STUDY OF ELECTRONIC WASTE RECYCLING IN UZBEKISTAN BASED ON THE EXPERIENCE OF UZVTORTSVETMET AND THE ALMALYK MINING AND METALLURGICAL COMPLEX

ISSUE 10 Acceptance of papers October, 2025 Acceptance of papers Published monthly Topics economics, technology, social sciences INNOVATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY t.me/scupus_IST2100 2https://ist-journal.uz t.me/scupus_IST2100 Sharipov Kongiratbay Avezimbetovich, Doctor of Technical Sciences (DSc), Professor Ahmed Aziz Ismail Doctor of Technical Sciences (DSc), Professor (Egypt) Cham Tat Huei, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Professor (Malaysia) Asongu Simplice Doctor of Philosophy in Economics (PhD), Cameroon Abdurakhmanova Gulnora Kalandarovna, Doctor of Economic Sciences (DSc), Professor Lee Chin Doctor of Philosophy in Economics (PhD), (Malaysia) Muhammad Imran Sadiq Doctor of Philosophy in Economics (PhD), Professor, Malaysia Rui Dang Doctor of Chemistry (DSc), Professor, China Zahoor Ahmed Doctor of Philosophy in Economics (PhD), Turkey Shujaat Abbas Doctor of Philosophy in Economics (PhD), Russia Tina A Coffelt Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Sciences (PhD), USA Electronic publication, Issue 10. 192 pages. Approved for publication on October 24, 2025. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Mirzaliyev Sanjar Makhamatjon ugli DEPUTY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Makhmudov Nosir Makhmudovich DSc., Prof., Academican DEPUTY EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Ochilov Bobur Bakhtiyor ugli – Senior lecturer at TSUI THE SCIENTIFIC-POPULAR ELECTRONIC JOURNAL "INNOVATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY" HAS BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE NUMBER C-5669633 BY THE AGENCY FOR INFORMATION AND MASS COMMUNICATIONS (AOKA) OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN, EFFECTIVE FROM OCTOBER 9, 2024. The scientific electronic journal “Innovation Science and Technology” has been included in the list of scientific publications recommended for the publication of main scientific results of dissertations for the award of PhD and DSc degrees in economics and technical sciences, in accordance with the Resolution No. 370 of the Presidium of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan, dated May 8, 2025. CONTACTS Phone: +998 50 737 87 88 Website: https://ist-journal.uz Email: [email protected] Editorial board: CONTENTS SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, SCIENTIFIC, AND TECHNICAL ACADEMIC JOURNAL01.10.2025-YEAR t.me/scupus_IST2100 3 https://ist-journal.uz CONTENTS WAYS TO EXPAND THE COMPANY’S POSITION IN THE FURNITURE MARKET .................................................... 6 Musayeva Shoira Azimovna DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF MEDICINAL PLANT PROCESSING .....................................................................................................................................11 Usmonov Mirgulom Khoshim ogli POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN AZERBAIJAN AND UZBEKISTAN: HISTORY, CHALLENGES, AND PROSPECTS .............................................................................................................................................................................17 Naila Ramazanova ANALYZING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF REGIONAL ECONOMIES USING MULTI-CRITERIA INDICES AND MODEL OPTIMIZATION ..................................................................................................................................23 Sattorov Sanjar Abdumurodovich ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES OF MODERNIZING THE EDUCATION SYSTEM THROUGH INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES ................................................................................................................................................... 28 Rakhmatkhodjayev Akhrorkhodja Akmal ugli XORIJIY MAMLAKATLAR KORPORATIV BOSHQARUV VA INNOVATSION RIVOJLANISH MODELLARINING QIYOSIY TAHLILI.......................................................................................................................................34 Ismailov Allayor Rashidovich DIGITALIZATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE DIFFERENCE ACCOUNTING: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS IN EMERGING ECONOMIES ...................................................................................... 41 Pulatov Sirojbek, Misirov Kamoldin ВЛИЯНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ НА ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ СТРАНЫ ...............................................................................................................47 Ташмухамедова Яйра Атхамовна MAIN MEASURES TO STRENGTHEN EMPLOYMENT STABILITY AND IMPROVE EMPLOYMENT MANAGEMENT IN UZBEKISTAN ..............................................................................................................................................52 Abdullayeva Nigora Shamsiddinovna ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF INVESTMENTS ON THE CREATION OF NEW JOBS ....................................................................................................................................................................................57 Shayzak R. Kholmuminov, Shukhrat Sh. Kholmuminov RAQAMLASHTIRISH VA YASHIL TURIZM KONSEPSIYASI ASOSIDA TURIZM SOHASINING BARQAROR RIVOJLANISHI .........................................................................................................................................................68 Xaitov Oxunjon Nomoz o‘g‘li IQTISODIYOTDA DAVLAT ISHTIROKINI QISQARTIRISH ORQALI XUSUSIY SEKTOR ROLINI OSHIRISHNING IJTIMOIY MUHITGA TA’SIRI ......................................................................................................................73 Musurmonqulov Muhammad DIAGNOSIS OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE DEVELOPMENT IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: METHODS AND RESULTS ............................................................................................................................................................77 Abduxamidova Dilorom Abdumuminovna MULTIMADANIY MUHITDA PEDAGOGLARNING TANQIDIY FIKRLASH KO‘NIKMALARINI SHAKLLANTIRISH MEXANIZMLARI ....................................................................................................................................... 81 Gulyamova Nafisa Burikulovna WAYS TO IMPROVE MARKETING SERVICES IN A FURNITURE MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISE ..............85 Mukhtarov Samadjon Abdusattor ugli THE ROLE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (SMES) IN ENHANCING UZBEKISTAN’S EXPORT PERFORMANCE .............................................................................................................................90 Abduvoitov Bekzod Khikmatullaevich, Dr. Navik Istikomah, S.E., M.Si OPPORTUNITIES FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM SECTOR WITH THE HELP OF AN INNOVATIVE IT PLATFORM ..................................................................................................................99 Nasrullaev Hikmatullo Habibulloevich CONTENTS SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, SCIENTIFIC, AND TECHNICAL ACADEMIC JOURNAL 01.10.2025-YEAR t.me/scupus_IST2100 4https://ist-journal.uz DIGITALIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FOR EXPORT ............................................................................105 Azimov R.B. IQTISODIYOTDA TO‘G‘RIDAN-TO‘G‘RI XORIJIY INVESTITSIYALARNI ROLINI OSHIRISH ............................109 Ruzibayeva Nargiza Xakimovna, Ro‘ziqulov Abduqahhor Ixtiyor o‘g‘li SUSTAINABLE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION STRATEGIES FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE ........................114 Kurolov Maksud Obitovich THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE METAL MARKET AND THE ROLE OF SMALL BUSINESSES IN IT ..............129 Musinov Dilshod Sultanovich ANALYSIS OF EXISTING TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM OF WATERING GAS WELLS .....................................................................................................................................................................................134 Abdirazakov Akmal Ibrahimovich, Boymurodov Boynazar Muradillayevich РЕФОРМЫ РЕЛИГИОЗНО-ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫ УЗБЕКИСТАНА ..................................................... 140 Тиллябаева Гульсунхон Бахрамовна MODELS FOR ENHANCING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL BUSINESS ENTERPRISES ...................... 144 Melibayeva Gulxon Nazrullayevna TEXTILES AND SEWING-KNITTING INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND PRODUCTION VOLUME FORECAST ...................................................................................................................................................................152 Ikrоmova Takhmina Latifovna BIG DATA VA PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS YORDAMIDA KORXONA MOLIYAVIY RISKLARNI BASHORAT QILISH VA BOSHQARISH .................................................................................................................................. 159 Karimov Xondamir Jamshid o‘g‘li WAYS TO IMPROVE ALTERNATIVE FINANCING OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES ..............................................166 Boboqulov Akmal Muborakbekovich VENTURE CAPITAL IN UZBEKISTAN: ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT, KEY CHALLENGES, POLICY IMPLICATIONS .............................................................................................................................................................................. 173 Umidjon Khoshimov STUDY OF ELECTRONIC WASTE RECYCLING IN UZBEKISTAN BASED ON THE EXPERIENCE OF UZVTORTSVETMET AND THE ALMALYK MINING AND METALLURGICAL COMPLEX ........................... 183 Musayev Marufjan Nabievich, Ergashev Sardor Bakhtiyor ogli SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, SCIENTIFIC, AND TECHNICAL ACADEMIC JOURNAL INNOVATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 01.10.2025-YEAR t.me/scupus_IST2100 183 https://ist-journal.uz STUDY OF ELECTRONIC WASTE RECYCLING IN UZBEKISTAN BASED ON THE EXPERIENCE OF UZVTORTSVETMET AND THE ALMALYK MINING AND METALLURGICAL COMPLEX Musayev Marufjan Nabievich Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of “Life Safety,” Tashkent State Technical University Email: [email protected] Ergashev Sardor Bakhtiyor ogli Doctoral Student, Department of “Life Safety,” Tashkent State Technical University Email: ergashevsardor1[email protected] Abstract: The article presents a study of the electronic waste recycling system in Uzbekistan using the example of two enterprises: JSC “Uzvtorsvetmet” and the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex. The features of manual disassembly and sorting of waste at Uzvtorsvetmet, as well as the industrial extraction of precious metals at the Gold and Silver Refinery Shop of the Almalyk MMC, are examined. Data on the technologies used and the volumes of metals obtained in 2025 are provided. Key problems are noted — a low level of mechanization, a limited system of waste collection from the population, and low economic efficiency. The necessity of introducing modern technologies and developing infrastructure to form a sustainable national electronic waste management system is emphasized. Key words: electronic waste, recycling, study, Uzbekistan, Uzvtorsvetmet, Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex, precious metals, pyrometallurgical method, electrolysis, environmental sustainability. Annotatsiya: Maqolada O‘zbekistonda elektron chiqindilarni qayta ishlash tizimi ikki korxona misolida o‘rganilgan: “O‘zikkilamchiranglimetall” AJ va Olmaliq kon-metallurgiya kombinati. “O‘zikkilamchiranglimetall”da chiqindilarni qo‘lda ajratish va saralash xususiyatlari, shuningdek, OKMKning Oltin va kumush affinaj sexida qimmatbaho metallarni sanoat miqyosida ajratib olish jarayonlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. 2025-yilda qo‘llanilgan texnologiyalar va olingan metall hajmlari haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. Asosiy muammolar sifatida past darajadagi mexanizatsiya, aholining chiqindilarni topshirish tizimining cheklanganligi va iqtisodiy samaradorlikning pastligi qayd etilgan. Zamonaviy texnologiyalarni joriy etish hamda barqaror milliy elektron chiqindilarni boshqarish tizimini shakllantirish uchun infratuzilmani rivojlantirish zarurligi ta’kidlangan. Kalit so‘zlar: elektron chiqindilar, qayta ishlash, tadqiqot, O‘zbekiston, O‘zikkilamchiranglimetall, Olmaliq kon-metallurgiya kombinati, qimmatbaho metallar, pirometallurgik usul, elektroliz, ekologik barqarorlik. Аннотация: В статье представлено изучение системы переработки электронных отходов в Узбекистане на примере двух предприятий — АО «Узвторцветмет» и Алмалыкского горно-металлургического комбината. Рассмотрены особенности ручной разборки и сортировки отходов на «Узвторцветмет», а также промышленного извлечения драгоценных металлов в Цехе аффинажа золота и серебра Алмалыкского ГМК. Приведены данные о применяемых технологиях и объёмах полученных металлов в 2025 году. Отмечены ключевые проблемы: низкий уровень механизации, ограниченность системы сбора отходов от населения и малая экономическая отдача. Подчёркнута необходимость внедрения современных технологий и развития инфраструктуры для формирования устойчивой национальной системы управления электронными отходами. Ключевые слова: электронные отходы, переработка, изучение, Узбекистан, Узвторцветмет, Алмалыкский горнометаллургический комбинат, драгоценные металлы, пирометаллургический метод, электролиз, экологическая устойчивость. SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, SCIENTIFIC, AND TECHNICAL ACADEMIC JOURNAL INNOVATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 01.10.2025-YEAR t.me/scupus_IST2100 184 https://ist-journal.uz INTRODUCTION Electronic waste represents one of the fastest-growing waste streams in the world and, at the same time, a source of serious environmental and economic problems. It contains toxic elements such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, as well as valuable resources like gold, silver, copper, and rare-earth metals.[1] On one hand, improper handling of electronic waste poses threats to public health and the environment. On the other hand, with proper recycling, it can become an additional source of precious and non-ferrous metals that are in demand across various sectors of the economy.[2] In Uzbekistan, the issue of electronic waste recycling is gaining increasing importance.[3] As digitalization expands and the market for electrical and electronic products grows, the annual volume of waste continues to rise. For instance, the production volume of electrical and electronic equipment in the country increased from 17.4 trillion soums in 2021 to 22.4 trillion soums in 2023, indicating the growth of future waste volumes (Figure 1).[4] At the same time, the infrastructure for waste collection and recycling remains limited. In 1996, by a resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, responsibility for the safe disposal of electronic waste was assigned to the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Plant. This decision defined the enterprise’s key role in establishing a national system for electronic waste recycling (Figure 1). [5] Figure 1. Production volume of electrical and electronic equipment in Uzbekistan (trillion soums) REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON THE SUBJECT The global academic literature on electronic waste recycling provides a solid foundation for analyzing Uzbekistan’s experience through Uzvtorcvetmet and the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex. Fortunat Baldé and his team at the United Nations University, in their Global E-waste Monitor, identify Central Asia— including Uzbekistan—as a region with low formal recycling rates and a strong dependence on metal-scrap channels for secondary raw materials. They argue that effective e-waste policy must link existing metallurgical industries with new collection and processing networks. At the national level, Aidos Sadinov examines Uzbekistan’s recycling sector in his study Improving Waste Recycling in Uzbekistan through Digital Technologies, emphasizing the role of automated control systems and digital tracking in formalizing collection networks. His research shows that digital integration could significantly raise recovery efficiency in enterprises such as Uzvtorcvetmet. The National E-waste Monitor – Uzbekistan prepared by Fortunat Baldé, Vanessa Forti, and Ruediger Kuehr provides the first systematic assessment of e-waste generation and management in the country. Their analysis highlights the minimal recovery of valuable metals and the need for a circular-economy strategy linking collection points with metallurgical facilities like Almalyk MMC. SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, SCIENTIFIC, AND TECHNICAL ACADEMIC JOURNAL INNOVATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 01.10.2025-YEAR t.me/scupus_IST2100 185 https://ist-journal.uz In the industrial context, Uzvtorcvetmet’s own technical documentation demonstrates its capacity for non-ferrous scrap collection and sorting, while Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex reports on refining technologies capable of recovering copper, gold, and silver from complex raw materials. Ravshan Rakhimov in his article Metallurgical Recycling Potential of Industrial Waste in Uzbekistan notes that integrating electronic scrap into Almalyk’s refining circuit could substitute part of imported concentrates, provided environmental and occupational standards are observed. On the socio-economic side, Zulaykho Abdurakhmanova and Bakhtiyor Saidov from Tashkent State University of Economics analyze green-economy transitions and show that formal e-waste recycling could generate employment and new value chains while reducing environmental risks. Their findings complement Baldé’s global framework by demonstrating how national industrial policy can anchor circular-economy initiatives in existing metallurgical enterprises. Overall, these studies collectively confirm that Uzbekistan’s e-waste management system is still at an early stage but benefits from having strong industrial actors such as Uzvtorcvetmet and Almalyk MMC, whose modernization could form the backbone of a national recycling infrastructure aligned with international best practices. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The research methodology is based on the collection of statistical data from Uzvtorcvetmet and the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex, as well as official reports from the World Bank and the National E-waste Monitor. The obtained data were analyzed using comparative and descriptive methods to evaluate recycling efficiency, material recovery rates, and the economic potential of electronic waste management in Uzbekistan. ANALYSIS AND RESULTS Practice shows that today the recycling of electronic waste involves both specialized enterprises engaged in preliminary sorting and dismantling, and large metallurgical plants where the extraction of precious metals is carried out.[6] Studying the operations of JSC Uztortsmet and the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex makes it possible to clearly illustrate the existing model of electronic waste recycling in Uzbekistan, identify its strengths and weaknesses, and outline prospects for further development. Additional attention to this topic is also driven by international trends in sustainable development. In a number of countries, electronic waste recycling is considered a strategic area that simultaneously reduces environmental damage and provides the economy with secondary resources.[6] For Uzbekistan, studying and adapting such practices, combined with the development of national infrastructure, forms the foundation for building an efficient electronic waste management system. An examination of the processes at JSC Uztortsmet revealed that this enterprise plays a key role in the initial stage of electronic waste management in Uzbekistan. The plant receives batches of decommissioned equipment from government agencies, universities, and other large organizations. These wastes first undergo manual disassembly and sorting, carried out in a specially designated office equipment department. Workers use basic tools — screwdrivers, hammers, and pliers — to dismantle computer system units, monitors, telephones, and office equipment. At this stage, plastic parts, metal casings, and electronic boards are separated and then sent to specialized recycling units. A visual representation of these processes and accumulated waste is shown in the plant photographs. Particular attention is paid to the careful handling of components containing potentially hazardous elements. For example, fluorescent lamps and monitor parts are not subjected to mechanical destruction to prevent the release of toxic substances. They are stored separately and prepared for specialized recycling processes. This approach reflects growing environmental responsibility and creates a foundation for further technological development aimed at implementing safe neutralization systems directly at the enterprise. The study revealed that recycling operations at Uztortsmet are still primarily based on manual labor. However, this also indicates significant potential for modernization and mechanization. The introduction of automated sorting lines, hydrometallurgical and combined methods will allow a more efficient recovery of valuable materials such as gold, silver, and copper. In this context, the enterprise can gradually transform from a sorting facility into a full-fledged resource recovery center, ensuring higher environmental and economic efficiency (Figure 2). SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, SCIENTIFIC, AND TECHNICAL ACADEMIC JOURNAL INNOVATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 01.10.2025-YEAR t.me/scupus_IST2100 186 https://ist-journal.uz Figure 2. UZVTORTSVETMET Plant — Office Equipment Department. An equally important direction for development is the creation of a comprehensive system for collecting electronic waste throughout the country. At present, the main batches are supplied by large organizations, which forms a solid initial base for scaling collection efforts. Although collection from the general population is still limited, this situation opens up opportunities for designing and implementing effective incentive mechanisms. Occasional social media initiatives that announce the acceptance of old or unused equipment show that public awareness is gradually increasing. These activities, if supported institutionally, can become the foundation for the establishment of a stable, large-scale, and systematic collection practice in the near future. As these programs expand, a significant proportion of household-generated electronic waste will be redirected from traditional solid-waste landfills into formal recycling channels, contributing to environmental protection and resource efficiency. The analysis of Uztortsmet’s activities demonstrates that the enterprise plays an essential role as the primary link in the electronic waste recycling system. Its operations provide a critical foundation for subsequent stages of processing. While the enterprise currently relies heavily on manual labor and maintains a relatively low level of mechanization, this also indicates a significant modernization potential. The gradual introduction of automated sorting technologies, mechanical separation systems, and environmentally friendly processing methods will enable the company to improve its recycling efficiency and recover larger volumes of valuable materials such as gold, silver, and copper. Thus, Uztortsmet has all the prerequisites to transform from a preparatory sorting facility into a modern, full-fledged center for resource recovery. In addition, its established practices of careful waste sorting and strict adherence to environmental safety standards represent a solid methodological basis for future technological progress. The study of the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex (AMMC) confirms that the enterprise performs a nationally significant function in the field of electronic waste disposal, as defined by the 1996 resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan. This legal framework ensures that electronic waste from all regions of the country, after preliminary sorting at other enterprises, is directed to AMMC for further processing and the extraction of valuable metals. Such centralization of operations contributes to the formation of a unified recycling system at the national level, which strengthens Uzbekistan’s industrial and environmental infrastructure. A key component of this process is AMMC’s Copper Smelting Plant, specifically the Gold and Silver Refining Workshop, which carries out the direct processing of electronic waste. According to the enterprise’s chief engineer, the recycling process is based on the pyrometallurgical method, during which electronic waste is incinerated in special containers. This allows the safe removal of organic components while molten metals remain at the bottom, entering the plant’s general metallurgical cycle. At subsequent stages, particularly during the electrolytic refining of copper, valuable elements such as gold, silver, and other precious metals are SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, SCIENTIFIC, AND TECHNICAL ACADEMIC JOURNAL INNOVATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 01.10.2025-YEAR t.me/scupus_IST2100 187 https://ist-journal.uz successfully extracted from the sludge. This demonstrates the existence of a fully integrated production chain that includes smelting, electrolysis, and refining stages — a feature that distinguishes AMMC as one of the most technologically advanced metallurgical enterprises in the region. Although the current volume of precious metal recovery from electronic waste is relatively small — for instance, in the first half of 2025, 312 tons of electronic waste yielded 10 kilograms of gold and 107 kilograms of silver — these figures highlight the potential for expansion and modernization rather than limitations. By introducing new hydrometallurgical and combined technologies, the extraction efficiency can be significantly improved. Moreover, such innovations would not only enhance the economic performance of the enterprise but also contribute to national goals for sustainable resource use and environmental protection. The enterprise’s current reliance on the pyrometallurgical method, while effective for large-scale smelting, can be gradually supplemented by cleaner and more energy-efficient recycling technologies that ensure both safety and productivity. At the same time, it is important to note that AMMC’s approach to electronic waste demonstrates growing institutional awareness and commitment to circular economy principles. Although electronic waste currently represents an auxiliary source of raw materials compared to ore processing, this direction has promising prospects. Strengthening cooperation between Uztortsmet and AMMC, developing a steady supply chain of pre-sorted waste, and implementing government incentives for enterprises engaged in e-waste recycling will foster the establishment of an integrated, efficient, and environmentally responsible national recycling system. Overall, AMMC’s experience remains a valuable component of Uzbekistan’s industrial ecosystem. It is currently the only enterprise in the country that performs the industrial-scale extraction of gold and silver from electronic waste, confirming its leadership in this field. The presence of advanced refining infrastructure and professional expertise creates strong prerequisites for further growth. With targeted investments, modernization, and adoption of advanced technological solutions, AMMC can significantly increase its metal recovery efficiency while minimizing environmental risks. In the long term, the enterprise can evolve into a regional center for electronic waste recycling, supporting both sustainable industrial development and environmental protection goals of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study of both enterprises’ experience shows that the electronic waste recycling system in Uzbekistan is gradually forming as a multi-stage and integrated mechanism based on a combination of manual methods and industrial processes. At the first stage, implemented at JSC Uztortsmet, disassembly, sorting, and partial neutralization of electronic waste are carried out. The predominance of manual labor reflects the system’s transitional nature and the existence of significant potential for mechanization and modernization. The current methods of mechanical separation ensure initial material classification and create a foundation for the subsequent introduction of automated technologies. The enterprise’s operations play an important preparatory role, providing the primary filtering and organization of waste flows. The ongoing modernization efforts and future application of advanced sorting technologies will significantly enhance the efficiency of valuable material recovery. Additionally, as the system of household waste collection expands, the inflow of recyclable materials is expected to increase, strengthening the enterprise’s resource base and production capacity. The second stage of processing is conducted at the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex (AMMC), where the Gold and Silver Refining Workshop of the Copper Smelting Plant handles the recycling of electronic waste. Pyrometallurgical treatment and the subsequent integration of molten metals into the general metallurgical cycle ensure complete utilization of materials within an established technological process. At the stages of electrolysis and refining, gold, silver, and copper are extracted, confirming the presence of a closed, technologically consistent production chain. The enterprise’s advanced metallurgical base provides the potential for improving quantitative performance indicators. In the first half of 2025, the enterprise processed 312 tons of electronic waste, obtaining 10 kilograms of gold and 107 kilograms of silver — data that demonstrate an initial operational capability and serve as a benchmark for further efficiency improvement. With the gradual implementation of hydrometallurgical and environmentally safe combined methods, these recovery rates can be significantly increased, contributing to both economic and ecological sustainability. The comparative analysis indicates that the two enterprises perform interdependent and complementary functions within the national recycling system. Uztortsmet ensures the initial sorting, disassembly, and preparation of waste for industrial processing, while AMMC finalizes the technological cycle through the extraction and refining of valuable metals. This division of labor forms a structural basis for the development of a coherent and efficient electronic waste recycling network. The modernization of Uztortsmet’s sorting systems and the enhancement of AMMC’s processing capacities will further integrate the stages, ensuring higher productivity, improved metal recovery, and lower environmental impact. The identified development priorities can be grouped into several directions. The first concerns technological advancement: Uzbekistan now has a foundational industrial base that can be strengthened by introducing modern mechanical, hydrometallurgical, and combined recycling methods to ensure safe and