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डिजिटल इंडिया आणि मुद्रा योजना चे फायदे आणि मर्यादा

आखरे, आशिष विठ्ठलराव; गोंगले, रेकचंद गणपत

Publisher
Zenodo
DOI
10.5281/zenodo.17464591
Repository
zenodo.org
Language
en

Abstract

सारांश : भारत सरकारने सुरू केलेली डिजिटल इंडिया मोहीम व प्रधानमंत्री मुद्रा योजना (PMMY) या दोन महत्वाच्या योजना आहेत ज्या भारतातील उद्योजकता, वित्तीय समावेशन व रोजगार निर्मिती यासाठी प्रभावी ठरल्या आहेत. डिजिटल प्लॅटफॉर्ममुळे बँकिंग सेवा, ऑनलाईन व्यवहार, ई-गव्हर्नन्स अधिक सुलभ झाली आहे, तर मुद्रा योजनेद्वारे लघु व सूक्ष्म उद्योजकांना कर्जपुरवठा सुलभ झाला आहे. या पेपरमध्ये दोन्ही योजनांचे फायदे, मर्यादा, त्यांचा परस्पर संबंध तसेच नागरी व ग्रामीण समाजावर झालेला प्रभाव अभ्यासला आहे.प्रधानमंत्री मुद्रा योजना (PMMY) ने सूक्ष्म/लघु उद्योजकांना (MSMEs) 10 लाख रुपयांपर्यंत बिनतारण कर्ज उपलब्ध करून उद्योजकता वाढवण्यास हातभार लावला आहे. नागपूर जिल्ह्यात ई-कॉमर्स, कृषी-आधारित मूल्यवर्धन, सेवा-आधारित डिजिटल प्लॅटफॉर्म्स यांसारख्या स्टार्टअप्समध्ये निधीप्रवेशासोबतच सर्जनशीलता (नव्या कल्पना, डिझाईन थिंकिंग) आणि आर्थिक नवोन्मेष (डिजिटल पेमेंट्स, फिनटेक, सप्लाय-चेन फायनान्स) महत्त्वाची भूमिका बजावत आहेत. या अभ्यासाचे उद्दिष्ट PMMY चा स्टार्टअप वाढ, रोजगारनिर्मिती, उत्पन्नवाढ, आणि नवोन्मेष अंगीकारण्यावर झालेला प्रभाव विश्लेषित करणे आहे. वर्णनात्मक व विश्लेषणात्मक पद्धतीने (सर्व्हे, मुलाखती, केस-स्टडी) संकलित केलेल्या प्राथमिक/द्वितीयक माहितीच्या आधारे निष्कर्ष सूचित करतात की वित्तीय साक्षरता, बाजारजोड, आणि डिजिटल पायाभूत सुविधा उपलब्ध झाल्यास PMMY चा परिणाम लक्षणीयरीत्या वाढतो. धोरणात्मक स्तरावर प्रशिक्षण, मेंटरशिप, आणि ग्रीन-इनोव्हेशन प्रोत्साहन हे घटक निर्णायक ठरतात.भारतामध्ये २०१५ पासून सुरू करण्यात आलेली प्रधानमंत्री मुद्रा योजना (PMMY) ही लघु व सूक्ष्म उद्योजकांसाठी भांडवल पुरविण्याची एक महत्त्वाची योजना आहे. या योजनेमुळे स्टार्टअप्सना प्रारंभीच्या टप्प्यावर आर्थिक सहाय्य मिळाले आहे. स्टार्टअप क्षेत्रात सर्जनशील कल्पना, नव्या तंत्रज्ञानाचा वापर व आर्थिक नवोन्मेष या माध्यमातून नवीन रोजगाराच्या संधी निर्माण झाल्या आहेत.

Full text

Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10(I)| October2025 37    󰭅     󰫦  󰱙  1 .   󰰣 2 1,  󰱳, ,  2󰫦󰫦 , 󰭈󰬀  󰱳,  1,2 󰰗󰭅 - 󰬂   󰲛󰰩  󰲐󰫦 󰫵 ,  󰱳, ,  Email: [email protected] Manuscript ID: JRD -2025-171007 ISSN: 2230-9578 Volume 17 Issue 10(I) Pp. 37-42 October 2025 Submitted: 12 Sept. 2025 Revised: 22 Sept. 2025 Accepted: 06 Oct. 2025 Published: 31 Oct. 2025  :   󰰉      󰭈󰭃 󰭅  (PMMY)   󰫽󰫳   󰫵  󰱳, 󰰌    󰲗󰫦  󰭈 󰬉 .  󰬂󰫦 󰲕 ,  󰱿, -󰬋󰫦󰬁    ,  󰭅 󰱨   󰬐 󰱳 󰫦   .  󰬀 󰬁  , 󰫦, 󰫽 󰬎     󰬶   󰭈 󰬅 .󰭈󰭃 󰭅  (PMMY)  󰬐/ 󰱳 (MSMEs) 10  󰰈󰰩  󰫦 󰬄 󰰉 󰱳 󰫼   .  󰬉󰲎 -󰫦, -󰲐 󰬉󰫦, -󰲐  󰬂󰬆󰫦 󰫯 󰬎󰫦󰬂󰬀 󰭈 󰫦 (󰱿 󰬉,  󰲓 󰲕)  󰲗 󰫦 󰬁 ( 󰰗󰫸, 󰲑, 󰬂-  󰬁) 󰰍   .  󰬅 󰲑󰱯󰲆 PMMY  󰬎󰫦 , 󰲗󰫦, 󰫽󰱷,  󰬁 󰫼  󰭈 󰲄  . 󰫦󰫽  󰲄󰫽 󰱮 (󰬋󰰘, , -󰬎)  󰬉 󰭈 /󰱨 󰫳  󰬍󰫦   󰲒 󰰌 󰫤, ,     󰬄 󰬉 PMMY  󰲐 󰫤󰫽 . 󰫽 󰬎 󰭈󰫤, 󰰗,  󰬶- 󰬋 󰭈󰫽   󰫦 .󰬀   󰰉 󰫼  󰭈󰭃 󰭅  (PMMY)    󰬐 󰱳  󰫼  󰰍  .   󰬎󰫦󰬂 󰭈󰫳 󰬂󰬂 󰲗󰫦 󰬇  . 󰬎󰫦 󰫤󰭃 󰫦 󰬉, 󰱿 󰭃󰫥   󰲗󰫦 󰬁  󰬀  󰫳  󰫦 󰬉 . 󰫯 󰬄: 󰭅 , 󰬐 󰬴, 󰰌 ,  󰬉,  󰱿 ,  󰲗󰫦 Quick Response Code: Website: https://jrdrvb.org/ DOI:10.5281/zenodo.17112901 Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work noncommercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations ae licensed under the idential terms. Address for correspondence:  󰱙 , ,  󰱳, , . How to cite this article:  󰱙 ,   󰰣, (2025).    󰭅     󰫦, Journal of Research & Development, 17(10(I)), 37-42 Original Article Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10(I)| October2025 38 󰭈󰬎 :    󰲐󰫦󰫳 󰲑   .   󰭃󰫥󰫳 (ICT)  󰫦󰱿󰬎  , 󰫦  󰫤  . 󰫽 󰭅  (2015)    󰬐 󰱳 󰲗󰫦   󰫦 󰬄 󰰉 󰲑 .   󰬴 󰬁 󰬶    󰰈,     󰲗󰫦 󰫦 .  󰲑󰱯󰲆 : 1.   󰫯 󰲑󰱯󰲆    . 2. 󰭅  󰬍󰱘,   󰫦  . 3.    󰭅   󰬎  󰬎󰲆 . 4.     󰬶  󰫦󰱿󰬎   󰲐 . 5. 󰬍 󰬌  . 󰫽 󰫤 :   : 󰬀 Digital Infrastructure, Digital Services, Digital Literacy   󰫼  .   󰲒  󰲕, UPI 󰱿, -󰬋󰫦󰬁,    󰬶     . 󰭅  : Shishu, Kishore  Tarun   󰭑󰰎󰬀 󰫦  . NABARD, SIDBI, Public  Private  󰫳 󰬀    . 󰰏   󰲒   󰬄 󰬉 󰭅 󰫦 󰭈󰲑󰬴 , 󰫦  󰭋󰲆󰱇  . 󰱮  󰰐  󰭃󰫥 󰫦  󰬉  .    󰬉󰲎󰫳 󰫦  󰬉 󰫦󰲆 , 󰫦   󰱳 󰭈󰭃 󰭅  (PMMY) 󰭈  .    ()  󰬀  󰭈-󰲆 󰬅      󰲒 󰭅  󰬀 󰲗󰫦  󰫤󰫽  , 󰫵 󰫽 󰫽  󰱿 󰰉  󰲕 󰫽 󰬎  󰫮  . , 󰬅 󰭈󰫤     󰬎󰫽 󰲔󰬄 󰬌   󰫼 .   󰬶󰬋 ()    󰲒 󰭅 󰫦 󰫽󰲒  .%  , 󰫽  󰲐 󰫳 󰱇 .% 󰱆 , 󰫵 󰫦  󰲓 󰲑  -  󰰈 󰫯 󰱍-󰬉󰫳 󰭑󰰎󰬀.  ()      󰲒  󰰀   󰫦󰱨 (₹, 󰰩)  󰭈   , 󰫳 󰰩        ,  󰫽󰫳 󰬴 󰫦󰲑 󰬎 󰫦. 󰬐 ()  󰫦  󰰣 󰱳  󰫽 󰬋,  󰲒  󰰉,  󰭈󰫰  󰫦󰫦    .  󰬅 󰫤-󰲗󰫦 󰬴  󰲓-    󰬉 󰫽   󰫼 . 󰭈  󰱮󰬂 ()  󰬊 󰫦 󰭑󰰎󰫳 󰲐       󰲒  󰲕 󰰈 󰰩󰫳  󰲑 󰫦 (₹,  ₹ )   󰱳  󰫽 󰲐 . , 󰰀   ()  󰫯󰲒 󰲄     󰬍󰫦  󰲒 󰰉     󰫳   󰭈󰭃 󰭅 󰬀  󰫤 󰲐 .  󰬐 󰰉   󰲗󰫦 󰫤  󰰍  .  󰱮 :  (Sample): 󰰏 ( 󰬴, 󰲑 ,  󰱳,  , 󰰈 󰱳)  : 󰭈 : 󰭈󰫽󰫤   󰭈󰲅 󰬇 :  , RBI ,  󰲗󰫦 ,  󰲄 󰭃: 󰱆 󰲄, 󰫸󰫦, 󰫽 󰬅. 󰫦 : 󰭅    󰱳    .   󰬐,   󰬀 󰱳 (MSME)  (Collateral-free) 󰫦 󰲑 , 󰫵   󰬉 󰰈 󰲕 󰱿 󰱿 󰰉 󰰉 󰫳󰬬 Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10(I)| October2025 39   . , 󰲑  󰰈   󰭑󰰎󰬀   󰫦 󰱿󰫳 󰬂󰬂  – 󰰈󰫳 󰬂󰬂 (Shishu) 󰱳   󰫦  󰫽 󰬴 󰰉 󰫼  ,  󰱿 󰫼 (Kishor, Tarun) 󰬎  .  󰫦  󰱳 󰱘 󰱳  󰫤󰭃󰰩  󰱿  . 󰫯 󰬉󰲎󰬀  󰬎   󰲗󰫦, 󰬎  󰬎󰫦󰬂󰫳 󰬀 󰲗 󰫦 󰬁  .   󰭈󰲑󰬴,   󰰌 󰬎  󰫦,   󰲑 󰭈󰫽  󰱿 󰱳 󰫽󰲂  󰫽 󰬎 󰱿  󰫼   .  󰫼 󰭈󰲑󰬴 (Beneficiaries’ Perspective) 󰫦 󰫼 󰫦, 󰭃, 󰱿    󰬌.     󰫦  .󰰀 󰫦  󰲒  󰫦 (₹50,000 󰰩)  󰬄 ,  󰲑  󰰈 󰫦   󰭃  . 󰫾󰰩   󰫦󰬴  ,  󰰎 󰬎  󰬬 .    󰭅 :   󰫦    󰭅   󰬁  󰫳 󰰍󰫤 󰬴 , 󰫵 󰱯 󰫳 󰲗󰫦      .   󰫯  󰭃󰫥  󰰉   󰲐󰰩 ,  󰫤      󰫦   . , 󰭅 (Mudra)  󰱯  󰱳  󰬐-󰱳 󰲗󰫦   , 󰰉   󰱿 󰰉 󰰉  󰲕  .  󰬁  󰫳  󰰍󰫦  󰲑 ,  󰫽    󰫦 .   ,   󰬁   󰲄 󰰉.      󰫦󰬴 2015 󰬀 󰰉 󰫼 .  󰫯 󰱯  󰬍󰱘 󰫤   󰫥 󰫦󰱿󰬎   .  *  󰬀  (Ease of Access to Government Services):       󰬄 󰬉 .  󰫦,  󰫦,  󰫦 󰫦    .   󰫦󰬀 󰫼        . *  󰫤 (Digital Literacy):  󰫦󰬴   󰫤  . 'PM-GDISHA' (󰭈󰭃 󰬶  󰫤 ) 󰫯  󰬶           . *    (Digital Infrastructure): '' 󰫯 󰭈󰬉    󰬂    , 󰫵  󰫮󰬋  .  -󰫦       . * 󰫦 (Transparency):    󰬄 󰬉  󰱿󰬀  󰰗  󰬉 󰭋󰲆  󰫼   . 󰫦 *   (Digital Divide):   󰬶       .    󰫮󰬋   󰬶 󰬀   󰬎 . *  󰫤 (Data Security): 󰫽  󰱿     󰬉󰬉   . 󰲐󰫳    󰫤 󰭃    󰬋 . * 󰫤    (Illiteracy and Language Barrier):  󰱮  󰫤  󰬎󰫦       . ,     󰁰󰬂 󰱇 󰬶 󰲕  󰭈  󰬀 󰬄 . *   (Lack of Awareness):    󰬄    󰫽  󰱯   . Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10(I)| October2025 40 󰭈󰭃 󰭅  (PMMY) 󰭈󰭃 󰭅  2015 󰬀 󰰉 󰫼 , 󰫵 󰱯  󰱳 󰫦 󰬄 󰰉   .  󰰗󰫦,  󰭈 󰰘 󰲑 :  (Shishu) (₹50,000 󰰩), 󰲑 (Kishore) (₹50,001  ₹5 ),  󰰈 (Tarun) (₹5   ₹10 ).  * 󰲗 󰫦  (Financial Inclusion): 󰭅   󰱳 󰫦    , 󰫵 󰲐 󰲕 󰭈 󰫦   . 󰬀  󰱿,      . *  󰲗󰫦 (Employment Generation):     󰱿 󰰉  , 󰫵 󰱚 󰭈   󰫦  . * 󰱿  (Business Growth):  󰱳 󰲗 󰫦 󰬇 󰬉   󰱿   , 󰫵 󰲗 󰫦    . * 󰲐 󰫦 󰬄 (Formal Credit Availability):   󰲐 󰫤󰭃 󰱳 󰲐 󰲕 󰭈 󰫼   . 󰫦 * 󰫦  󰱆 (Small Loan Amounts):  󰱳 '' 󰫦 󰱆 (₹50,000)      󰱿󰫳  󰫦 󰫼  . * 󰲒 (Non-Performing Assets):  󰰘   󰬉 󰲒󰬀 󰰉󰲐  , 󰫵   󰰌 󰬎    . *  󰭈󰫤  󰲔 (Lack of Training and Support):  󰬐-󰱳 󰫦 ,  󰫽 󰱿 󰱿󰬎 ,  󰲕 󰭃 󰬉 󰫯 󰰎  󰭈󰫤  . *   (Lack of Awareness): 󰬶      󰱯    󰲕 󰫦 󰫼 󰭈󰲑󰬴  . 󰭅     󰫦  1.   󰬐 󰱳 󰫦 . 2. Shishu, Kishore, Tarun 󰭑 󰫦 . 3.    󰱳 󰭈󰫽. 4.  󰲗󰫦  󰬎 . 5.  󰫦 󰭈󰲑󰬴   󰫦 . 󰫦 1.  󰭈 󰫦  . 2.  󰫦  . 3. 󰫾󰰩 󰱿 󰱿󰬎  󰬉 . 4.  󰲐    .    󰭅   󰬎   󰬂󰫦 󰭅  󰫦, 󰫦     . UPI   󰲕 󰱿   󰫤 . -󰬋󰫦󰬁 󰫦 󰭈󰲑󰬴 󰫦 .   󰫳 󰬇 󰭅    󰰩 .  󰬉󰲎 󰫦   󰫦 󰭈 󰱳  󰱿 󰬉 . Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-10(I)| October2025 41  󰫯   󰲑 󰱿,  󰱿, 󰱳,      . 󰲕  󰫦󰭃 󰬉   󰱳 󰫦   .  󰲐󰬎 󰭅   󰲗󰫦    󰲗󰫦 󰭈  . 󰫾󰰩  (Field Study )   󰫦 󰫯 󰱿  󰱳 󰰗󰭅 . 󰬉󰲎  󰱿, 󰲑 ,  󰱳 ( 󰰈󰬎, , ,  󰱿) 󰱚 󰭈 . 󰬶  󰫯  󰲐 󰫦󰱿󰬎  .  󰱳  󰫦    󰬉 󰭅   󰫽󰫳   . 󰲗 󰫦 󰲐 65% 󰫾󰰩  󰫽󰱷 .40%   󰫦 .󰫳 󰫦󰫤  󰫽󰲂 .󰬶  󰬐  󰱳 󰬎󰫦 .󰭅   󰬉󰲎 󰱳 󰲐 󰲕 󰭈  .󰬎 󰫦󰱿󰬎 󰫤 .  󰫳 󰱳  .󰭃  󰭈󰲑󰬴 󰲐       . 󰬋 :  󰫦   .󰲗󰫦 󰫤 . 󰰘󰲔  󰭊󰲓 󰬉 .󰫳 󰫦   . 󰬬 󰭈      󰬉 󰲑.󰭃 󰫦 󰬶  󰬋 . 󰫾󰰩 󰱿 󰬉 󰱺 󰫼 .󰫦 󰫦  󰬉 󰰎 󰫤   . 󰭈  –   󰰗󰱯  . 󰬍󰫦 :    󰭅   󰬁 󰬴   󰲗󰫦     󰲑 .   󰭅   󰭈  . 󰱮,  󰫤 , 󰬶  󰬎  󰫦 󰫳   󰱚 󰫦 . 󰬍  󰫤 󰫦󰬴, 󰱳 󰭈󰫤   󰫤     󰲑      󰭈 .   󰭅   󰫦  󰫦󰫤  .  󰬉󰲎 󰰈   󰱳      .,  󰫤 , 󰬶    󰫦  󰬎  󰬋 .    󰭈󰭃 󰭅   󰬁 󰬴 󰫳  󰰍   .    󰬀 󰬴    󰲐    . , 󰭅    󰱳 󰲗󰫦 󰲔  󰫽 󰬎  .,  󰬁 󰫳 󰫦 󰫤  󰬌 .    ,  󰫤 󰲀   󰬶  󰱳  󰭈󰫤   󰬋  .  󰬴  󰫤 󰬋 󰱮 , 󰬋  󰫦  󰰉 󰫽  󰫳 󰫳 󰰩 .  : 1. 󰬶      󰫦 . 2.  󰫤  󰰉 .3. 󰭅 󰫦 󰫾󰰩 󰱿 󰱿󰬎  󰭈󰫤 󰱳. 4.  󰬎󰭃 󰲗 󰫦   󰫤  . 5. 󰫳     󰬉 . 6.  󰬶     . 7. 󰭅 󰫾󰰩 󰱿 󰱿󰬎  󰭈󰫤 󰱳. 8. 󰱳   󰫤  . 9.  󰫦  󰭈󰲑󰬴     . 10.  󰫤   󰭈 󰰉  󰰉 . 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