.0 18.8 31.6 351 N0.29 0.21 0000.04 0.33 0.12 2.5 1.63 6.7 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-08-03 2022 215 4 3 62% 0% 100% 0% 0% 75% 93 E3.8 Few 028.4 20.5 35.8 97 E0.12 0.12 0.08 0.17 0.38 0.08 0.04 03.49 1.34 7.3 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-08-04 2022 216 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 349 N5.8 Broken 023.8 18.4 28.6 341 N0.62 0000000.38 5.38 5.06 9.5 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-08-05 2022 217 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 352 N6.6 Broken 3.4 20.6 16.2 26.0 343 N0.38 0.08 000000.54 6.61 5.91 11.5 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-08-06 2022 218 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 45 NE 9.4 Clear 4.7 20.1 13.7 25.7 44 NE 010000009.66 9.58 14.2 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-08-07 2022 219 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 36 NE 9.5 Clear 021.6 14.5 28.0 36 NE 0.17 0.83 0000009.65 9.47 15.3 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2022-08-08 2022 220 2 2 41% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 36 NE 8.5 Clear 022.9 15.7 29.5 34 NE 010000008.75 8.7 13.9 Nea Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2022-08-09 2022 221 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 36 NE 8.6 Clear 024.5 17.0 31.9 32 NE 0.08 0.92 000000 7.8 7.75 14.3 Nea Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2022-08-10 2022 222 4 3 83% 0% 100% 0% 0% 79% 68 E7.2 Clear 026.3 18.8 33.4 65 NE 00.62 0.38 000007.02 6.84 10.8 Nea Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2022-08-11 2022 223 5 3 95% 0% 100% 0% 0% 87% 85 E 8 Clear 026.9 20.0 33.1 84 E 0 0.21 0.79 000007.92 7.71 11.4 Nea Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2022-08-12 2022 224 6375% 0% 100% 0% 0% 75% 88 E7.3 Clear 027.7 20.4 34.5 92 E 0 0 0.96 0.04 00007.35 7.23 13.4 Nea Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2022-08-13 2022 225 7383% 0% 100% 0% 0% 87% 105 E7.3 Clear 027.2 20.5 33.2 107 E 0 0 0.71 0.29 00006.87 6.72 13.5 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2022-08-14 2022 226 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 193 S6.5 Broken 022.4 17.8 28.2 199 S 0 0 0.12 0.17 0.12 0.46 0.12 05.82 3.49 11.5 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2022-08-15 2022 227 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 230 SW 5.2 Broken 11.3 20.8 16.4 26.9 229 SW 0 0 0 0.12 0.25 0.33 0.25 0.04 4.41 3.27 9.9 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2022-08-16 2022 228 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 169 S4.7 Broken 0.2 21.0 17.8 28.3 157 SE 00.12 0.08 0.21 0.33 0.21 0.04 04.21 2.48 11.5 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2022-08-17 2022 229 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 174 S3.9 Broken 47 20.3 17.6 27.6 176 S0.08 00.04 0.04 0.54 0.12 0.08 0.08 3.42 2.65 10.4 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2022-08-18 2022 230 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 325 NW 4.6 Broken 0.4 22.5 17.0 28.2 317 NW 0.12 00.04 0.04 0 0 0.12 0.67 4.84 4.35 10.5 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2022-08-19 2022 231 620% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 297 NW 4.9 Broken 0.2 20.5 17.4 24.4 290 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.5 0.42 5.66 5.45 10.1 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2022-08-20 2022 232 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 307 NW 4.9 Broken 0.8 19.9 14.2 25.3 294 NW 0.04 000000.54 0.33 4.98 4.61 9.9 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2022-08-21 2022 233 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 181 S4.8 Broken 021.2 15.3 26.8 179 S 0 0 0.12 0.25 0.33 0.12 00.17 4.33 1.77 8.1 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2022-08-22 2022 234 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 246 SW 4.2 Broken 021.7 16.9 26.4 256 W 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.38 0.38 0.17 3.35 2.75 6NEa Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2022-08-23 2022 235 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 270 W3.4 Broken 023.2 18.6 28.0 269 W0.04 0.04 0000.33 0.38 0.17 2.28 1.55 8NEa Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2022-08-24 2022 236 4 3 75% 0% 100% 0% 0% 87% 105 E5.1 Few 026.2 19.5 32.7 106 E 0 0.04 0.54 0.38 0.04 0005.09 4.6 9.2 NEa Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2022-08-25 2022 237 5 3 95% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 337 NW 6.6 Few 024.7 19.7 31.0 316 NW 0.04 0 0 0.21 0.12 0.04 0.04 0.54 6.76 2.93 12.1 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2022-08-26 2022 238 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 354 N6.2 Broken 021.8 18.6 26.8 345 N0.62 0000000.38 5.79 5.65 9.8 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2022-08-27 2022 239 720% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 35 NE 5.4 Few 020.9 16.7 25.5 34 NE 0.42 0.58 0000005.69 5.36 7.6 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2022-08-28 2022 240 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 43 NE 7.1 Broken 021.0 15.7 26.8 40 NE 0.04 0.96 0000006.56 6.48 12.6 Hna Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2022-08-29 2022 241 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 40 NE 7.4 Clear 022.6 16.8 29.2 41 NE 0.04 0.96 0000007.09 6.96 13.1 Hna Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe
Date Year Day of year Day of week IOP and Radiosoundings Number of DWLs operational (max = 6) Data availability PAROIS DWL Data availability PACHEM DWL Data availability PAJUSS DWL Data availability PALUPD DWL Data availability PAARBO DWL Data availability PASIRT DWL Mean wind direction (300 m) from all running DWLs Mean wind direction category (300 m) from DWLs Mean vector wind speed (300m) from all running DWLs Solar radiation (clear, few, broken, overcast - in Paris area based on daytime conditions) Precipitation (mm day-1) MF Montsouris Weather Station Mean air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris Min air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris Max air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris mean wind direction (°) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean wind direction category from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of N wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of NE wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of E wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of SE wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of S wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of SW wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of W wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of NW wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean scalar wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean vector wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Maximum wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl ID of "Grosswetterlage" (Hess and Brezowsky) Synotic conditions Meridional (m), zonal (z) or mixed Anticyclonic (A), cyclonic (C), or mixed (M) Description of "Grosswetterlage" (Hess and Brezowsky) 2022-08-30 2022 242 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 15 N5.5 Broken 021.5 15.3 27.7 16 N0.58 0.29 000000.12 4.89 4.58 10.3 Hna Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2022-08-31 2022 243 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 15 N6.2 Broken 2.2 22.0 17.0 27.3 6 N 0.88 0.04 000000.08 5.3 5.2 9HNFa Meridional A High Scandinavia-Iceland, Ridge Central Europe 2022-09-01 2022 244 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 96 E6.1 Broken 022.6 17.4 28.5 97 E 0 0.12 0.71 0.17 00005.34 5.04 12 HNFa Meridional A High Scandinavia-Iceland, Ridge Central Europe 2022-09-02 2022 245 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 113 SE 4.8 Broken 020.7 18.2 24.7 108 E0.04 0.12 0.17 0.12 0.17 0.29 00.08 3.98 1.77 12 HNFa Meridional A High Scandinavia-Iceland, Ridge Central Europe 2022-09-03 2022 246 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 217 SW 5.3 Broken 0.4 20.3 17.7 24.2 213 SW 0 0 0 0 0.38 0.62 0 0 4.11 3.65 9HNFa Meridional A High Scandinavia-Iceland, Ridge Central Europe 2022-09-04 2022 247 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 95% 172 S6.7 Few 022.7 15.5 29.7 168 S 0 0 0 0.42 0.21 0.38 0 0 5.78 4.32 15.6 SEa Meridional AAnticyclonic South-Easterly 2022-09-05 2022 248 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 151 SE 5.6 Broken 022.4 17.3 30.3 150 SE 0.04 00.17 0.42 0.21 00.17 05.44 4.04 11 SEa Meridional AAnticyclonic South-Easterly 2022-09-06 2022 249 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 245 SW 5.5 Broken 11.2 21.5 16.1 29.1 252 W 0 0 0 0 0.33 0.21 0.33 0.12 4.85 3.8 11.9 SEa Meridional AAnticyclonic South-Easterly 2022-09-07 2022 250 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 215 SW 6.6 Overcast 0.4 18.2 15.3 21.9 213 SW 0 0 0 0 0.42 0.58 0 0 5.86 5.62 10.1 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2022-09-08 2022 251 5 2 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 222 SW 8.1 Broken 4.4 18.0 14.9 23.4 219 SW 0 0 0 0 0.17 0.83 0 0 7.82 7.6 14.6 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2022-09-09 2022 252 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 239 SW 10.6 Broken 0.2 16.9 15.1 19.9 240 SW 000000.75 0.25 011.24 10.96 15.9 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2022-09-10 2022 253 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 263 W 7 Broken 3.8 16.5 14.9 19.9 264 W0.04 000000.83 0.12 7.99 7.64 16.2 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2022-09-11 2022 254 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 116 SE 4.3 Broken 5.2 17.5 13.1 23.1 121 SE 0.08 0.12 0.04 0.75 00003.92 3.31 11.5 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2022-09-12 2022 255 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 140 SE 6.5 Few 0.4 20.7 13.9 27.5 142 SE 0 0 0 0.88 0.12 0006.89 6.73 10.5 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2022-09-13 2022 256 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 118 SE 6.3 Broken 022.4 19.5 26.3 120 SE 00.17 0.21 0.46 0.12 0.04 0 0 6.58 4.7 14.8 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2022-09-14 2022 257 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 250 W6.6 Broken 0.4 22.2 19.2 26.5 249 W 0 0 0 0 0.17 0.33 0.29 0.21 5.73 4.35 11.1 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2022-09-15 2022 258 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 341 N5.3 Broken 0.2 18.6 15.2 22.5 328 NW 0.42 000000.21 0.38 5.13 4.56 9.4 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2022-09-16 2022 259 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 349 N6.2 Broken 015.1 11.8 18.7 340 N0.46 0.12 000000.42 6.03 5.65 12.6 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2022-09-17 2022 260 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 333 NW 8.1 Broken 0.2 13.3 10.3 17.1 325 NW 0.08 0000000.92 8.45 8.35 11.9 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2022-09-18 2022 261 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 311 NW 7.4 Broken 014.0 9.0 19.5 305 NW 0000000.29 0.71 7.77 7.4 11.3 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2022-09-19 2022 262 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 3 N 5.9 Broken 014.3 10.6 18.9 2 N 0.71 0.17 000000.12 5.73 5.38 9.4 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2022-09-20 2022 263 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 30 NE 4.1 Broken 013.5 9.5 17.4 31 NE 0.33 0.5 0.08 00000.08 3.76 3.32 9.5 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2022-09-21 2022 264 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 63 NE 5.8 Few 014.5 10.0 19.8 64 NE 00.71 0.29 000005.75 5.61 8.8 HM Mixed AHigh over Central Europe 2022-09-22 2022 265 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 113 SE 3.1 Clear 015.0 9.7 21.0 119 SE 0.08 0.08 0.33 0.38 0.12 0002.96 2.47 6.6 HM Mixed AHigh over Central Europe 2022-09-23 2022 266 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 211 SW 3.6 Broken 015.7 11.0 21.0 210 SW 00.04 00.29 0.21 0.29 0.12 0.04 2.79 1.55 8.9 HM Mixed AHigh over Central Europe 2022-09-24 2022 267 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 346 N4.3 Broken 014.9 13.2 17.5 346 N0.25 0.08 00.08 0.08 0.04 0.29 0.17 3.97 2.63 9.6 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2022-09-25 2022 268 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 7 N 6.6 Broken 3.4 14.9 11.9 20.0 359 N0.58 0.17 00000.04 0.21 6.61 5.81 9.4 TrM Meridional MTrough over Central Europe 2022-09-26 2022 269 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 257 W10.4 Broken 0.2 12.7 11.1 14.9 260 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.42 0.46 0.12 11.43 10.2 15.7 TrM Meridional MTrough over Central Europe 2022-09-27 2022 270 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 267 W9.6 Broken 7.7 12.5 10.7 14.1 267 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.96 011.2 11.05 16.3 TrM Meridional MTrough over Central Europe 2022-09-28 2022 271 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 296 NW 5.6 Broken 5.2 12.5 11.2 15.5 290 W 0000000.67 0.33 6.18 6.03 11.2 TrM Meridional MTrough over Central Europe 2022-09-29 2022 272 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 351 N2.7 Broken 0.2 11.4 9.2 14.8 341 N0.04 0.17 0.21 0.04 00.04 0.42 0.08 2.47 0.56 6.4 TrM Meridional MTrough over Central Europe 2022-09-30 2022 273 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 221 SW 6.1 Broken 2.2 12.8 7.7 18.5 215 SW 00.08 0.08 00.04 0.58 0.04 0.17 5.08 3.62 15.9 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2022-10-01 2022 274 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 251 W11.1 Broken 2.8 16.4 12.3 20.5 251 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.21 0.79 012.12 11.37 17.8 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2022-10-02 2022 275 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 260 W7.9 Broken 115.9 12.1 20.1 257 W0.17 0.21 0000.46 0.12 0.04 7.67 4.92 14.1 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2022-10-03 2022 276 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 87% 109 E3.2 Overcast 2.4 11.9 9.9 14.4 113 SE 00.04 0.33 0.62 00003.35 3.1 5.2 Wa Zonal AAnticyclonic Westerly 2022-10-04 2022 277 3 3 95% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 210 SW 4.8 Few 0.4 13.2 7.5 19.1 204 SW 0 0 0 0.17 0.29 0.54 0 0 3.76 3.22 7.9 Wa Zonal AAnticyclonic Westerly 2022-10-05 2022 278 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 232 SW 10.4 Broken 0.2 16.0 11.4 20.7 233 SW 0 0 0 0 0.12 0.67 0.21 09.07 7.96 16.2 Wa Zonal AAnticyclonic Westerly 2022-10-06 2022 279 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 294 NW 3.8 Few 014.2 10.0 19.4 291 W0.04 0 0 0.04 0 0 0.5 0.42 4.29 4.11 12.4 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-10-07 2022 280 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 243 SW 4.3 Few 013.4 7.7 19.8 248 W 0 0 0 0.04 0.46 0.17 0.29 0.04 3.76 2.57 9.8 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-10-08 2022 281 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 336 NW 6.3 Broken 0.2 13.7 10.3 18.4 325 NW 0.25 0.08 0.17 0000.17 0.33 6.4 3.61 13.4 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-10-09 2022 282 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 138 SE 7.6 Clear 012.8 7.3 19.6 142 SE 0 0 0.12 0.62 0.25 0007.52 6.82 10.5 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-10-10 2022 283 2 2 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 237 SW 6.8 Broken 014.6 9.8 19.4 252 W0.21 0.08 0 0 0.17 0.33 0.17 0.04 5.96 1.97 10 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-10-11 2022 284 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 48 NE 6.4 Few 013.3 9.8 18.0 51 NE 00.88 0.08 0.04 00006.31 612 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-10-12 2022 285 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 213 SW 3.2 Broken 013.6 8.8 19.6 213 SW 0 0 0 0.08 0.21 0.58 0.12 02.38 1.92 6BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2022-10-13 2022 286 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 217 SW 7.7 Overcast 014.2 12.5 15.5 213 SW 0 0 0 0 0.46 0.54 0 0 7.19 6.86 11 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2022-10-14 2022 287 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 242 SW 7.4 Overcast 3.6 15.4 14.2 17.3 245 SW 0 0 0 0 0.17 0.38 0.46 07.93 6.96 13.8 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2022-10-15 2022 288 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 95% 229 SW 10.5 Broken 516.4 15.1 18.7 224 SW 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.79 0.12 07.85 7.41 12.3 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2022-10-16 2022 289 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 190 S6.6 Broken 4.4 17.0 13.9 20.5 190 S 0 0 0 0.25 0.42 0.21 0.12 06.56 5.34 13.6 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2022-10-17 2022 290 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 194 S7.4 Overcast 017.5 16.7 18.7 195 S 0 0 0 0.04 0.67 0.29 0 0 7.09 6.76 13.4 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2022-10-18 2022 291 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 99 E4.9 Overcast 13.3 16.9 15.3 18.6 99 E0.04 0.12 0.67 0.08 0 0 0.04 0.04 4.73 4.37 13.2 HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2022-10-19 2022 292 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 115 SE 10.1 Broken 017.2 14.1 21.6 121 SE 0 0 0.38 0.58 0.04 0 0 0 10.12 9.78 13 HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2022-10-20 2022 293 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 95% 188 S8.4 Broken 0.2 17.6 14.3 22.7 187 S 0 0 0 0.04 0.83 0.12 0 0 8.37 8.04 19 HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2022-10-21 2022 294 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 95% 198 S9.2 Broken 6.2 16.6 13.7 21.0 198 S 0 0 0 0 0.62 0.38 0 0 8.63 8.39 14.9 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2022-10-22 2022 295 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 198 S7.9 Broken 10.1 16.5 13.2 21.9 196 S 0 0 0 0.04 0.54 0.42 0 0 7.69 6.88 15.5 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2022-10-23 2022 296 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 186 S11.8 Broken 0.2 18.2 15.0 23.3 183 S 0 0 0 0.04 0.75 0.21 0 0 12.5 11.96 16.7 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2022-10-24 2022 297 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 217 SW 11.9 Broken 0.2 16.2 14.0 18.5 214 SW 0 0 0 0 0.21 0.79 0 0 10.84 10.59 15.3 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2022-10-25 2022 298 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 177 S7.5 Broken 015.8 13.1 18.6 180 S 0 0 0 0.38 0.21 0.42 0 0 7.56 5.6 13.5 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2022-10-26 2022 299 4 3 100% 0% 58% 0% 0% 100% 198 S8.9 Few 0.2 17.1 13.8 22.3 197 S 0 0 0 0 0.42 0.58 0 0 8.27 7.33 14 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-10-27 2022 300 5 2 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 180 S10.3 Broken 017.5 13.5 23.1 182 S 0 0 0 0.08 0.88 0.04 0 0 11.32 10.97 15.5 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-10-28 2022 301 62100% 0% 45% 0% 0% 100% 203 SW 9.1 Broken 0.2 18.3 15.5 22.8 201 S 0 0 0 0 0.54 0.46 0 0 7.81 7.61 15.3 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-10-29 2022 302 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 199 S9.4 Broken 018.6 15.5 24.3 195 S 0 0 0 0 0.67 0.25 0.08 09.19 8.5 14.4 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-10-30 2022 303 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 217 SW 5.1 Broken 015.5 13.1 18.2 213 SW 0 0 0 0.17 0.12 0.46 0.21 0.04 4.35 2.97 9.6 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-10-31 2022 304 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 163 S8.2 Broken 016.2 12.7 20.5 165 S 0 0 0.08 0.33 0.46 0.12 0 0 8.79 7.37 17.6 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-11-01 2022 305 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 218 SW 11.7 Few 2.2 14.2 10.7 16.9 215 SW 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.75 0 0 10.46 10.07 15.5 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-11-02 2022 306 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 216 SW 9.3 Broken 0.2 12.4 9.8 15.5 219 SW 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.38 0.12 09.57 8.79 13.8 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-11-03 2022 307 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 211 SW 11.3 Overcast 0.2 11.7 9.2 14.8 211 SW 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.38 0.12 011.7 10.56 15.2 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-11-04 2022 308 63100% 0% 87% 0% 0% 100% 292 W8.7 Broken 4.2 10.4 7.6 12.9 288 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.33 0.08 0.58 8.78 5.74 14 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2022-11-05 2022 309 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 234 SW 7.2 Broken 1.8 9.3 6.0 12.9 234 SW 0 0 0 0 0.38 0.25 0.33 0.04 7.36 6.07 11 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2022-11-06 2022 310 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 202 S10 Overcast 010.1 9.0 12.1 203 SW 0 0 0 0 0.67 0.33 0 0 9.94 9.68 11.7 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2022-11-07 2022 311 2 3 100% 0% 95% 0% 0% 100% 206 SW 11.1 Broken 8.7 13.3 10.5 16.5 203 SW 0 0 0 0 0.38 0.62 0 0 10.37 10.12 16.4 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2022-11-08 2022 312 3 3 100% 0% 83% 0% 0% 100% 202 S12.5 Broken 013.4 9.7 17.4 198 S 0 0 0 0 0.79 0.21 0 0 12.38 12.3 16.1 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2022-11-09 2022 313 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 238 SW 9.2 Broken 0.2 12.1 8.4 15.6 240 SW 000000.58 0.42 08.65 8.14 11.6 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2022-11-10 2022 314 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 219 SW 6.1 Broken 0.6 9.3 6.7 11.3 216 SW 0 0 0 0 0.46 0.42 0.12 05.8 4.94 9.1 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-11-11 2022 315 63100% 0% 62% 0% 0% 100% 155 SE 5.6 Broken 0.2 10.1 8.8 12.7 157 SE 0 0 0 0.46 0.54 0005.69 5.61 10.7 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-11-12 2022 316 72100% 0% 25% 0% 0% 83% 147 SE 5Broken 010.7 7.5 14.9 146 SE 0 0 0.04 0.67 0.29 0004.89 4.63 8.6 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2022-11-13 2022 317 1 3 95% 0% 62% 0% 0% 75% 124 SE 4Few 0.4 10.0 6.4 14.7 119 SE 0 0 0.33 0.67 00003.39 3.24 6.5 Sa Meridional AAnticyclonic Southerly 2022-11-14 2022 318 2 3 100% 0% 66% 0% 0% 62% 217 SW 6.6 Broken 0.2 9.3 6.1 13.0 229 SW 0 0 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.71 0.17 05.99 5.34 11.7 Sa Meridional AAnticyclonic Southerly 2022-11-15 2022 319 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 194 S10.5 Overcast 0.2 10.7 7.8 13.0 195 S 0 0 0 0 0.71 0.29 0 0 11.52 10.86 19 Sa Meridional AAnticyclonic Southerly 2022-11-16 2022 320 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 196 S12.5 Broken 4.6 11.0 8.1 13.5 192 S 0 0 0 0 0.67 0.33 0 0 12.37 11.9 23 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2022-11-17 2022 321 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 239 SW 12.3 Broken 9.3 11.8 9.6 13.9 237 SW 000000.92 0.08 012.09 11.96 19.2 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2022-11-18 2022 322 63100% 0% 91% 0% 0% 100% 261 W9.4 Broken 1.6 9.5 7.2 12.8 259 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.21 0.75 0.04 9.96 9.52 15.1 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe
Date Year Day of year Day of week IOP and Radiosoundings Number of DWLs operational (max = 6) Data availability PAROIS DWL Data availability PACHEM DWL Data availability PAJUSS DWL Data availability PALUPD DWL Data availability PAARBO DWL Data availability PASIRT DWL Mean wind direction (300 m) from all running DWLs Mean wind direction category (300 m) from DWLs Mean vector wind speed (300m) from all running DWLs Solar radiation (clear, few, broken, overcast - in Paris area based on daytime conditions) Precipitation (mm day-1) MF Montsouris Weather Station Mean air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris Min air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris Max air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris mean wind direction (°) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean wind direction category from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of N wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of NE wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of E wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of SE wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of S wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of SW wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of W wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of NW wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean scalar wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean vector wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Maximum wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl ID of "Grosswetterlage" (Hess and Brezowsky) Synotic conditions Meridional (m), zonal (z) or mixed Anticyclonic (A), cyclonic (C), or mixed (M) Description of "Grosswetterlage" (Hess and Brezowsky) 2022-11-19 2022 323 73100% 0% 91% 0% 0% 100% 304 NW 8.4 Broken 0.2 8.5 6.1 11.4 299 NW 0000000.38 0.62 8.45 8.2 12.1 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2022-11-20 2022 324 1 3 100% 0% 87% 0% 0% 100% 250 W10.9 Overcast 07.7 5.1 10.3 253 W 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.29 0.62 012.06 11.22 18.3 TB Meridional CLow over the British Isles 2022-11-21 2022 325 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 216 SW 10 Overcast 17.0 5.2 8.1 216 SW 0 0 0 0.08 0.29 0.33 0.29 012.12 9.21 18.9 TB Meridional CLow over the British Isles 2022-11-22 2022 326 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 230 SW 12.3 Broken 3.6 8.2 4.8 11.3 230 SW 0000010011.53 11.43 17.3 TB Meridional CLow over the British Isles 2022-11-23 2022 327 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 221 SW 10.3 Broken 18.5 5.5 13.0 221 SW 0 0 0 0 0.33 0.5 0.17 011.45 9.95 16 Ww Zonal MMaritime Westerly (Block Eastern Europe) 2022-11-24 2022 328 5 3 100% 0% 95% 0% 0% 100% 211 SW 10.3 Broken 510.1 6.8 12.7 213 SW 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 0 0 11.02 10.1 16.9 Ww Zonal MMaritime Westerly (Block Eastern Europe) 2022-11-25 2022 329 63100% 0% 87% 0% 0% 100% 261 W7.7 Broken 0.6 9.4 6.9 12.3 263 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.12 0.88 09.01 8.72 14.4 Ww Zonal MMaritime Westerly (Block Eastern Europe) 2022-11-26 2022 330 73100% 0% 95% 0% 0% 100% 190 S6.1 Overcast 0.4 6.7 4.8 8.4 186 S 0 0 0 0 0.71 0.21 0.08 06.16 5.55 9.9 Sz Meridional CCyclonic Southerly 2022-11-27 2022 331 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 188 S 9 Overcast 0.2 7.8 6.0 9.8 190 S 0 0 0 0 0.92 0.08 0 0 9.81 9.57 12.9 Sz Meridional CCyclonic Southerly 2022-11-28 2022 332 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 249 W 6 Broken 4.6 9.1 7.7 11.4 254 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.33 0.67 06.49 6.27 10.7 Sz Meridional CCyclonic Southerly 2022-11-29 2022 333 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 4 N 2.2 Overcast 0.6 7.9 6.6 9.1 350 N0.25 0.04 0.42 0000.08 0.21 1.92 0.83 6.5 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2022-11-30 2022 334 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 41 NE 4.6 Broken 06.7 4.6 8.2 37 NE 0.12 0.83 0.04 00000 4.4 4.3 8.2 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2022-12-01 2022 335 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 24 NE 7.4 Broken 05.7 4.7 6.4 22 N0.54 0.46 0000007.24 7.11 11.4 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2022-12-02 2022 336 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 33 NE 6.8 Overcast 04.7 2.8 5.8 32 NE 0.21 0.79 0000007.17 7.08 12.9 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2022-12-03 2022 337 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 56 NE 8.3 Overcast 2.6 3.5 2.5 4.2 53 NE 010000008.48 8.44 13.8 HNFz Meridional C High Scandinavia-Iceland, Trough Central Europe 2022-12-04 2022 338 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 61 NE 6.1 Overcast 03.5 2.5 4.5 63 NE 00.58 0.42 00000 5.7 5.54 8HNFz Meridional C High Scandinavia-Iceland, Trough Central Europe 2022-12-05 2022 339 2 2 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 349 N2.9 Overcast 1.2 2.7 1.8 3.6 348 N0.5 0.08 000000.42 2.78 2.48 4.7 HNFz Meridional C High Scandinavia-Iceland, Trough Central Europe 2022-12-06 2022 340 3 3 100% 0% 91% 0% 0% 100% 26 NE 3.9 Overcast 3.2 3.8 2.5 5.5 27 NE 0.17 0.75 000000.08 3.91 3.75 7.7 HNz Meridional C Icelandic High, Trough Central Europe 2022-12-07 2022 341 4 1 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% NFew 04.3 1.3 6.5 356 N0.71 0.12 00000.04 0.12 3.06 2.86 6.5 HNz Meridional C Icelandic High, Trough Central Europe 2022-12-08 2022 342 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 226 SW 2.4 Overcast 03.3 2.1 4.6 207 SW 0.04 0.12 0.04 0.04 0.29 0.38 0.04 0.04 1.8 0.67 4.9 HNz Meridional C Icelandic High, Trough Central Europe 2022-12-09 2022 343 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 21 N4.4 Few 02.3 0.2 3.8 20 N0.67 0.33 0000003.83 3.61 7.2 HNz Meridional C Icelandic High, Trough Central Europe 2022-12-10 2022 344 73100% 0% 95% 0% 0% 100% 284 W3.5 Broken 01.8 -0.8 4.6 292 W0.29 0 0 0 0.04 0.33 0.21 0.12 2.93 1.52 5.6 HNz Meridional C Icelandic High, Trough Central Europe 2022-12-11 2022 345 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 171 S4.1 Broken 0-1.4 -2.3 0.0 170 S 0 0 0 0.25 0.75 0003.88 3.74 6.3 HNz Meridional C Icelandic High, Trough Central Europe 2022-12-12 2022 346 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 112 E5.5 Broken 0-1.4 -2.2 0.1 115 SE 0 0 0.38 0.62 00004.92 4.66 9.7 HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2022-12-13 2022 347 3 3 100% 0% 83% 0% 0% 100% 94 E7.5 Broken 0-0.6 -2.7 2.0 99 E 0 0 0.79 0.21 00006.31 6.11 9.2 HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2022-12-14 2022 348 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 42 NE 3.6 Broken 00.9 -0.4 2.4 40 NE 0.08 0.83 0.04 0.04 00003.13 2.86 4.7 HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2022-12-15 2022 349 5 3 100% 0% 83% 0% 0% 100% 42 NE 8.9 Broken 0.2 0.0 -2.0 2.4 44 NE 0.04 0.88 0.08 000009.85 9.55 17 TrM Meridional MTrough over Central Europe 2022-12-16 2022 350 63100% 0% 91% 0% 0% 100% 29 NE 6.7 Few 00.1 -1.6 1.6 26 NE 0.38 0.54 0.08 000007.18 6.91 13.1 TrM Meridional MTrough over Central Europe 2022-12-17 2022 351 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 117 SE 4.2 Broken 0-1.7 -4.4 -0.4 125 SE 0 0 0.21 0.79 00004.06 3.98 11.9 TrM Meridional MTrough over Central Europe 2022-12-18 2022 352 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 170 S11 Broken 0-1.2 -5.0 4.5 176 S 0 0 0 0.17 0.83 0 0 0 12.95 12.25 18 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2022-12-19 2022 353 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 200 S13.5 Overcast 4.2 9.1 4.5 12.4 199 S 0000100013.64 13.63 17.5 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2022-12-20 2022 354 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 210 SW 11.1 Overcast 0.8 11.2 10.5 11.8 205 SW 0 0 0 0 0.58 0.42 0 0 10.79 10.69 14.2 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2022-12-21 2022 355 4 3 100% 0% 95% 0% 0% 100% 221 SW 10.6 Overcast 710.6 7.9 12.4 222 SW 0 0 0 0 0.33 0.5 0.17 010.67 9.86 14.5 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2022-12-22 2022 356 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 239 SW 12.2 Broken 7.3 12.6 11.1 14.4 239 SW 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.58 0.33 012.97 12.26 23.6 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2022-12-23 2022 357 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 240 SW 11.2 Overcast 9.3 13.4 11.2 15.7 240 SW 000000.83 0.17 011.85 11.71 16.3 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2022-12-24 2022 358 73100% 0% 95% 0% 0% 100% 216 SW 7.9 Overcast 310.8 10.3 11.8 217 SW 0 0 0 0 0.33 0.67 0 0 8.18 7.61 13.5 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2022-12-25 2022 359 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 207 SW 8.5 Broken 111.8 10.1 13.5 203 SW 0 0 0 0 0.54 0.46 0 0 8.37 8.17 13.5 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2022-12-26 2022 360 2 3 100% 0% 75% 0% 0% 100% 255 W10.3 Broken 0.2 9.7 5.0 12.4 254 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 010.85 10.14 17.3 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2022-12-27 2022 361 3 2 100% 0% 50% 0% 0% 100% 229 SW 8.7 Broken 16.6 4.0 10.2 229 SW 0 0 0 0 0.33 0.29 0.38 08.83 7.69 13.4 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2022-12-28 2022 362 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 210 SW 14 Clear 010.4 8.9 11.6 204 SW 0 0 0 0 0.42 0.58 0 0 12.19 12.14 18.3 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2022-12-29 2022 363 5 3 100% 0% 70% 0% 0% 100% 234 SW 11.6 Overcast 3.2 9.9 6.0 12.4 233 SW 0000010012.18 12.09 19.8 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2022-12-30 2022 364 63100% 0% 95% 0% 0% 100% 204 SW 13.6 Broken 4.2 10.6 5.3 15.1 200 S 0 0 0 0 0.42 0.58 0 0 13.16 12.53 19.8 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2022-12-31 2022 365 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 211 SW 15.8 Overcast 3.4 15.2 14.2 16.1 204 SW 0 0 0 0 0.46 0.54 0 0 14.9 14.86 19.9 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2023-01-01 2023 1 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 202 S12.5 0.2 13.1 11.4 15.0 196 S 0 0 0 0 0.62 0.38 0 0 11.68 11.21 15.9 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2023-01-02 2023 2 2 3 100% 0% 70% 0% 0% 100% 233 SW 9.3 Broken 1.4 10.4 6.7 14.3 234 SW 000000.96 0.04 08.42 8.35 13.1 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2023-01-03 2023 3 3 3 100% 0% 87% 0% 0% 100% 212 SW 9.6 Overcast 5.4 7.9 5.4 10.0 212 SW 0 0 0 0 0.33 0.67 0 0 9.09 8.8 14.2 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-01-04 2023 4 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 231 SW 13.2 Overcast 212.0 10.0 13.6 230 SW 000000.92 0.08 011.8 11.56 15.6 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-01-05 2023 5 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 253 W8.7 Overcast 0.8 12.6 11.0 13.9 253 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.42 0.58 0 9 8.69 14.9 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-01-06 2023 663100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 218 SW 8.8 Broken 0.2 11.5 10.5 13.4 214 SW 0 0 0 0 0.21 0.79 0 0 7.18 7.06 10.3 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2023-01-07 2023 773100% 0% 79% 0% 0% 100% 198 S12 Broken 010.0 7.6 11.4 195 S 0 0 0 0 0.92 0.08 0 0 11.51 11.42 14.4 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2023-01-08 2023 8 1 3 100% 0% 95% 0% 0% 100% 217 SW 11.7 Broken 19.4 6.6 11.1 213 SW 0 0 0 0 0.38 0.58 0.04 010.95 10.51 15.2 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2023-01-09 2023 9 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 258 W12 Broken 2.2 7.2 5.6 9.5 259 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.33 0.67 014.25 13.5 19.6 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2023-01-10 2023 10 3 2 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 219 SW 11 Overcast 4.2 7.5 4.3 12.0 219 SW 0 0 0 0 0.33 0.46 0.21 011.56 10.44 14.7 Ww Zonal MMaritime Westerly (Block Eastern Europe) 2023-01-11 2023 11 4 2 0% 0% 95% 0% 0% 100% 242 SW 10.9 Broken 2.6 10.8 9.3 12.2 242 SW 000000.62 0.38 011.96 11.15 14.9 Ww Zonal MMaritime Westerly (Block Eastern Europe) 2023-01-12 2023 12 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 225 SW 13.5 Overcast 3.8 10.9 9.6 11.8 226 SW 0000010011.65 11.62 15.2 Ww Zonal MMaritime Westerly (Block Eastern Europe) 2023-01-13 2023 13 620% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 252 W11 Broken 1.2 9.4 7.8 11.2 251 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.29 0.71 012.89 12.78 16.3 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-01-14 2023 14 720% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 224 SW 13.1 Overcast 2.2 10.3 7.5 12.4 221 SW 0 0 0 0 0.17 0.62 0.21 012.99 11.46 18 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-01-15 2023 15 1 2 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 240 SW 11.8 Broken 13.3 7.2 5.7 9.4 238 SW 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.67 0.25 012.75 12.14 19.1 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-01-16 2023 16 2 2 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 240 SW 13 Overcast 0.4 5.4 2.2 7.0 238 SW 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.21 0.54 014.38 10.49 24.6 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-01-17 2023 17 3 2 0% 0% 95% 0% 0% 100% 42 NE 5.4 Overcast 9.3 2.6 1.0 4.2 43 NE 0.25 0.29 0.17 0.17 00.12 0 0 5.33 3.44 8.5 TrM Meridional MTrough over Central Europe 2023-01-18 2023 18 4 2 0% 0% 79% 0% 0% 100% 294 NW 6Few 0.6 2.6 -0.1 5.7 289 W0.17 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.58 0.21 6.6 5.11 10.6 TrM Meridional MTrough over Central Europe 2023-01-19 2023 19 5 2 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 251 W3.5 Overcast 01.6 0.4 2.9 265 W0.04 0 0 0 0.25 0.12 0.42 0.17 3.87 2.59 7.3 TrM Meridional MTrough over Central Europe 2023-01-20 2023 20 620% 0% 95% 0% 0% 100% 300 NW 7.6 Broken 1.6 3.3 -0.1 6.4 296 NW 0000000.42 0.58 8.88 8.59 15.2 TrM Meridional MTrough over Central Europe 2023-01-21 2023 21 720% 0% 95% 0% 0% 100% 22 N8.2 Broken 02.1 -0.1 4.7 17 N0.67 0.33 0000008.94 8.76 12.4 NEa Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2023-01-22 2023 22 1 2 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 19 N6.9 Overcast 0.2 1.1 -0.2 2.5 16 N0.58 0.42 0000007.26 7.15 10.6 NEa Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2023-01-23 2023 23 2 2 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 39 NE 7.5 Overcast 02.3 1.3 3.3 35 NE 010000007.57 7.55 10.4 NEa Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2023-01-24 2023 24 3 2 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 37 NE 6.1 Overcast 02.6 1.5 3.4 37 NE 010000006.01 5.96 9.4 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-01-25 2023 25 4 2 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 7 N 3.9 Overcast 01.1 -0.4 2.9 360 N0.38 0.33 000000.29 3.9 3.37 7BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-01-26 2023 26 5 2 0% 0% 87% 0% 0% 100% 17 N 5 Overcast 03.0 0.5 5.5 13 N0.71 0.08 0000.08 00.12 5.69 5.52 13.7 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-01-27 2023 27 620% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 26 NE 8.6 Overcast 0.6 4.9 4.0 5.4 20 N0.62 0.38 0000009.36 9.29 11.7 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-01-28 2023 28 710% 0% 25% 0% 0% 100% 29 NE 6.8 Overcast 03.2 1.2 4.1 23 NE 0.5 0.5 0000007.32 7.19 11.9 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-01-29 2023 29 1 1 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 280 W3.9 Broken 02.5 -0.8 4.9 280 W0.29 0.04 0000.29 0.25 0.12 3.31 2.02 9.5 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2023-01-30 2023 30 2 1 0% 0% 29% 0% 0% 100% 271 W7.2 Broken 06.1 3.9 9.4 279 W0.04 000000.62 0.33 8.61 7.63 12.9 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2023-01-31 2023 31 3 2 0% 0% 95% 0% 0% 100% 266 W7.1 Broken 0.2 5.9 1.8 9.4 266 W 0000000.96 0.04 8.47 8.33 12.6 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2023-02-01 2023 32 4 2 41% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 281 W9.5 Broken 0.2 8.4 6.8 10.1 277 W 0000001011.65 11.62 14.8 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2023-02-02 2023 33 5 3 100% 0% 95% 0% 0% 100% 270 W9.1 Broken 08.3 5.8 10.2 270 W 0000001010.21 10.13 13.6 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2023-02-03 2023 34 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 275 W7.9 Overcast 09.2 7.2 10.6 274 W 0000000.79 0.21 9.13 8.88 12.5 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2023-02-04 2023 35 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 335 NW 6.2 Overcast 09.5 8.4 10.3 325 NW 0.21 0000000.79 6.31 6.15 10.6 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-02-05 2023 36 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 0 N 9.2 Broken 1.2 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-02-06 2023 37 2 3 100% 0% 66% 0% 0% 100% 43 NE 8.8 Few 0.2 4.6 2.1 7.9 45 NE 00.96 0.04 000009.15 8.98 13 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-02-07 2023 38 3 2 100% 0% 37% 0% 0% 100% 70 E7.9 Clear 0.4 3.2 0.6 6.7 72 E 0 0.33 0.67 000007.26 7.16 11.9 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe
Date Year Day of year Day of week IOP and Radiosoundings Number of DWLs operational (max = 6) Data availability PAROIS DWL Data availability PACHEM DWL Data availability PAJUSS DWL Data availability PALUPD DWL Data availability PAARBO DWL Data availability PASIRT DWL Mean wind direction (300 m) from all running DWLs Mean wind direction category (300 m) from DWLs Mean vector wind speed (300m) from all running DWLs Solar radiation (clear, few, broken, overcast - in Paris area based on daytime conditions) Precipitation (mm day-1) MF Montsouris Weather Station Mean air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris Min air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris Max air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris mean wind direction (°) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean wind direction category from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of N wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of NE wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of E wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of SE wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of S wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of SW wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of W wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of NW wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean scalar wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean vector wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Maximum wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl ID of "Grosswetterlage" (Hess and Brezowsky) Synotic conditions Meridional (m), zonal (z) or mixed Anticyclonic (A), cyclonic (C), or mixed (M) Description of "Grosswetterlage" (Hess and Brezowsky) 2023-02-08 2023 39 4 2 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 98 E5.2 Clear 02.5 -0.5 7.5 103 E 0 0.04 0.71 0.25 00004.55 4.07 7.1 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-02-09 2023 40 5 2 100% 0% 45% 0% 0% 100% 278 W2.3 Few 02.9 -2.1 7.6 287 W0.08 0 0 0 0.17 0.21 0.25 0.29 2.09 1.22 4.9 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-02-10 2023 41 63100% 0% 91% 0% 0% 100% 240 SW 3.8 Broken 06.6 4.2 10.3 250 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.54 0.42 0.04 3.03 2.87 6HM Mixed AHigh over Central Europe 2023-02-11 2023 42 73100% 0% 75% 0% 0% 100% 10 N3.5 Broken 06.7 1.9 10.6 7 N 0.04 0.38 0.21 0000.12 0.25 3.39 1.61 6HM Mixed AHigh over Central Europe 2023-02-12 2023 43 1 3 100% 0% 66% 0% 0% 100% 96 E 6 Overcast 07.6 5.2 9.6 100 E 0 0 0.96 0.04 00005.76 5.69 8.5 HM Mixed AHigh over Central Europe 2023-02-13 2023 44 2 2 100% 0% 4% 0% 0% 100% 148 SE 4.7 Few 06.9 3.2 12.2 150 SE 0 0 0 0.79 0.17 0.04 0 0 4.73 4.58 9HM Mixed AHigh over Central Europe 2023-02-14 2023 45 3 2 100% 0% 8% 0% 0% 100% 130 SE 3.7 Few 07.0 1.6 13.4 137 SE 0.04 00.21 0.54 00.17 0.04 03.78 2.92 9.8 HM Mixed AHigh over Central Europe 2023-02-15 2023 46 4 2 100% 0% 8% 0% 0% 100% 222 SW 5.7 Broken 07.0 2.5 12.2 222 SW 0 0 0 0 0.29 0.5 0.21 04.79 4.35 11 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-02-16 2023 47 5 3 100% 0% 58% 0% 0% 100% 238 SW 8.9 Broken 09.4 4.2 14.6 240 SW 000000.83 0.17 08.21 8.12 11.6 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-02-17 2023 48 62100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 255 W8.3 Overcast 012.9 11.0 15.7 255 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.75 08.95 8.72 11 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-02-18 2023 49 72100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 256 W8.8 Overcast 011.6 10.7 12.4 255 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.75 08.63 8.55 10.7 Nwa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2023-02-19 2023 50 1 2 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 286 W6.9 Broken 010.7 6.9 12.8 281 W 0000000.83 0.17 7.12 6.96 12.7 Nwa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2023-02-20 2023 51 2 2 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 249 W 5 Few 08.0 3.7 12.8 243 SW 000000.67 0.33 04.72 4.66 8.1 Nwa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2023-02-21 2023 52 3 2 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 145 SE 4.2 Broken 09.6 3.5 16.5 148 SE 0.04 0.04 0.25 0.33 0.12 0.12 0.08 03.71 2.44 9.3 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2023-02-22 2023 53 4 2 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 250 W5.6 Overcast 0.2 9.2 8.3 10.0 254 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.42 0.08 5.25 4.86 8.3 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2023-02-23 2023 54 5 2 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 30 NE 5.5 Broken 08.8 6.3 10.7 24 NE 0.17 0.58 000000.25 5.01 3.83 9.6 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2023-02-24 2023 55 63100% 0% 54% 0% 0% 100% 25 NE 6.6 Broken 08.2 6.4 11.2 23 NE 0.62 0.38 0000005.96 5.79 9.4 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-02-25 2023 56 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 27 NE 8.3 Broken 06.1 3.3 8.9 23 NE 0.54 0.46 0000008.64 8.53 13.9 NEa Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2023-02-26 2023 57 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 41 NE 12.6 Few 02.7 0.4 6.3 40 NE 0100000013.6 13.56 16.5 NEa Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2023-02-27 2023 58 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 42 NE 12.1 Clear 03.0 -0.4 7.6 42 NE 0100000012.63 12.58 17.5 NEa Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2023-02-28 2023 59 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 50 NE 8.7 Few 02.5 -0.4 5.9 49 NE 010000008.81 8.74 14.2 NEa Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2023-03-01 2023 60 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 40 NE 9Few 03.1 -0.7 8.1 41 NE 0.25 0.75 0000009.29 8.92 12.5 NEa Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2023-03-02 2023 61 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 28 NE 6.5 Few 04.6 0.5 9.6 24 NE 0.46 0.54 0000006.32 6.05 11.1 HB Meridional AHigh over the British Isles 2023-03-03 2023 62 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 23 NE 7.2 Few 04.7 1.7 10.1 19 N0.62 0.38 0000006.62 6.53 12.9 HB Meridional AHigh over the British Isles 2023-03-04 2023 63 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 33 NE 7Overcast 04.4 1.4 6.4 31 NE 0.21 0.79 0000007.39 7.3 12.9 HB Meridional AHigh over the British Isles 2023-03-05 2023 64 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 349 N3.2 Overcast 06.1 5.1 6.8 330 NW 0.38 0.04 00000.17 0.42 2.91 2.33 4.8 Ws Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-03-06 2023 65 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 269 W6.1 Broken 05.8 3.7 7.4 265 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.67 0.08 6.24 5.85 9.6 Ws Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-03-07 2023 66 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 235 SW 8.7 Broken 2.2 6.8 4.6 9.6 234 SW 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.92 0 0 8.33 8.09 12.2 Ws Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-03-08 2023 67 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 225 SW 12.1 Broken 31.2 10.3 5.3 15.1 226 SW 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.67 0.08 012.91 11.86 20 Ws Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-03-09 2023 68 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 223 SW 12.3 Broken 511.9 9.0 15.3 222 SW 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.88 0.04 011.74 11.37 18.4 Ws Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-03-10 2023 69 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 267 W12.1 Broken 2.2 7.7 4.3 10.9 262 W0.04 0.08 0000.29 0.46 0.12 13.37 11.84 23.7 Ws Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-03-11 2023 70 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 146 SE 4.9 Broken 0.8 6.4 3.5 8.8 151 SE 0 0 0.25 0.38 0.29 0.08 0 0 4.72 3.23 12.8 Ws Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-03-12 2023 71 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 239 SW 9.9 Broken 1.6 11.7 8.4 15.3 241 SW 0 0 0 0 0.17 0.29 0.54 010.49 9.45 16.5 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-03-13 2023 72 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 219 SW 13.3 Broken 0.2 13.5 10.8 15.9 217 SW 0000010011.49 11.4 15.1 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-03-14 2023 73 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 277 W10.8 Broken 2.2 8.7 4.7 11.9 273 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.21 0.5 0.29 11.72 10.5 24.6 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-03-15 2023 74 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 233 SW 5.5 Broken 07.3 2.4 12.0 243 SW 0 0 0 0.04 0.29 0.21 0.46 06.1 3.76 12.5 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-03-16 2023 75 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 175 S9.2 Few 011.3 5.3 18.0 173 S 0 0 0 0.21 0.79 0 0 0 10.33 10.06 16.6 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2023-03-17 2023 76 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 210 SW 8.2 Broken 2.6 12.7 9.2 17.0 209 SW 0 0 0 0 0.58 0.42 0 0 7.06 6.82 10.7 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2023-03-18 2023 77 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 210 SW 9.5 Broken 112.5 9.2 16.7 206 SW 0 0 0 0 0.38 0.62 00 87.91 13 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2023-03-19 2023 78 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 292 W6.2 Broken 2.4 10.0 5.7 12.1 289 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.12 0.42 0.46 6.65 5.68 10.3 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2023-03-20 2023 79 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 219 SW 5.5 Broken 010.2 3.7 15.2 216 SW 0 0 0 0 0.21 0.71 0.08 04.22 4.06 7.9 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2023-03-21 2023 80 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 215 SW 8.2 Broken 0.2 12.3 9.1 15.6 212 SW 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.75 0 0 7.01 6.87 12 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2023-03-22 2023 81 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 213 SW 11.3 Overcast 1.6 12.0 9.2 14.7 207 SW 0 0 0 0 0.38 0.62 0 0 9.84 9.75 15.1 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2023-03-23 2023 82 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 210 SW 12 Broken 0.8 13.9 11.9 17.0 206 SW 0 0 0 0 0.38 0.62 0 0 10.52 10.42 15.7 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-03-24 2023 83 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 238 SW 12.2 Broken 2.4 12.5 9.0 15.9 236 SW 0000010011.97 11.9 18.8 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-03-25 2023 84 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 238 SW 11 Broken 0.2 11.5 8.8 14.9 236 SW 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.71 0.21 011.15 10.79 15.5 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-03-26 2023 85 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 268 W10.4 Broken 5.4 9.7 7.2 13.2 261 W0.25 0 0 0 0.12 0.29 0.21 0.12 10.98 6.45 18.6 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-03-27 2023 86 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 351 N6.1 Broken 07.8 5.8 10.7 342 N0.21 0.08 0.08 00000.62 6.33 5.58 10.6 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-03-28 2023 87 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 172 S7.6 Broken 08.0 3.8 11.3 171 S 0 0 0.04 0.21 0.62 0.12 0 0 7.91 7.37 10.4 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2023-03-29 2023 88 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 220 SW 8.6 Broken 015.6 9.4 21.0 219 SW 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.67 0.08 08.32 7.8 15 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2023-03-30 2023 89 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 229 SW 11.2 Broken 2.8 14.7 11.6 17.9 226 SW 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.88 0.04 010.7 10.39 15.1 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2023-03-31 2023 90 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 234 SW 14.5 Broken 5.3 12.6 10.2 15.7 233 SW 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.71 0.21 014.33 13.67 21 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2023-04-01 2023 91 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 281 W11.5 Broken 211.6 10.0 15.4 274 W 0000000.62 0.38 12.92 12.09 18.7 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-04-02 2023 92 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 351 N9.2 Overcast 0.8 8.1 6.5 10.0 342 N0.54 0.08 000000.38 9.51 8.89 12.7 NEa Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2023-04-03 2023 93 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 55 NE 7.6 Few 08.6 5.4 12.7 54 NE 00.88 0.12 000007.46 7.12 11.8 NEa Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2023-04-04 2023 94 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 59 NE 6.6 Clear 07.8 2.8 13.0 57 NE 0.12 0.54 0.33 000006.32 5.67 10.4 NEa Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2023-04-05 2023 95 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 333 NW 2.5 Few 010.0 3.5 16.3 323 NW 0.04 0.12 0.08 0.04 0 0 0.21 0.5 2.23 1.38 5.9 NEa Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2023-04-06 2023 96 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 276 W6.3 Broken 0.4 11.7 9.1 15.8 276 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.17 0.46 0.38 6.72 5.97 13.9 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-04-07 2023 97 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 354 N6.6 Broken 010.6 7.4 14.8 347 N0.38 0.21 000000.42 6.81 5.57 13 Hfa Meridional A Scandinavian High, Ridge Central Europe 2023-04-08 2023 98 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 48 NE 5.8 Broken 010.2 5.2 16.2 46 NE 0.08 0.88 0.04 000005.81 5.66 8.9 Hfa Meridional A Scandinavian High, Ridge Central Europe 2023-04-09 2023 99 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 128 SE 4.7 Broken 012.8 6.4 18.9 134 SE 0 0 0.17 0.83 00004.78 4.62 10.8 Hfa Meridional A Scandinavian High, Ridge Central Europe 2023-04-10 2023 100 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 220 SW 9.7 Overcast 5.9 12.6 9.6 17.2 225 SW 0 0 0 0 0.33 0.38 0.29 09.68 7.64 17.5 Ww Zonal MMaritime Westerly (Block Eastern Europe) 2023-04-11 2023 101 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 229 SW 8.5 Overcast 8.1 10.5 8.4 13.9 231 SW 0 0 0 0 0.29 0.25 0.46 09.21 7.35 15.2 Ww Zonal MMaritime Westerly (Block Eastern Europe) 2023-04-12 2023 102 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 244 SW 11.5 Broken 9.7 9.9 6.8 14.4 242 SW 0 0 0 0 0.12 0.5 0.33 0.04 12.41 11.43 20.9 Ww Zonal MMaritime Westerly (Block Eastern Europe) 2023-04-13 2023 103 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 252 W8.4 Broken 0.2 9.7 6.4 14.2 250 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.42 0.58 09.23 9.12 17.6 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2023-04-14 2023 104 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 168 S6.5 Overcast 37.5 4.6 9.9 168 S 0 0 0 0.33 0.42 0.12 0.12 07.78 6.72 15.4 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2023-04-15 2023 105 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 333 NW 8.7 Broken 10.7 10.4 8.2 14.3 323 NW 0.17 0 0 0 0.08 0 0 0.75 9.48 8.24 15.1 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2023-04-16 2023 106 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 10 N7.9 Few 011.0 5.5 16.5 7 N 0.88 0.12 0000007.25 7.04 11 HFa Meridional A Scandinavian High, Ridge Central Europe 2023-04-17 2023 107 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 30 NE 7Broken 09.8 6.9 12.7 26 NE 0.38 0.62 0000006.77 6.62 12.7 HFa Meridional A Scandinavian High, Ridge Central Europe 2023-04-18 2023 108 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 53 NE 9.1 Broken 0.2 11.8 7.6 17.0 54 NE 0.12 0.62 0.25 000009.65 8.92 15 HFa Meridional A Scandinavian High, Ridge Central Europe 2023-04-19 2023 109 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 69 E8.5 Few 014.0 9.1 19.8 71 E 0 0.46 0.54 000008.57 8.11 12.6 HFa Meridional A Scandinavian High, Ridge Central Europe 2023-04-20 2023 110 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 42 NE 7.9 Broken 09.3 5.2 13.3 39 NE 0.25 0.71 0.04 000007.99 7.5 13.5 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2023-04-21 2023 111 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 56 NE 2.5 Broken 09.7 4.6 15.4 52 NE 0.08 0.42 0.33 0000.12 0.04 2.21 1.73 5.2 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2023-04-22 2023 112 73100% 0% 83% 0% 0% 95% 199 S8.3 Broken 8.1 12.1 8.3 17.4 195 S 0 0 0.21 0.04 0.17 0.58 0 0 7.54 513.8 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2023-04-23 2023 113 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 222 SW 10.2 Overcast 6.3 11.1 8.4 15.6 223 SW 0 0 0 0 0.33 0.33 0.33 011.06 8.73 16.5 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-04-24 2023 114 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 263 W7.4 Broken 1.8 10.7 8.1 14.8 264 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.17 0.79 0.04 7.93 7.72 14 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2023-04-25 2023 115 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 356 N5.3 Broken 09.1 7.0 11.7 337 NW 0.38 0.17 0.17 0000.21 0.08 5.51 3.11 11.6 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2023-04-26 2023 116 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 104 E4.2 Broken 0.2 10.8 6.2 14.4 109 E 0 0 0.54 0.46 00003.69 3.56 7.3 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2023-04-27 2023 117 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 158 S5.2 Broken 0.8 14.9 10.2 19.0 164 S 0 0 0.17 0.42 0.25 0.17 0 0 4.98 3.56 10.5 HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2023-04-28 2023 118 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 274 W 8 Broken 7.7 17.3 12.7 22.9 268 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.33 0.38 0.29 8.26 7.08 12.9 HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2023-04-29 2023 119 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 28 NE 4.7 Broken 012.7 10.0 16.7 21 N0.62 0.21 0.12 00000.04 4.57 3.95 7.8 HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe
Date Year Day of year Day of week IOP and Radiosoundings Number of DWLs operational (max = 6) Data availability PAROIS DWL Data availability PACHEM DWL Data availability PAJUSS DWL Data availability PALUPD DWL Data availability PAARBO DWL Data availability PASIRT DWL Mean wind direction (300 m) from all running DWLs Mean wind direction category (300 m) from DWLs Mean vector wind speed (300m) from all running DWLs Solar radiation (clear, few, broken, overcast - in Paris area based on daytime conditions) Precipitation (mm day-1) MF Montsouris Weather Station Mean air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris Min air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris Max air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris mean wind direction (°) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean wind direction category from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of N wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of NE wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of E wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of SE wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of S wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of SW wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of W wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of NW wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean scalar wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean vector wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Maximum wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl ID of "Grosswetterlage" (Hess and Brezowsky) Synotic conditions Meridional (m), zonal (z) or mixed Anticyclonic (A), cyclonic (C), or mixed (M) Description of "Grosswetterlage" (Hess and Brezowsky) 2023-04-30 2023 120 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 59 NE 4.1 Broken 014.0 9.0 19.8 61 NE 0.04 0.71 0.21 0000.04 03.81 3.69 9HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2023-05-01 2023 121 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 315 NW 6.3 Broken 3.3 13.1 11.0 16.3 306 NW 0000000.08 0.92 7.09 6.98 11.2 HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2023-05-02 2023 122 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 95% 42 NE 5.7 Broken 0.2 14.4 9.8 19.1 42 NE 0.21 0.67 0.08 00000.04 5.88 5.11 11.4 HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2023-05-03 2023 123 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 83 E8.3 Clear 015.9 8.3 22.3 87 E 0 0.04 0.96 000008.61 8.46 16 HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2023-05-04 2023 124 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 183 S9.2 Broken 018.3 11.7 24.0 181 S 0 0 0 0.33 0.21 0.42 0.04 08.73 5.46 14.5 HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2023-05-05 2023 125 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 229 SW 7.2 Broken 216.1 12.6 21.3 232 SW 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.75 0.17 06.55 6.13 13.7 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-05-06 2023 126 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 95% 203 SW 4.3 Broken 13.6 16.6 11.8 21.4 201 S0.04 0.17 0.04 0.04 0.25 0.38 0.04 0.04 3.91 1.66 7.8 SEa Meridional AAnticyclonic South-Easterly 2023-05-07 2023 127 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 79% 294 NW 4.1 Broken 16.9 15.5 13.8 18.7 295 NW 0.08 0 0 0 0.08 0.25 0.17 0.42 4.42 3.19 11.1 SEa Meridional AAnticyclonic South-Easterly 2023-05-08 2023 128 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 95% 264 W3.7 Broken 015.5 11.4 19.6 266 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.42 0.25 0.33 3.37 2.65 7.3 SEa Meridional AAnticyclonic South-Easterly 2023-05-09 2023 129 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 95% 241 SW 7.6 Overcast 12.7 14.3 11.8 17.5 243 SW 0 0 0 0 0.21 0.29 0.5 08.22 6.96 15.9 Ww Zonal MMaritime Westerly (Block Eastern Europe) 2023-05-10 2023 130 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 284 W7.7 Broken 4.8 13.5 10.4 18.4 279 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.58 0.38 8.94 8.46 14.1 Ww Zonal MMaritime Westerly (Block Eastern Europe) 2023-05-11 2023 131 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 328 NW 4.6 Broken 013.4 11.4 15.9 321 NW 0.33 0.04 00000.12 0.5 4.97 4.08 9.3 Ww Zonal MMaritime Westerly (Block Eastern Europe) 2023-05-12 2023 132 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 355 N6.5 Broken 1.2 12.6 10.6 14.4 350 N0.75 0000000.25 6.51 6.29 10.5 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2023-05-13 2023 133 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 15 N8.3 Broken 015.9 12.0 22.6 11 N0.75 0.21 000000.04 7.46 7.1 13.2 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2023-05-14 2023 134 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 351 N5.6 Broken 014.1 10.0 20.9 340 N0.46 0000000.54 5.2 5.08 8.2 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2023-05-15 2023 135 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 342 N6.7 Broken 2.6 12.1 9.0 15.9 334 NW 0.38 0000000.62 6.5 6.01 12.9 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-05-16 2023 136 3 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 10 N9.2 Broken 012.4 7.2 17.4 5N 100000009.31 9.28 13 NEz Meridional CCyclonic North-Easterly 2023-05-17 2023 137 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 32 NE 8.3 Broken 013.8 9.4 18.9 29 NE 0.17 0.83 0000008.21 8.14 12.2 NEz Meridional CCyclonic North-Easterly 2023-05-18 2023 138 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 30 NE 7.6 Broken 013.8 8.6 18.7 26 NE 0.54 0.46 0000007.63 7.51 11.9 NEz Meridional CCyclonic North-Easterly 2023-05-19 2023 139 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 20 N 8 Few 015.2 9.2 20.6 14 N 100000007.52 7.49 12.9 HNFz Meridional C High Scandinavia-Iceland, Trough Central Europe 2023-05-20 2023 140 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 21 N8.7 Broken 016.9 11.8 22.4 15 N0.92 0.08 0000008.17 8.12 12 HNFz Meridional C High Scandinavia-Iceland, Trough Central Europe 2023-05-21 2023 141 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 15 N8.1 Broken 017.7 13.3 22.3 11 N0.83 0.17 0000007.68 7.53 10.6 HNFz Meridional C High Scandinavia-Iceland, Trough Central Europe 2023-05-22 2023 142 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 354 N 6 Broken 017.0 12.9 22.6 349 N0.75 0000000.25 5.68 5.62 8.7 HNFz Meridional C High Scandinavia-Iceland, Trough Central Europe 2023-05-23 2023 143 3 3 100% 0% 87% 0% 0% 100% 23 NE 8.2 Broken 014.9 10.7 20.9 18 N0.71 0.29 000000 8.2 8.13 11 HB Meridional AHigh over the British Isles 2023-05-24 2023 144 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 34 NE 8.2 Few 014.9 8.6 20.9 30 NE 0.29 0.71 0000008.06 7.91 12.3 HB Meridional AHigh over the British Isles 2023-05-25 2023 145 5 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 42 NE 9.3 Clear 017.1 10.6 22.7 39 NE 010000009.18 9.11 12.7 HB Meridional AHigh over the British Isles 2023-05-26 2023 146 63100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 38 NE 7.9 Few 017.6 11.0 23.6 34 NE 010000007.49 7.44 11 HB Meridional AHigh over the British Isles 2023-05-27 2023 147 73100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 45 NE 7.4 Few 019.1 12.1 25.5 44 NE 0.08 0.92 0000007.19 7.08 14.1 Nea Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2023-05-28 2023 148 1 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 39 NE 8.2 Clear 020.8 13.9 27.4 36 NE 010000008.22 8.15 14.1 Nea Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2023-05-29 2023 149 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 27 NE 9.8 Clear 019.0 13.7 25.4 24 NE 0.46 0.54 0000009.03 913 Nea Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2023-05-30 2023 150 3 3 95% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 31 NE 9.5 Few 017.8 12.0 23.8 27 NE 0.12 0.88 000000 8.7 8.69 13.6 Nea Meridional AAnticyclonic North-Easterly 2023-05-31 2023 151 4 2 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 40 NE 8.6 Few 020.2 12.2 27.2 39 NE 010000009.38 9.3 16.9 HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2023-06-01 2023 152 5 2 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 30 NE 7.6 Few 020.6 13.7 27.9 28 NE 0.21 0.79 000000 7.9 7.81 12.9 HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2023-06-02 2023 153 620% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 24 NE 7.7 Few 016.0 10.8 22.0 21 N0.75 0.25 0000007.88 7.81 11.6 HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2023-06-03 2023 154 720% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 36 NE 6.9 Clear 019.2 11.8 25.6 37 NE 0.08 0.92 0000007.54 7.48 14.5 HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2023-06-04 2023 155 1 2 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 40 NE 7.5 Clear 020.9 14.1 27.1 40 NE 0.04 0.96 0000008.31 8.15 13.8 HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2023-06-05 2023 156 2 2 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 27 NE 7Few 020.3 13.6 27.0 24 NE 0.54 0.46 0000007.24 7.15 10.7 HNa Meridional A Icelandic High, Ride Central Europe 2023-06-06 2023 157 3 2 16% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 34 NE 7Few 020.1 12.4 28.1 32 NE 0.38 0.62 0000007.03 6.81 11.9 HNz Meridional C Icelandic High, Trough Central Europe 2023-06-07 2023 158 4 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 53 NE 7.7 Few 021.6 14.3 28.9 54 NE 00.75 0.25 000007.26 7.01 12.1 HNz Meridional C Icelandic High, Trough Central Europe 2023-06-08 2023 159 5 2 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 66 NE 5.8 Few 022.8 15.7 29.1 66 NE 00.58 0.42 00000 6.5 6.29 12 HNz Meridional C Icelandic High, Trough Central Europe 2023-06-09 2023 160 6391% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 102 E7.2 Broken 024.9 17.6 30.7 106 E 0 0 0.79 0.21 00007.04 6.71 10.6 HNFa Meridional A High Scandinavia-Iceland, Ridge Central Europe 2023-06-10 2023 161 7383% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 144 SE 5Broken 0.2 24.0 19.4 30.6 138 SE 00.04 0.08 0.79 0.08 0004.82 4.64 13.3 HNFa Meridional A High Scandinavia-Iceland, Ridge Central Europe 2023-06-11 2023 162 1 3 95% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 308 NW 3.8 Broken 4.4 22.5 18.7 27.2 297 NW 0.08 00.12 0.12 0.12 0.08 0.21 0.25 3.75 1.96 11.2 HNFa Meridional A High Scandinavia-Iceland, Ridge Central Europe 2023-06-12 2023 163 2 3 100% 0% 100% 0% 0% 100% 358 N4.8 Broken 022.0 18.0 28.1 353 N0.79 0.04 000000.17 3.88 3.71 6.9 HNFa Meridional A High Scandinavia-Iceland, Ridge Central Europe 2023-06-13 2023 164 3 4 100% 0% 100% 62% 0% 100% 66 NE 6.1 Few 024.4 17.5 30.0 67 NE 00.58 0.42 000006.05 5.71 9.7 HNz Meridional C Icelandic High, Trough Central Europe 2023-06-14 2023 165 4 4 87% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 59 NE 4.8 Few 024.5 17.0 29.9 57 NE 0.17 0.38 0.46 000004.63 3.87 8.1 HNz Meridional C Icelandic High, Trough Central Europe 2023-06-15 2023 166 5 4 91% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 32 NE 4.5 Broken 024.0 17.9 29.0 27 NE 0.54 0.21 0.21 00000.04 4.27 3.47 7.2 HNz Meridional C Icelandic High, Trough Central Europe 2023-06-16 2023 167 6479% 0% 100% 100% 0% 95% 71 E4.1 Broken 024.6 18.1 30.3 69 E0.08 0.67 0.21 0.04 00004.09 3.56 9.6 HNz Meridional C Icelandic High, Trough Central Europe 2023-06-17 2023 168 7487% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 146 SE 6.5 Broken 0.6 25.0 19.7 31.1 149 SE 0 0 0.04 0.58 0.33 00.04 06.56 5.86 12 HNz Meridional C Icelandic High, Trough Central Europe 2023-06-18 2023 169 1 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 191 S6.5 Broken 14.1 22.4 17.5 30.2 208 SW 00.08 0.08 0.21 0.08 0.17 0.21 0.17 6.44 2.64 17.7 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-06-19 2023 170 2 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 163 S4.1 Broken 0.4 20.8 16.2 25.7 176 S 0 0.04 0.12 0.25 0.21 0.08 0.21 0.08 4.04 2.06 12.3 Sz Meridional CCyclonic Southerly 2023-06-20 2023 171 3 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 202 S7.2 Broken 0.2 22.3 18.3 27.5 199 S 0 0 0 0 0.42 0.58 0 0 6.49 6.1 13.3 Sz Meridional CCyclonic Southerly 2023-06-21 2023 172 4 4 95% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 10 N4.4 Broken 023.2 18.1 28.6 358 N0.12 0.29 0.12 0 0 0.08 0.21 0.17 4.29 2.11 10.6 Sz Meridional CCyclonic Southerly 2023-06-22 2023 173 5 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 95% 352 N 8 Broken 16.3 20.5 17.8 25.3 349 N0.17 0.33 000000.5 8.13 6.43 12.7 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-06-23 2023 174 6495% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 328 NW 4.3 Broken 022.5 15.9 29.4 321 NW 0.21 0.04 00000.29 0.46 4.3 3.47 9.4 HM Mixed AHigh over Central Europe 2023-06-24 2023 175 7475% 0% 100% 100% 0% 83% 61 NE 4.7 Few 024.6 17.8 30.6 55 NE 0.12 0.5 0.38 00000 4.4 3.96 9.5 HM Mixed AHigh over Central Europe 2023-06-25 2023 176 1 4 62% 0% 100% 100% 0% 87% 200 S6.7 Clear 026.9 19.6 33.8 196 S 0 0 0.12 0.17 0.29 0.17 0.08 0.17 6.43 2.02 12.9 HM Mixed AHigh over Central Europe 2023-06-26 2023 177 2 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 308 NW 6.6 Broken 020.1 16.7 23.8 299 NW 0000000.46 0.54 6.91 6.7 9.4 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2023-06-27 2023 178 3 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 321 NW 4.7 Broken 020.4 15.8 25.4 312 NW 0.12 000000.08 0.79 4.78 4.53 7.9 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2023-06-28 2023 179 4 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 7 N 3.1 Broken 022.0 16.9 26.3 360 N0.46 0.12 0.08 0000.21 0.12 2.69 1.71 6NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2023-06-29 2023 180 5 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 325 NW 4.6 Broken 021.5 17.7 26.1 312 NW 0.04 0.12 0.21 0000.04 0.58 4.63 3.64 10.4 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2023-06-30 2023 181 64100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 274 W6.2 Broken 020.0 15.5 24.3 271 W0.04 0 0 0 0 0.29 0.29 0.38 5.84 4.51 11.2 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2023-07-01 2023 182 74100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 261 W 9 Broken 1.6 19.6 16.5 23.4 260 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.33 0.67 09.68 9.1 13.4 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-07-02 2023 183 1 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 276 W7.2 Broken 019.2 14.6 24.1 269 W 0000000.79 07.93 7.9 12.9 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-07-03 2023 184 2 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 269 W6.6 Broken 020.1 16.8 24.4 267 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.12 0.88 07.08 6.88 11.1 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-07-04 2023 185 3 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 229 SW 6.2 Broken 16.5 18.7 14.2 24.6 237 SW 0 0 0.04 0.04 0.33 0.29 0.17 0.12 6.01 4.53 20.3 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-07-05 2023 186 4 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 258 W7.3 Broken 017.1 12.1 21.9 258 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.33 0.5 0.17 7.71 7.3 16 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-07-06 2023 187 5 4 95% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 119 SE 3.6 Broken 021.0 13.8 27.3 126 SE 0.21 0.04 0.04 0.42 0.25 0 0 0.04 3.23 2.14 10.9 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-07-07 2023 188 6487% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 128 SE 7.5 Broken 024.8 16.6 31.5 133 SE 000100008.05 7.96 11.6 Sa Meridional AAnticyclonic Southerly 2023-07-08 2023 189 7470% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 199 S 6 Few 027.5 21.1 34.2 197 S 0 0 0 0.08 0.54 0.25 0.08 0.04 5.78 4.12 14.8 Sa Meridional AAnticyclonic Southerly 2023-07-09 2023 190 1 4 95% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 346 N5.4 Broken 0.2 24.0 20.2 28.3 336 NW 0.46 0000000.54 5.09 4.75 9.8 Sa Meridional AAnticyclonic Southerly 2023-07-10 2023 191 2 4 91% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 240 SW 3.9 Clear 024.0 18.3 29.5 237 SW 000000.62 0.33 0.04 2.85 2.6 5Sa Meridional AAnticyclonic Southerly 2023-07-11 2023 192 3 4 83% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 242 SW 5.8 Few 025.3 17.9 32.0 242 SW 0.04 0 0 0 0 0.67 0.17 0.12 4.89 4.3 11.2 Sa Meridional AAnticyclonic Southerly 2023-07-12 2023 193 4 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 286 W 6 Broken 021.1 17.1 25.3 280 W 0000000.79 0.21 6.43 6.18 9.8 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-07-13 2023 194 5 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 280 W5.1 Broken 020.4 17.0 24.2 275 W 0000000.79 0.21 5.44 5.18 8.4 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-07-14 2023 195 64100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 185 S8.3 Few 024.7 17.3 31.8 180 S0.04 00.04 0.21 0.5 0.21 0 0 7.87 6.77 11.8 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-07-15 2023 196 74100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 224 SW 10.4 Broken 3.3 22.2 17.9 25.5 225 SW 0 0 0 0 0.17 0.83 0 0 9.76 9.45 16.5 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-07-16 2023 197 1 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 233 SW 8.6 Broken 020.3 14.8 25.6 232 SW 000000.79 0.08 0.12 7.14 6.45 11.2 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-07-17 2023 198 2 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 281 W5.1 Broken 020.2 14.0 25.4 274 W0.08 0.08 0000.21 0.58 0.04 5.11 3.6 9.5 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-07-18 2023 199 3 4 83% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 43 NE 4.1 Few 023.2 15.9 29.6 48 NE 0.17 0.25 0.33 0 0 0.04 0.08 0.12 3.74 2.62 8.6 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-07-19 2023 200 4 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 302 NW 7.5 Broken 020.8 17.3 23.9 295 NW 0000000.46 0.54 8.12 7.7 11.7 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly
Date Year Day of year Day of week IOP and Radiosoundings Number of DWLs operational (max = 6) Data availability PAROIS DWL Data availability PACHEM DWL Data availability PAJUSS DWL Data availability PALUPD DWL Data availability PAARBO DWL Data availability PASIRT DWL Mean wind direction (300 m) from all running DWLs Mean wind direction category (300 m) from DWLs Mean vector wind speed (300m) from all running DWLs Solar radiation (clear, few, broken, overcast - in Paris area based on daytime conditions) Precipitation (mm day-1) MF Montsouris Weather Station Mean air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris Min air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris Max air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris mean wind direction (°) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean wind direction category from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of N wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of NE wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of E wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of SE wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of S wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of SW wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of W wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of NW wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean scalar wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean vector wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Maximum wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl ID of "Grosswetterlage" (Hess and Brezowsky) Synotic conditions Meridional (m), zonal (z) or mixed Anticyclonic (A), cyclonic (C), or mixed (M) Description of "Grosswetterlage" (Hess and Brezowsky) 2023-07-20 2023 201 5 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 317 NW 3.7 Broken 020.8 15.4 25.7 312 NW 0.25 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.42 0.29 3.06 2.52 8.1 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2023-07-21 2023 202 64100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 308 NW 5.5 Broken 019.9 15.7 24.3 299 NW 0.04 000000.38 0.58 5.69 5.47 9.6 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2023-07-22 2023 203 74100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 243 SW 6.6 Broken 020.4 14.2 26.3 243 SW 000000.67 0.21 0.12 5.84 5.43 10.6 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-07-23 2023 204 1 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 223 SW 10.6 Overcast 0.6 20.7 17.6 25.0 220 SW 00000100 8.8 8.67 16.2 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-07-24 2023 205 2 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 95% 248 W7.2 Broken 16.8 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-07-25 2023 206 3 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 320 NW 6.1 Broken 016.7 13.8 20.2 315 NW 0.29 0.08 00000.33 0.29 6.79 5.47 10.8 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-07-26 2023 207 4 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 243 SW 6.4 Broken 3.2 18.7 12.3 24.0 243 SW 0 0 0 0 0.17 0.33 0.5 05.96 5.14 11.6 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-07-27 2023 208 5 4 100% 0% 100% 91% 0% 87% 241 SW 9.5 Broken 51.5 19.5 18.7 22.2 239 SW 000000.96 0.04 09.2 9.13 13.5 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-07-28 2023 209 64100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 91% 226 SW 6.4 Broken 1.8 20.4 18.6 24.7 234 SW 0.04 0.04 0 0 0.08 0.67 0.12 0.04 5.65 5.1 9.3 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-07-29 2023 210 74100% 0% 100% 95% 0% 100% 247 SW 7Broken 020.6 16.9 25.8 248 W0.04 0.04 0000.62 0.12 0.17 6.5 5.41 11.5 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-07-30 2023 211 1 3 100% 0% 100% 50% 0% 100% 257 W7.7 Broken 7.4 19.5 15.7 24.1 253 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.46 0.54 08.23 8.03 11.7 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-07-31 2023 212 2 4 100% 0% 100% 95% 0% 95% 228 SW 11.1 Overcast 7.4 18.8 17.6 21.4 229 SW 0000010010.31 10.2 16.6 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-08-01 2023 213 3 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 254 W9.9 Broken 25 19.0 15.6 22.6 253 W 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.38 0.54 0.04 10.1 9.16 17.2 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-08-02 2023 214 4 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 229 SW 14.7 Broken 4.6 20.0 16.9 24.7 227 SW 0 0 0 0 0.12 0.88 0 0 13.91 13.52 22.3 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-08-03 2023 215 5 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 95% 260 W8.8 Broken 2.4 17.1 15.4 19.9 261 W0.08 0 0 0 0 0.54 0.04 0.33 9.55 7.35 15.5 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-08-04 2023 216 64100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 318 NW 6.2 Broken 1.2 17.7 15.2 22.0 313 NW 0.04 000000.08 0.88 7.25 7.08 11.8 TrM Meridional MTrough over Central Europe 2023-08-05 2023 217 74100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 235 SW 10.1 Broken 016.1 13.5 19.4 235 SW 0 0 0 0 0.29 0.29 0.38 0.04 10.22 8.93 20.9 TrM Meridional MTrough over Central Europe 2023-08-06 2023 218 1 4 100% 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 298 NW 10.5 Broken 016.4 13.7 19.3 291 W 0000000.58 0.42 12.5 12.44 18.7 TrM Meridional MTrough over Central Europe 2023-08-07 2023 219 2 6 100% 58% 100% 100% 54% 100% 300 NW 6.1 Broken 017.8 12.8 22.7 296 NW 0000000.46 0.54 6.95 6.7 15.4 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-08-08 2023 220 3DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 269 W5.3 Broken 019.7 15.4 24.1 268 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.83 0.08 5.6 5.4 9.8 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-08-09 2023 221 4DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 302 NW 4Broken 020.0 17.1 24.9 294 NW 0.04 0.08 0.08 0000.5 0.29 4.47 3.56 10.9 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-08-10 2023 222 5DWL IOP 1 687% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 125 SE 4.7 Broken 3.4 22.5 16.0 28.9 127 SE 0 0 0.25 0.62 0.12 0004.97 4.68 8.4 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-08-11 2023 223 6DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 91% 228 SW 5.3 Broken 10.5 21.8 18.0 27.1 228 SW 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.21 0.54 04.97 4.13 8.6 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2023-08-12 2023 224 7DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 95% 251 W6.1 Broken 021.3 18.1 26.5 253 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.46 0.5 0.04 6.53 6.17 11.1 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2023-08-13 2023 225 1DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 248 W4.6 Broken 1.8 20.3 16.4 24.8 247 SW 0 0 0 0.04 0.04 0.5 0.42 04.2 3.91 8.9 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2023-08-14 2023 226 2DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 95% 196 S 7 Broken 021.4 16.0 28.9 191 S 0 0 0 0.38 0.17 0.33 0.12 06.67 5.07 10.3 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2023-08-15 2023 227 3DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 306 NW 4.5 Broken 021.3 17.7 25.1 298 NW 0.08 0.08 00000.62 0.21 4.63 3.43 10.8 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2023-08-16 2023 228 4DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 47 NE 5.4 Broken 022.5 17.9 27.8 46 NE 010000005.39 5.3 11.2 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2023-08-17 2023 229 5DWL IOP 1 691% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 58 NE 5.6 Few 023.9 18.6 29.2 62 NE 00.71 0.29 00000 5.9 5.85 9.5 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2023-08-18 2023 230 6DWL IOP 1 691% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 135 SE 6Broken 2.2 25.4 19.5 31.9 140 SE 0 0 0.17 0.42 0.42 0006.73 6.07 12.9 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2023-08-19 2023 231 7DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 83% 237 SW 5.9 Broken 024.0 20.7 27.4 240 SW 0.04 0.04 0 0 0.21 0.42 0.29 05.04 4.09 12.7 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2023-08-20 2023 232 1DWL IOP 1 683% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 3 N 4.7 Few 024.7 18.4 30.8 344 N0.12 0.04 0.21 0.17 0.08 0.17 0.08 0.12 4.27 1.01 9.8 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-08-21 2023 233 2DWL IOP 1 683% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 20 N4.6 Clear 023.5 18.6 29.3 18 N0.71 0.21 000000.08 4.14 3.8 8.1 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-08-22 2023 234 3DWL IOP 1 679% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 61 NE 4.5 Few 025.0 19.2 31.1 67 NE 00.5 0.46 0.04 00004.49 4.01 8.9 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-08-23 2023 235 4DWL IOP 1 675% 100% 100% 100% 100% 91% 90 E5.1 Few 0.4 25.2 18.8 31.9 96 E 0 0.21 0.29 0.5 0 0 0 0 5.1 4.35 11 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-08-24 2023 236 5DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 131 SE 6.9 Broken 023.9 21.3 28.3 136 SE 0.12 00.12 0.46 0.08 0.21 0 0 6.94 3.96 13.1 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-08-25 2023 237 6DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 287 W4.7 Overcast 1.4 20.3 16.8 21.8 282 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.46 0.46 5.17 4.84 8.3 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2023-08-26 2023 238 7DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 239 SW 5.6 Broken 4.1 18.0 14.1 22.7 239 SW 0.08 0 0 0 0 0.75 0.12 0.04 4.77 4.27 9.9 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2023-08-27 2023 239 1DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 286 W6.4 Broken 016.6 13.3 21.0 284 W 0000000.88 0.12 7.63 7.51 12.9 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2023-08-28 2023 240 2DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 327 NW 5.6 Broken 016.8 13.9 21.3 318 NW 0.25 000000.04 0.71 6.42 5.94 11 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2023-08-29 2023 241 3DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 321 NW 4.5 Broken 017.3 13.6 21.2 314 NW 0.25 000000.38 0.38 4.74 4.11 8.4 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2023-08-30 2023 242 4DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 276 W6.7 Broken 1.6 17.0 13.8 20.4 272 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.29 0.42 0.29 7.15 6.5 10.4 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2023-08-31 2023 243 5DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 228 SW 6.5 Overcast 0.2 16.9 13.9 18.9 230 SW 0 0 0 0 0.17 0.62 0.21 06.34 5.81 12.9 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-09-01 2023 244 6DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 218 SW 6.7 Broken 020.0 17.1 23.4 216 SW 0 0 0 0 0.38 0.62 0 0 6.08 5.73 13.1 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-09-02 2023 245 7DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 83 E6.9 Few 022.8 16.5 30.4 85 E 0 0.46 0.25 0.29 00006.75 5.59 11.7 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-09-03 2023 246 1DWL IOP 1 687% 100% 100% 100% 100% 91% 80 E7.6 Few 024.8 18.9 31.8 85 E 0 0.04 0.96 000007.89 7.76 12.2 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-09-04 2023 247 2DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 93 E8.2 Few 024.4 18.2 31.3 97 E 0 0 0.92 0.08 00008.07 7.88 14.2 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-09-05 2023 248 3DWL IOP 1 670% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 136 SE 5.2 Clear 025.9 18.7 33.8 141 SE 0 0 0 0.54 0.38 0.08 0 0 5.26 4.89 12.7 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-09-06 2023 249 4DWL IOP 1 670% 100% 100% 100% 100% 95% 79 E4.1 Clear 026.5 20.8 33.7 75 E0.08 0.54 0.25 0.12 00004.09 3.51 10 SEa Meridional AAnticyclonic South-Easterly 2023-09-07 2023 250 5DWL IOP 1 670% 100% 100% 100% 100% 87% 115 SE 3.1 Clear 025.3 18.0 33.4 121 SE 0.04 0.04 0.17 0.54 00.08 0.08 0.04 2.94 2.14 9.9 SEa Meridional AAnticyclonic South-Easterly 2023-09-08 2023 251 6DWL IOP 1 662% 100% 100% 95% 100% 95% 167 S3.9 Few 027.4 20.2 35.1 168 S 0 0 0.04 0.21 0.67 0.04 00.04 3.76 3.35 7.6 SEa Meridional AAnticyclonic South-Easterly 2023-09-09 2023 252 7DWL IOP 1 662% 100% 100% 100% 100% 75% 148 SE 5.9 Few 027.8 21.5 35.3 150 SE 0 0 0 0.54 0.46 0006.61 6.38 15 Sa Meridional AAnticyclonic Southerly 2023-09-10 2023 253 1DWL IOP 1 666% 100% 100% 100% 100% 75% 156 SE 6.8 Few 027.5 21.1 34.7 155 SE 0 0 0 0.5 0.12 0.08 0.21 0.08 7.51 5.22 15.7 Sa Meridional AAnticyclonic Southerly 2023-09-11 2023 254 2DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 79% 100% 100% 100% 15 N5.3 Broken 10.9 23.7 20.6 27.9 8 N 0.46 0.38 00000.04 0.12 4.74 3.96 10 Sa Meridional AAnticyclonic Southerly 2023-09-12 2023 255 3DWL IOP 1 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 335 NW 3.1 Overcast 0.2 19.2 17.6 21.0 325 NW 0.33 0.04 0000.04 0.17 0.42 2.74 2.12 5.8 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-09-13 2023 256 4DWL IOP 1 5100% 100% 100% 100% 37% 100% 352 N2.7 Broken 019.2 17.1 22.1 346 N 0 0.04 0.12 0.21 0.04 00.17 0.42 2.63 0.67 5.2 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-09-14 2023 257 5 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 122 SE 3.4 Broken 019.8 16.2 25.4 121 SE 0 0 0.38 0.58 0.04 0003.37 3.22 10 SEa Meridional AAnticyclonic South-Easterly 2023-09-15 2023 258 6595% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 130 SE 6.2 Few 021.0 15.9 28.3 133 SE 0 0 0.21 0.62 0.17 0006.14 5.79 12 SEa Meridional AAnticyclonic South-Easterly 2023-09-16 2023 259 74100% 100% 25% 100% 0% 100% 157 SE 4.1 Broken 5.9 21.0 16.5 26.1 147 SE 0 0 0.12 0.46 0.33 00.04 0.04 3.28 2.63 11.5 SEa Meridional AAnticyclonic South-Easterly 2023-09-17 2023 260 1 4 100% 100% 0% 100% 0% 95% 174 S5.9 Broken 6.2 21.3 17.4 26.7 173 S 0 0 0 0.46 0.38 0.08 0.04 0.04 5.74 4.32 19.1 SEa Meridional AAnticyclonic South-Easterly 2023-09-18 2023 261 2 4 100% 100% 33% 100% 0% 100% 235 SW 9.6 Broken 019.2 14.9 24.4 237 SW 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.58 0.33 09.19 8.15 14.7 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2023-09-19 2023 262 3 4 100% 100% 0% 100% 0% 100% 232 SW 9.4 Broken 017.6 13.4 21.5 233 SW 000000.75 0.25 08.41 8.06 12.9 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2023-09-20 2023 263 4 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 205 SW 10.7 Broken 13.1 20.1 15.9 24.4 201 S 0 0 0 0 0.67 0.33 0 0 9.67 9.62 14.5 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2023-09-21 2023 264 5 4 0% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 210 SW 9.2 Overcast 3.2 16.3 13.6 20.0 209 SW 0 0 0 0 0.46 0.46 0.08 08.91 8.44 14.7 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2023-09-22 2023 265 65100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 244 SW 8.9 Broken 013.9 12.4 17.3 246 SW 0 0 0 0 0.17 0.25 0.58 09.45 8.02 13.8 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2023-09-23 2023 266 75100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 269 W 5 Broken 013.9 10.8 17.9 270 W 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.12 0.83 05.7 5.54 12.6 TrW Meridional MTrough over Wester Europe 2023-09-24 2023 267 1 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 165 S6.7 Clear 014.7 8.6 21.9 165 S 0 0 0 0.21 0.71 0.08 0 0 6.94 6.71 11.3 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-09-25 2023 268 2 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 210 SW 4.1 Broken 017.0 10.0 23.9 219 SW 0 0 0.08 0.12 0.12 0.25 0.17 0.25 3.33 1.69 7BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-09-26 2023 269 3 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 190 S5.6 Broken 019.1 14.1 26.2 184 S 0 0 0 0.21 0.54 0.12 0.12 05.33 4.04 8.9 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-09-27 2023 270 4 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 196 S6.7 Broken 020.4 13.8 27.1 193 S 0 0 0 0.04 0.58 0.12 0.25 06.98 5.67 12.7 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2023-09-28 2023 271 5 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 218 SW 5.9 Broken 019.7 16.8 23.0 218 SW 0 0 0 0 0.38 0.25 0.38 05.81 4.64 13.1 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2023-09-29 2023 272 65100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 261 W8.2 Broken 018.8 13.7 21.6 260 W0.08 0.04 0 0 0.08 0.25 0.33 0.21 8.2 6.11 14.2 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2023-09-30 2023 273 75100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 130 SE 3.4 Broken 0.2 16.8 12.1 22.3 132 SE 00.17 0.29 0.33 0.21 0003.14 2.46 9.1 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2023-10-01 2023 274 1 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 184 S5.3 Few 019.3 12.8 27.4 183 S 0 0 0 0 0.92 0.08 0 0 4.61 4.49 8.7 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2023-10-02 2023 275 2 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 197 S7.3 Few 120.9 14.5 28.6 191 S 0 0 0 0 0.67 0.33 0 0 6.76 6.21 15.6 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2023-10-03 2023 276 3 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 280 W8.4 Broken 018.4 13.9 22.3 275 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.17 0.62 0.21 9.65 9.01 14.8 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2023-10-04 2023 277 4 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 289 W4.1 Broken 014.6 10.6 18.2 283 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.17 0.54 0.29 3.49 3.31 10.9 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2023-10-05 2023 278 5 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 225 SW 2.8 Broken 014.8 11.5 20.1 239 SW 0 0 0.04 00.29 0.12 0.25 0.29 2.07 1.18 4.7 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2023-10-06 2023 279 65100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 236 SW 2.9 Few 015.0 9.5 22.0 245 SW 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.67 0.29 02.11 1.91 5.7 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2023-10-07 2023 280 75100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 257 W 4 Clear 017.2 10.8 24.0 262 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.54 0.46 03.65 3.39 6.9 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2023-10-08 2023 281 1 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 202 S2.9 Few 0.2 18.8 12.7 27.2 206 SW 00.08 00.08 0.54 0.04 0.17 0.08 2.57 1.6 6.3 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly
Date Year Day of year Day of week IOP and Radiosoundings Number of DWLs operational (max = 6) Data availability PAROIS DWL Data availability PACHEM DWL Data availability PAJUSS DWL Data availability PALUPD DWL Data availability PAARBO DWL Data availability PASIRT DWL Mean wind direction (300 m) from all running DWLs Mean wind direction category (300 m) from DWLs Mean vector wind speed (300m) from all running DWLs Solar radiation (clear, few, broken, overcast - in Paris area based on daytime conditions) Precipitation (mm day-1) MF Montsouris Weather Station Mean air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris Min air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris Max air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris mean wind direction (°) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean wind direction category from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of N wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of NE wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of E wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of SE wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of S wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of SW wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of W wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of NW wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean scalar wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean vector wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Maximum wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl ID of "Grosswetterlage" (Hess and Brezowsky) Synotic conditions Meridional (m), zonal (z) or mixed Anticyclonic (A), cyclonic (C), or mixed (M) Description of "Grosswetterlage" (Hess and Brezowsky) 2023-10-09 2023 282 2 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 301 NW 4.3 Few 019.1 14.1 26.6 294 NW 0.08 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.54 0.29 4.41 3.95 7.8 Wa Zonal AAnticyclonic Westerly 2023-10-10 2023 283 3 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 239 SW 6.4 Few 019.2 12.5 27.9 239 SW 000000.79 0.17 0.04 4.82 4.48 9.9 Wa Zonal AAnticyclonic Westerly 2023-10-11 2023 284 4 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 237 SW 9Few 3.9 19.0 12.8 25.6 238 SW 000000.67 0.33 07.99 7.5 14.9 Wa Zonal AAnticyclonic Westerly 2023-10-12 2023 285 5 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 237 SW 7.8 Broken 0.4 19.1 16.5 22.5 240 SW 000000.79 0.21 08.18 8.01 13 Wa Zonal AAnticyclonic Westerly 2023-10-13 2023 286 65100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 218 SW 12.8 Broken 1.6 20.8 17.3 25.6 213 SW 0 0 0 0 0.21 0.79 0 0 11.33 11.08 16.8 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-10-14 2023 287 75100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 295 NW 7Broken 013.5 10.6 18.9 291 W 0000000.5 0.5 8.07 7.7 15.8 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-10-15 2023 288 1 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 8 N 6 Few 010.6 8.3 13.5 360 N0.42 0.17 0.12 00000.29 6.45 4.6 10.8 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2023-10-16 2023 289 2 5 100% 91% 100% 100% 0% 100% 85 E9.7 Few 09.3 5.7 13.9 89 E 0 0.04 0.96 000009.39 9.24 13.2 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2023-10-17 2023 290 3 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 93 E7.9 Few 611.1 5.9 16.6 101 E 0 0.04 0.83 0.12 00007.97 7.79 13.8 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2023-10-18 2023 291 4 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 162 S11.7 Overcast 1.4 15.2 11.2 18.6 162 S 0 0 0 0.5 0.25 0.25 0 0 12.31 10.22 20 SEz Meridional CCyclonic South-Easterly 2023-10-19 2023 292 5 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 175 S10.2 Broken 9.7 17.6 15.3 22.5 174 S 0 0 0 0.12 0.83 0.04 0 0 11.18 10.82 16.6 SEz Meridional CCyclonic South-Easterly 2023-10-20 2023 293 65100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 91% 223 SW 6.3 Broken 515.1 13.8 18.4 222 SW 0 0 0 0.04 0.12 0.75 0.08 05.74 5.41 13.3 SEz Meridional CCyclonic South-Easterly 2023-10-21 2023 294 75100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 212 SW 14 Broken 0.2 13.3 12.2 15.9 208 SW 0 0 0 0 0.42 0.58 0 0 13.14 12.96 18.5 TB Meridional CLow over the British Isles 2023-10-22 2023 295 1 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 215 SW 7.2 Broken 6.5 12.8 9.6 16.5 212 SW 0 0 0 0 0.38 0.62 0 0 6.22 5.75 10.8 TB Meridional CLow over the British Isles 2023-10-23 2023 296 2 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 139 SE 7.8 Overcast 1.2 10.8 8.5 12.1 138 SE 0 0 0.17 0.5 00.33 0 0 7.86 5.83 13.9 TB Meridional CLow over the British Isles 2023-10-24 2023 297 3 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 209 SW 7.6 Broken 8.6 12.9 11.2 16.8 206 SW 0 0 0 0 0.38 0.46 0.17 07.75 6.54 14.8 TB Meridional CLow over the British Isles 2023-10-25 2023 298 4 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 229 SW 9.3 Broken 21.8 13.0 10.4 15.2 227 SW 0 0 0 0.04 0.21 0.25 0.5 010.57 7.93 18.4 TB Meridional CLow over the British Isles 2023-10-26 2023 299 5 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 221 SW 7.8 Overcast 1.6 13.2 10.7 15.3 225 SW 0 0 0 0 0.46 0.29 0.25 08.48 7.06 15.6 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-10-27 2023 300 64100% 100% 37% 100% 0% 100% 228 SW 9.4 Broken 9.2 12.2 10.2 15.3 230 SW 000000.88 0.12 09.31 8.97 15.5 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-10-28 2023 301 74100% 100% 0% 100% 0% 100% 200 S12.7 Broken 2.8 12.8 11.4 14.7 197 S 0 0 0 0 0.71 0.29 0 0 12.3 12.16 21 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-10-29 2023 302 1 5 100% 100% 58% 100% 0% 100% 210 SW 12.1 Broken 7.9 13.5 11.5 16.9 209 SW 0 0 0 0 0.38 0.62 0 0 11.28 11.01 18.5 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-10-30 2023 303 2 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 216 SW 7.2 Overcast 0.2 11.3 9.6 13.5 220 SW 0 0 0.04 0.08 0.38 0.38 0.12 07.49 6.26 15.6 TB Meridional CLow over the British Isles 2023-10-31 2023 304 3 5 100% 100% 100% 95% 0% 100% 224 SW 8.6 Broken 412.3 8.4 15.7 224 SW 000000.96 0.04 07.78 7.54 12.8 TB Meridional CLow over the British Isles 2023-11-01 2023 305 4 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 196 S12 Broken 6.4 12.3 11.2 14.2 193 S 0 0 0 0 0.75 0.25 0 0 11.95 11.73 19.2 TB Meridional CLow over the British Isles 2023-11-02 2023 306 5 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 215 SW 17.2 Broken 0.2 11.6 8.4 14.4 212 SW 0 0 0 0 0.21 0.79 0 0 17.36 15.99 30.2 TB Meridional CLow over the British Isles 2023-11-03 2023 307 65100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 220 SW 9.6 Broken 10.5 8.3 5.9 10.5 223 SW 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.75 0 0 9.72 9.39 14.6 TB Meridional CLow over the British Isles 2023-11-04 2023 308 75100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 201 S13.4 Broken 1.8 10.6 8.3 14.9 198 S 0 0 0 0 0.58 0.42 0 0 13.59 12.83 22.5 TB Meridional CLow over the British Isles 2023-11-05 2023 309 1 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 244 SW 13 Broken 0.6 11.4 9.2 14.7 243 SW 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.67 0.29 014.63 14.08 19.6 TB Meridional CLow over the British Isles 2023-11-06 2023 310 2 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 224 SW 9.8 Broken 010.5 8.5 14.5 225 SW 000001008.88 8.8 15.1 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-11-07 2023 311 3 5 100% 100% 95% 100% 0% 100% 238 SW 9.5 Few 1.2 9.7 7.5 13.0 239 SW 0000010011.16 11.15 15.2 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-11-08 2023 312 4 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 203 SW 11.3 Broken 2.4 10.0 7.2 13.1 201 S 0 0 0 0 0.75 0.25 0 0 11.33 10.93 17.5 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-11-09 2023 313 5 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 230 SW 10.1 Broken 2.4 9.7 7.8 11.8 232 SW 000000.79 0.21 010.02 9.44 16.4 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-11-10 2023 314 65100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 245 SW 11.8 Broken 18.9 6.6 12.3 248 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.67 0.33 012.43 11.13 18.9 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-11-11 2023 315 75100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 100% 255 W6.9 Broken 9.9 8.3 6.3 11.9 259 W 0 0 0 0 0.12 0.17 0.71 07.58 6.55 12.1 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-11-12 2023 316 1 5 100% 100% 100% 100% 0% 91% 213 SW 9Overcast 3.4 9.8 6.7 13.1 215 SW 0 0 0 0.21 0.21 0.29 0.29 010.48 7.09 16.3 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-11-13 2023 317 2DWL IOP 2 5100% 100% 100% 100% 16% 100% 234 SW 12.2 Overcast 1.4 14.5 12.0 17.1 235 SW 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.75 0.21 012.28 11.6 19.1 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-11-14 2023 318 3DWL IOP 2 6100% 95% 100% 100% 95% 100% 244 SW 11.9 Overcast 012.5 10.9 13.6 244 SW 000000.62 0.38 013.26 12.71 17.3 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-11-15 2023 319 4DWL IOP 2 5100% 100% 37% 100% 100% 100% 256 W8.8 Broken 20.5 10.8 8.2 13.9 256 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.12 0.88 010.23 10.16 15.5 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-11-16 2023 320 5DWL IOP 2 6100% 100% 100% 100% 95% 100% 183 S7.5 Overcast 2.6 9.0 7.9 10.8 199 S0.12 0 0 0.25 0.25 00.25 0.12 8.53 1.73 17.1 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-11-17 2023 321 6DWL IOP 2 5100% 100% 20% 100% 100% 100% 268 W6.9 Broken 14.1 9.1 7.8 12.2 266 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.92 07.89 7.71 14.3 WW Zonal MMaritime Westerly (Block Eastern Europe) 2023-11-18 2023 322 7DWL IOP 2 5100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 100% 214 SW 10.9 Overcast 011.1 8.7 14.6 212 SW 0 0 0 0 0.29 0.71 0 0 10.4 10.03 14.7 WW Zonal MMaritime Westerly (Block Eastern Europe) 2023-11-19 2023 323 1DWL IOP 2 5100% 100% 33% 100% 100% 100% 242 SW 10.9 Broken 1.2 13.2 10.3 15.3 242 SW 000000.88 0.12 012.25 12.22 15.2 WW Zonal MMaritime Westerly (Block Eastern Europe) 2023-11-20 2023 324 2DWL IOP 2 5100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 100% 248 W10 Broken 2.2 10.9 9.9 12.7 248 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.71 0.17 0.12 11.03 10.16 14.8 WW Zonal MMaritime Westerly (Block Eastern Europe) 2023-11-21 2023 325 3DWL IOP 2 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 346 N7.6 Broken 010.9 9.6 12.2 340 N0.58 0000000.42 8.41 7.91 10.6 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-11-22 2023 326 4Radiosoundings 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 2 N 6 Few 0.2 7.9 5.8 10.2 359 N0.5 0.17 00000.17 0.17 5.93 4.82 11.1 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2023-11-23 2023 327 5Radiosoundings 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 286 W6.7 Overcast 0.4 10.6 7.1 12.5 285 W 0000000.75 0.25 8.31 8.22 12.5 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2023-11-24 2023 328 6DWL IOP 2 6100% 100% 95% 100% 100% 100% 324 NW 9.2 Overcast 09.3 5.0 11.9 317 NW 0.12 000000.12 0.75 11.08 10.57 13.4 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2023-11-25 2023 329 7DWL IOP 2 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 321 NW 8.3 Broken 05.5 3.7 8.0 314 NW 000000019.67 9.62 12.9 Nz Meridional CCyclonic Northerly 2023-11-26 2023 330 1DWL IOP 2 5100% 100% 8% 100% 100% 100% 251 W5.9 Broken 7.2 4.3 1.6 6.9 254 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.33 0.17 5.13 4.31 9.3 Nz Meridional CCyclonic Northerly 2023-11-27 2023 331 2DWL IOP 2 5100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 100% 245 SW 10.8 Overcast 0.4 6.5 4.1 9.3 249 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.62 0.25 0.12 11.14 9.47 16.1 Nz Meridional CCyclonic Northerly 2023-11-28 2023 332 3DWL IOP 2 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 322 NW 6.1 Broken 05.6 3.2 7.1 316 NW 0.25 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.17 0.54 6.89 6.13 17.9 Nz Meridional CCyclonic Northerly 2023-11-29 2023 333 4DWL IOP 2 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 238 SW 5.7 Broken 05.6 2.8 9.6 243 SW 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.62 0.29 05.71 5.41 11.4 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-11-30 2023 334 5DWL IOP 2 5100% 66% 0% 100% 100% 100% 86 E5.5 Broken 04.8 2.8 7.4 89 E 0 0.17 0.67 0.08 0.08 0005.42 4.75 8.3 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-12-01 2023 335 6DWL IOP 2 6100% 75% 100% 100% 100% 100% 29 NE 5.8 Overcast 02.9 0.7 4.9 29 NE 0.33 0.67 0000005.73 5.66 7.9 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-12-02 2023 336 7DWL IOP 2 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 318 NW 4.9 Few 00.7 -1.3 3.4 317 NW 0.38 0 0 0 0 0.12 0.25 0.25 4.73 3.19 7.6 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-12-03 2023 337 1DWL IOP 2 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 185 S10.4 Broken 11.5 1.2 -2.1 3.7 184 S 0 0 0 0 0.92 0.08 0 0 12.01 11.67 16.4 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-12-04 2023 338 2DWL IOP 2 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 188 S12.3 Broken 66.5 3.1 9.5 187 S 0 0 0 0 0.75 0.25 0 0 14.31 12.57 17.9 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-12-05 2023 339 3DWL IOP 2 6100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 271 W10.2 Broken 07.5 6.7 8.9 269 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.79 0.12 12.11 11.65 20.3 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-12-06 2023 340 4DWL IOP 2 50% 100% 100% 100% 100% 95% 314 NW 4.3 Broken 9.9 6.0 3.7 8.7 304 NW 0.25 0 0 0 0.33 0.04 0.04 0.33 4.58 1.53 9.1 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2023-12-07 2023 341 5DWL IOP 2 50% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 156 SE 8.4 Overcast 0.2 4.7 3.0 6.0 161 S 0 0 0 0.33 0.62 0.04 0 0 11.21 10.98 15.3 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2023-12-08 2023 342 6DWL IOP 2 50% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 248 W6.7 Broken 17.1 8.4 6.0 11.3 251 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.38 0.62 07.8 7.64 14.4 HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2023-12-09 2023 343 7DWL IOP 2 50% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 231 SW 13.5 Overcast 3.6 9.7 6.0 13.4 231 SW 0 0 0 0 0.29 0.33 0.38 015.54 12.52 21.6 WW Zonal MMaritime Westerly (Block Eastern Europe) 2023-12-10 2023 344 1DWL IOP 2 50% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 230 SW 11.5 Broken 010.5 8.9 12.7 230 SW 0 0 0 0 0.21 0.62 0.17 012.54 11.66 17.9 WW Zonal MMaritime Westerly (Block Eastern Europe) 2023-12-11 2023 345 2DWL IOP 2 50% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 245 SW 8.5 Broken 211.2 10.1 12.9 248 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.67 0.33 09.33 9.14 15.3 WW Zonal MMaritime Westerly (Block Eastern Europe) 2023-12-12 2023 346 3 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 226 SW 8.5 Broken 2.2 11.6 10.4 12.9 227 SW 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.92 0 0 8.32 8.22 13.7 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-12-13 2023 347 4 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 278 W8.1 Broken 0.8 8.8 7.6 10.4 275 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.29 0.25 0.46 9.75 8.4 13.8 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-12-14 2023 348 5 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 302 NW 7.1 Broken 0.6 8.2 7.7 8.7 298 NW 000000.17 0.25 0.58 8.37 7.45 14.3 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2023-12-15 2023 349 650% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 318 NW 4.3 Broken 09.3 7.8 10.9 314 NW 0.12 0.04 00000.25 0.58 5.07 4.47 7.7 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2023-12-16 2023 350 7Radiosoundings 50% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 245 SW 2.6 Few 07.2 3.1 11.7 268 W0.04 00.04 00.04 0.29 0.42 0.17 2.06 1.41 5.4 Wa Zonal AAnticyclonic Westerly 2023-12-17 2023 351 1 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 75% 179 S4.2 Few 02.8 0.5 5.3 187 S 0 0 0 0 0.75 0.21 0.04 05.6 5.14 10.6 Wa Zonal AAnticyclonic Westerly 2023-12-18 2023 352 2 5 0% 100% 75% 100% 100% 79% 231 SW 4.2 Overcast 2.2 1.9 0.7 3.2 239 SW 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.67 0.29 03.82 3.7 8Wa Zonal AAnticyclonic Westerly 2023-12-19 2023 353 3 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 236 SW 9.5 Broken 06.7 3.2 9.8 240 SW 000000.83 0.04 0.12 9.36 8.1 15.9 Wa Zonal AAnticyclonic Westerly 2023-12-20 2023 354 4 4 0% 100% 33% 100% 100% 100% 277 W9.3 Broken 0.4 8.4 5.7 9.9 275 W 0000000.83 0.17 11.86 11.28 15.3 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2023-12-21 2023 355 5 4 0% 100% 0% 100% 100% 100% 274 W12.3 Overcast 111.1 9.4 12.2 269 W 0000001015.58 15.2 19.7 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2023-12-22 2023 356 650% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 283 W11.8 Overcast 010.5 9.1 11.7 278 W 0000001014.62 14.59 18.7 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2023-12-23 2023 357 750% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 261 W9.7 Overcast 010.6 9.0 12.2 261 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.96 012.22 12.15 15.6 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2023-12-24 2023 358 1 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 239 SW 11.4 Broken 011.3 9.6 12.6 239 SW 000000.92 0.08 011.52 11.47 15.3 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2023-12-25 2023 359 2 4 0% 100% 20% 100% 100% 100% 238 SW 10.1 Overcast 0.4 11.8 11.2 12.5 236 SW 000001009.99 9.96 13.3 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-12-26 2023 360 3 4 0% 100% 0% 100% 100% 100% 235 SW 7.8 Broken 010.8 9.7 11.6 234 SW 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.96 0 0 7.78 7.59 13.3 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-12-27 2023 361 4 5 0% 87% 100% 100% 100% 95% 206 SW 10.1 Broken 09.7 7.8 11.0 203 SW 0 0 0 0 0.71 0.29 0 0 10.77 10.6 15.1 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-12-28 2023 362 5 4 0% 100% 12% 100% 100% 100% 222 SW 10.2 Broken 110.3 8.8 11.8 219 SW 00000100 8.5 8.48 11.9 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly
Date Year Day of year Day of week IOP and Radiosoundings Number of DWLs operational (max = 6) Data availability PAROIS DWL Data availability PACHEM DWL Data availability PAJUSS DWL Data availability PALUPD DWL Data availability PAARBO DWL Data availability PASIRT DWL Mean wind direction (300 m) from all running DWLs Mean wind direction category (300 m) from DWLs Mean vector wind speed (300m) from all running DWLs Solar radiation (clear, few, broken, overcast - in Paris area based on daytime conditions) Precipitation (mm day-1) MF Montsouris Weather Station Mean air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris Min air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris Max air temperature (°C) at Paris Montsouris mean wind direction (°) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean wind direction category from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of N wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of NE wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of E wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of SE wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of S wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of SW wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of W wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Fraction of NW wind from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean scalar wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Mean vector wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl Maximum wind speed (m s^-1) from Eiffel tower at 330 m agl ID of "Grosswetterlage" (Hess and Brezowsky) Synotic conditions Meridional (m), zonal (z) or mixed Anticyclonic (A), cyclonic (C), or mixed (M) Description of "Grosswetterlage" (Hess and Brezowsky) 2023-12-29 2023 363 640% 100% 0% 100% 100% 100% 231 SW 11 Broken 010.5 9.0 11.8 230 SW 0000010011.06 11.01 17.4 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-12-30 2023 364 750% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 207 SW 10.5 Broken 1.4 9.3 6.9 11.2 207 SW 0 0 0 0 0.62 0.38 0 0 10.89 10.19 15.7 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2023-12-31 2023 365 1 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 219 SW 13.5 Broken 6.3 9.3 7.1 11.4 217 SW 0 0 0 0 0.21 0.79 0 0 13.86 13.24 17.9 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2024-01-01 2024 1 2 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 221 SW 11.9 Overcast 10.2 8.3 6.1 10.9 223 SW 0 0 0 0 0.29 0.71 0 0 13.07 12.38 17.9 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2024-01-02 2024 2 3 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 221 SW 16.4 Broken 611.0 10.1 12.0 220 SW 000000.96 0.04 016.37 15.93 22.8 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2024-01-03 2024 3 4 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 239 SW 13.2 Broken 010.7 8.6 12.7 239 SW 000000.75 0.25 015.25 15.06 20.6 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2024-01-04 2024 4 5 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 218 SW 10.9 Broken 09.6 7.5 11.1 217 SW 0 0 0 0 0.38 0.42 0.21 012 10.7 17.6 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2024-01-05 2024 5650% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 265 W8.1 Broken 0.8 7.7 6.1 9.8 265 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.29 0.5 0.21 9.48 8.54 14.3 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2024-01-06 2024 6750% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 334 NW 7.7 Overcast 06.2 5.1 7.4 329 NW 0.21 0000000.79 8.74 8.58 11.5 HNFz Meridional C High Scandinavia-Iceland, Trough Central Europe 2024-01-07 2024 7 1 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 6 N 8.4 Overcast 0.4 3.4 0.2 5.1 1 N 0.92 0.08 000000 9.1 8.8 11.5 HNFz Meridional C High Scandinavia-Iceland, Trough Central Europe 2024-01-08 2024 8 2 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 37 NE 7.8 Broken 0-0.7 -1.4 0.2 33 NE 01000000 87.99 11.5 HNFz Meridional C High Scandinavia-Iceland, Trough Central Europe 2024-01-09 2024 9 3 5 0% 100% 79% 100% 100% 100% 68 E5.5 Broken 0-1.6 -2.2 -1.2 68 E 0 0.58 0.42 000006.01 5.73 8.6 HB Meridional AHigh over the British Isles 2024-01-10 2024 10 4 4 0% 100% 0% 100% 100% 100% 65 NE 4.8 Few 0-0.5 -1.9 1.2 71 E 0 0.42 0.58 000004.81 4.77 9.1 HB Meridional AHigh over the British Isles 2024-01-11 2024 11 5Radiosoundings 50% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 33 NE 8.2 Clear 00.0 -1.5 2.5 39 NE 0.42 0.33 0.25 000008.58 7.88 12.8 HB Meridional AHigh over the British Isles 2024-01-12 2024 12 650% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 33 NE 6.4 Overcast 01.9 -0.1 3.5 32 NE 0.12 0.88 0000006.93 6.88 13.2 HB Meridional AHigh over the British Isles 2024-01-13 2024 13 750% 100% 100% 100% 100% 95% 125 SE 1.8 Overcast 0-1.0 -1.9 0.0 103 E0.04 0.21 0.25 0.25 0.17 0.04 0.04 01.72 1.14 4.6 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2024-01-14 2024 14 1 4 0% 100% 4% 100% 100% 100% 252 W 3 Broken 0-1.5 -2.8 0.2 257 W0.04 00.04 0.12 0.17 0.33 0.29 03.08 2.21 10.5 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2024-01-15 2024 15 2 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 308 NW 6.4 Broken 02.1 -1.0 5.0 301 NW 0.08 0.08 00000.38 0.46 7.79 7.13 13.6 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2024-01-16 2024 16 3 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 142 SE 3.5 Few 25.9 -0.2 -3.1 4.1 146 SE 0 0 0.04 0.58 0.38 0003.66 3.55 9.9 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2024-01-17 2024 17 4 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 132 SE 6.6 Overcast 7.1 1.9 -0.2 5.4 140 SE 0.17 0.17 00.33 0.12 0.12 0.04 0.04 6.59 2.32 10.9 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2024-01-18 2024 18 5 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 359 N7.8 Broken 00.9 -0.5 3.1 343 N0.21 0.08 0.04 00000.42 6.73 6.08 10.1 WS Zonal MSouth-Shifted Westerly 2024-01-19 2024 19 650% 100% 100% 100% 100% 95% 28 NE 3.1 Few 00.1 -1.7 5.4 15 N0.46 0.21 0.04 0.25 0000.04 3.32 2.08 7ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2024-01-20 2024 20 750% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 160 S5.1 Few 0-0.7 -3.9 3.1 162 S 0 0 0 0.58 0.42 0006.03 5.91 16.4 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2024-01-21 2024 21 1 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 209 SW 12.5 Overcast 2.2 4.6 -1.0 9.9 204 SW 0 0 0 0 0.46 0.54 0 0 12.1 12.04 20.5 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2024-01-22 2024 22 2 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 238 SW 14.2 Broken 0.4 11.0 8.7 13.3 238 SW 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.42 0.54 015.53 14.31 22.1 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2024-01-23 2024 23 3 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 233 SW 11.4 Overcast 0.8 10.0 7.6 13.9 235 SW 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.58 0.33 011.93 11.23 18.8 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2024-01-24 2024 24 4 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 258 W9.5 Broken 0.6 13.4 11.4 14.5 257 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.75 011.72 11.38 18.5 Wz Zonal CCyclonic Westerly 2024-01-25 2024 25 5 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 235 SW 5.7 Broken 111.4 10.2 13.5 236 SW 0.08 0 0 0.04 0.04 0.71 0.04 0.08 6.12 5.51 12.4 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2024-01-26 2024 26 650% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 273 W8.1 Broken 010.2 5.2 12.3 273 W0.12 0 0 0 0 0.38 0.04 0.46 8.8 6.38 18.1 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2024-01-27 2024 27 750% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 126 SE 5.8 Few 04.7 1.4 8.6 131 SE 00.08 0.21 0.71 00006.31 5.84 13.3 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2024-01-28 2024 28 1 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 173 S8.6 Few 05.1 1.5 9.1 180 S 0 0 0 0.04 0.83 0.12 0 0 8.95 8.31 13.6 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2024-01-29 2024 29 2 5 0% 100% 54% 100% 100% 100% 214 SW 9.8 Broken 08.9 4.1 14.4 213 SW 0 0 0 0 0.38 0.62 0 0 8.63 8.13 14.4 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2024-01-30 2024 30 3 4 0% 100% 45% 100% 100% 100% 259 W6.4 Broken 010.1 8.2 11.6 263 W0.25 0 0 0 0 0.38 0.29 0.08 6.16 4.77 10.6 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2024-01-31 2024 31 4 5 0% 100% 95% 100% 100% 100% 230 SW 5.9 Broken 1.4 8.3 5.6 10.4 230 SW 0.04 0.17 0.04 0.17 0.04 0.25 0.29 06.33 3.54 14.7 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2024-02-01 2024 32 5 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 286 W5.7 Overcast 010.2 7.4 12.1 281 W0.12 000000.42 0.46 7.01 6.21 13.9 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2024-02-02 2024 33 650% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 258 W5.4 Broken 0.2 6.9 3.9 10.4 261 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.92 06.17 6.06 12.1 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2024-02-03 2024 34 750% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 272 W6.4 Overcast 09.8 8.5 10.9 272 W 00000010 8.5 8.48 11.3 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2024-02-04 2024 35 1 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 257 W7.3 Overcast 09.9 9.5 10.7 260 W 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.92 09.23 9.16 11.8 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2024-02-05 2024 36 2 5 0% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 239 SW 7.3 Overcast 08.7 7.6 9.6 242 SW 000000.75 0.25 07.55 7.42 11.9 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2024-02-06 2024 37 3 5 0% 100% 100% 79% 100% 100% 227 SW 11 Broken 5.8 10.1 7.6 12.2 229 SW 0000010011.65 11.64 15.1 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2024-02-07 2024 38 4 4 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 230 12.1 Overcast 6.4 11.6 11.0 12.4 230 SW 000000.96 0.04 012.24 12.12 14.6 NWz Mixed CCyclonic North-Westerly 2024-02-08 2024 39 5 4 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 213 SW 11.7 Overcast 012.1 10.2 13.9 240 SW 000000.04 0 0 10.65 10.65 10.7 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2024-02-09 2024 40 640% 100% 100% 0% 62% 100% 203 SW 11.1 Overcast 6.3 11.6 9.6 14.0 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2024-02-10 2024 41 730% 100% 100% 0% 0% 95% 221 SW 6.3 Overcast 0.6 8.6 6.9 10.6 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A TB Meridional CLow over the British Isles 2024-02-11 2024 42 1 3 0% 100% 100% 0% 0% 100% 245 SW 9.6 Broken 09.0 6.8 11.0 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A TB Meridional CLow over the British Isles 2024-02-12 2024 43 2 4 0% 100% 100% 0% 58% 100% 273 W 5 Broken 0.2 7.6 4.8 11.0 #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A TB Meridional CLow over the British Isles 2024-02-13 2024 44 3 4 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 212 SW 7.8 Broken 0.2 7.6 3.3 10.5 199 S 0 0 0 0 0.33 0.12 0 0 9.26 9.17 13.7 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2024-02-14 2024 45 4 4 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 216 SW 9.2 Broken 012.4 9.9 15.7 215 SW 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.75 0 0 8.27 8.07 12.5 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2024-02-15 2024 46 5 4 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 180 S8.5 Broken 0.2 14.1 9.9 18.7 183 S 00001000 9.9 9.61 15.3 SWa Mixed AAnticyclonic South-Westerly 2024-02-16 2024 47 640% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 267 W8.2 Overcast 013.3 10.9 15.4 265 W 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.38 0.04 0.54 8.86 6.68 13.4 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2024-02-17 2024 48 740% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 238 SW 4.1 Broken 3.4 11.7 8.6 15.7 253 W 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.38 0.04 0.33 3.39 2.33 7.2 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2024-02-18 2024 49 1 4 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 239 SW 9.7 Overcast 0.2 9.7 7.2 12.2 243 SW 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.58 0.33 09.71 8.25 13.5 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2024-02-19 2024 50 2 4 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 288 W7.3 Broken 010.8 8.6 11.8 283 W 0000000.71 0.29 8.84 8.56 12 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2024-02-20 2024 51 3 4 0% 100% 62% 0% 100% 100% 246 SW 5.5 Overcast 11.1 8.6 7.3 10.5 250 W 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.62 0.12 0.21 5.36 4.13 10.1 NWa Mixed AAnticyclonic North-Westerly 2024-02-21 2024 52 4 4 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 211 SW 11.3 Overcast 13.3 8.9 6.6 11.4 208 SW 0 0 0 0 0.33 0.67 0 0 10.91 10.75 16.6 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2024-02-22 2024 53 5 4 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 228 SW 13.8 Broken 0.6 10.7 5.4 13.4 226 SW 0 0 0 0 0.17 0.58 0.25 014.14 13.03 27.3 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2024-02-23 2024 54 640% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 217 SW 9.7 Broken 5.2 6.2 4.5 9.8 213 SW 000001008.25 8.21 11.5 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2024-02-24 2024 55 740% 95% 100% 0% 100% 100% 216 SW 9Broken 5.6 5.8 3.4 9.3 213 SW 0 0 0 0 0.29 0.71 0 0 8.48 8.26 14.4 SWz Mixed CCyclonic South-Westerly 2024-02-25 2024 56 1 4 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 168 S8.8 Overcast 8.8 7.0 5.0 9.0 165 S 0 0 0 0.42 0.46 0.12 0 0 10.46 9.31 16 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2024-02-26 2024 57 2 4 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 33 NE 9.1 Overcast 07.8 5.9 10.2 30 NE 0.5 0.08 0.12 0.04 0.25 0009.76 5.9 16.4 ÜUndefined MTransistion / Undefined 2024-02-27 2024 58 3 4 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 360 N8.9 Broken 06.7 5.1 9.5 353 N0.75 0000000.25 9.36 8.93 14.1 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2024-02-28 2024 59 4 4 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 241 SW 5.5 Broken 4.2 7.1 2.7 11.2 260 W0.04 0 0 0 0.12 0.5 00.33 4.77 2.4 12 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2024-02-29 2024 60 5 3 0% 45% 100% 0% 100% 100% 203 SW 9Overcast 9.2 7.0 10.7 204 SW 0 0 0 0 0.75 0.17 0.08 09.6 8.44 15.4 BM Mixed AZonal Ridge across Central Europe 2024-03-01 2024 61 640% 66% 75% 0% 100% 100% 203 SW 10.7 Broken #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A Sz Meridional CCyclonic Southerly 2024-03-02 2024 62 730% 100% 50% 0% 100% 100% 198 S7.6 Broken #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A Sz Meridional CCyclonic Southerly 2024-03-03 2024 63 1 4 0% 100% 100% 0% 100% 100% 320 NW 5Broken #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A Sz Meridional CCyclonic Southerly 2024-03-04 2024 64 2 4 0% 66% 100% 0% 100% 100% 212 SW 5.2 Few #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe 2024-03-05 2024 65 3 1 0% 0% 0% 0% 83% 100% 236 SW 7.1 Broken #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A #N/A HFz Meridional C Scandinavian High, Trough Central Europe