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Detecting magnetic fields in γ Doradus stars with asteroseismology

Ballot, Jérôme; Ihallaine, Selyan; Ferrié, Ludovic; Lignières, François

Abstract

Magnetic fields have recently been measured in the cores of red giant stars through their effects on stellar oscillation frequencies. Beyond red giants, seismic signatures of magnetic fields can be sought in other pulsating stars. γ Doradus stars are excellent candidates, as they oscillate in the low-frequency range, which is most affected by magnetic fields. Gravity modes have been identified in more than 600 γ Doradus stars observed by Kepler and in approximately 60 γ Doradus stars observed by TESS. These modes are sensitive to the radiative layers just above the convective core, where magnetic fields are most likely generated by a convective dynamo. Moreover, these stars are progenitors of red giants, and detecting magnetic fields in γ Doradus stars would provide new constraints on the origin of magnetic fields in red giants. The theoretical impact of magnetic fields on these modes has been recently studied for a general magnetic field configuration. In Lignières et al. (2024), we proposed a seismic diagnostic combining ℓ=1 and ℓ=2 sectoral prograde modes (also called Kelvin modes). We identified a γ Doradus star exhibiting the expected signature of a magnetic field. In this talk, I will present this intriguing result, paying particular attention to other phenomena (such as glitches or dips) that could mimic this signature.

Full text

Detecting magnetic fields in ɣ Doradus stars with asteroseismology Jérôme Ballot, Selyan Ihallaine, Ludovic Ferrié, François Lignières, with contributions of Marion Galoy, Stéphane Charpinet, Gang Li, Sébastien Deheuvels Wien, 09/07/2025 KASC16/TASC9 Why look for magnetic fields in ɣ Dor stars? ɣ Doradus stars Progenitors of red giants Convective cores gravity modes Fast rotation (~1d) ⇒ Traditional Approximation of Rotation Theoretical impact of B within the TAR [Prat+19,20, Dhouib+22, Lignières+24, Barrault+25] Change in ΔP – P relation ⇒ signature highly degenerated with changes in Buoyancy radius Π0 and rotation rate νR How to isolate magnetic effects? Main sequence A-F stars (1.4~2M☉) Dhouib+22 Credit: Galoy 2 Wien, 09/07/2025 KASC16/TASC9 Combining ℓ=1 and ℓ=2 Kelvin modes Kelvin modes = prograde sectoral modes (Kelvin modes are topological modes, see Armand’s talk) Results from FELIX [Charpinet+10] Kepler ƔDor from Li+20 How to combine them? 3 Wien, 09/07/2025 KASC16/TASC9 δKa, a new seismic variable probing magnetic field Kelvin mode difference δKa decreases as the spin parameter s increases Impact of magnetic field Deviation Beq = average of Br2 in the equatorial plane Model in a nutshell: - Perturbative approach - Br > or ~ Bφ -slow variation in θ [Lignières+24] “universal” law Magnetic effect∝ s3 4 Wien, 09/07/2025 KASC16/TASC9 Ferrié 24 Kelvin difference δKa in Kepler ɣ Dor stars 155 Kepler ɣ Dor with ℓ=1 AND ℓ=2 [Li+20] New semi-automated identifications of modes using morse [Christophe+18] δKa follows the expected relation → Let us catch those magnetic objects among outliers! 5 Wien, 09/07/2025 KASC16/TASC9 Some magnetic candidates identified Non-magnetic reference Non-magnetic reference Two examples of promising targets Magnetic effect∝ s3 Magnetic effect∝ s3 6 [Ihallaine 25] Wien, 09/07/2025 KASC16/TASC9 Modelling spectra with magnetic field Model: TAR + perturbative B. Free parameters: [ νR, Π0, εg1, εg2, νB ] 7 Wien, 09/07/2025 KASC16/TASC9 Other sources of deviation Glitches/mode trapping? ⨯ [Miglio+08] They cancel out in ẟKa Differential rotation? ⨯ [Takata+20] Effects cancel out in ẟKa at high s Coupling with an inertial mode in convective core? affects only ℓ=1 Could mimic a magnetic signature Ouazzani+20 8 Wien, 09/07/2025 KASC16/TASC9 Coupling gravity modes with a pure inertial mode [Tokuno+22, Galoy+24] Model: TAR + inertial mode. Free parameters: [ νR, Π0, εg1, εg2, νin, q ] Plausible? Struggle to reproduce all high periods High coupling factor (q=0.8~1.6) needed ●Unlikely for a mid/late MS star 9 More about inertial modes? See next talk by Lucas!