CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTIONAL ALTERATIONS IN LEUKEMIA PATIENTS: A CLINICAL-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY IN THE BUKHARA REGION

Educational Research in Universal Sciences ISSN: 2181-3515 VOLUME 4 | SPECIAL ISSUE 13 | 2025 https://t.me/Erus_uz Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal October, 2025 5 DOI: https://10.5281/zenodo.17488966 CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTIONAL ALTERATIONS IN LEUKEMIA PATIENTS: A CLINICAL-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY IN THE BUKHARA REGION Aminova Nafisa Narzullayevna Assistant of the Department of Hematology, Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Nephrology and Hemodialysis, Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan Email: aminova.nafis[email protected] ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6687-0064 ABSTRACT This study investigates cardiovascular functional alterations in leukemia patients residing in the Bukhara region. The research focuses on assessing electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic (EchoCG) parameters to determine the prevalence and severity of cardiac dysfunctions associated with hematologic malignancies. The study results reveal that early cardiovascular changes are common in leukemia patients and highlight the clinical necessity of routine cardiac monitoring for prevention and early diagnosis of complications. Keywords: Leukemia, Cardiovascular system, ECG, Echocardiography, Hematology, Functional changes, Diagnostics. INTRODUCTION Leukemia represents a malignant transformation of hematopoietic cells, leading to systemic disruptions in metabolism and oxygen delivery. These hematological changes have a direct impact on cardiac tissue function and perfusion. Studies have shown that both acute and chronic leukemias are frequently accompanied by myocardial dysfunction, arrhythmias, and hemodynamic instability (Pui et al., 2023; Hsu et al., 2024). In Uzbekistan, particularly in the Bukhara region, an increasing number of leukemia cases has been observed in the past decade, emphasizing the necessity of regional cardiovascular assessment among patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted in 2025 at the Hematology Department of the Bukhara Regional Multidisciplinary Medical Center. A total of 60 patients aged 50–65 years Educational Research in Universal Sciences ISSN: 2181-3515 VOLUME 4 | SPECIAL ISSUE 13 | 2025 https://t.me/Erus_uz Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal October, 2025 6 (mean age 58.4 ± 1.7) with various forms of leukemia were examined. The control group included 10 leukemia patients aged 35–60 years without cardiovascular dysfunctions. Diagnosis was confirmed through peripheral blood tests, myelograms, biochemical analyses, ECG, and EchoCG findings. All collected data were processed using standard statistical software, and results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The analysis of leukemia types showed that chronic lymphoblastic leukemia accounted for 44% of all cases, chronic myeloblastic leukemia for 31%, acute lymphoblastic leukemia for 13%, and acute myeloblastic leukemia for 12%. Figure 1. Distribution of leukemia subtypes among patients. Gender analysis revealed that chronic myeloblastic leukemia was more frequent among men (44.8%) than women (28.6%), while chronic lymphoblastic and acute lymphoblastic leukemias were more prevalent among women (40.5% and 30.9%, respectively). 44% 31% 13% 12% Type of leukemia Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia Chronic myeloblastic leukemia Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Acute myeloblastic leukemia Educational Research in Universal Sciences ISSN: 2181-3515 VOLUME 4 | SPECIAL ISSUE 13 | 2025 https://t.me/Erus_uz Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal October, 2025 7 Figure 2. Gender distribution of leukemia types (%). Regional distribution showed the highest leukemia rates in Kogon (23%), Romitan (18%), and Bukhara districts (17%). Lower prevalence was recorded in Gijduvan, Karavulbazar, and Jondor districts (2–5%). Names of districts Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia Chronic myeloblastic leukemia Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Acute myeloblastic leukemia Kogon 23% 14% 21% 13% Romitan 18% 12% 14% 12% Bukhara district 17% 15% 15% 12% Karakul District 12% 10% 9% 8% Alat District 10% 9% 8% 7% Vabkent District 9% 10% 9% 8% Peshku District 3% 5% 3% 4% Gijduvan District 3% 3% 2% 2% Karavulbazar District 3% 8% 1% 5% Jondor District 2% 6% 4% 1% Table 1. Distribution of leukemia across the districts of the Bukhara region. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Chronic lymphobla stic leukemia chronic myeloblast ic leukemia acute lymphobla stic leukemia acute myeloblast ic leukemia MAN 34,5 44,8 20,8 14,8 WOMEN 40,5 28,6 30,9 11,2 Educational Research in Universal Sciences ISSN: 2181-3515 VOLUME 4 | SPECIAL ISSUE 13 | 2025 https://t.me/Erus_uz Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal October, 2025 8 These findings indicate that environmental and occupational exposure factors may play a significant role in the regional prevalence of leukemia. The results also highlight the necessity for early cardiovascular screening in these patients using ECG and EchoCG. Similar conclusions were reached by Hsu et al. (2024), who reported subclinical myocardial dysfunction in 48% of leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy. CONCLUSION The study concludes that cardiovascular functional impairments are common among leukemia patients. Routine ECG and EchoCG examinations are essential for early detection and prevention of severe cardiac complications. Implementation of systematic cardiac monitoring protocols in hematologic departments is strongly recommended to improve clinical outcomes and enhance patient survival. REFERENCES: 1. World Health Organization. (2023). Leukemia fact sheet. Geneva: WHO. 2. Pui C.H., et al. (2023). Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia. Blood Reviews, 63, 102221. 3. Karimov A., et al. (2021). Epidemiological characteristics of leukemia in Central Asia. Uzbek Medical Journal, 3(5), 22–29. 4. Hsu P., et al. (2024). Cardiovascular complications in hematologic malignancies: an updated perspective. JACC: CardioOncology, 6(2), 211–225. 5. Abdullayev N. (2023). Clinical and functional assessment of cardiac activity in leukemia patients. Bukhara Medical Bulletin, 4(2), 58–64. 6. Zhao L., et al. (2024). Myocardial strain alterations in leukemia survivors. 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