जनजातीय महिलाओं की सामाजिक, आर्थिक और राजनीतिक जागरूकता में सोशल मीडिया के प्रभाव: मानवशास्त्रीय विश्लेषण

Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9| September 2025 324 ,   : .  -. .  , . . . . .,  [email protected] Manuscript ID: JRD -2025-170962 ISSN: 2230-9578 Volume 17 Issue 9 Pp. 324-331 September 2025 Submitted:23 Aug. 2025 Revised: 4 Aug. 2025 Accepted: 21 Sept. 2025 Published: 30 Sept. 2025 lkjka'k 'kksèki= tutkrh; efgykvksa ds thou esa lks'ky ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk vkSj mlds lkekftd] vkfFkZd ,oa jktuhfrd çHkko dk ekuo'kkL=h; fo'ys"k.k çLrqr djrk gSA ijaijkxr :i ls tutkrh; lekt dh efgyk,¡ gkf'k, ij jgh gS] tgk¡ f'k{kk] LokLF;] jkstxkj vkSj jktuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh esa mudh Hkwfedk lhfer jgh gSA fMftVy ;qx esa lks'ky ehfM;k ¼tSls Qslcqd] OgkV~l,i] ;wVîwc vkSj baLVkxzke½ muds fy, u dsoy lwpuk çkfIr dk ekè;e cuk gS] cfYd lkekftd usVofdZax] m|ferk] jktuhfrd tkx:drk vkSj vkRe&vfHkO;fä dk eap Hkh çnku djrk gSA vè;;u fcgkj ds xksìk vkSj Hkkxyiqj ftys dh 50 tutkrh; efgykvksa ij vkèkkfjr gSA MsVk laxzg.k ç'ukoyh] lk{kkRdkj vkSj voyksdu fofèk;ksa ls fd;k x;k gSA vè;;u ls irk pyk fd lks'ky ehfM;k dk lcls xgjk çHkko f'k{kk vkSj LokLF; lacaèkh tkudkjh ds çlkj] vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ksa ¼v‚uykbu fcØh] Lojkst+xkj½ esa lgHkkfxrk] rFkk jktuhfrd tkx:drk ¼ernku] iapk;r pqukoksa esa Hkkxhnkjh½ ij iM+k gSA fMftVy lk{kjrk dh deh] lkbcj vijkèk vkSj baVjusV miyCèkrk tSlh pqukSfr;k¡ vHkh Hkh bu efgykvksa dh iw.kZ Hkkxhnkjh esa ckèkd gSA ekuo'kkL=h; –f"Vdks.k ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd lks'ky ehfM;k dsoy rduhdh midj.k ugha gS] cfYd ;g ,d lkaL—frd ekè;e Hkh gS] tks tutkrh; efgykvksa dh lkekftd lajpuk] fj'rksa vkSj igpku dks cny jgk gSA lks'ky ehfM;k us tutkrh; efgykvksa ds thou esa ldkjkRed lkekftd&lkaL—frd ifjorZu ykus dh fn'kk esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gS] ysfdu blds fy, lrr fMftVy f'k{kk vkSj uhfr&fuekZ.k vko';d gSA 'kCn&dqath& tutkrh; efgykvksa] jktuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh] lkekftd usVofdZax] m|ferk] jktuhfrd tkx:drk] vkRe&vfHkO;fä] vkfFkZd xfrfofèk] lkeqnkf;d thou] ikjaifjd Kku] lkaL—frd xfrfofèk] Jeçèkku] gLrfufeZr oLrq] vkRefuHkZjrk] ç‚Dlh çfrfufèk] ySafxd HkwfedkA ifjp; Hkkjr esa tutkrh; leqnk; ¼Scheduled Tribes½ ns'k dh dqy tula[;k dk yxHkx 8-6 çfr'kr gSA bl leqnk; dh efgyk,¡ yacs le; ls lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd –f"V ls misf{kr jgh gSA ijaijkxr :i ls os —f"k] ouksit laxzg.k vkSj ?kjsyw dk;ksZa esa layXu jgh gS] ijarq vkèkqfud f'k{kk vkSj jkstxkj esa mudh igq¡p lhfer jgh gSA lwpuk vkSj lapkj çkS|ksfxdh ¼ICT½ ds fodkl ds }kjk fiNys n'kd esa xzkeh.k vkSj tutkrh; {ks=ksa rd igq¡p cukuh dh 'kq#vkr gqbZ gSA lLrs LekVZQksu vkSj baVjusV MsVk iSd ds dkj.k fMftVy igq¡p lcksa ds fy, lqyHk gqvk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i tutkrh; efgyk,¡ Hkh èkhjs&èkhjs lks'ky ehfM;k IysVQ+‚eZ dk ç;ksx djus yxh gSA bl çdkj ds IysVQ+‚eZ mUgsa lkekftd :i ls tqM+us] ubZ tkudkfj;k¡ çkIr djus] m|ferk 'kq: djus vkSj jktuhfrd çfØ;kvksa esa Hkkx ysus ds volj çnku dj jgk gSA Quick Response Code: Website: https://jrdrvb.org/ DOI: Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work noncommercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations ae licensed under the idential terms. Address for correspondence: .  , -. .  , . . . . .,  How to cite this article:  , (2025). ,   : Journal of Research & Development, 17(9)324-331. Original Article Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9| September 2025 325 lkekftd lanHkZ tutkrh; efgyk,¡ ,sfrgkfld :i ls lkeqnkf;d thou] ikjaifjd Kku vkSj lkaL—frd xfrfofèk;ksa ls tqM+h jgh gSA Þf'k{kk vkSj ehfM;k dh igq¡p lhfer gksus ds dkj.k os eq[;èkkjk ds lekt ls vis{kk—r vyx&Fkyx FkhAÞ 1 lks'ky ehfM;k bl vyxko dks rksM+us dk ,d ekè;e cu jgk gSA OgkV~l,i lewgksa ds ekè;e ls LokLF; lacaèkh lans'k] Qslcqd istksa ij efgyk vfèkdkjksa ls tqM+h ppkZ,¡ vkSj ;wVîwc ij —f"k ,oa gLrf’kYi ls lacafèkr çf’k{k.k muds thou esa u, volj yk jgk gSA vkfFkZd lanHkZ vkfFkZd –f"V ls ns[kk tk, rks tutkrh; efgyk,¡ ikjaifjd :i ls Jeçèkku dk;ksZa esa layXu jgh gSA lks'ky ehfM;k vc muds fy, bZ&ekdZsfVax vkSj Lojkst+xkj dk u;k eap çnku dj jgk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] dqN Þefgyk,¡ gLrfufeZr oLrqvksa dh fcØh Qslcqd ;k baLVkxzke ds ekè;e ls dj jgh gSA blls mUgsa vfrfjä vk; vftZr gks jgh gS vkSj os vkRefuHkZjrk dh vksj c<+ jgh gSAÞ 2 jktuhfrd lanHkZ Hkkjrh; yksdra= esa iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa us tutkrh; efgykvksa dks vkj{k.k ds ekè;e ls jktuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh dk volj fn;k gSA dbZ ckj os dsoy ^ç‚Dlh çfrfufèk* cudj jg tkrh FkhA Þlks'ky ehfM;k bl ço`fÙk dks cnyus esa lgk;d gks jgk gSA efgyk,¡ OgkV~l,i vkSj Qslcqd ij pqukoh tkudkjh] vfèkdkjksa vkSj ;kstukvksa ls voxr gks jgh gS] ftlls mudh jktuhfrd psruk c<+ jgh gSAÞ 3 ekuo'kkL=h; –f"Vdks.k ekuo'kkL= ¼Anthropology½ laL—fr] lekt vkSj O;ogkj dk vè;;u djrk gSA bl –f"V ls ns[kk tk, rks lks'ky ehfM;k dsoy rduhdh IysVQ+‚eZ ugha gS] cfYd ;g ,d lkaL—frd çrhd gSA ;g tutkrh; efgykvksa ds ikjaifjd thou esa vkèkqfudrk yk jgk gSA blls muds ikfjokfjd lacaèk] lkeqnkf;d tqM+ko vkSj ySafxd Hkwfedk iquiZfjHkkf"kr gks jgh gSA 'kksèk dh vko';drk 'kgjh efgykvksa ij lks'ky ehfM;k ds çHkko ij dbZ 'kksèk gq, gSa] ijarq tutkrh; efgykvksa ij blds çHkko dk ekuo'kkL=h; fo'ys"k.k vHkh Hkh lhfer gSA blfy, ;g vè;;u u dsoy 'kS{kf.kd –f"V ls egRoiw.kZ gS] cfYd uhfr&fuekZ.k vkSj tutkrh; efgyk l'kfädj.k ds fy, Hkh vko';d gSA dk;Zç.kkyh fdlh Hkh 'kksèk ds oSKkfud vkèkkj dks 'kksèk dh dk;Zç.kkyh lqfuf'pr djrh gSA ;g vè;;u ekuo'kkL=h; –f"Vdks.k ls tutkrh; efgykvksa ds fofHkUu vk;keksa ij lks'ky ehfM;k ds çHkko ds vè;;u gsrq fd;k x;k gSA 1- 'kksèk dk Lo:i ¼Nature of Research½ 'kksèk fefJr i)fr ¼Mixed Method Research½ ij vkèkkfjr gS] ftlesa xq.kkRed ¼Qualitative½ vkSj ek=kRed ¼Quantitative½ nksuksa –f"Vdks.k dk mi;ksx gqvk gSA xq.kkRed –f"Vdks.k% lk{kkRdkj vkSj voyksdu ds ekè;e ls efgykvksa ds vuqHkoksa] Hkkoukvksa vkSj –f"Vdks.k dk vè;;u fd;k x;k gSA ek=kRed –f"Vdks.k% ç'ukoyh ds ekè;e ls lkaf[;dh; vk¡dM+s ,d= fd, x, vkSj bldk fo'ys"k.k çfr'kr] xzkQ+ vkSj rkfydkvksa ds :i esa fd;k x;k gSA ;g fefJr i)fr blfy, viukbZ xbZ] D;ksafd Þdsoy la[;kRed vk¡dM+s ;k dsoy vuqHkotU; fooj.k ls leL;k dh tfVyrk dks iwjh rjg ls le>k ugha tk ldrk gSAÞ 4 2vè;;u {ks= ¼Study Area½ vè;;u {ks= ds :i esa fcgkj jkT; ds Hkkxyiqj vkSj xksìk ftys dk p;u fd;k x;k gSA nksuksa ftys vkfnoklh tula[;k dh –f"V ls egRoiw.kZ gaSA bu ftyksa esa laFkky] igkfM+;k vkSj mjk¡o tSlh tutkfr;ksa dh la[;k i;kZIr gSA xzkeh.k vkSj vèkZ&'kgjh nksuksa çdkj ds {ks=ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS] rkfd lks'ky ehfM;k igq¡p ds fofHkUu Lrjksa dk vè;;u gksA vè;;u {ks= dk p;u bl ekU;rk ij vkèkkfjr gS fd ;gk¡ dh efgyk,¡ ikjaifjd thou'kSyh ds lkFk&lkFk vkèkqfud fMftVy ekè;eksa dk vuqHko dj jgh gS] tks bl 'kksèk ds fy, mi;qä çfLFkfr çnku djrk gSA 1 Mohanty, B. (2019). Tribal women in India: Issues and perspectives. Rawat Publications. 2 Kumar, R., & Singh, A. (2021). Social media and entrepreneurship among tribal women in India. Journal of Rural Development Studies, 37(2), 201–214. 3 Gupta, P. (2022). Role of digital media in enhancing women’s political participation. Indian Journal of Political Science, 83(1), 70–80. 4 Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage. Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9| September 2025 326 3fun'kZ vkdkj ¼Sample Size½ dqy 50 tutkrh; efgyk,¡ vè;;u esa 'kkfey dh xbZA mÙkjnkf=;ksa dh vk;q lhek 18 ls 45 o"kZ ds eè; gSA muds f'k{kk dk Lrj] fuj{kj ls Lukrd rd gSA mudh lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr Øe'k% —f"k etnwj] Lojkst+xkj] ?kjsyw efgyk,¡ vkSj Nk=k,¡ ds :i esa gSA fun'kZ p;u i)fr% mís';iw.kZ fun'kZ ¼Purposive Sampling½ dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA bldk dkj.k ;g Fkk fd Þ'kksèk dk y{; fo'ks"k lewg ¼tutkrh; efgyk,¡½ ij dsafær FkkAÞ 5 4MsVk laxzg.k rduhd ¼Data Collection Techniques½ 1ç'ukoyh ¼Questionnaire½%& 20 ç'uksa okyh lajfpr ç'ukoyh rS;kj dh xbZA blesa lks'ky ehfM;k mi;ksx dh vko`fÙk] mís';] ykHk vkSj pqukSfr;ksa ij ç'u 'kkfey gSA ç'u&mÙkj fodYiksa dks ljy Hkk"kk ¼fganh@LFkkuh; cksyh½ esa çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA 2lk{kkRdkj ¼Interview½%& 20 efgykvksa ls xgu lk{kkRdkj ¼In-depth Interviews½ fy, x,A blls O;fäxr vuqHko] lkekftd lacaèkksa ij çHkko vkSj jktuhfrd psruk esa cnyko dh tkudkjh çkIr gqbZA 3voyksdu ¼Observation½%& dqN efgykvksa dh lks'ky ehfM;k xfrfofèk;ksa ¼tSls OgkV~l,i xzqi esa lgHkkfxrk] Qslcqd iksLV] ;wVîwc mi;ksx½ dk Hkh voyksdu fd;k x;k gSA blls O;ogkfjd iSVuZ vkSj lkaL—frd cnyko dks le>us esa enn feyh gSA 4f}rh;d lzksr ¼Secondary Sources½%&ljdkjh fjiksVZ] tux.kuk vk¡dM+s] iwoZorÊ 'kksèk vkSj tuZy vkfVZdy dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA 5MsVk fo'ys"k.k ¼Data Analysis½ ek=kRed fo'ys"k.k%&ç'ukoyh ls çkIr vk¡dM+ksa dks rfydkc) djrs gq, çfr'kr esa ifjofrZr fd;k x;kA ifj.kkeksa dks rkfydk vkSj xzkQ+ ds ekè;e ls çLrqr djrs gq, fo'ys"k.k Hkh fd;k x;k gSA xq.kkRed fo'ys"k.k%& lk{kkRdkj vkSj voyksdu ls çkIr tkudkjh dks fo"k;xr fo'ys"k.k ¼Thematic Analysis½ dh enn ls oxÊ—r fd;k x;k gSA eq[; fo"k; ds :i esa % ¼1-½ lkekftd tqM+ko] ¼2-½ vkfFkZd volj] ¼3-½ jktuhfrd tkx:drk] ¼4-½ fMftVy pqukSfr;ksa dk p;u fd;k x;k gSA 6uSfrd fopkj ¼Ethical Considerations½& çfrHkkfx;ksa dh igpku xqIr j[kh xbZA lHkh efgykvksa ls iwoZ lgefr ¼Informed Consent½ çkIr dh xbZA 'kksèk ds nkSjku fdlh çdkj dk vkfFkZd ;k lkekftd 'kks"k.k u gks] bldk è;ku j[kk x;k gSA 7- 'kksèk dh lhek,¡ ¼Limitations½& fun'kZ dk vkdkj y?kq ¼50 efgyk,¡½ gksus ds dkj.k fu"d"kZ iwjs {ks= ij ykxw ugha fd, tk ldrs gSaA baVjusV igq¡p vkSj fMftVy lk{kjrk dh vlekurk us 'kksèk dks çHkkfor fd;k gSA le; vkSj lalkèkuksa dh lhekvksa ds dkj.k vè;;u dsoy nks ftyksa rd lhfer jgk gSA vkadM+ksa dk fo'ys"k.k vkSj O;k[;k ¼Data Analysis and Interpretation½ 'kksèk ls ,d= fd, x, çkFkfed vk¡dM+ksa vkSj QhYM uksV~l dk fo'ys"k.k çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA dqy 50 tutkrh; efgykvksa ls çkIr tkudkjh dks rkfydkvksa] xzkQ+ vkSj fooj.kkRed O;k[;k ds ekè;e ls çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA blesa lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd çHkkoksa dks vyx&vyx ijarq ijLij lac) :i ls mYysf[kr fd;k x;k gSA 1çfrHkkfx;ksa dk tulkaf[;dh; çksQ+kby rkfydk& 1 ¼vk;q fooj.k½ vk;q oxZ çfrHkkfx;ksadh la[;k çfr'kr 18&25 o"kZ 12 24 çfr'kr 26&35 o"kZ 20 40 çfr'kr 36&45 o"kZ 18 36 çfr'kr mijksä rkfydk ds fo'ys"k.k ds vuqlkj lcls vfèkd çfrHkkxh 26&35 o"kZ dh vk;q oxZ ds gSaA ;g oxZ lks'ky ehfM;k mi;ksxdrkZvksa ds chp lokZfèkd lfØ; ik;k x;k gSA rkfydk& 2 ¼'kS{kf.kd Lrj½ 'kS{kf.kd Lrj çfrHkkfx;ksa dh la[;k çfr'kr fuj{kj 8 16 çfr'kr çkFkfed ¼d{kk 1&5½ 12 24 çfr'kr ekè;fed¼d{kk6&10½ 15 30 çfr'kr mPprj ekè;fed ,oa Lukrd 15 30 çfr'kr 5 Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (4th ed.). Sage. Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9| September 2025 327 rkfydk ds vuqlkj yxHkx 30 çfr'kr efgyk,¡ ekè;fed ;k mPprj ekè;fed Lrj rd f'k{kk çkIr gSA f'k{kk Lrj vkSj lks'ky ehfM;k mi;ksx esa lhèkk lacaèk ik;k x;k gSA rkfydk& 3 ¼O;olkf;d fLFkfr½ is'kk çfrHkkfx;ksa dh la[;k çfr'kr —f"k Jfed 20 40 çfr'kr Lojkst+xkj ¼gLrf'kYi@i'kqikyu½ 10 20 çfr'kr ?kjsyw efgyk 12 24 çfr'kr Nk=k,¡ 8 16 çfr'kr mi;Zqä rkfydk ds voyksduuqlkj —f"k Jfed efgykvksa dh la[;k 40 çfr'kr jgh gS] Lojkstxkjh ds :i esa 20 çfr'kr] ?kjsyw efgyk 24 çfr'kr ,oa Nk=kvksa 16 çfr'kr gSA Lojkst+xkjh vkSj Nk=kvksa ds eè; lks'ky ehfM;k mi;ksx vfèkd lfØ; ns[kk x;k gSA 2lks'ky ehfM;k mi;ksx dk iSVuZ rkfydk& 4 ¼lks'ky ehfM;k IysVQ+‚eZ dk mi;ksx½ IysVQ+‚eZ mi;ksxdrkZvksa dh la[;k çfr'kr ¼çfr'kr½ OgkV~l,i 45 90 çfr'kr Qslcqd 30 60 çfr'kr ;wVîwc 25 50 çfr'kr baLVkxzke 10 20 çfr'kr lkj.kh ds voyksdu ls Li"V gS fd 50 mÙkjnkf=;ksa esa OgkV~l,i lcls vfèkd yksdfç; IysVQ+‚eZ gS] ftlds mi;ksxdrkZ dh la[;k 90 çfr'kr gS] 60 çfr'kr Qslcqd] 50 çfr'kr ;wVîwc ,oa 20 çfr'kr baLVkxzke mi;ksxdrkZ gS] ijarq baLVkxzke dk mi;ksx vis{kk—r de djrs gSaA 3lks'ky ehfM;k mi;ksx dh vko`fÙk rkfydk& 5 ¼lks'ky ehfM;k ç;ksx vko`fr½ lks'ky ehfM;k mi;ksx çfrHkkfx;ksa dh la[;k çfr'kr çfrfnu 28 56 çfr'kr lIrkg esa dbZ ckj 12 24 çfr'kr dHkh&dHkkj 6 12 çfr'kr mi;ksx ugha djrha 4 8 çfr'kr rkfydk ls Li"V gS fd vfèkdka'k efgyk,¡ 56 çfr'kr çfrfnu lks'ky ehfM;k dk mi;ksx djrh gS] tks n'kkZrk gS fd fMftVy ekè;e muds thou dk fu;fer fgLlk cu pqdk gSA dsoy 8 çfr'kr efgyk,¡ ,slh Fkh ftudh igq¡p vHkh Hkh lhfer gSA rkfydk& 6 ¼lks'ky ehfM;k mi;ksx dk eq[; mís';½ mís'; çfrHkkfx;ksadh la[;k çfr'kr lkekftd laidZ 40 80 çfr'kr f'k{kk@tkudkjh 28 56 çfr'kr vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;k¡ 15 30 çfr'kr jktuhfrd tkudkjh 20 40 çfr'kr mijksä rkfydk ds vuqlkj 50 çfrHkkfx;ksa esa ls vfèkdka'k efgyk,¡ lkekftd laidZ 80 çfr'kr] tkudkjh çkIr djus ds fy, 56 çfr'kr lks'ky ehfM;k dk mi;ksx djrh gSA vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ka 30 çfr'kr vkSj jktuhfrd mís';ksa ds fy, 40 çfr'kr djrh gSA 4lkekftd çHkko rkfydk& 7 ¼lkekftd ifjorZu½ ifjorZu lger ¼ çfr'kr½ vlger ¼ çfr'kr½ ifjokj vkSj fj'rsnkjksa ls laidZ esa o`f) 76 çfr'kr 24 çfr'kr LokLF; vkSj f'k{kk lacaèkh tkudkjh vklkuh ls feyrh gS 82 çfr'kr 18 çfr'kr ikjaifjd ekU;rkvksa ij loky mBkus gsrq lkgl esa o`f) 60 çfr'kr 40 çfr'kr Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9| September 2025 328 lkj.kh ds voyksdu ds vuqlkj 50 çfrHkkfx;ksa esa ls vfèkdka'k efgykvksa us dgk fd lks'ky ehfM;k us lkekftd lacaèkksa dks etcwr fd;k gS ,oa 82 çfr'kr ds vuqlkj LokLF;&f'k{kk ls tqM+h tkudkjh igq¡pkuk vc lgt gks x;k gS] lkFk gh 60 çfr'kr ds vuqlkj ikjaifjd ekU;rkvksa ij loky mBkus gsrq lkgl esa o`f) gqbZ gSA 3lks'ky ehfM;k vkSj lkekftd tkx:drk Rkfydk& 8 ¼lkekftd ifjorZu½ lkekftd ifjorZu ds igyw lger ¼ çfr'kr½ vlger ¼ çfr'kr½ efgykvksa esa vkRefo’okl esa o`f) 68 çfr'kr 32 çfr'kr ikfjokfjd fu.kZ;ksa esa Hkkxhnkjh c<+h 54 çfr'kr 46 çfr'kr fyax vlekurk ds çfr tkx:drk 60 çfr'kr 40 çfr'kr vkadM+ksa ls Li"V irk pyrk gS fd 68 çfr'kr efgyk,¡ ekurh gS fd lks'ky ehfM;k us muds vkRefo’okl dks c<+k;k gSA 54 çfr'kr us crk;k fd vc os ikfjokfjd fu.kZ;ksa esa vfèkd Hkkxhnkjh dj jgh gS] blds vykos 60 çfr'kr ds vuqlkj fyax vlekurk ds çfr muesa tkx:drk vk;h gSA bldk vFkZ gS fd lks'ky ehfM;k lkekftd tkx:drk esa èkhjs&èkhjs ifjorZu yk jgk gSA 4vkfFkZd çHkko rkfydk la[;k& 9 ¼vkfFkZd voljksa ij çHkko½ vkfFkZd xfrfofèk çfrHkkfx;ksa dh la[;k çfr'kr v‚uykbu mRikn cspuk ¼tSls diM+s] gLrf'kYi½ 6 12 çfr'kr jkstxkj dh tkudkjh ikuk 10 20 çfr'kr dkS'ky çf'k{k.k ohfM;ks ns[kuk 8 16 çfr'kr çR;{k vkfFkZd ykHk ugha 26 52 çfr'kr vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj yxHkx vkèkh efgyk,¡ ¼52 çfr'kr½ dks vHkh rd çR;{k vkfFkZd ykHk ugha feyk gS] tcfd 20 çfr'kr efgyk,¡ lks'ky ehfM;k ls jkstxkj dh tkudkjh ikrh gS vkSj 16 çfr'kr efgyk,¡ dkS'ky çf'k{k.k çkIr djrh gSA fMftVy IysVQ+‚eZ vkfFkZd voljksa esa o`f) ds dkj.k vkfFkZd vkRefuHkZjrk dh fn'kk esa èkhjs&èkhjs ;g lgk;d gks jgk gSA 5jktuhfrd tkx:drk ij çHkko rkfydk la[;k& 10 ¼jktuhfrd tkx:drk½ jktuhfrd igyw lger ¼ çfr'kr½ vlger ¼ çfr'kr½ ernku çfØ;k dh tkudkjh c<+h 72 çfr'kr 28 çfr'kr ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh feyh 66 çfr'kr 34 çfr'kr efgyk çfrfufèkRo ds çfr tkx:drk 58 çfr'kr 42 çfr'kr {ks=h; vè;;u ls çkIr vk¡dM+s ds vuqlkj vfèkdka'k efgyk,¡ ¼72 çfr'kr½ ekurh gS fd lks'ky ehfM;k us mUgsa ernku çfØ;k vkSj vfèkdkjksa ds ckjs esa tkx:d fd;k gS] 66 çfr'kr dks lks'ky ehfM;k ds dkj.k ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh vklkuh ls fey ikrh gSA 58 çfr'kr ds vuqlkj os efgyk çfrfufèkRo ds çfr tkx:d gqbZ gSA ifj.kke n'kkZrk gS fd lks'ky ehfM;k us jktuhfrd tkx:drk esa o`f) djrs gq,] yksdrkaf=d Hkkxhnkjh c<+kus dk l'kä ekè;e cu x;k gSA 72% 66% 58% 28% 34% 42% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% ernku çfØ;k dh tkudkjh c<+h ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh feyh efgyk çfrfufèkRo ds çfr tkx:drk lger ¼ çfr'kr½ vlger ¼ çfr'kr½ Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9| September 2025 329 6pqukSfr;k¡ vkSj ckèkk,¡ rkfydk& 11 ¼ifjorZu ds ekxZ esa pqukSfr;k¡½ çeq[k pqukSrh çfrHkkfx;ksa dh la[;k çfr'kr baVjusV dh deh@usVodZ leL;k 18 36 çfr'kr fMftVy lk{kjrk dh deh 15 30 çfr'kr ifjokj@lekt dk fojksèk 10 20 çfr'kr eksckby@fMokbl dk vHkko 7 14 çfr'kr mÙkjnkf=;ksa ds vuqlkj lcls cM+h pqukSrh baVjusV dusfDVfoVh vkSj fMftVy lk{kjrk gSA 36 çfr'kr efgykvksa dks usVodZ dh leL;k vkSj 30 çfr'kr dks fMftVy dkS'ky dh deh eglwl gksrh gSA 20 çfr'kr mÙkjnkf=;ksa dks ifjokj@lekt dk fojksèk dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA blls Li"V gS fd fMftVy foHkktu vHkh Hkh ekStwn gSA mi;Zqä vkadM+ksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS fd lks'ky ehfM;k us lkekftd Lrj ij efgykvksa dks vfèkd tqM+ko] tkudkjh vkSj vkRe&vfHkO;fä dk eap çnku fd;k gSA vkfFkZd Lrj ij dqN efgyk,¡ Lojkst+xkj vkSj bZ&ekdZsfVax esa ços'k dj jgh gS] ftlls mudh vk; vkSj vkRefuHkZjrk esa o`f) gks jgh gSA jktuhfrd Lrj ij efgykvksa dh tkx:drk vkSj Hkkxhnkjh c<+h gSA fMftVy lk{kjrk vkSj baVjusV dh lhek,¡ bl çfØ;k dks ckfèkr dj jgh gSA vè;;u {ks= ls çkIr fu"d"kksZa dks ekuo'kkL=h; fl)karksa vkSj iwoZorÊ 'kksèkksa ds lkFk tksM+rs gq, fo'ysf"kr fd;k x;k gSA lks'ky ehfM;k ds dkj.k tutkrh; efgykvksa ds lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd thou esa ifjorZu gks jgk gSA 1lkekftd –f"Vdks.k% ubZ igpku vkSj lkeqnkf;d tqM+ko {ks=h; vè;;u ls çkIr vk¡dM+s ls Li"V gksrk gS fd 68 çfr'kr efgyk,¡ ekurh gSa fd lks'ky ehfM;k us muds vkRefo’okl esa o`f) dh gSA ekuo'kkL= ds lkaL—frd ifjorZu fl)kar ds vuqlkj] Þtc ckgjh rduhd fdlh ikjaifjd lekt esa ços'k djrh gS] rks ;g èkhjs&èkhjs lkekftd lacaèkksa vkSj Hkwfedkvksa dks cny nsrh gSAÞ 6 tutkrh; efgyk,¡ lks'ky ehfM;k ds ekè;e ls u dsoy vius ifjokj vkSj fj'rsnkjksa ls tqM+h jgrh gS cfYd u, lkekftd usVodZ Hkh cukrh gSA ;g ifj.kke iwoZorÊ 'kksèk ls esy [kkrk gS] ftlesa ik;k x;k fd Þxzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa lks'ky ehfM;k efgykvksa dh lkekftd xfr'khyrk dks c<+kok nsrk gSAÞ 7 ifjokj vkSj lekt dk fojksèk ¼20 çfr'kr efgykvksa ds vuqHko vuqlkj½ ;g n'kkZrk gS fd ikjaifjd vkSj vkèkqfud ewY;ksa ds chp vHkh Hkh la?k"kZ tkjh gSA 2vkfFkZd –f"Vdks.k% lhfer ykHk ysfdu mHkjrh laHkkouk,¡ {ks=h; vè;;u ls çkIr vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj dsoy 12 çfr'kr efgyk,¡ gh çR;{k :i ls lks'ky ehfM;k dk mi;ksx dj mRikn csp jgh gS] tcfd 20 çfr'kr efgyk,¡ jkstxkj lacaèkh tkudkjh çkIr djrh gSA ftlls Li"V gksrk gS fd vkfFkZd :i ls detksj oxZ esa lks'ky ehfM;k dk ;ksxnku vHkh lhfer gSA ekuo'kkL=h; thfodk e‚My ¼Subsistence Model½ ds vuqlkj] Þtc leqnk; u, vkfFkZd lkèkuksa dks viukrk gS] rks mudh ikjaifjd thfodk i)fr çHkkfor gksrh gSAÞ 8 tutkrh; efgyk,¡ vc —f"k vkSj etnwjh rd lhfer u jgdj fMftVy lkèkuksa ls u, volj ryk'k djus yxh gSA iwoZ 'kksèk ds vuq:i ÞfMftVy IysVQ‚eZ efgykvksa dks NksVs Lrj ij m|ferk vkSj Lojkst+xkj dh vksj çsfjr djrk gSA fMftVy lk{kjrk vkSj midj.kksa dh deh vHkh Hkh ,d cM+h ckèkk gSAÞ 9 6 Herskovits, M. J. (1958). Cultural anthropology. Knopf. 7 Mitra, S., & Ray, R. (2019). Social media and women’s empowerment in rural India. Asian Journal of Social Science, 47(1), 110–125. 8 Sahlins, M. (1972). Stone age economics. Aldine-Atherton. 9 Banerjee, S. (2020). Digital platforms and women entrepreneurship in tribal India. Economic and Political Weekly, 55(12), 74–80. 36% 30% 20% 14% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% baVjusV dh deh@usVodZ leL;k fMftVy lk{kjrk dh deh ifjokj@lekt dk fojksèk eksckby@fMokbl dk vHkko çfrHkkfx;ksa dh la[;k çfrHkkfx;ksa dh la[;k Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9| September 2025 330 3jktuhfrd –f"Vdks.k% yksdrkaf=d Hkkxhnkjh dh vksj 72 çfr'kr efgyk,¡ ekurh gS fd lks'ky ehfM;k us mUgsa ernku çfØ;k ds ckjs esa vfèkd tkudkjh çnku dh gSA ;g ifj.kke n'kkZrk gS fd fMftVy ehfM;k efgykvksa dh jktuhfrd psruk dks lfØ; dj jgk gSA jktuhfrd lkekthdj.k fl)kar ¼Political Socialization Theory½ ls Li"V gS fd ÞehfM;k ukxfjdksa ds jktuhfrd ewY;ksa vkSj O;ogkj dks çHkkfor djrk gSAÞ 10 tutkrh; efgyk,¡ igys tgk¡ jktuhfr esa fuf"Ø; Hkwfedk fuHkkrh Fkh] vc os ernku] ljdkjh ;kstukvksa vkSj efgyk çfrfufèkRo ds çfr vfèkd ltx gks jgh gSA blh çdkj dk fu"d"kZ ,d gkfy;k vè;;u esa Hkh lkeus vk;k fd Þxzkeh.k efgykvksa esa lks'ky ehfM;k jktuhfrd l'kfädj.k dk u;k lkèku cu jgk gSAÞ 11 4pqukSfr;k¡% fMftVy foHkktu vkSj lkaL—frd çfrjksèk vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj] 36 çfr'kr efgykvksa dks usVodZ leL;k vkSj 30 çfr'kr dks fMftVy lk{kjrk dh deh dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA fMftVy fMokbM ¼Digital Divide½ dh leL;k gS] ftl ij ekuo'kkfL=;ksa us è;ku fnyk;k gSA Þrduhdh lalkèkuksa dh vlekurk lkekftd vlekurk esa vkSj o`f) dj ldrk gSAÞ 12 blds vfrfjä] 20 çfr'kr efgykvksa us crk;k fd ifjokj vkSj lekt dk fojksèk Hkh ,d cM+h pqukSrh gSA lkaL—frd çfrjksèk vHkh Hkh çcy gSA ikjaifjd ySafxd Hkwfedk,¡ efgykvksa dh fMftVy Lora=rk dks lhfer djrh gSA 5ekuo'kkL=h; ifjçs{; ekuo'kkL= lkekftd thou dks lexzrk ¼Holism½ esa ns[krk gSA bl –f"Vdks.k ls lks'ky ehfM;k dk çHkko dsoy O;fäxr Lrj ij ugha] cfYd ikfjokfjd] lkeqnkf;d vkSj jktuhfrd lajpuk rd QSyk gqvk gSA lkekftd Lrj ij lks'ky ehfM;k ubZ igpku vkSj fj'rksa dk foLrkj dk foLrkj djrk gSA vkfFkZd Lrj ij ikjaifjd thfodk ls fMftVy vFkZO;oLFkk dh vksj laØe.k djrk gSA jktuhfrd Lrj ij fuf"Ø; ukxfjd ls lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh dh vksj cnyko djrk gSA lks'ky ehfM;k vkèkqfudrk vkSj oS’ohdj.k dh çfØ;k esa tutkrh; efgykvksa dks u, volj çnku dj jgk gS] ysfdu ;g volj lHkh efgykvksa rd leku :i ls ugha igq¡p ik jgk gSA 6iwoZorÊ 'kksèk fLeFk us ik;k fd ÞvÝhdh tutkrh; lektksa esa Hkh lks'ky ehfM;k efgykvksa dh f'k{kk vkSj jktuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh c<+kus esa lgk;d jgk gSAÞ 13 pkSèkjh ds vè;;u ds vuqlkj] ÞHkkjr esa >kj[kaM {ks= dh efgyk,¡ lks'ky ehfM;k ds ekè;e ls Lojkst+xkj ds u, voljksa dks viukus yxh gSAÞ 14 çLrqr vè;;u ls çkIr ifj.kke mi;Zqä vè;;u dh iqf"V djrk gS] ysfdu ;g Hkh Li"V djrk gS fd usVodZ vkSj midj.kksa dh deh Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa ,d fof'k"V pqukSrh çLrqr dj jgk gSA fu"d"kZ ¼Conclusion½ lks'ky ehfM;k tutkrh; efgykvksa ds thou esa lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd Lrj ij egRoiw.kZ ifjorZu yk jgk gSA lkekftd –f"V ls ;g muds fy, laokn] vkRe&vfHkO;fä vkSj tkx:drk dk eap cuk gSA LokLF;] f'k{kk vkSj ySafxd lekurk ls tqM+s eqíksa ij mudh le> vkSj vkRefo’okl esa o`f) gqbZ gSA vkfFkZd –f"V ls] ;|fi çR;{k ykHk vHkh lhfer gS] ijarq lks'ky ehfM;k us Lojkst+xkj] bZ&ekdZsfVax vkSj ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh rd mudh igq¡p c<+kbZ gSA blls vkRefuHkZjrk dh fn'kk esa u, volj [kqy jgs gSaA jktuhfrd Lrj ij] ;g IysVQ+‚eZ efgykvksa dks ernku çfØ;k] uhfr;ksa vkSj çfrfufèkRo ds vfèkdkjksa ds çfr ltx dj jgk gS] ftlls yksdrkaf=d Hkkxhnkjh lq–<+ gks jgh gSA ekuo'kkL=h; ifjçs{; ls ns[kk tk, rks lks'ky ehfM;k dsoy rduhdh lkèku ugha] cfYd lkaL—frd ifjorZu dk okgd gSA blus ikjaifjd lkekftd lajpukvksa] ikfjokfjd Hkwfedkvksa vkSj lkeqnkf;d lacaèkksa dks iquiZfjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA fMftVy lk{kjrk dh deh] usVodZ dh leL;k vkSj lkaL—frd çfrjksèk vc Hkh bldh iw.kZ {kerk dks lhfer djrk gSA lexz :i ls] lks'ky ehfM;k us tutkrh; efgykvksa dks eq[;èkkjk ls tksM+rs gq, muds l'kfädj.k dh çfØ;k dks xfr nh gSA blds lrr vkSj ldkjkRed mi;ksx ds fy, fMftVy f'k{kk] uhfr leFkZu vkSj LFkkuh; Lrj ij lkekftd Loh—fr vko';d gSA vè;;u ls çkIr fuEufyf[kr lkekU; fu"d"kZ gS%& 1lks'ky ehfM;k us tutkrh; efgykvksa esa lkekftd vkRefo’okl vkSj lkeqnkf;d tqM+ko dks c<+k;k gSA 10 Almond, G. A., & Verba, S. (1963). The civic culture: Political attitudes and democracy in five nations. Princeton University Press. 11 Kumar, P. (2021). Social media and political participation of rural women in India. Journal of Social and Political Studies, 12(3), 50–60. 12 Castells, M. (2000). The rise of the network society (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. 13 Smith, J. (2018). Social media and tribal women’s empowerment in Africa. Journal of Anthropological Research, 74(1), 85–98. 14 Chaudhary, N. (2020). Digital literacy and entrepreneurship among tribal women in Jharkhand. Indian Journal of Development Research, 15(2), 130–140. Journal of Research and Development Peer Reviewed International, Open Access Journal. ISSN : 2230-9578 | Website: https://jrdrvb.org Volume-17, Issue-9| September 2025 331 2vkfFkZd –f"V ls vHkh bldk çHkko çkjafHkd Lrj ij gS] ysfdu Hkfo"; esa ;g m|ferk vkSj jkstxkj l`tu dk çeq[k lkèku cu ldrk gSA 3jktuhfrd –f"Vdks.k ls lks'ky ehfM;k yksdrkaf=d ewY;ksa vkSj efgyk çfrfufèkRo ds çfr ubZ tkx:drk yk jgk gSA 4pqukSfr;k¡ eq[; :i ls fMftVy igq¡p vkSj lkaL—frd ckèkkvksa ls tqM+h gqbZ gSA lanHkZ xzaFk&lwph 1. Almond, G. A., & Verba, S. (1963). The civic culture: Political attitudes and democracy in five nations. Princeton University Press. 2. Banerjee, S. (2020). Digital platforms and women entrepreneurship in tribal India. Economic and Political Weekly, 55(12), 74–80. 3. Castells, M. (2000). The rise of the network society (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. 4. Chaudhary, N. (2020). Digital literacy and entrepreneurship among tribal women in Jharkhand. Indian Journal of Development Research, 15(2), 130–140. 5. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage. 6. Gupta, P. (2022). Role of digital media in enhancing women’s political participation. Indian Journal of Political Science, 83(1), 70–80. 7. Herskovits, M. J. (1958). Cultural anthropology. Knopf. 8. Kumar, P. (2021). Social media and political participation of rural women in India. Journal of Social and Political Studies, 12(3), 50–60. 9. Kumar, R., & Singh, A. (2021). Social media and entrepreneurship among tribal women in India. Journal of Rural Development Studies, 37(2), 201–214. 10. Mitra, S., & Ray, R. (2019). Social media and women’s empowerment in rural India. Asian Journal of Social Science, 47(1), 110–125. 11. Mohanty, B. (2019). Tribal women in India: Issues and perspectives. Rawat Publications. 12. Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (4th ed.). Sage. 13. Sahlins, M. (1972). Stone age economics. Aldine-Atherton. 14. Smith, J. (2018). Social media and tribal women’s empowerment in Africa. Journal of Anthropological Research, 74(1), 85–98.