THE INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN ORATORY AND LITERATURE

SCIENCE AND INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 10 OCTOBER 2025 ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ 52 THE INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN ORATORY AND LITERATURE I.E. Salimov Doctoral student of the Department of Philosophy of the National University of Uzbekistan https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17445481 Abstract. This article explores the interrelationship between oratory and literature, examining their significant roles in shaping social, cultural, and political transformation. The study emphasizes how both forms of expression have historically influenced societal values, intellectual discourse, and human development. It analyzes the persuasive power of oratory in public communication, as well as literature’s reflective nature in fostering critical thought and societal critique. Additionally, the paper discusses how modern communication platforms, such as social media, have amplified the impact of both oratory and literature in contemporary society. The article concludes by highlighting their continued relevance in addressing global and local issues, advocating for social change, and promoting cultural development. Keywords: oratory, Literature, Social Change, Public Discourse, Communication, Rhetoric, Cultural Transformation, Critical Thinking, Modern Society, Media Platforms. Introduction Oratory and literature play an important role in the process of human thought. In addition, they are often closely related. In the art of oratory, the speaker addresses the listener verbally, in which his clothing, tone, demeanor, facial expression, and hand gestures play an important role, while in literature, all this is done by words, through words the writer influences a person, makes him cry, laugh, and convinces him of his opinion. This article analyzes the relationship between the two areas mentioned above - oratory and literature. At the heart of both oratory and literature is the word. Oratory, first of all, aims to influence the listener. The speaker's goal is to convince the listener. A teacher tries to convince of the necessity of this subject, a politician of the justice of his movement, a merchant of the excellence of his product, and a death of the truthfulness of his idea. The tasks of literature are much broader. For example, educationalism prevails in oriental literature. Eastern literature teaches the reader to distinguish good from evil, morality, kindness, and humanity. In addition, literature serves to expand a person's thinking and enriches his knowledge. Literature also enhances a person's aesthetic taste. Both oratory and literature arose from the human need for communication. Since ancient times, man has wanted to express himself, explain his thoughts and feelings to others, and leave a mark on himself. The oldest examples of literature are folk oral works, songs, ballads, fairy tales, and legends. In them, we can see people's thoughts about themselves, about the environment, and about others. In turn, literature has been the bearer of the spiritual heritage of humanity. Through literature, we can easily learn what our ancestors felt, how they lived, how they talked, and what were their priority issues. The more skillful the writer is, the better he understands life, and the greater his vocabulary, the more understandable his work will be to us. Abdurauf Fitrat includes literature among the fine arts. He argues that if a person can evoke in others the same feeling that he experienced, then this is true literature. Works written with such SCIENCE AND INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 10 OCTOBER 2025 ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ 53 skill can stand the test of time. Fitrat includes five other types of fine arts in addition to literature. In this, they are classified and given different names depending on what the art is based on. If there is melody at the core of art, it is music, if there are colors, it is fine art, if there is stone or clay, it is sculpture, if there is earth, it is architecture, if there are movements of the hands and feet, it is dance, and if there is words, it is literature. Therefore, literature is the skillful use of words, that is, raising them to the level of art. Literature itself is usually used in two different, broad and narrow senses. In the broad sense, literature includes any book, while in the narrow sense, it covers only fiction. The type that we associate with the art of oratory is precisely this - fiction. The science that studies only fiction is literary criticism. But fiction is so broad and rich that it means much more than a specific subject of science. Fiction shows the dreams, aspirations, past, spiritual image, worldview of mankind. Literature unites people. Fans of a certain book become a community. They understand each other well. Literature does not just tell about reality, it penetrates the human soul. Through literature, a person learns to love his homeland, his neighbor, the world, and humanistic feelings are formed in it. Literature gives a person aesthetic pleasure. People who read a lot of books have a strong sense of nostalgia. They enjoy the natural landscapes, the characters of the characters, dialogues, escapes, word games in books, and involuntarily master the art of oratory. In addition, literature illuminates social problems. Some books cover an entire era. Tahir Malik's novel "The Devil" describes the situation at the end of the last century, while Theodore Dreiser's "An American Tragedy" describes the tragic consequences of capitalism in America. The most important task of literature is to spiritually develop a person. Literature expresses the most delicate, most delicate feelings of the human soul. It shows the spiritual image of society. It differs from other arts in that its main raw material is words. It calls on a person to do good deeds, to be kind, to be a good person. Through literature, values are preserved, passed down from generation to generation, and refined. National literature encompasses the entire culture of a particular people, the literature of each nation is concentrated and reflects the entire history of humanity. It spiritually develops a person. Today, the world has developed rapidly. Technical progress has reached an unprecedented level. Despite this, books are still being printed and read. Literature, as an art of speech, will never die. Oratory, like literature, dates back to ancient times. Although many attribute its emergence as a science to Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, sources related to oratory can be found in Egypt, India, China, and even more ancient countries, Babylon, and Assyria. Literature is divided into oral and written. Until the invention of writing, literature was in oral form. Therefore, the art of oratory appeared before literature. Today, literature serves as a precursor to oratory. The main impetus for the emergence of the art of oratory is the strengthening of social ties. When people united as a society, trade, government, and order were formed, the ability to speak well, persuade, persuade people, and negotiate began to gain importance. In ancient times, whoever could persuade people had all the power in his hands. For example, Cicero said: “In history, one must be either a good commander or a good orator.” Just as a commander has many soldiers at his disposal, an orator has many words at his disposal. Whoever can use them effectively becomes a leader. In the ancient West, Aristotle, Demosthenes, Cicero, and Quintilian wrote works on the art of oratory. In the East, Abu Rayhan Beruni, Abu Nasr Al-Farabi, Abu Ali Ibn Sina, Abu Abdullah alKhwarizmi, Mahmud Kashgari, Mahmud Zamakhshari, Yusuf Khos-Hajib, Ahmad Yugnaki, Sufi Alloyor, Abdurakhman Jamiu, and Alisher Navoi wrote works on the art of oratory. SCIENCE AND INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL VOLUME 4 ISSUE 10 OCTOBER 2025 ISSN: 2181-3337 | SCIENTISTS.UZ 54 The first sources about the art of oratory come from Homer's epics "Iliad" and "Odyssey". These epics emphasize that in ancient times, orators such as Hector, Achilles, Odysseus, as well as Menelaus and Nestor lived on Greek soil. Homer also talks about these against the background of other events. Each of them belongs to a separate direction of oratory, and some of them are said to have studied in the school of oratory. For example, Achilles is said to have studied under a man named Phoenix. From this it is known that oratory had its own schools since ancient times. Although the first information about the art of oratory dates back to Ancient Greece, its history can be linked to the formation of the first statehood. Because speech and oratory skills are required to gather people and keep them together. At the same time, when we say oratory, the word art is also mentioned alongside it. After all, legal proceedings in Ancient Greece were a great impetus for the development of the art of oratory. At that time, both the plaintiff and the defendant had to be able to state their claims themselves. Whoever's speech was successful and convincing won. To convince the jury and influence the audience, it was necessary to speak systematically, justify each idea, in a word, oratorical skills. However, not everyone had the skill of oratory. As a result, logographers appeared. They helped the participants in the trial. They carefully studied their cases and wrote down the statements that had to be said during the trial. In a sense, they performed the functions of modern lawyers. They received a fee for their services. The fact that this became a profitable industry stimulated the rapid development of the art of oratory. Thus, judicial oratory, then political oratory, arose, and later epideictic oratory, consisting of a hymn, appeared. In addition to the logographers who wrote down speeches in the courts, synegoros also participated. Unlike logographers, they directly participated in the courts and literally performed the functions of modern lawyers. Since not everyone had the skills of oratory to justify themselves, the ancient judicial system allowed hiring someone to speak on their behalf. Synegoros took on this very task. In Athens in the 5th century BC, oratory was not considered a literary activity, speeches at that time were only oral and not written down. The art of oratory was considered simply an everyday necessity. Oratory was first considered as a scientific activity by the Sophists. They studied the activities and speeches of their predecessors and tried to substantiate them theoretically. Thus, they laid the foundation for “Rhetoric”. Those who taught the art of oratory at that time were called rhetors. Entire schools teaching the art of oratory emerged. Beautiful speech is an art. Oratory is one of the oldest of the arts. Conclusion. History shows that literature and oratory have always been closely related. Both literature and oratory rely on words. The orator uses artistic colors to make his speech beautiful. The tools of fiction make speech beautiful and impressive. Both serve to spread moral and spiritual ideas. Fiction teaches the speaker to speak beautifully. Therefore, these two areas are always in contact with each other. REFERENCES 1. Foucault, Michel. The Archaeology of Knowledge. New York: Pantheon Books, 1972. 2. Habermas, Jürgen. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. MIT Press, 1991. 3. 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